List of Latin words with English derivatives 1

List of Latin words with English derivativesThis is a list of Latin words with derivatives in English (and other modern languages).Ancient orthography did not distinguish between i and j or between u and v. Many modern works distinguish u fromv but not i from j. In this article both distinctions are shown as they are helpful when tracing the origin of Englishwords. See also Latin spelling and pronunciation.

This list is incomplete.

Nouns and adjectivesThe citation form for nouns (the one normally shown in Latin dictionaries) is the Latin nominative singular, but thistypically does not exhibit the root form from which English nouns are generally derived.

Latin Nouns and Adjectives

Citation form Declining stem Meaning English derivative

acerbus acerb- bitter acerbic

acētum acēt- vinegar acetic

aedificium aedifici- building edifice

alacer alacr- quick alacrity

albus alb- white album, albino

alius ali- other alien, alias

anima anim- soul, life animate, animal

animus anim- mind, anger animosity

annus ann- year annual, annuity

ānser ānser- goose anserine

aqua aqu- water aquamarine, aquatic

audāx audāc- brave, bold audacious

auris aur- ear aural

avis avi- bird avian, aviary

bellum bell- war bellicose, belligerence, antebellum

bonus– melior– optimus

bon-– melior-– optim-

good– better– best

bonus– ameliorate– optimist

bōs bov- cow bovine

calx calc- stone calculus

canis can- dog canine, canid

cervīx cervīc- neck cervix

cīvis cīv- citizen civil, civilian

clāvicula clāvicul- little key clavicle

coniūnx coniug- spouse conjugal

cornū corn- horn unicorn, capricorn

deus de- god deity, deification

List of Latin words with English derivatives 2

diēs diē- day diary, quotidian

discipulus discipul- student disciple

dominus domin- lord dominion, dominate, domain

domus dom- house domestic, domicile

equus equ- horse equestrian

falx falc- sickle falcate

fēlēs (or fēlis) fēl- cat feline

fēmina fēmin- woman feminine, effeminate

fīlius fīli- son filial, affiliation

fīnis fīni- limit infinite, final

flōs flōr- flower floral, florist

folium foli- leaf folio, foliage, portfolio

fōrma fōrm- form, shape, beauty formal, information

fors fort- luck fortune, fortuitous

fortis fort- strength fortitude, fortify, effort

frāter frātr- brother fratricide, fraternity

frōns front- forehead front,frontal

frūx frūg- fruit frugal

fūmus fūm- smoke fume

genus gen- birth, offspring, creation generation, genuine

homō homin- man (human being) hominid

ignis ign- fire ignite, ignition

īnsula īnsul- island insulate, peninsula

iūdex iūdic- judge judge, judicial, adjudicate

iūs iūr- right, law justice, jurisdiction

lacrima lacrim- tear lachrymose

lēx lēg- law legal, alleged

lūna lūn- moon lunar, lunatic

lupus lup- wolf lupine

magister magistr- master magistrate

magnus– māior– maximus

magn-– māior-– maxim-

big– bigger– biggest

magnitude– major– maximum

malus– peior–pessimus

mal-– peior-– pessim

bad– worse– worst

malevolence, malice, malignant–pejorative–pessimist

manus manu- hand, band of men manual, manuscript

mare mar- sea marine, maritime

māter mātr- mother matron, maternal

mora mor- delay moratorium

nihil nihil- nothing nil, nihilism, annihilate

List of Latin words with English derivatives 3

nox noct- night nocturnal

oculus ocul- eye inoculate, ocular

onus oner- load exonerate, onus

pater patr- father patron, paternal

pavīmentum pavīment- ground pavement

pēs ped- foot pedestrian

prior– prīmus

prior-– prīm-

former– first

priority– prime

pulcher pulchr- beautiful pulchritude

punctum pun(c)t- point punctuation, punctual, contrapuntal

rēx rēg- king regal

rūs rūr- farm rural, rustic

sinister sinistr- left sinister

terra terr- land terrain, terrestrial

unda und- wave undulate, inundate

urbs urb- city urban, suburb

ursus urs- bear ursine

vehiculum vehicul- wagon vehicle, vehicular

vērus ver- truth veracity, verify, verity

vīlla vill- country house village, villa

vir vir- man (male person) virile

vulpēs vulp- fox vulpine

VerbsIn some Latin verbs, a preposition caused a vowel change in the root of the verb. For example, "capiō" becomes"incipio".

Latin Verbs

Citation form Presentstem

Perfect stem Participial stem Meaning Typical derivative

agō ag- eg- āct- do action, agenda, agent

amō am- amav- amat- like, love amateur, enamor

audiō aud- audiv- audit- hear audible

capiō-cipiō

cap- cep--cip-

capt--cept-

take capable, captive, recipient,reception

cēdō cēd- cess- yield, depart recede, recession

cogitō cogit- cogitav- cogitat- think, ponder cogitate

colligo collig- collegi collect- collect collect

claudō-clūdō

claud--clūd-

claus--clūs-

close conclude, conclusive

clinō clin- clinat- lean inclination, recline

List of Latin words with English derivatives 4

cubō cub- cubat- lie incubator

currō curr- cucurr- curs- run current, recursion

dō d- ded- dat--dit-

give add, dative, editor

doleō dol- dolui dolit- grieve dolor, condolence

dubitō dubit- dubitav- dubitat- doubt indubitable

eō e- i- it- go ambition, obituary

faciō-ficiō

fac- fec--fic-

fact--fect-

make effective, facile, factory

ferō fer- tul- lāt- bring fertile, refer, relate

fīgō fīg- fīx- fix- fix crucifixion

findō find- fiss- cleave, split fission

fingō fing- fict- fashion, invent fiction

flectō flect- flex- bend deflect, reflex

flō fl- flat- blow inflate

fluō flu- flux- flow effluent, influx

for f- fat- say, speak affable, infant

gradior-gredior

gradi--gredi-

gress--gress-

none step ingredient, progressive

gustō gust- gustav- gustat- taste gustation

iaciō-iciō

iac- iec-(j)ic-

jact--ject-

throw inject, projectile

laudō laud- laudav- laudat- praise laud, laudable

linquō linqu- liqu- lict- abandon derelict, relinquish

locō loc- locav- locat- place, put location

lūdō lūd- lūs- play collude, collusion

mergō merg- mers- dip emerge, immerse

mittō mitt- mīs- miss- send commit, missive

moveō mov- mov- mot- move motion, motive, motor, move

nascor nasci natus none be born nascent, natal, prenatal

necō nec- necav- necat- dead

nōscō-gnōscō

nōsc--gnōsc-

nosc- nōt--gnōt-, -gnit-

know notablecognitive

nuntiō nunt- nuntiav- nuntiat- bring news of, announce announce

petō pet- petiv- petit- seek, attack compete, petulant

pōnō pōn- posu- posit- put component, position

portō port- portat- carry deport, portage

premō-primō

prem- press- press- push imprimatur, oppress, pressure

pugnō pugn- pugnav- pugnat- fight pugnacious

putō put- putav- putat- think compute, putative

List of Latin words with English derivatives 5

rideō ris- laugh, smile derision, ridiculous

rumpō rump- rup- rupt- break interrupt, rupture

sciō sci- sciv- scit- know science

scrībō scrīb- scrips- scrīpt- write describe, scripture, scribble

sedeō sede- sed- sess- sit sedentary, sediment, session

sequor sequ- secut- sum follow consecutive, sequence

sum es- fu- futur- be essence, future

teneō ten- ten- ten- have tenet, maintain, retain, sustain

veniō ven- vent- come convene, prevention

vertō vert- vers- vers- turn reverse, revert, version

videō vidē- vid- vīs- see video, vision

vivō viv- vix- vict- live vivacity, victim, victorious

volō vell- volu- wish benevolent, malevolent, volition

volvō volv- volūt- roll evolve, revolution

voveō vov- vot- vow votive

Prepositions used to form compound words

Latin Prepositions

Word Meaning Prefixes

ā, ab away from ab-, a-, abs-, as-

ad to, toward ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-, ar-

(ambi) around ambi-, amb-

ante before ante-, anti-

circum around circum-

cis this side of cis-

contrā against, opposite to contra-, contro-

cum together, with con-, co-, col-, com-, cor-

dē down from de-

dis- apart dis-, di-, dif-, dir-

ex, ē from, out of ex-, e-, ef-

extrā outside extra-

in in, into in-, il-, im-, ir-

īnfrā below infra-

inter among, between inter-, intel-

intrā within intra-, intro-

iuxtā beside juxta-

ob, obs toward, against, in the way of, by reason of ob-, oc-, of-, op-

paene almost pen-

List of Latin words with English derivatives 6

per thorough, through per-

post after, behind post-

prae before pre-

praeter by, past preter-

prō for, in front of pro-, por-, prod-

(re) again, back re-, red-

sē apart, without se-, sed-

sub from below, under, up to, close to sub-, su-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sus-

subter beneath subter

super above, over super-

suprā above, more than supra-

trāns across trans-, tra-, tran-

ultrā beyond ultra-

See also• Hybrid word• Classical compound• Latin• Latin influence in English• List of Greek words with English derivatives• List of Latin phrases

External links• Latin terms used by the Legion of Mary [1]

• The New Perseus Search Engine/Word Study Tool [2]

• The Old Persus Latin Morphology Tool [3]

• Online Etymology Dictionary (English) [4]

• The Latin Lexicon - Word Study Tool [5]

References[1] http:/ / www. legionofmarytidewater. com/ latin. htm[2] http:/ / www. perseus. tufts. edu/ hopper/ search[3] http:/ / www. perseus. tufts. edu/ cgi-bin/ resolveform?lang=Latin[4] http:/ / www. etymonline. com/[5] http:/ / latinlexicon. org/ word_study_tool. php

Article Sources and Contributors 7

Article Sources and ContributorsList of Latin words with English derivatives  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=378533550  Contributors: 5ko, Adam78, Aeusoes1, Ajd, Andy85719, Antonielly, AntonioLopez, Appraiser, Aquarius Rising, Archibald Fitzchesterfield, Awxdotcom, Beno1000, Bentley4, Blackhawk70, BlankVerse, Caleb Torres, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, CaveatLector, Che829,ChristopherWillis, Cman, Conversion script, Courcelles, DCEdwards1966, DanPMK, DavidMandelberg, Dbachmann, DeltaQuad, Dominic, EagleOne, Efesar, Enviroboy, Enzo Aquarius,Fengshui, Fodient, Furrykef, Glenn, GoGi, Graham87, Greatgavini, Green caterpillar, HappyCamper, Henrygb, Holyhollister, Ihcoyc, Impetus, J.delanoy, Jokes Free4Me, Josh Grosse, KF, Kate,Kiore, Leasnam, Malo, Man vyi, Martarius, Mentisock, Michael Devore, MichaelTinkler, Mild Bill Hiccup, Mindmatrix, Mitsukai, Mr Stephen, Myannguyen, Natalie Erin, Nitya Dharma,Omnipaedista, Outriggr, Piano non troppo, RJASE1, Rdsmith4, Redfarmer, Rich Farmbrough, RichardF, Ross Burgess, Samuella, Sephiroth BCR, SheepNotGoats, Silence, TK-925,Tempodivalse, Terrasidius, The Thing That Should Not Be, Thingg, Tide rolls, Trotski252, UberScienceNerd, Univalonso, Wakuran, Wapcaplet, Weeedude, West London Dweller, Wolfling,Xyzzyplugh, Yolgnu, 274 anonymous edits

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