List of publications

Ari ViljanenFinnish Meteorological Institute

Erik Palmenin aukio 1, FI-00560 Helsinki, Finlandari.viljanen@fmi.fi

November 10, 2017

Reviewed papers

1. Pirjola, R. and A. Viljanen, 1989: On geomagnetically-induced currents in the Finnish400 kV power system by an auroral electrojet current. IEEE Transactions on PowerDelivery, 4, 1239-1245, doi:10.1109/61.25609.http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.25609

2. Viljanen, A., 1989: Geomagnetically Induced Currents in the Finnish Natural GasPipeline. Geophysica, 25, 135-159.http://www.geophysica.fi/pdf/geophysica 1989 25 1-2 135 viljanen.pdf

3. Viljanen, A. and R. Pirjola, 1989: Statistics on geomagnetically-induced currents inthe Finnish 400 kV power system based on recordings of geomagnetic variations. J.Geomagn. Geoelectr., 41, 411-420, doi:10.5636/jgg.41.411.http://dx.doi.org/10.5636/jgg.41.411

4. Janhunen, P. and A. Viljanen, 1991: Application of conformal mapping to 2-D con-ductivity structures with non-uniform primary sources. Geophys. J. Int., 105, 185-190, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991.tb03454.x.http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991.tb03454.x

5. Nevanlinna, H., A. Ketola, A. Viljanen, L. Hakkinen and K. Ivory, 1993: Geomagneticactivity during solar cycle 9 (1844-1856). Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 743-746, doi:10.1029/93GL00836.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93GL00836

6. Viljanen, A., R. Pirjola and L. Hakkinen, 1993: An Attempt to Reduce InductionSource Effects at High Latitudes. J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., 45, 817-831, doi: 10.5636/jgg.45.817.http://dx.doi.org/10.5636/jgg.45.817

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7. Viljanen, A. and R. Pirjola, 1994: On the possibility of performing studies on thegeoelectric field and ionospheric currents using induction in power systems. J. Atmos.Terr. Phys., 56, 1483-1491, doi:10.1016/0021-9169(94)90115-5.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(94)90115-5

8. Viljanen, A. and R. Pirjola, 1994: Geomagnetically induced currents in the Finnishhigh-voltage power system - a geophysical review. Surv. Geophys., 15, 383-408, doi:10.1007/BF00665999.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00665999

9. Viljanen, A. and R. Pirjola, 1994: On Possibilities to Extract Scientific Informationfrom Magnetic Field Recordings on the Martian Surface - Global/Regional Viewpoint.Geophysica, 30, 41-56.http://www.geophysica.fi/pdf/geophysica 1994 30 1-2 041 viljanen.pdf

10. Kauristie, K., T.I. Pulkkinen, R.J. Pellinen, P. Janhunen, A. Huuskonen, A. Viljanen,H.J. Opgenoorth, W.J. Heikkila and D.N. Baker, 1995: Analysis of the SubstormTrigger Phase Using Multiple Ground-Based Instrumentation. Geophys. Res. Lett.,22, 2065-2068, doi:10.1029/95GL01800.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95GL01800

11. Viljanen, A., K. Kauristie and K. Pajunpaa, 1995: On induction effects at EISCATand IMAGE magnetometer stations. Geophys. J. Int., 121, 893-906, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb06446.x.http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb06446.x

12. Viljanen, A. and L. Szarka, 1995: Analogue model studies of induction effects atauroral latitudes. Ann. Geophys., 13, 1187-1196, doi:10.1007/s00585-995-1187-4.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-995-1187-4

13. Viljanen, A., 1996: Source Effect on Geomagnetic Induction Vectors in the Fennoscan-dian Auroral Region. J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., 48, 1001-1009, doi:10.5636/jgg.48.1001.http://dx.doi.org/10.5636/jgg.48.1001

14. Lindell, I.V., K.I. Nikoskinen and A. Viljanen, 1997: Electrostatic image method forthe anisotropic half space. IEE Proc.-Sci. Meas. Technol., 144, 156-162, doi: 10.1049/ip-smt:19971317.http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:19971317

15. Viljanen, A., 1997: The relation between geomagnetic variations and their timederivatives and implications for estimation of induction risks. Geophys. Res. Lett.,24, 631-634, doi:10.1029/97GL00538.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97GL00538

16. Pirjola, R. and A. Viljanen, 1998: Complex image method for calculating electric andmagnetic fields produced by an auroral electrojet of finite length. Ann. Geophys.,16, 1434-1444, doi:10.1007/s00585-998-1434-6.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-1434-6

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17. Viljanen, A., 1998: Relation of Geomagnetically Induced Currents and Local Geo-magnetic Variations. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 13, 1285-1290, doi:10.1109/61.714497.http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.714497

18. Amm, O. and A. Viljanen, 1999: Ionospheric disturbance magnetic field continuationfrom the ground to the ionosphere using spherical elementary current systems. EarthPlanets Space, 51, 431-440 doi:10.1186/BF03352247.http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/BF03352247

19. Pirjola, R., A. Viljanen and D. Boteler, 1999: Series expansions for the electric andmagnetic fields produced by a line or sheet current source above a layered earth.Radio Sci., 34, 269-280, doi:10.1029/1998RS900034.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1998RS900034

20. Viljanen, A., O. Amm and R. Pirjola, 1999: Modelling Geomagnetically InducedCurrents During Different Ionospheric Situations. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 28059-28072, doi.10.1029/1999JA900337.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999JA900337

21. Viljanen, A., R. Pirjola and O. Amm, 1999: Magnetotelluric source effect due to 3Dionospheric current systems using the complex image method for 1D conductivitystructures. Earth Planets Space, 51, 933-945.http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/EPS/pdf/5109/51090933.pdf

22. Amm, O., P. Janhunen, H.J. Opgenoorth, T.I. Pulkkinen and A. Viljanen, 2000:Ionospheric Shear Flow Situations Observed by the MIRACLE Network, and theConcept of Harang Discontinuity. AGU monograph on Magnetospheric Current Sys-tems, 118, 227-236, doi:10.1029/GM118p0227.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/GM118p0227

23. Kallio, E.I., T.I. Pulkkinen, H.E.J. Koskinen, A. Viljanen, J.A. Slavin and K. Ogilvie,2000: Loading-Unloading Processes in the Nightside Ionosphere. Geophys. Res.Lett., 27, 1627-1630, doi:10.1029/1999GL003694.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GL003694

24. Pirjola, R., D. Boteler, A. Viljanen and O. Amm, 2000: Prediction of Geomagneti-cally Induced Currents in Power Transmission Systems. Adv. Space Res., 26, 5-14,doi:10.1016/S0273-1177(99)01019-4.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(99)01019-4

25. Pirjola, R.J., A.T. Viljanen and D.H. Boteler, 2000: Electric field at the seafloordue to a two dimensional ionospheric current. Geophys. J. Int., 140, 286-294, doi:10.1046/j.1365-246x.2000.00029.x.http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2000.00029.x

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26. Sergeev, V.A., J.-A. Sauvaud, D. Popescu, R.A. Kovrazhkin, V.N. Lutsenko, L.M.Zelenyi, M. Syrjasuo, A. Viljanen, T.I. Pulkkinen, K. Kudela, S. Kokubun andT. Mukai, 2000: Plasma sheet ion injections into the auroral bulge: Correlativestudy of spacecraft and observations. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 18465-18481, doi:10.1029/1999JA900435.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999JA900435

27. Amm, O., P. Janhunen, K. Kauristie, H.J. Opgenoorth, T.I. Pulkkinen and A. Vil-janen, 2001: Mesoscale Ionospheric Electrodynamics Observed with the MIRACLENetwork: 1. Analysis of a Pseudobreakup Spiral. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 24675-24690, doi:10.1029/2001JA900072.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JA900072

28. Jackel, B.J., P. Eglitis, E.F. Donovan, A.T. Viljanen, D.D. Wallis, L.R. Cogger andH.J. Opgenoorth, 2001: Observations of highly correlated near-simultaneous mag-netic field perturbations at contraposed ground stations. J. Geophys. Res., 106,25857-25872, doi:10.1029/2001JA000105.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JA000105

29. Kauristie, K., T.I. Pulkkinen, O. Amm, A. Viljanen, M. Syrjasuo, P. Janhunen, S.Massetti, S. Orsini, M. Candidi, J. Watermann, E. Donovan, P. Prikryl, I.R. Mann,P. Eglitis, C. Smith, W.F. Denig, H.J. Opgenoorth, M. Lockwood, M. Dunlop, A.Vaivads and M. Andre, 2001: Ground-based and satellite observations of high-latitudeauroral activity in the dusk sector of the auroral oval. Ann. Geophys., 19, 1683-1696,doi:10.5194/angeo-19-1683-2001.http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-1683-2001

30. Kauristie, K., M.T. Syrjasuo, O. Amm, A. Viljanen, T.I. Pulkkinen and H.J. Opge-noorth, 2001: A statistical study of evening sector arcs and electrojets. Adv. SpaceRes., 28, 1605-1610, doi:10.1016/S0273-1177(01)00480-X.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(01)00480-X

31. Pulkkinen, A., R. Pirjola, D. Boteler, A. Viljanen and I. Yegorov, 2001: Modelling ofspace weather effects on pipelines. J. Appl. Geophys., 48, 233-256, doi:10.1016/S0926-9851(01)00109-4.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0926-9851(01)00109-4

32. Pulkkinen, A., A. Viljanen, K. Pajunpaa and R. Pirjola, 2001: Recordings and occur-rence of geomagnetically induced currents in the Finnish natural gas pipeline network.J. Appl. Geophys., 48, 219-231, doi:10.1016/S0926-9851(01)00108-2.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0926-9851(01)00108-2

33. Tanskanen, E.I., A. Viljanen, T. I. Pulkkinen, R. Pirjola, L. Hakkinen, A. Pulkkinenand O. Amm, 2001: At substorm onset, 40 % of AL comes from underground. J.Geophys. Res., 106, 13119-13134, doi:10.1029/2000JA900135.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JA900135

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34. Toivanen, P.K., D.N. Baker, W.K. Peterson, X. Li, E.F. Donovan, A. Viljanen, A.Keiling, J.R. Wygant and C.A. Kletzing, 2001: Plasma sheet dynamics observed bythe Polar spacecraft in association with substorm onsets. J. Geophys. Res., 106,19117-19130, doi:10.1029/2000JA003020.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JA003020

35. Toivanen, P.K., D.N. Baker, W.K. Peterson, H.J. Singer, N.E. Turner, X. Li, K. Kau-ristie, M. Syrjasuo, A. Viljanen, T.I. Pulkkinen, A. Keiling, J.R. Wygant and C.A.Kletzing, 2001: Reconciliation of the substorm onset determined on the ground and atthe Polar spacecraft. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 107-110, doi:10.1029/2000GL000099.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GL000099

36. Viljanen, A., H. Nevanlinna, K. Pajunpaa and A. Pulkkinen, 2001: Time derivativeof the horizontal geomagnetic field as an activity indicator. Ann. Geophys., 19,1107-1118, doi:10.5194/angeo-19-1107-2001.http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-1107-2001

37. Mann, I.R., I. Voronkov, M. Dunlop, E. Donovan, T.K. Yeoman, D.K. Milling, J.Wild, K. Kauristie, O. Amm, S.D. Bale, A. Balogh, A. Viljanen and H.J. Opgenoorth,2002: Co-ordinated ground-based and Cluster observations of large amplitude globalmagnetospheric oscillations during a fast solar wind speed interval. Ann. Geophys.,20, 405-426, doi:10.5194/angeo-20-405-2002.http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-405-2002

38. Takeuchi, T., T. Araki, A. Viljanen and J. Watermann, 2002: Geomagnetic negativesudden impulses: Interplanetary causes and polarization distribution. J. Geophys.Res., 107, doi:10.1029/2001JA900152.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JA900152

39. Amm, O., M.J. Engebretson, T. Hughes, L. Newitt, A. Viljanen and J. Watermann,2002: A traveling convection vortex event study: Instantaneous ionospheric equiva-lent currents, estimation of field-aligned currents, and the role of induced currents.J. Geophys. Res., 107, 1334, doi:10.1029/2002JA009472.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002JA009472

40. Pirjola, R., A. Pulkkinen and A. Viljanen, 2003: Studies of Space Weather Effectson the Finnish Natural Gas Pipeline and on the Finnish High-Voltage Power System.Adv. Space Res., 31, 795-805, doi:10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00781-0.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00781-0

41. Pulkkinen, A., O. Amm, A. Viljanen and BEAR Working Group, 2003: Ionosphericequivalent current distributions determined with the method of elementary currentsystems. J. Geophys. Res., 108, doi:10.1029/2001JA005085.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JA005085

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42. Pulkkinen, A., Amm, O., Viljanen, A. and BEAR Working Group, 2003: Separationof the geomagnetic variation field into external and internal parts using the sphericalelementary current system method. Earth Planets Space, 55, 117-129.http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/EPS/pdf/2003/5503/55030117.pdf

43. Vanhamaki, H., Amm, O. and Viljanen, A., 2003: One-dimensional upward contin-uation of the ground magnetic field disturbance using spherical elementary currentsystems. Earth Planets Space, 55, 613-625.http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/EPS/pdf/2003/5510/55100613.pdf

44. Apatenkov, S.V., V.A. Sergeev, R. Pirjola and A. Viljanen, 2004: Evaluation ofthe geometry of ionospheric current systems related to rapid geomagnetic variations.Ann. Geophys., 22, 63-72, doi:10.5194/angeo-22-63-2004.http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-63-2004

45. Ritter, P., H. Luhr, A. Viljanen, O. Amm, A. Pulkkinen and I. Sillanpaa, 2004:Ionospheric currents estimated simultaneously from CHAMP satellite and IMAGEground based magnetic field measurements: a statistical study at auroral latitudes.Ann. Geophys., 22, 417-430, doi:10.5194/angeo-22-417-2004.http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-417-2004

46. Viljanen, A., A. Pulkkinen, O. Amm, R. Pirjola, T. Korja, and BEAR WorkingGroup, 2004: Fast computation of the geoelectric field using the method of elementarycurrent systems and planar Earth models. Ann. Geophys., 22, 101-113, doi:10.5194/angeo-22-101-2004.http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-101-2004

47. Sillanpaa, I., H. Luhr, A. Viljanen and P. Ritter, 2004: Quiet-time magnetic varia-tions at high-latitude observatories. Earth Planets Space, 56, 47-65.http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/EPS/pdf/2004/5601/56010047.pdf

48. Ritter, P., H. Luhr, A. Viljanen and S. Maus, 2004: High-latitude ionospheric currentsduring very quiet times: their characteristics and predictability. Ann. Geophys., 22,2001-2014, doi:10.5194/angeo-22-2001-2004.http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-2001-2004

49. Amm, O., A. Aksnes, J. Stadsnes, N. Østgaard, R.R. Vondrak, G.A. Germany, G. Luand A. Viljanen, 2005: Mesoscale ionospheric electrodynamics of omega bands de-termined from ground-based electromagnetic and satellite optical observations. Ann.Geophys., 23, 325-342, doi:10.5194/angeo-23-325-2005.http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-325-2005

50. Pirjola, R., K. Kauristie, H. Lappalainen, A. Viljanen and A. Pulkkinen, 2005: Spaceweather risk. Space Weather, 3, doi:10.1029/2004SW000112.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004SW000112

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51. Vanhamaki, H., A. Viljanen and O. Amm, 2005: Induction Effects on IonosphericElectric and Magnetic Fields. Ann. Geophys., 23, 1735-1746, doi:10.5194/angeo-23-1735-2005.http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-1735-2005

52. Pulkkinen, A., S. Lindahl, A. Viljanen and R. Pirjola, 2005: October 29-31, 2003geomagnetic storm: geomagnetically induced currents and their relation to problemsin the Swedish high-voltage power transmission system. Space Weather, 3, S08C03,doi:10.1029/2004SW000123.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004SW000123

53. Tanskanen, E.I., J.A. Slavin, A.J. Tanskanen, A. Viljanen, T.I. Pulkkinen, H.E.J.Koskinen, A. Pulkkinen and J. Eastwood, 2005: Magnetospheric substorms arestrongly modulated by interplanetary high-speed streams. Geophys. Res. Lett.,32, L16104, doi:10.1029/2005GL023318.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023318

54. Viljanen, A., E.I. Tanskanen and A. Pulkkinen, 2006: Relation between substormcharacteristics and rapid temporal variations of the ground magnetic field. Ann.Geophys., 24, 725-733, doi:10.5194/angeo-24-725-2006.http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-725-2006

55. Juusola, L., O. Amm, O. and A. Viljanen, 2006: One-dimensional spherical elemen-tary current systems and their use for determining ionospheric currents from satellitemeasurements. Earth Planets Space, 58, 667-678.http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/EPS/pdf/2006/5805/58050667.pdf

56. Aminaei, A., F. Honary, A.J. Kavanagh, E. Spanswick and A. Viljanen, 2006: Char-acteristics of night-time absorption spike events. Ann. Geophys., 24, 1887-1904, doi:10.5194/angeo-24-1887-2006.http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5194/angeo-24-1887-2006

57. Pulkkinen, A., A. Viljanen and R. Pirjola, 2006: Estimation of geomagneticallyinduced current levels from different input data. Space Weather, 4, S08005, doi:10.1029/2006SW000229.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006SW000229

58. Viljanen, A., A. Pulkkinen, R. Pirjola, K. Pajunpaa, P. Posio and A. Koistinen,2006: Recordings of geomagnetically induced currents and a nowcasting service ofthe Finnish natural gas pipeline system. Space Weather, 4, S10004, doi:10.1029/2006SW000234.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006SW000234

59. Vanhamaki, H., O. Amm, and A. Viljanen, 2006: New method for solving inductiveelectric fields in the ionosphere. Ann. Geophys., 24, 2573-2582, doi:10.5194/angeo-24-2573-2006.http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-2573-2006

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60. Vanhamaki, H., O. Amm and A. Viljanen, 2007: Role of inductive electric fieldsand currents in dynamical ionospheric situations. Ann. Geophys., 25, 437-455, doi:10.5194/angeo-25-437-2007.http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-437-2007

61. Juusola, L., O. Amm, K. Kauristie and A. Viljanen, 2007: A model for estimatingthe relation between the Hall to Pedersen conductance ratio and ground magneticdata derived from CHAMP satellite statistics. Ann. Geophys., 25, 721-736, doi:10.5194/angeo-25-721-2007.http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-721-2007

62. Trivedi, N.B., I. Vitorello, W. Kabata, S.L.G. Dutra, A.L. Padilha, M.S. Bologna,M.B. Padua, A.P. Soares, G.S. Luz, R. Pirjola and A. Viljanen, 2007: Geomagnet-ically induced currents in an electric power transmission system at low latitudes inBrazil: A case study. Space Weather, 5, S04004, doi:10.1029/2006SW000282.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006SW000282

63. Pulkkinen, A., R. Pirjola and A. Viljanen, 2007: Determination of ground conduc-tivity and system parameters for optimal modeling of geomagnetically induced cur-rent flow in technological systems. Earth Planets Space, 59, 999-1006, doi:10.1186/BF03352040.http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/BF03352040

64. Weygand, J.M., R.L. McPherron, H. Frey, O. Amm, K. Kauristie, A.T. Viljanen andA. Koistinen, 2008: Relation of substorm onset to Harang discontinuity. J. Geophys.Res., 113, A04213, doi:10.1029/2007JA012537.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012537

65. Pulkkinen, A., R. Pirjola and A. Viljanen, 2008: Statistics of extreme geomagneticallyinduced current events. Space Weather, 6, S07001, doi:10.1029/2008SW000388.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008SW000388

66. Wik, M., A. Viljanen, R. Pirjola, A. Pulkkinen, P. Wintoft and H. Lundstedt, 2008:Calculation of Geomagnetically Induced Currents in the 400 kV Power Grid in South-ern Sweden. Space Weather, 6, S07005, doi:10.1029/2007SW000343.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007SW000343

67. Huttunen, K.E.J., S.P. Kilpua, A. Pulkkinen, A. Viljanen and E. Tanskanen, 2008:Solar wind drivers of large geomagnetically induced currents during the solar cycle23. Space Weather, 6, S10002, doi:10.1029/2007SW000374.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007SW000374

68. Viljanen, A., A. Pulkkinen and R. Pirjola, 2008: Prediction of the geomagnetic Kindex based on its previous value. Geophysica, 44, 3-13.http://www.geophysica.fi/pdf/geophysica 2008 44 1-2 003 viljanen.pdf

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69. Thomson, A.W.P., A.J. McKay and A. Viljanen, 2009: A Review of Progress inModelling of Induced Geoelectric and Geomagnetic Fields with Special Regard toInduced Currents. Acta Geophysica, 57, 209-219, doi:10.2478/s11600-008-0061-7.http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11600-008-0061-7

70. Wik, M., R. Pirjola, H. Lundstedt, A. Viljanen, P. Wintoft and A. Pulkkinen, 2009:Space weather events in July 1982 and October 2003 and the effects of geomagneti-cally induced currents on Swedish technical systems. Ann. Geophys., 27, 1775-1787,doi:10.5194/angeo-27-1775-2009.http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-1775-2009

71. Pulkkinen, A., A. Viljanen and R. Pirjola, 2009: Harnessing the celestial batteries.Am. J. Phys., 77(7), 610-613, doi:10.1119/1.3119172.http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.3119172

72. Pulkkinen, A., A. Viljanen, R. Pirjola and L. Hakkinen, 2009: Electromagnetic sourceequivalence and extension of the complex image method for geophysical applications.Progress in Electromagnetic Research B, 16, 57-84, doi:10.2528/PIERB09050902.http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/PIERB09050902

73. Palmroth, M., T.I. Pulkkinen, J. Polvi, A. Viljanen and P. Janhunen, 2009: On theresponse of ionospheric electrojets to solar wind discontinuities. Ann. Geophys., 27,3791-3803, doi:10.5194/angeo-27-3791-2009.http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-3791-2009

74. Ngwira, C.M., L.-A. McKinnell, P.J. Cilliers, A. Viljanen and R. Pirjola, 2009: Lim-itations of the modeling of geomagnetically induced currents in the South Africanpower network. Space Weather, 7, S10002, doi:10.1029/2009SW000478.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009SW000478

75. Kulmala, M., I. Riipinen, T. Nieminen, M. Hulkkonen, L. Sogacheva, H.E. Manninen,P. Paasonen, T. Petaja, M. Dal Maso, P.P. Aalto, A. Viljanen, I. Usoskin, R. Vainio,S. Mirme, A. Mirme, A. Minikin, A. Petzold, U. Horrak, C. Plass-Dulmer, W. Birmiliand V.-M. Kerminen, 2010: Atmospheric data over a solar cycle: no connectionbetween galactic cosmic rays and new particle formation. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10,1885-1898, doi:10.5194/acp-10-1885-2010.http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1885-2010

76. Viljanen, A., A. Koistinen, K. Pajunpaa, R. Pirjola, P. Posio and A. Pulkkinen, 2010:Recordings of Geomagnetically Induced Currents in the Finnish Natural Gas Pipeline- Summary of an 11-year Period. Geophysica, 46, 59-67.http://www.geophysica.fi/pdf/geophysica 2010 46 1-2 059 viljanen.pdf

77. Pulkkinen, T.I., E.I. Tanskanen, A. Viljanen, N. Partamies and K. Kauristie, 2011:Auroral electrojets during deep solar minimum at the end of solar cycle 23. J. Geo-phys. Res., 116, A04207, doi:10.1029/2010JA016098.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JA016098

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78. Tanskanen, E.I., T.I. Pulkkinen, A. Viljanen, K. Mursula, N. Partamies and J.A.Slavin, 2011: From space weather toward space climate time scales: Substorm anal-ysis from 1993 to 2008. J. Geophys. Res., 116, A00I34, doi:10.1029/2010JA015788.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JA015788

79. Weygand, J.M., O. Amm, A. Viljanen, V. Angelopoulos, D. Murr, M.J. Engebretson,H. Gleisner and I. Mann, 2011: Application and validation of the spherical elemen-tary currents systems technique for deriving ionospheric equivalent currents with theNorth American and Greenland ground magnetometer arrays. J. Geophys. Res., 116,A03305, doi:10.1029/2010JA016177.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JA016177

80. Viljanen, A. and E. Tanskanen, 2011: Climatology of rapid geomagnetic variations athigh latitudes over two solar cycles. Ann. Geophys., 9, 1783-1792, doi:10.5194/angeo-29-1783-2011.http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-1783-2011

81. Arajarvi, E., R.J. Pirjola and A. Viljanen, 2011: Effects of neutral point reactorsand series capacitors on geomagnetically induced currents in a high-voltage electricpower transmission system. Space Weather, 9, S11005, doi:10.1029/2011SW000715.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011SW000715

82. Viljanen, A., R. Pirjola, M. Wik, A. Adam, E. Pracser, Ya. Sakharov and Yu.Katkalov, 2012: Continental scale modelling of geomagnetically induced currents. J.Space Weather Space Clim., 2, A17, doi:10.1051/swsc/2012017.http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2012017

83. Viljanen, A. and E. Tanskanen, 2013: High-latitude magnetic fields and their timederivatives: interhemispheric similarities. Earth Planets Space, 65, 45-49, doi:10.5047/eps.2012.05.014.http://dx.doi.org/10.5047/eps.2012.05.014

84. Tsagouri, I., A. Belehaki, N. Bergeot, C. Cid, V. Delouille, T. Egorova, N. Jakowski,I. Kutiev, A. Mikhailov, M. Nunez, M. Pietrella, A. Potapov, R. Qahwaji, Y. Tulunay,P. Velinov and A. Viljanen, 2013: Progress in space weather modeling in an opera-tional environment. J. Space Weather Space Clim., 3, A17, doi:10.1051/swsc/2013037.http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2013037

85. Vanhamaki, H., A. Viljanen, R. Pirjola and O. Amm, 2013: Deriving the geomag-netically induced electric field at the Earth’s surface from the time derivative of thevertical magnetic field. Earth Planets Space, 997-1006, doi:10.5047/eps.2013.03.013.http://dx.doi.org/10.5047/eps.2013.03.013

86. Viljanen, A., R. Pirjola, E. Pracser, S. Ahmadzai and V. Singh, 2013: Geomagneti-cally induced currents in Europe: Characteristics based on a local power grid model.Space Weather, 11, 575-584, doi:10.1002/swe.20098.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/swe.20098

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87. Viljanen, A., R. Pirjola, E. Pracser, J. Katkalov and M. Wik, 2014: Geomagneticallyinduced currents in Europe. Modelled occurrence in a continent-wide power grid. J.Space Weather Space Clim., 4, A09, doi:10.1051/swsc/2014006.http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2014006

88. Myllys, M., A. Viljanen, Ø.A. Rui and T.M. Ohnstad, 2014: Geomagnetically inducedcurrents in Norway: the northernmost high-voltage power grid in the world. J. SpaceWeather Space Clim., 4, A10, doi:10.1051/swsc/2014007.http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2014007

89. Viljanen, A., M. Myllys and H. Nevanlinna, 2014: Russian geomagnetic recordingsin 1850-1862 compared to modern observations. J. Space Weather Space Clim., 4,A11, doi:10.1051/swsc/2014008.http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2014008

90. Juusola, L., G. Facsko, I. Honkonen, P. Janhunen, H. Vanhamaki, K. Kauristie, T.V.Laitinen, S.E. Milan, M. Palmroth, E.I. Tanskanen and A. Viljanen, 2014: Statisticalcomparison of seasonal variations in the GUMICS-4 global MHD model ionosphereand measurements. Space Weather, 11, doi:10.1002/2014SW001082.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014SW001082

91. Juusola, L., A. Viljanen, M. van de Kamp, E.I. Tanskanen, H. Vanhamaki, N. Parta-mies and K. Kauristie, 2015: High-Latitude Ionospheric Equivalent Currents DuringStrong Space Storms: Regional Perspective. Space Weather, 13, 49-60, doi:10.1002/2014SW001139.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014SW001139

92. Wintoft, P., M. Wik and A. Viljanen, 2015: Solar wind driven empirical forecastmodels of the time derivative of the ground magnetic field. J. Space Weather SpaceClim., 5, A7, doi:10.1051/swsc/2015008.http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2015008

93. Juusola, L., K. Kauristie, M. van de Kamp, E.I. Tanskanen, K. Mursula, T. Asikainen,K. Andreeova, N. Partamies, H. Vanhamaki and A. Viljanen, 2015: Solar WindControl of Ionospheric Equivalent Currents and Their Time Derivatives. J. Geophys.Res. Space Physics, 120, 4971-4992, doi:10.1002/2015JA021204.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021204

94. Pulkkinen, A., E. Bernabeu, J. Eichner, A. Viljanen and C. Ngwira, 2015: Regional-scale high-latitude extreme geoelectric fields pertaining to geomagnetically inducedcurrents. Earth, Planets and Space, 67:93, doi:10.1186/s40623-015-0255-6.http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40623-015-0255-6

95. Viljanen, A., P. Wintoft and M. Wik, 2015: Regional estimation of geomagneticallyinduced currents based on the local magnetic or electric field. J. Space Weather SpaceClim., 5, A24, doi:10.1051/swsc/2015022.http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2015022

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96. Ngwira, C.M., A.A. Pulkkinen, E. Bernabeu, J. Eichner, A. Viljanen and G. Crowley,2015: Characteristics of extreme geoelectric fields and their possible causes: Localizedpeak enhancements. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 6916-6921, doi:10.1002/2015GL065061.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065061

97. Wintoft, P., A. Viljanen and M. Wik, 2016: Extreme value analysis of the timederivative of the horizontal magnetic field and computed electric field. Ann. Geo-phys., 34, 485-491, doi:10.5194/angeo-34-485-2016.http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-485-2016

98. Kauristie, K., M. Myllys, N. Partamies, A. Viljanen, P. Peitso, L. Juusola, S. Ah-madzai, V. Singh, R. Keil, U. Martinez, A. Luginin, A. Glover, V. Navarro and T.Raita, 2016: Forecasting auroras from regional and global magnetic field measure-ments. Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 5, 253-262, doi:10.5194/gi-5-253-2016.http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-5-253-2016

99. Pulkkinen, T.I., A.P. Dimmock, A. Lakka, A. Osmane, E. Kilpua, M.E. Myllys, E.ITanskanen and A. Viljanen, 2016: Magnetosheath Control of Solar Wind - Mag-netosphere Coupling Efficiency. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 121, 8728-8739,doi:10.1002/2016JA023011.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023011

100. Prikryl, P., R. Ghoddousi-Fard, J.M. Weygand, A. Viljanen, M. Connors, D.W.Danskin, P.T. Jayachandran, K.S. Jacobsen, Y.L. Andalsvik, E.G. Thomas, J.M.Ruohoniemi, T. Durgonics, K. Oksavik, Y. Zhang, E. Spanswick, M. Aquino andV. Sreeja, 2016: GPS phase scintillation at high latitudes during the geomagneticstorm of March 17-18, 2015. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 121, doi:10.1002/2016JA023171.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023171

101. Kelly, G.S., A. Viljanen, C.D. Beggan and A.W.P. Thomson, 2017: UnderstandingGIC in the UK and French high-voltage transmission systems during severe magneticstorms. Space Weather, 15, 99-114, doi:10.1002/2016SW001469.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016SW001469

102. Pulkkinen, A., E. Bernabeu, A. Thomson, A. Viljanen, R. Pirjola, D. Boteler, J.Eichner, P.J. Cilliers, D. Welling, N.P. Savani, R.S. Weigel, J.J. Love, C. Balch, C.M.Ngwira, G. Crowley, A. Schultz, R. Kataoka, B. Anderson, D. Fugate, J.J. Simpsonand M. MacAlester, 2017: Geomagnetically induced currents: Science, engineeringand applications readiness. Space Weather, 15, 828-856, doi:10.1002/2016SW001501.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016SW001501

103. Barbosa, C.S., R. Caraballo, L. Alves, G.A. Hartmann, C.D. Beggan, A. Viljanen,C.M. Ngwira, A.R.R. Papa and R.J. Pirjola, 2017: The Tsallis statistical distribu-tion applied to geomagnetically induced currents. Space Weather, 15, doi:10.1002/2017SW001631.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017SW001631

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104. Viljanen, A. and R. Pirjola, 2017: Influence of spatial variations of the geoelectricfield on geomagnetically induced currents. J. Space Weather Space Clim., 2017, 7,A22, doi:10.1051/swsc/2017024.http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2017024

105. Tanskanen E.I., K. Snekvik, J.A. Slavin, D. Perez-Suarez, A. Viljanen, M.L. Gold-stein, M.K. Kapyla, R. Hynonen, L.V.T. Hakkinen and K. Mursula, 2017: Solarcycle occurrence of Alfvenic fluctuations and related geo-efficiency. J. Geophys. Res.Space Phys., 122, doi:10.1002/2017JA024385.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024385

Other papers

1. Viljanen, A., 1987: Geomagneettisesti indusoituvat virrat Suomen 400 kV sahkover-kossa (Geomagnetically-induced currents in the Finnish 400 kV power grid). Researchreport for the Imatran Voima Oy power company (in Finnish), IVO R&D-notes, IVO-B-07/87, 47 pp.

2. Viljanen, A., 1988: Geomagneettisesti indusoituvat virrat Suomen maakaasuverkossa(Geomagnetically induced currents in the Finnish natural gas pipe line). Researchreport for the Neste Oy oil company (in Finnish), 43 pp.

3. Elovaara, J., R. Pirjola and A. Viljanen, 1990: Auringonpilkut hairikoita sahkon-siirrossa (Sunspots as trouble makers in the transmission of electricity). Voimaviesti(in Finnish), 2/1990, 7-9.

4. Kauristie, K., T. Ernst, J. Jankowski, A. Viljanen, J. Kultima and R. Pirjola, 1990:Homogeneity of geomagnetic variations at the Sodankyla Observatory. Veroffent-lichungen des Geophysikalischen Observatoriums der Finnischen Akademie der Wis-senschaften, Nr 76, 23 pp.

5. Pirjola, R.J. and A.T. Viljanen, 1991: Geomagnetic Induction in the Finnish 400kV Power System. Proceedings of the URSI Tokyo Symposium on Environmentaland Space Electromagnetics (ed. H. Kikuchi), Tokyo, Japan, September 4-6, 1989,276-287.

6. Viljanen, A. and R. Pirjola, 1991: Use of GIC’s in studies of ionospheric-magneto-spheric currents and the earth’s structure. Proceedings of the 11th Annual Interna-tional Geoscience & Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS’91), Helsinki Universityof Technology, Espoo, Finland, June 3-6, 1991, III, 1687-1690.

7. Elovaara, J., P. Lindblad, A. Viljanen, T. Makinen, R. Pirjola, S. Larsson and B.Kielen, 1992: Geomagnetically induced currents in the Nordic power system andtheir effects on equipment, control, protection and operation. Paper 36-301 of theProceedings of the CIGRE 1992 Session, 30 August - 5 September, 1992, Paris, 11pp.

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8. Nevanlinna, H., A. Ketola, A. Viljanen, L. Hakkinen and K. Ivory, 1992: MagneticResults from Helsinki Magnetic-Meteorological Observatory. Part II. GeomagneticActivity 1844-1856. Finnish Meteorological Institute Geophysical Publications, No.30, 65 pp.

9. Pirjola, R., A. Viljanen, L. Hakkinen and K. Kauristie, 1992: The source field problemof EM studies in the northern part of the Baltic Shield. Proceedings of the JubileeSymposium of the 10 years Finnish-Soviet co-work in geoelectrics, Oulu, December18-19, 1991 (ed. P. Kaikkonen). Department of Geophysics, University of Oulu,Report No. 18.

10. Pirjola, R., A. Viljanen and T. Makinen, 1992: Studies on geomagnetically inducedcurrents in the Finnish high-voltage power transmission system. Radioscientist, 3,39-43.

11. Pirjola, R., A. Viljanen and T. Makinen, 1992: On geomagnetically induced currentsin power transmission systems. Proceedings of International Symposium on Elec-tromagnetic Compatibility (ed. Zhang Linchang and Sha Fei), Beijing, China, May25-27, 1992, International Academic Publishers, 444-447.

12. Viljanen, A., 1992: Geomagnetically induced currents in the Finnish natural gaspipeline. Proceedings of the 12th Scandinavian Corrosion Congress & EUROCORR’92(ed. P.J. Tunturi), 31 May-4 June 1992 in Espoo, Finland, II, 373-381.

13. Viljanen, A., 1992: Geomagnetic induction in a one- or two-dimensional earth due tohorizontal ionospheric currents. Finnish Meteorological Institute Contributions, No.7, 136 pp.

14. Makinen, T., A. Viljanen and R. Pirjola, 1993: Results obtained in the Finnish GICproject. Proceedings of the Solar Terrestrial Workshop in Ottawa, Canada, May18-22, 1992 (ed. J. Hruska, M.A. Shea, D.F. Smart and G. Heckman), I, 238-242.

15. Pirjola, R., T. Makinen and A. Viljanen, 1993: A project on geomagnetically inducedcurrents. Proceedings of the 10th International Zurich Symposium and TechnicalExhibition on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 9-11 March 1993, 111-116.

16. Viljanen, A., T. Makinen and R. Pirjola, 1993: Geomagneettisesti indusoituvat vir-rat Suomen suurjanniteverkossa (in Finnish). XVI Geofysiikan Paivat ja Kaukokar-toituksen Paivat (ed. S. Mertanen, A. Laiho and S. Tattari), Espoo 11.-12.5.1993,181-183.

17. Viljanen, A., 1993: Prediction of geomagnetically induced currents. Proceedings ofthe International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Applications in Solar-TerrestrialPhysics (ed. J. Joselyn, H. Lundstedt and J. Trolinger), Lund, Sweden, September22-24, 1993, 193-198.

18. Viljanen, A., R. Pirjola and T. Makinen, 1994: Discussion on the paper ”Geomag-netically induced currents: present knowledge and future research” by D.H. Boteler

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presented at IEEE PES Winter Meeting, Columbus, Ohio, Jan 31-Feb 5, 1993. IEEETransactions on Power Delivery, 9, 57.

19. Viljanen, A. and R. Pirjola, 1995: Finnish Geomagnetically Induced Currents Project.IEEE Power Engineering Review, 15, 20-21, doi:10.1109/MPER.1995. 350419.http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MPER.1995.350419

20. Viljanen, A. and K. Kauristie, 1996: Study of double electrojets using a long magne-tometer chain. Proceedings of the planning meeting for joint studies with Ørsted, theEISCAT incoherent scatter radars and other ground based instruments (Sodankyla,18.-19.4.1996) (ed. H. Ranta, E. Turunen and M. Hamalainen), 55-61.

21. Kauristie, K., T.I. Pulkkinen, A. Viljanen, R.J. Pellinen, D. Wallis and S. Ven-nerstrøm, 1997: Preliminary studies on a new oval index: Comparisons of AE andmeridional magnetometer chains. Satellite - Ground Based Coordination Sourcebook(eds. M. Lockwood, M.N. Wild and H.J. Opgenoorth). ESA publications SP-1198,35-48.

22. Viljanen, A. and L. Hakkinen, 1997: IMAGE magnetometer network. Satellite -Ground Based Coordination Sourcebook (eds. M. Lockwood, M.N. Wild and H.J.Opgenoorth). ESA publications SP-1198, 111-117.

23. Viljanen, A. and K. Pajunpaa, 1997: IMAGE-magnetometriverkko ja sen kaytto geo-magneettisissa induktiotutkimuksissa (in Finnish). Proceedings of XVIII GeofysiikanPaivat, 147-152.

24. Laakso, H., H. Opgenoorth, T. Pulkkinen, A. Viljanen, M. Brittnacher, J.A. Slavin,J.W. Gjerloev, N.J. Fox and R.P. Lepping, 1998: Auroral disturbances producedby brief intervals of southward IMF. Proceedings of International Conference onSubstorms-4 (eds. S. Kokubun and Y. Kamide), 283-286.

25. Lindell, I.V., K.I. Nikoskinen and A. Viljanen, 1998: Heaviside operator method andthe electromagnetic image principle for the anisotropic half space. Proceedings of theInternational Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory, Vol. II, 775-777.

26. Pirjola, R., A. Viljanen, D. Boteler and O. Amm, 1998: Geomagnetically induced cur-rents in power transmission systems. URSI/Remote Sensing Club of Finland/IEEE,XXIII Convention on Radio Sci. and Remote Sensing Symposium (eds. J. Praks andM. Hallikainen). Report 35, Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of SpaceScience, 125-126.

27. Syrjasuo, M.T., T.I. Pulkkinen, P. Janhunen, A. Viljanen, R.J. Pellinen, K. Kauristie,H.J. Opgenoorth, S. Wallman, P. Eglitis, P. Karlsson, O. Amm, E. Nielsen andC. Thomas, 1998: Observations of substorm electrodynamics using the MIRACLEnetwork. Proceedings of International Conference on Substorms-4 (eds. S. Kokubunand Y. Kamide), 111-114.

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28. Viljanen, A., R. Pirjola and O. Amm, 1998: Fast calculation of geomagneticallyinduced fields applying the complex image method. Extended abstracts of the 8thNational Electromagnetics Meeting, STUK-A156, 9-11.

29. Amm, O. and A. Viljanen, 1999: Curl-free and divergence-free vector basis functionson a sphere and their application for deriving ionospheric equivalent currents fromthe ground magnetic field. Extended abstracts of the 9th Finnish ElectromagneticsMeeting (eds. J. Fagerholm and J. Rahola), CSC reports, 9-10.

30. Koskinen, H., L. Eliasson, B. Holback, L. Andersson, A. Eriksson, A. Malkki, O. Nor-berg, T. Pulkkinen, A. Viljanen, J.-E. Wahlund and J.-G. Wu, 1999: Space Weatherand Interactions with Spacecraft. SPEE Final Report. Finnish Meteorological Insti-tute Reports, 1999:4, 191 pp.

31. Pirjola, R., A. Pulkkinen, A. Viljanen, H. Nevanlinna and K. Pajunpaa, 1999: StudyExplores Space Weather Risk to Natural Gas Pipeline in Finland. EOS Transactions,80, 332-333, doi.10.1029/99EO00249.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/99EO00249

32. Pirjola, R., A. Viljanen, O. Amm and A. Pulkkinen, 1999: Power and pipelines(ground systems). Proceedings of the Workshop on Space Weather, 11-13 November1998, ESTEC, Noordwijk. The Netherlands, 45-52.

33. Pulkkinen, A., R. Pirjola, A. Viljanen and D. Boteler, 1999: Modelling of spaceweather effects on pipelines. Extended abstracts of the 9th Finnish ElectromagneticsMeeting (eds. J. Fagerholm and J. Rahola), CSC, 26-27.

34. Kauristie, K., O. Amm, E.I. Kallio, P. Janhunen and A. Viljanen, 2000: Ground-based space weather observations using the MIRACLE system. Abstracts of theURSI XXV National Convention on Radio Sci. (eds. A. Viljanen, R. Pirjola andT.J. Tuomi). Finnish Meteorological Institute Reports, 2000:5, 79-80.

35. Kauristie, K., A. Viljanen, A. Pulkkinen, O. Amm, P. Janhunen, T.I. Pulkkinen, R.Pirjola, R.J. Pellinen and M. Brittnacher, 2000: On the coordinated use of MIRACLEand satellite observations - a case study of a space weather event. Proc. Cluster-IIWorkshop on Multiscale/Multipoint Plasma Measurements, London, 22-24 Septem-ber 1999, ESA SP-449, 295-298.

36. Pirjola, R., A. Viljanen, A. Pulkkinen and O. Amm, 2000: Space Weather Risk inPower Systems and Pipelines. Phys. Chem. Earth (C), 25, 333-337, doi:10.1016/S1464-1917(00)00027-1.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1917(00)00027-1

37. Pulkkinen, A., K. Pajunpaa, A. Viljanen, R. Pirjola, D. Boteler and L. Trichtchenko,2000: Project on geomagnetically induced currents in the Finnish natural gas pipelinenetwork. Abstracts of the URSI XXV National Convention on Radio Sci. (eds. A.Viljanen, R. Pirjola and T.J. Tuomi). Finnish Meteorological Institute Reports,2000:5, 83-84.

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38. Pulkkinen, A., A. Viljanen, R. Pirjola and BEAR Working Group, 2000: Largegeomagnetically induced currents in the Finnish high-voltage power system. FinnishMeteorological Institute Reports, 2000:2, 99 pp.

39. Viljanen, A., E.I. Kallio, T.I. Pulkkinen, R. Pirjola, L. Hakkinen, A. Pulkkinenand O. Amm, 2000: About the correct interpretation of geomagnetic recordingsin ionospheric studies. Extended abstracts of the 10th Finnish ElectromagneticsMeeting (ed. J. Rahola), Nokia Research Center, Helsinki, Finland, September 5,2000, 19-20.

40. Pulkkinen, A., O. Amm, A. Viljanen and BEAR Working Group, 2001: Ionosfaarinekvivalenttivirtojen kaytto avaruussaan maanpintavaikutusten tutkimuksessa (inFinnish). Proceedings of XX Geofysiikan Paivat, 179-184.

41. Viljanen, A., 2001: Avaruussaasta (in Finnish). Avaruusluotain, 35, 12-16.

42. Viljanen, A., H. Nevanlinna, K. Pajunpaa and A. Pulkkinen, 2001: Maan magneet-tikentan vaihteluiden erikoispiirteet suuria maanpintavaikutuksia aiheuttavien ava-ruussaamyrskyjen aikana (in Finnish). Proceedings of XX Geofysiikan Paivat, 245-250.

43. Viljanen, A., R. Pirjola, and A. Pulkkinen, 2001: Scientist’s thoughts about theforecasting problem of geomagnetically induced currents. Proceedings of the SpaceWeather Workshop: Looking towards a European Space Weather Programme, 17-19December 2001, ESTEC, p. 227-229.

44. Viljanen, A., Pulkkinen, A., Amm, O., Pirjola, R. and BEAR Working Group, 2001:Fast computation of the geoelectric field at auroral latitudes. Extended abstracts ofthe 11th Finnish Electromagnetics Meeting, University of Vaasa, August 23, 2001(eds. E. Lahderanta and M. Vesapuisto), p. 20-21.

45. Vassiliadis, D., A.J. Klimas, B.-H. Ahn, R.J. Parks, A. Viljanen and K. Yumoto, 2002:High-latitude electrodynamics from a multi-array nonlinear geomagnetic model.COSPAR Colloquia Ser., Vol. 12 on Space Weather Study using Multi-point Tech-niques, Edited Ling-Hsiao Lyu, Pergamon Press, p. 231-236.

46. Kauristie, K., K. Liou, L. Lazutin, O. Amm, A. Viljanen, P.T. Newell and J. Wey-gand, 2002: What is the interrelation between polar cap and substorm processes?Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Substorms (ed. R.M. Winglee),University of Washington, Seattle, March 25-29, 2002, p. 71-78.

47. Korja, T., S.-E. Hjelt, P. Kaikkonen, E. Kozlovskaya, I. Lahti, K. Pajunpaa, A.Pulkkinen, A. Viljanen and the BEAR Working Group, 2002: Crust and upper man-tle beneath Fennoscandia as imaged by the Baltic Electromagnetic Array Research(BEAR). Lithosphere 2002 symposium, Espoo 12.-13.11.2002, ed. R. Lahtinen, A.Korja, K. Arhe, O. Eklund, S.-E. Hjelt and L. Pesonen, 146 pp., p. 41-48.

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48. Pulkkinen, A., A. Thomson, E. Clarke, A. McKay and A. Viljanen, 2002: April 2000storm: ionospheric drivers of large GIC. Proceedings of the URSI XXVII GeneralAssembly (CD-ROM), 4 pp.

49. Viljanen, A., A. Pulkkinen and R. Pirjola, 2002: General mechanisms of geomag-netically induced currents in power systems and pipelines. Proceedings of the URSIXXVII General Assembly (CD-ROM), 4 pp.

50. Amm, O., A. Viljanen, A. Pulkkinen, I. Sillanpaa, and H. Vanhamaki, 2003: Methodsfor combined ground-based and space-based analysis of ionospheric current systems.OIST-4 Proceedings (4th Oersted International Science Team Conference, Copen-hagen 23-27 September 2002) (eds. P. Stauning et al.), p. 181-184.

51. Viljanen, A., O. Amm, H. Luhr, A. Pulkkinen, P. Ritter and I. Sillanpaa, 2003:Determination of 2-D ionospheric equivalent currents using the ground magnetic fieldand the method of spherical elementary current systems. OIST-4 Proceedings (4thOersted International Science Team Conference, Copenhagen 23-27 September 2002)(eds. P. Stauning et al.), p. 185-188.

52. Viljanen, A., O. Amm, H. Luhr, A. Pulkkinen, P. Ritter and I. Sillanpaa, 2003:Maanpinta- ja satelliittihavainnoista maaritettyjen ionosfaarivirtojen vertailu. Pro-ceedings of XXI Geofysiikan paivat, Oulu 22-23.5. 2003 (eds. K. Kaila and T. Korja),p. 163-166.

53. Juusola, L., O. Amm and A. Viljanen, 2004: 1D spherical elementary current sys-tems and their use for determining ionospheric currents from satellite measurements.Proceedings of Sahkomagnetiikka 2004 (ed. L. Puska), p. 14-15.

54. Pirjola, R., A. Viljanen, A. Pulkkinen, S. Kilpua and O. Amm, 2004: Ground Effectsof Space Weather. In: Effects of Space Weather on Technology Infrastructure (ed. I.A.Daglis), NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, Vol. 176,p. 235-256.

55. Viljanen, A., A. Pulkkinen and R. Pirjola, 2005: Gasum Now! Reaaliaikaista ava-ruussaapalvelua (in Finnish). XXII Geofysiikan Paivat, p. 259-262.

56. Malkki, A., K. Kauristie and A. Viljanen, 2006: Auroras Now! Final Report, VolumeI. Finnish Meteorological Institute Reports 2006:1, 73 p.https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/1112

57. Viljanen, A., A. Pulkkinen and R. Pirjola, 2007: Geomagneettisesti indusoituvatvirrat ja magneettiset aktiivisuusindeksit (in Finnish). XXII Geofysiikan Paivat,p. 181-186.

58. Pirjola, R.J., A.T. Viljanen and A.A. Pulkkinen, 2007: Research of geomagneticallyinduced currents (GIC) in Finland. Proceedings of the 7-th International Symposiumon Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electromagnetic Ecology, Saint-Petersburg,Russia, June 26-29, 2007, p. 269 -272.

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59. Lundstedt, H., P. Wintoft, M. Wik, L. Eliasson, R. Pirjola, A. Pulkkinen, A. Vilja-nen and A. Sjodin, 2007: Real-Time Forecast Service for Geomagnetically InducedCurrents. Final Report, ESTEC Contract Number 16953/02/NL/LvH, 23 p.

60. Geomagnetically Induced Current Estimation in the Wisconsin 345-kV Power Grid.EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2008. 1018125. Principal investigators: E. Arajarvi and A.Viljanen.

61. Pulkkinen, A. and A. Viljanen, 2008: The complex spatiotemporal dynamics of iono-spheric currents. In: COST 724 final report. Developing the scientific basis formonitoring, modelling and predicting Space Weather (eds. J. Lilensten, A. Belehaki,M. Messerotti, R. Vainio, J. Watermann and S. Poedts), p. 276-279, COST Office,EUR 23348.

62. Thomson, A.W.P., A.J. McKay and A. Viljanen, 2008: A Review of Progress inModeling Induced Geoelectric and Geomagnetic Fields. In: COST 724 final re-port. Developing the scientific basis for monitoring, modelling and predicting SpaceWeather (eds. J. Lilensten, A. Belehaki, M. Messerotti, R. Vainio, J. Watermannand S. Poedts), p. 280-285, COST Office, EUR 23348.

63. Viljanen, A., R. Pirjola, A. Pulkkinen, D. Boteler, H. Lundstedt, L. Trichtchenkoand A. Thomson, 2008: Space Weather European Network GIC servers. In: COST724 final report. Developing the scientific basis for monitoring, modelling and pre-dicting Space Weather (eds. J. Lilensten, A. Belehaki, M. Messerotti, R. Vainio, J.Watermann and S. Poedts), p. 291-294, COST Office, EUR 23348.

64. Viljanen, A., R. Pirjola, A. Pulkkinen, Ya. Sakharov, A. Thomson, V. Weszter-gom, M. Wik ja P. Wintoft, 2011: EURISGIC: Avaruussaa ja Euroopan korkea-janniteverkot (in Finnish). XXV Geofysiikan Paivat, p. 125-128.

65. Viljanen, A., 2011: European Project to Improve Models of Geomagnetically InducedCurrents. Space Weather, 9, S07007, doi:10.1029/2011SW000680.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011SW000680

66. Viljanen, A., 2012: Description of the magnetospheric/ionospheric sources. In: TheMagnetotelluric Method. Theory and Practice (eds. A.D. Chave and A.G. Jones),p. 96-121, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-81927-5.

67. Viljanen, A., R. Pirjola, I. Honkonen, A. Thomson, E. Clarke, M. Wik, P. Wintoft,V. Wesztergom, E. Pracser, Ya. Sakharov, Yu. Katkalov and A. Pulkkinen, 2012:EURISGIC: European Risk from Geomagnetically Induced Currents. In: Let’s Em-brace Space, Vol. II, European Commission, p. 482-485, ISBN 978-92-79-22207-8,doi:10.2769/31208.

68. Viljanen, A., R. Pirjola, I. Honkonen, A. Thomson, E. Clarke, M. Wik, P. Wintoft,V. Wesztergom, E. Pracser, Ya. Sakharov, J. Katkalov and A. Pulkkinen, 2013:Continental Scale Modelling of Geomagnetically Induced Currents. Proceedings of

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XXXIII Finnish URSI Convention on Radio Science and SMARAD Seminar, Espoo,Finland, 24-25 Apr 2013, p. 197-200.

69. Myllys, M. and A. Viljanen, 2013: Geomagnetically induced currents in the Norwe-gian power grid. XXVI Geofysiikan Paivat, Helsinki 21.-22.5.2013, p. 73-76.

70. Viljanen A., R. Pirjola, E. Pracser, J. Katkalov and M. Wik, 2013: Occurrenceof geomagnetically induced currents in European high-voltage power grids. XXVIGeofysiikan Paivat, Helsinki 21.-22.5.2013, p. 151-154.

71. Karttunen, V., M. Halonen, J. Vanhanen, T. Raivio, J. Lunabba, H. Gregow, S.Saku, P. Jokinen, I. Lehtonen, K. Ruosteenoja, H. Pellikka, J. Vainio, E. Tanskanen,P. Peitso, T. Laitinen, A. Viljanen ja R. Hynonen, 2013: Aarevien saa- ja avaru-ussaailmioiden vaikutus kriittisiin infrastruktuureihin. Huoltovarmuuskeskuksen ra-portti (in Finnish).http://www.huoltovarmuus.fi/static/pdf/637.pdf

Papers accepted for publication

Lecture notes

1. Viljanen, A. and A. Malkki, 1994: Elektrodynamiikan sovellutukset (Applications ofelectrodynamics). Lecture notes in theoretical physics at the University of Helsinki(in Finnish).

2. Koskinen, H. and Viljanen, A., 2002-2008: Elektrodynamiikka (Electrodynamics).Lecture notes in theoretical physics at the University of Helsinki (in Finnish).http://space.fmi.fi/∼viljanea/ed2008/

3. Viljanen, A., 2005: Applications in electrodynamics. Lecture notes in theoreticalphysics at the University of Helsinki.http://space.fmi.fi/∼viljanea/eds2005/

Editorial tasks

1. Viljanen, A. (editor), 1998: Avaruussaa. Muistio tutkimusseminaarista (Space weather.Notes of a research seminar) (in Finnish). Finnish Meteorological Institute, 33 p.

2. Viljanen, A., R. Pirjola and T.J. Tuomi (editors), 2000: Abstracts of the URSI XXVNational Convention on Radio Science. Finnish Meteorological Institute Reports,2000:5, 108 p.https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/1110

3. Viljanen, A. and P. Mantyniemi (editors), 2005: XXII Geofysiikan Paivat (Proceed-ings book in Finnish), 275 s.http://www.geofysiikanseura.fi/pdf/GFP2005 kirja.pdf

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4. Viljanen, A. (editor), 2006: Sahkomagnetiikka 2006. Tiivistelmat - Abstracts. FinnishMeteorological Institute Reports 2006:5, 30 p.https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/356

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