LISP - UCLouvain · 6/28/2010 · LISP (Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol) Department of...
Transcript of LISP - UCLouvain · 6/28/2010 · LISP (Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol) Department of...
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LISP(Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol)
Department of Computing Science and Engineering Université catholique de Louvain (UCL)
Place Sainte-Barbe, 2, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium)
Damien Saucez*
http://inl.info.ucl.ac.be
June 28th, 2010
*Thanks to Olivier Bonaventure and Pierre François
Monday 28 June 2010
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Agenda
• The Internet is evolving
• Separating Identifiers from Locators
• LISP, a network-based Loc/ID split solution
• LISP in a nutshell
• How LISP has been obtained?
• Conclusion
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The Internet is evolving(does it like?)
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More networks
Linear growth of Autonomous Systems
4 [http://bgp.potaroo.net]Monday 28 June 2010
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More prefixes
[http://bgp.potaroo.net]
Exponential growth of prefixes
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• Distribution of prefixes versus length (filtered)
What do the entries look like?
/8 /9 - /15 /16 /17 /18 /19/20 /21 /22 /23 /24
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• Distribution of prefixes versus length (filtered)
What do the entries look like?
/8 /9 - /15 /16 /17 /18 /19/20 /21 /22 /23 /24
Half of the prefixes are as small as possible!
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Why so may (small) prefixes? (1)
My provider #1
My provider #2
ME
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
• Multihoming is common (16k÷23k stubs are multihomed)
130.104.1.1
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Why so may (small) prefixes? (1)
My provider #1
My provider #2
ME
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
• Multihoming is common (16k÷23k stubs are multihomed)
130.104.1.1
7
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Why so may (small) prefixes? (1)
My provider #1
My provider #2
ME
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
• Multihoming is common (16k÷23k stubs are multihomed)
130.104.1.1
7
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Why so may (small) prefixes? (1)
My provider #1
My provider #2
ME
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
• Multihoming is common (16k÷23k stubs are multihomed)
130.104.1.1
7
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Why so may (small) prefixes? (1)
My provider #1
My provider #2
ME
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
• Multihoming is common (16k÷23k stubs are multihomed)
130.104.1.1
7
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Why so may (small) prefixes? (2)
My provider #1
My provider #2
ME
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/17
130.104.0.0/17
130.104.128.0/17
130.104.0.0/17
130.104.128.0/17
130.104.128.0/17
• Traffic engineering
130.104.1.1
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Why so may (small) prefixes? (2)
My provider #1
My provider #2
ME
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/17
130.104.0.0/17
130.104.128.0/17
130.104.0.0/17
130.104.128.0/17
130.104.128.0/17
• Traffic engineering
130.104.1.1
8
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Why so may (small) prefixes? (2)
My provider #1
My provider #2
ME
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/17
130.104.0.0/17
130.104.128.0/17
130.104.128.0/17
130.104.128.0/17
• Traffic engineering
130.104.1.1
8
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Why so may (small) prefixes? (2)
My provider #1
My provider #2
ME
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.128.0/17
130.104.128.0/17
130.104.128.0/17
• Traffic engineering
130.104.1.1
8
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Why so may (small) prefixes? (2)
My provider #1
My provider #2
ME
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.128.0/17
130.104.128.0/17
130.104.128.0/17
• Traffic engineering
130.104.1.1
8
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Why so may (small) prefixes? (3)
My provider #1
My provider #2
ME
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/17130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/17130.104.0.0/16
130.104.128.0/17130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/17130.104.0.0/16
130.104.128.0/17130.104.0.0/16
• Traffic engineering + reachability
130.104.1.1
9130.104.128.0/17130.104.0.0/16
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Why so may (small) prefixes? (3)
My provider #1
My provider #2
ME
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/17130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/17130.104.0.0/16
130.104.128.0/17130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/17130.104.0.0/16
130.104.128.0/17130.104.0.0/16
• Traffic engineering + reachability
130.104.1.1
9130.104.128.0/17130.104.0.0/16
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Why so may (small) prefixes? (3)
My provider #1
My provider #2
ME
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/17130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/17130.104.0.0/16
130.104.128.0/17130.104.0.0/16
130.104.128.0/17130.104.0.0/16
• Traffic engineering + reachability
130.104.1.1
9130.104.128.0/17130.104.0.0/16
Monday 28 June 2010
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Why so may (small) prefixes? (3)
My provider #1
My provider #2
ME
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.128.0/17130.104.0.0/16
130.104.128.0/17130.104.0.0/16
• Traffic engineering + reachability
130.104.1.1
9130.104.128.0/17130.104.0.0/16
Monday 28 June 2010
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Why so may (small) prefixes? (3)
My provider #1
My provider #2
ME
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.128.0/17130.104.0.0/16
130.104.128.0/17130.104.0.0/16
• Traffic engineering + reachability
130.104.1.1
9130.104.128.0/17130.104.0.0/16
Monday 28 June 2010
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Why so may (small) prefixes? (4)
• Allocation of IP prefixes to sites
• Initial solution chosen by IANA
• First come, first served for all qualifying sites
• Few constraints on which sites qualify for an IP prefix, owned forever
• Classful network design (/8, /16, /24)
• Hard to aggregate
130.100.0.0/16 ripencc! adv130.101.0.0/16 arin !! adv130.102.0.0/16 apnic!! adv130.103.0.0/16 arin! ! unadv130.104.0.0/16 ripencc! adv
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Why so may (small) prefixes? (5)
• Allocation of IP prefixes to sites
• Solution chosen by RIRs after CIDR
• Provider Independent (PI) Prefixes
• Given by RIRs to qualifying sites (basically ISPs paying their membership dues to the RIR)
• Owned by the site forever and can be globally announced
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Why so may (small) prefixes? (6)
• Allocation of IP prefixes to sites
• Solution chosen by RIRs after CIDR
• Provider Aggregatable (PA) Prefixes
• Given by ISPs from their own address block to customers
• Customers are expected to return their prefix to its owner if they change from ISP
• ... but provider lock-in, renumbering burden...
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Traffic Engineering
• Outgoing TE is “easy”
• Incoming TE is “hard”
• Injection of prefixes limited to /24s and prone to aggregation
• BGP tweaks (prepending&co) are tweaks
• Hard/costly to have a per client TE
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Routing table
• Prefixes are announced to all the Internet
• FIB size may become a problem
• Changes are potentially seen by everybody
• Churn may become a problem
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IPv4 exhaustion
• Hum, yes, in top of this we are experiencing IPv4 addresses exhaustion!
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Source: http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/
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Internet is not going so well
• Really many prefixes
• Churn
• Hard to do fine grained incoming traffic engineering
• IP addresses are becoming as rare as gold!
16
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Internet is not going so well
• Really many prefixes
• Churn
• Hard to do fine grained incoming traffic engineering
• IP addresses are becoming as rare as gold!
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• How can we improve it?
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Separating Identifiers from Locators
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The complementary roles of IP addresses
• The IP addresses currently used by endhosts play two complementary roles
• Identifier role: the IP address identifies (with port) the endpoint of transport flows
• Locator role: the IP address indicates the paths used to reach the endhost
• these paths are updated by routing protocols after each topology change
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The Locator/Identifier Separation
• Today, changing the locator means changing the identifier, breaking the pending flows
• Separating the locator and the identifier roles to avoid breaking the flows
• Host-based approach
• Network-based approach
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Host-based Loc/ID split• Roles
• Translates the packets so that
• Transport layer only sees the host identifier
• IP Routing sublayer sees only locators
• Manages the set of locators
• Switches from one locator to another upon move or after link failure
• Hosts maintain some state
Transport layer
IP Routing sublayer
20[HIP, ILNP, shim6, Six/One]
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Host-based Loc/ID split• Roles
• Translates the packets so that
• Transport layer only sees the host identifier
• IP Routing sublayer sees only locators
• Manages the set of locators
• Switches from one locator to another upon move or after link failure
• Hosts maintain some state
Transport layer
IP Routing sublayer
Identifier: Ia
20[HIP, ILNP, shim6, Six/One]
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Host-based Loc/ID split• Roles
• Translates the packets so that
• Transport layer only sees the host identifier
• IP Routing sublayer sees only locators
• Manages the set of locators
• Switches from one locator to another upon move or after link failure
• Hosts maintain some state
Transport layer
IP Routing sublayerLocators: {Ra, Rb}
Identifier: Ia
20[HIP, ILNP, shim6, Six/One]
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Host-based Loc/ID split• Roles
• Translates the packets so that
• Transport layer only sees the host identifier
• IP Routing sublayer sees only locators
• Manages the set of locators
• Switches from one locator to another upon move or after link failure
• Hosts maintain some state
Transport layer
IP Routing sublayerLocators: {Ra, Rb}
Specific sublayerIdentifier: Ia
20[HIP, ILNP, shim6, Six/One]
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Network-based Loc/ID split
B/b
A/a
a.1.2.3
b.4.5.6
C/cA/a
B/b
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Network-based Loc/ID split• Host’s IP stack unchanged
• Each host has one stable IP address
• Used as identifier
• Not globally routable
B/b
A/a
a.1.2.3
b.4.5.6
C/c
Transport layer
IP Routing layer
c.7.8.9
A/a
B/b
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Network-based Loc/ID split• Host’s IP stack unchanged
• Each host has one stable IP address
• Used as identifier
• Not globally routable
• Each edge router owns
• Globally routed addresses used as locators
• Mapping mechanism is used to find locators associated to one identifier
• Packets from hosts are modified before being sent on Internet
B/b
A/a
a.1.2.3
b.4.5.6
C/c
Transport layer
IP Routing layer
c.7.8.9
A/a
B/b
Locators for C/c: a.1.2.3, b.4.5.6 21
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Host vs Network-based Loc/ID split
• We need both!
• At work, connected directly to the wall
• Let my company doing the stuff for the whole network
• In the street, calling with Skype over WIFI&3G
• Prefer WIFI to 3G
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Peter Paul Rubens
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LISP, a network-based Loc/ID split solution
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[LISP]
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LISP in a nutshell
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The Locator Identifier Separation Protocol (1/2)• Define a router-based solution where current IP addresses are
separated in two different spaces:
• Endpoint Identifiers (EID)
• Identify end-hosts
• Non-globally routable
• Hosts in a given site are expected to use EIDs in the same prefix
• Routing Locators (RLOC)
• Attached to routers (router interfaces)
• Globally routable
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The Locator Identifier Separation Protocol (2/2)• Follows the Map-and-Encap principle
• A mapping system maps EID prefixes onto site routers RLOCs
• Routers encapsulate the packets received from hosts before sending them towards the destination RLOC
• Routers decapsulate the packets received from the Internet before sending them towards the destination hosts
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LISP in a nutshell
2001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Site 2
Site 1
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LISP in a nutshell
2001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Site 2
Site 1
28
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LISP in a nutshell
2001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Site 2
Site 1
28
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LISP in a nutshell
2001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2
Site 1
28
Map-Request:2001:DB8:cafe::1?
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LISP in a nutshell
2001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2
Site 1
28
Map-Reply:2001:DB8:cafe::/56
3.2.2.1 1 100%2.2.2.1 2 100%
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LISP in a nutshell
2001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2
Site 1
28
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LISP in a nutshell
2001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2
Site 1
28
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LISP in a nutshell
2001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2
Site 1
28
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LISP in a nutshell
2001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2
Site 1
28
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Terminology
2001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2
Site 1
29
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Terminology
2001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2
Site 1
29
Endpoint Identifiers (EID)Endpoint Identifiers (EID)
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Terminology
2001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2
Site 1
29
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Terminology
2001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2
Site 1
29
Routing Locators (RLOC)Routing Locators (RLOC)Routing Locators (RLOC)Routing Locators (RLOC)
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Terminology
2001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2
Site 1
29
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Terminology
2001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2
Site 1
29
Ingress Tunnel Routers (ITR)Ingress Tunnel Routers (ITR)
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Terminology
2001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2
Site 1
29
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Terminology
2001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2
Site 1
29
Egress Tunnel Routers (ETR)Egress Tunnel Routers (ETR)
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Terminology
2001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2
Site 1
29
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Terminology
2001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2
Site 1
29
EID-to-RLOC database
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Terminology
2001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2
Site 1
29
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Terminology
• Ingress Tunnel Router (ITR): a router which accepts a packet containing a single IP header. The router maps the destination address of the packet to an RLOC and prepends a LISP header before forwarding the encapsulatedpacket.
• Egress Tunnel Router (ETR): a router which accepts a LISP encapsulated packet. The router strips the LISP header and forwards the packet based on the next header
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Terminology
• EID-to-RLOC Database: a globally distributed database that contains all known EID-prefix to RLOC mappings
• LISP Cache: EID-to-RLOC Database stored at the ITR
• LISP Database: EID-to-RLOC Database stored at the ETR
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How LISP has been obtained?
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LISP Main Design Goals• No end-systems (hosts) changes (1)
• Minimize required changes to the Internet infrastructure (2) and the number of routers which have to be modified (5)
• Avoid or minimize packet loss when EID-to-RLOC mappings need to be performed (7)
• Be incrementally deployable (3)
• No router hardware changes (4) and minimize router software changes (6)
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No end-systems (hosts) changes
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Network-based solution
35
• Identifiers are pure IP addresses (v4 or v6)
• Work performed by routers
• Encapsulation based protocol (vs rewriting)
• Packets received at the destination are the same as those sent by the source (no address/port/... modification)
➡Transparent for end-hosts
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Minimize the number of routers which have to be
modified and required changes to the Internet infrastructure
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Split the Internet in two spaces
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2001:DB8:beef::1 2001:DB8:cafe::1
EID Space RLOC Space EID Space
Transitionbetween the spaces
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RLOC space
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• Composed of the current transit networks
• Keep IP and BGP as-is
• RLOCs globally routable
• EIDs are invisible here
➡No change in the core
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EID space
• Composed of the current stub networks
• EIDs are routable (IP) within their stub
• RLOCs and EIDs of other stubs are unknown in the stub
• IGP with default route(s) to the border routers
• Packets to distant EIDs simply follow the default route(s)
➡No change in the stubs
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Transition between the two spaces
• LISP: the glue between the EID and RLOC spaces
• Modify border routers to support LISP functionality (xTR)
• No change before/after the border
• Border routers do not advertise stub prefixes (EID) anymore to the Internet
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Internet is more than routers
• NATs
• Firewalls
• Strange stuff
• How to be confident the packets will not be lost somewhere?
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Internet is more than routers
• NATs
• Firewalls
• Strange stuff
• How to be confident the packets will not be lost somewhere?
41
=> Transport the new protocol over UDP
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• Data-plane: UDP/4341 (IP(UDP(LISP(IP))))
UDP based encapsulation
42
Src/Dst RLOCs
Identifier Part
Payload
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ OH | Time to Live | Protocol = 17 | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source Routing Locator | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination Routing Locator | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / | Source Port = xxxx | Dest Port = 4341 | UDP +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | UDP Length | UDP Checksum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ L |N|L|E| rflags | Nonce | I \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ S / | Locator Status Bits | P +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ IH | Time to Live | Protocol | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source EID | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination EID | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
UDP headerControl Flags
Endp
oint
pac
ket
Trav
ersa
l and
LIS
P
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• Control-plane: UDP/4342 (IP(UDP(LISP)))
UDP based control messages
43
Src/Dst RLOCs
Control message
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ OH | Time to Live | Protocol = 17 | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source Routing Locator | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination Routing Locator | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / | Source Port = xxxx | Dest Port = 4342 | UDP +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | UDP Length | UDP Checksum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ : : : LISP Control Message : +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
UDP header
Trav
ersa
lLI
SP
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Avoid or minimize packet loss when EID-to-RLOC mappings
need to be performed
44
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Avoid or minimize packet loss when EID-to-RLOC mappings
need to be performed
44
Or Dimitri’s formulation: Effect of changes for “in-use”
EID-to-RLOC mappings
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What is a mapping?
45
• A mapping maps EID prefixes onto site routers RLOCs
• A list of RLOCs is associated to each EID prefix
• A priority, weight and reachability information is associated to each RLOC
2001:DB8:cafe::/56:•RLOC: 192.0.2.10, priority:1, weight=75, reachability:1•RLOC: 2001:db8:dead::1, priority:1, weight=25, reachability:0•RLOC: 192.0.2.30, priority:2, weight=100, reachability:1
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How are the mappings obtained?
• EID-to-RLOC Database: a globally distributed database that contains all the mappings
• The system formed of the EID-to-RLOC Database and the protocol to query it is called the mapping system
• If the ITR does not have a mapping for a destination EID, it queries the mapping system
• The replied mapping is installed in the Map-Cache on the ITR for later use
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Proposed Mapping System
• LISP-CONS
• LISP+ALT
• NERD
• LISP-DHT
• LISP-Tree
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LISP+ALT
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LISP+ALT
• A mapping mechanism that relies on an alternate topology to distribute mapping requests to mapping servers
• LISP ITR routers sending mapping request messages to ALT routers
• ALT routers forward those mapping messages between themselves on an overlay topology built by using GRE tunnels
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LISP+ALT
• BGP announces where the mappings can be found
• Map-Requests are forwarded on the ALT
• Map-Replies are forwarded on the legacy Internet (directly sent to the ITRs’ RLOC)
• ! BGP does not give the mappings !
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LISP+ALT
51[tree]
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LISP+ALT issues
• Complex system with tunnels, BGP protocol (no discussion about policies), ...
• Still relies on lots of error-prone manual configuration
• Scalability will depend on whether aggregation will be possible
• If mapping requests are lost due to congestion, difficult to diagnose the problem or send them via another path
• Security needs to be studied
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The role of priority and weight
• If an EID has several RLOCs:
• Select the RLOC with the lowest priority value
• If several RLOCs have the same lowest priority
• Balance the load between them proportionally to the weight
• Example:
➡ 75% of the traffic to 192.0.2.10, 25% to 2001:db8:dead::1 and 0% to 192.0.2.30
53
2001:DB8:cafe::/56:•RLOC: 192.0.2.10, priority:1, weight= 75•RLOC: 2001:db8:dead::1, priority:1, weight= 25•RLOC: 192.0.2.30, priority:2, weight=100
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Priority and weight to control incoming traffic
• LISP site can control incoming traffic with Weight and Priority
2001:DB8:cafe::1
192.0.2.2
192.0.2.12001:DB8:cafe::/56
A
B
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• A Primary, B Backup2001:DB8:cafe::/56•192.0.2.1, prio: 1, weight: 100•192.0.2.2, prio: 99, weight: 100
Priority and weight to control incoming traffic
• LISP site can control incoming traffic with Weight and Priority
2001:DB8:cafe::1
192.0.2.2
192.0.2.12001:DB8:cafe::/56
A
B
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• A Primary, B Backup2001:DB8:cafe::/56•192.0.2.1, prio: 1, weight: 100•192.0.2.2, prio: 99, weight: 100
Priority and weight to control incoming traffic
• LISP site can control incoming traffic with Weight and Priority
2001:DB8:cafe::1
192.0.2.2
192.0.2.12001:DB8:cafe::/56
A
B
• A 60%, B 40%
LISP ITR will load balance layer 4 flows by using hash as in ECMP
2001:DB8:cafe::/56•192.0.2.1, prio: 1, weight: 60•192.0.2.2, prio: 1, weight: 40
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The role of the reachability
• Indicates if the RLOC is reachable from the ETR perspective
• The reachability seen at the ETR may be different than the reachability seen at the ITR => hint
• Typically used for temporary failures that should not affect the mapping at long term
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The reachability problem
• Today, preserving the prefixes reachability is mainly performed locally
• In LISP, the legacy Internet is EID agnostic
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A/a
The reachability problem in today’s Internet
A/a
A/aA/a
A/aA/a
• In today’s Internet, routing protocols converge after a link failure to ensure that multihomed prefixes such as A/a remain reachable
57
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A/a
The reachability problem in today’s Internet
A/aA/a
A/a
• In today’s Internet, routing protocols converge after a link failure to ensure that multihomed prefixes such as A/a remain reachable
57
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The reachability problem in a LISP-based Internet
B/b
A/aA/aB/b
a.1.2.3
b.1.2.3
C/c
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
• Upon failure of ETR1, A continues to advertise A/a via BGP
• How can ITR notice that ETR1 failed and that ETR2 should be used instead?
ETR1
ETR2
A
BITR
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The reachability problem in a LISP-based Internet
B/b
A/aA/aB/b
b.1.2.3
C/c
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
• Upon failure of ETR1, A continues to advertise A/a via BGP
• How can ITR notice that ETR1 failed and that ETR2 should be used instead?
ETR1
ETR2
A
BITR
58
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Solving the reachability problem with the locator status bits
• Add an optional 32 bits vector in the data packets
• Each source locator is mapped to one position in the vector
if locator_status_bit(i) = 1
RLOC i is reachable
else
RLOC i is not reachable
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Solving the reachability problem with the locator status bits
• ETR2 notices the failure and informs all ITRs to which it is sending LISP encapsulated packets by setting the reachability bit of ETR1 to 0
a.1.2.3
b.1.2.3
C/cETR1
ETR2
ITR
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
60
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Solving the reachability problem with the locator status bits
• ETR2 notices the failure and informs all ITRs to which it is sending LISP encapsulated packets by setting the reachability bit of ETR1 to 0
a.1.2.3
b.1.2.3
C/cETR1
ETR2
ITR
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
Status bits = 11000...0
PAYLOAD
60
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Solving the reachability problem with the locator status bits
• ETR2 notices the failure and informs all ITRs to which it is sending LISP encapsulated packets by setting the reachability bit of ETR1 to 0
a.1.2.3
b.1.2.3
C/cETR1
ETR2
ITR
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
Status bits = 11000...0
PAYLOAD
60
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Solving the reachability problem with the locator status bits
• ETR2 notices the failure and informs all ITRs to which it is sending LISP encapsulated packets by setting the reachability bit of ETR1 to 0
a.1.2.3
b.1.2.3
C/cETR1
ETR2
ITR
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
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Solving the reachability problem with the locator status bits
• ETR2 notices the failure and informs all ITRs to which it is sending LISP encapsulated packets by setting the reachability bit of ETR1 to 0
a.1.2.3
b.1.2.3
C/cETR1
ETR2
ITR
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
Status bits = 11000...0
PAYLOAD
60
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Solving the reachability problem with the locator status bits
• ETR2 notices the failure and informs all ITRs to which it is sending LISP encapsulated packets by setting the reachability bit of ETR1 to 0
a.1.2.3
b.1.2.3
C/cETR1
ETR2
ITR
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
Status bits = 11000...0
PAYLOAD
60
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Solving the reachability problem with the locator status bits
• ETR2 notices the failure and informs all ITRs to which it is sending LISP encapsulated packets by setting the reachability bit of ETR1 to 0
a.1.2.3
b.1.2.3
C/cETR1
ETR2
ITR
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
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Solving the reachability problem with the locator status bits
• ETR2 notices the failure and informs all ITRs to which it is sending LISP encapsulated packets by setting the reachability bit of ETR1 to 0
b.1.2.3
C/cETR1
ETR2
ITR
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
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Solving the reachability problem with the locator status bits
• ETR2 notices the failure and informs all ITRs to which it is sending LISP encapsulated packets by setting the reachability bit of ETR1 to 0
b.1.2.3
C/cETR1
ETR2
ITR
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
Status bits = 01000...0
PAYLOAD
60
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Solving the reachability problem with the locator status bits
• ETR2 notices the failure and informs all ITRs to which it is sending LISP encapsulated packets by setting the reachability bit of ETR1 to 0
b.1.2.3
C/cETR1
ETR2
ITR
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
Status bits = 01000...0
PAYLOAD
60
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Solving the reachability problem with the locator status bits
• ETR2 notices the failure and informs all ITRs to which it is sending LISP encapsulated packets by setting the reachability bit of ETR1 to 0
b.1.2.3
C/cETR1
ETR2
ITR
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
C/c a.1.2.3, p=1>b.1.2.3, p=2
Status bits = 01000...0
PAYLOAD
60
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Solving the reachability problem with the locator status bits
• ETR2 notices the failure and informs all ITRs to which it is sending LISP encapsulated packets by setting the reachability bit of ETR1 to 0
b.1.2.3
C/cETR1
ETR2
ITR
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
C/c a.1.2.3, p=1>b.1.2.3, p=2
60
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What if the failure is not notified locally to xTRs?
• ITR needs to periodically probe the ETRs they send traffic to
• Unidirectional or triangular routing: periodically send reachability probes
• Bidirectional traffic: echo-nonce algorithm
61
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Echo-Nonce Algorithm
• Uniquely identify a packet by setting a nonce while encapsulating (at the ITR)
• Nonce is optional
• Set the E-bit to 1 to ask the ETR to start the Echo-Nonce algorithm
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Echo-Nonce Algorithm• xTR I wants to know if the RLOC it uses to reach
ETR E is reachable:
• Generate a nonce n when encap to E
• Set echo-nonce bit to1
• Next time E sends a packet to I, the packet has the nonce set to n
• If I receives the nonce within a given time, it considers the RLOC reachable, otherwise E is considered unreachable
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Be incrementally deployable
64
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3 challenges
65
• non-LISP to non-LISP
• non-LISP to LISP
• LISP to non-LISP
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non-LISP to non-LISP
• LISP is not involved
• Current Internet
66
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non-LISP to LISP
67
• Add a Proxy ITR (PITR) middle-box somewhere on the Internet
• PITR originates EID advertisement
• The EID prefix becomes globally routable (!)
• The PITR attracts traffic for the EID prefix
• Traffic with destination IP in the EID prefix are natively forwarded to the PITR
• The PITR acts as the ITR on behalf of non-LISP sites
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non-LISP to LISP
682001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Site 2
Site 1
PITR
2001:DB8::/32
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non-LISP to LISP
682001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Site 2
Site 1
PITR
2001:DB8::/32
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non-LISP to LISP
682001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Site 2
Site 1
PITR
2001:DB8::/32
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non-LISP to LISP
682001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping SystemSite 2
Site 1
Map-Request:2001:DB8:cafe::1?
PITR
2001:DB8::/32
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non-LISP to LISP
682001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping SystemSite 2
Site 1
Map-Reply:2001:DB8:cafe::/56
3.2.2.1 1 100%2.2.2.1 2 100%
PITR
2001:DB8::/32
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non-LISP to LISP
682001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping SystemSite 2
Site 1
PITR
2001:DB8::/32
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non-LISP to LISP
682001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping SystemSite 2
Site 1
PITR
2001:DB8::/32
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non-LISP to LISP
682001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping SystemSite 2
Site 1
PITR
2001:DB8::/32
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non-LISP to LISP
682001:DB8:beef::1
2001:DB8:cafe::1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
2.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping SystemSite 2
Site 1
PITR
2001:DB8::/32
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LISP to non-LISP
69
• EID and RLOC space are separated
• The ITR does not encapsulate if the destination IP is not an EID
• If no PITR for the source, use LISP-NAT
• LISP-NAT rewrites the non-routable EID source to a routable source and keeps the state for the reverse direction
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LISP to non-LISP
70192.0.2.1
130.104.1.1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Site 2130.104/16
Site 1
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LISP to non-LISP
70192.0.2.1
130.104.1.1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Site 2130.104/16
Site 1
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LISP to non-LISP
70192.0.2.1
130.104.1.1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Site 2130.104/16
Site 1
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Map-Request:130.104.1.1?
LISP to non-LISP
70192.0.2.1
130.104.1.1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2130.104/16
Site 1
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LISP to non-LISP
70
Map-Reply:130.104.0.0/16
not an EID
192.0.2.1
130.104.1.1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2130.104/16
Site 1
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LISP to non-LISP
70192.0.2.1
130.104.1.1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2130.104/16
Site 1
<src:1.1.1.1,dst: 130.104.1.1>
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LISP to non-LISP
70192.0.2.1
130.104.1.1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2130.104/16
Site 1
<src:1.1.1.1,dst: 130.104.1.1>
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LISP to non-LISP
70192.0.2.1
130.104.1.1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2130.104/16
Site 1
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LISP to non-LISP
70192.0.2.1
130.104.1.1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2130.104/16
Site 1
<src: 130.104.1.1,dst:1.1.1.1>
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LISP to non-LISP
70192.0.2.1
130.104.1.1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2130.104/16
Site 1
<src: 130.104.1.1,dst:1.1.1.1>
Monday 28 June 2010
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LISP to non-LISP
70192.0.2.1
130.104.1.1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2130.104/16
Site 1
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LISP to non-LISP
70192.0.2.1
130.104.1.1
ISP11/8
ISP33/8
ISP22/8
1.1.1.1
2.1.1.1
Mapping System
Site 2130.104/16
Site 1
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No router hardware changes and minimize
router software changes
71
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Use IP and UDP
72
• RLOCs and EIDs are pure IP packets
• Any router implements IP
• EID prefixes follow CIDR
• Any router implements longest prefix matching
• Transport LISP over UDP
• Any router implements UDP
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Conclusion
73
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Are the goals reached?
74
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Are the goals reached?
74
1. Reduction of routing table size in the "default-free zone" (DFZ)?
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Are the goals reached?
74
1. Reduction of routing table size in the "default-free zone" (DFZ)?
2. More cost-effective multihoming?
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Are the goals reached?
74
1. Reduction of routing table size in the "default-free zone" (DFZ)?
2. More cost-effective multihoming?
3. Easing of renumbering burden when clients change providers?
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Are the goals reached?
74
1. Reduction of routing table size in the "default-free zone" (DFZ)?
2. More cost-effective multihoming?
3. Easing of renumbering burden when clients change providers?
4. Traffic engineering capabilities?
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Are the goals reached?
74
1. Reduction of routing table size in the "default-free zone" (DFZ)?
2. More cost-effective multihoming?
3. Easing of renumbering burden when clients change providers?
4. Traffic engineering capabilities?
5. Mobility without address changing?
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Research perspectives
• Mapping Systems
• Security
• Reachability/Resiliency
• IPv4 to IPv6 transition with LISP
• Mobility
• LISP for enterprise/CDN/DC
• ...
75
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References• Host-based Loc/ID split
[hip]R. Moskowitz and P. Nikander, Host Identity Protocol, RFC5201
[shim6] E. Nordmark and M. Bagnulo, Shim6: Level 3 Multihoming Shim Protocol for IPv6, RFC5533
[ilnp] R. Atkinson, ILNP Concept of Operations, draft-rja-ilnp-intro-05.txt
[six/one] C. Vogt, Six/One: A Solution for Routing and Addressing in IPv6, draft-vogt-rrg-six-one-02.txt
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References
• LISP
[lisp]D. Farinacci et al., Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP), draft-ietf-lisp-07.txt
[mn]D. Farinacci et al., LISP Mobile Node, draft-meyer-lisp-mn-01.txt
[inter] D. Lewis et al., Interworking LISP with IPv4 and IPv6, draft-ietf-lisp-interworking-00.txt
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References• LISP Mapping systems
[cons] S. Brim et al., LISP-CONS: A Content distribution Overlay Network Service for LISP, draft-meyer-lisp-cons-04.txt
[alt] V. Fuller et al., LISP Alternative Topology (LISP+ALT), draft-ietf-lisp-alt-04.txt
[nerd] E. Lear, NERD: A Not-so-novel EID to RLOC Database, draft-lear-lisp-nerd-08.txt
[dht] L. Mathy and L. Iannone, LISP-DHT: towards a DHT to map identifiers onto locators, Rearch2008
[tree] LISP-TREE: A DNS Hierarchy to Support the LISP Mapping System, L. Jakab et al., JSAC, 2010
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References• Miscellaneous LISP
[l4] http://www.lisp4.net
[l6] http://www.lisp6.net
[lface] http://www.lisp4.facebook.com
[openlisp] L. Iannone et al., OpenLISP Implementation Report, draft-iannone-openlisp-implementation-01.txt
[lispclick] D.Saucez and V. Nguyen, LISP-Click: A Click implementation of the Locator/ID Separation Protocol, SyClick09
[cache] L. Iannone et al., On the cost of caching locator/ID mappings, CoNEXT07
[security] D. Saucez et al., Notes on LISP Security Threats and Requirements, draft-saucez-lisp-security-00.txt
[preserve] O. Bonaventure et al., Preserving the reachability of LISP ETRs in case of failures, draft-bonaventure-lisp-preserve-00.txt
[lispte] D. Saucez et al., Interdomain Traffic Engineering in a Locator/Identifier Separation Context, INM08
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References• General
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force: http://www.ietf.org
LISP Working-group: http://tools.ietf.org/wg/lisp
IRTF Internet Research Task Force: http://www.irtf.org
[benefits] B. Quotin et al., Evaluating the benefits of the locator/identifier separation, Mobiarch07
[cidr] V. Fuller et al.. Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR): an Address Assignment and Aggregation Strategy, RFC1519
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Thank you
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?? || /**/
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Backup
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Inter-domain routing
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Inter-domain Routing
• Goal
• Allow to transmit data along the best path towards the destination through several transit domains while taking into account the routing policies of each domain without knowing the detailed topology of those domains
• The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the common protocol between the domains
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Routing Policies
• In theory, BGP allows each domain to defines its own routing policy...
• In practice, there are two common policies:
• Customer-provider peering: customer c buy Internet connectivity to provider p.
• Shared-cost peering: domains x and y agree to exchange data by using a direct link through an interconnection point.
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Customer-provider peering
AS1 AS2
AS3 AS4 AS5
AS6 AS8AS7
$$$ $$$ $
$ $ $
$ Customer-provider86
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Customer-provider peering
AS1 AS2
AS3 AS4 AS5
AS6 AS8AS7
$$$ $$$ $
$ $ $
$$$$$$$$$ Customer-provider
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Customer-provider peering
AS1 AS2
AS3 AS4 AS5
AS6 AS8AS7
$$$ $$$ $
$ $ $
$$$$$$$$ AS6?$ Customer-provider
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Shared-cost peering
AS1 AS2
AS3 AS4 AS5
AS6 AS8AS7
$$$ $$$ $
$ $ $
=
=
$ Customer-provider = Shared-cost87
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Shared-cost peering
AS1 AS2
AS3 AS4 AS5
AS6 AS8AS7
$$$ $$$ $
$ $ $
=
=
$ Customer-provider = Shared-cost87
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Shared-cost peering
AS1 AS2
AS3 AS4 AS5
AS6 AS8AS7
$$$ $$$ $
$ $ $
=
=
$ Customer-provider = Shared-cost87
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How are routes discovered?
AS1 AS2
AS3 AS4 AS5
AS6
Customer-provider Shared-cost BGP announcement88
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How are routes discovered?
AS1 AS2
AS3 AS4 AS5
AS6
Customer-provider Shared-cost
AS6 via AS3
BGP announcement88
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How are routes discovered?
AS1 AS2
AS3 AS4 AS5
AS6
Customer-provider Shared-cost
AS6 via AS1:AS3
AS6 via AS3
BGP announcement88
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How are routes discovered?
AS1 AS2
AS3 AS4 AS5
AS6
Customer-provider Shared-cost
AS6 via AS1:AS3AS6 via AS2:AS1:AS3
AS6 via AS3
BGP announcement88
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How are routes discovered?
AS1 AS2
AS3 AS4 AS5
AS6
Customer-provider Shared-cost
AS6 via AS1:AS3AS6 via AS2:AS1:AS3
AS6 via AS3
BGP announcement
AS3 or AS1?
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Simplified BGP decision process
1. Select routes with the highest local-pref
• Manual configuration
2. If there are several routes, chose routes with the shortest AS path
• Mostly determined by the topology
• Can be influenced by using pre-pending
3. If there are still routes tie-breaking rule
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Route control with BGP
AS1
AS3 AS4
AS6
Customer-provider Shared-cost BGP announcement90
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Route control with BGP
AS1
AS3 AS4
AS6
Customer-provider Shared-cost BGP announcement
Policy for AS3:Export:
To AS1 set as-path prepend AS3
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Route control with BGP
AS1
AS3 AS4
AS6
Customer-provider Shared-cost
AS6 via AS1:AS3:AS3AS6 via AS3:AS3
BGP announcement
Policy for AS3:Export:
To AS1 set as-path prepend AS3
AS6 via AS3
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Route control with BGP
AS1
AS3 AS4
AS6
Customer-provider Shared-cost
AS6 via AS1:AS3:AS3AS6 via AS3:AS3
BGP announcement
Policy for AS3:Export:
To AS1 set as-path prepend AS3
Policy for AS4:Import: From AS3 set localpref=2000 From AS1 set localpref=100
AS6 via AS3
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Multihoming
My provider #1
My provider #2
ME
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
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Multihoming
My provider #1
My provider #2
ME
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
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Multihoming
My provider #1
My provider #2
ME
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
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Multihoming
My provider #1
My provider #2
ME
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
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Multihoming
My provider #1
My provider #2
ME
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
130.104.0.0/16
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LISP Data-plane
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Data-plane packets
Locator part
Identifier Part
Payload
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ OH | Time to Live | Protocol = 17 | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source Routing Locator | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination Routing Locator | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / | Source Port = xxxx | Dest Port = 4341 | UDP +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | UDP Length | UDP Checksum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ L |N|L|E| rflags | Nonce | I \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ S / | Locator Status Bits | P +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ IH | Time to Live | Protocol | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source EID | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination EID | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
PresentationControl Flags
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Header details
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ OH | Time to Live | Protocol = 17 | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source Routing Locator | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination Routing Locator | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / | Source Port = xxxx | Dest Port = 4341 | UDP +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | UDP Length | UDP Checksum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ L |N|L|E| rflags | Nonce | I \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ S / | Locator Status Bits | P +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ IH | Time to Live | Protocol | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source EID | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination EID | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
(IP(UDP(LISP(IP))))
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Header details
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ OH | Time to Live | Protocol = 17 | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source Routing Locator | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination Routing Locator | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / | Source Port = xxxx | Dest Port = 4341 | UDP +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | UDP Length | UDP Checksum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ L |N|L|E| rflags | Nonce | I \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ S / | Locator Status Bits | P +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ IH | Time to Live | Protocol | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source EID | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination EID | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Source/Destination Locators
Source/Destination Locators
(IP(UDP(LISP(IP))))
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Header details
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ OH | Time to Live | Protocol = 17 | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source Routing Locator | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination Routing Locator | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / | Source Port = xxxx | Dest Port = 4341 | UDP +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | UDP Length | UDP Checksum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ L |N|L|E| rflags | Nonce | I \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ S / | Locator Status Bits | P +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ IH | Time to Live | Protocol | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source EID | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination EID | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Random Source Port
Source/Destination Locators
Source/Destination Locators
(IP(UDP(LISP(IP))))
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Header details
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ OH | Time to Live | Protocol = 17 | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source Routing Locator | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination Routing Locator | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / | Source Port = xxxx | Dest Port = 4341 | UDP +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | UDP Length | UDP Checksum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ L |N|L|E| rflags | Nonce | I \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ S / | Locator Status Bits | P +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ IH | Time to Live | Protocol | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source EID | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination EID | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fixed Destination port
Random Source Port
Source/Destination Locators
Source/Destination Locators
(IP(UDP(LISP(IP))))
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Header details
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ OH | Time to Live | Protocol = 17 | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source Routing Locator | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination Routing Locator | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / | Source Port = xxxx | Dest Port = 4341 | UDP +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | UDP Length | UDP Checksum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ L |N|L|E| rflags | Nonce | I \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ S / | Locator Status Bits | P +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ IH | Time to Live | Protocol | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source EID | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination EID | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fixed Destination port
Random Source Port
Source/Destination Locators
Source/Destination Locators
Encap data integrity check
(IP(UDP(LISP(IP))))
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Header details
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ OH | Time to Live | Protocol = 17 | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source Routing Locator | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination Routing Locator | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / | Source Port = xxxx | Dest Port = 4341 | UDP +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | UDP Length | UDP Checksum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ L |N|L|E| rflags | Nonce | I \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ S / | Locator Status Bits | P +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ IH | Time to Live | Protocol | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source EID | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination EID | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fixed Destination port
Random Source Port
Source/Destination Locators
Source/Destination Locators
Encap data integrity check
N: Nonce present bitL: Locator Status Bits present bitE: Echo-Nonce request bit
N: Nonce present bitL: Locator Status Bits present bitE: Echo-Nonce request bit
N: Nonce present bitL: Locator Status Bits present bitE: Echo-Nonce request bit
(IP(UDP(LISP(IP))))
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Header details
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ OH | Time to Live | Protocol = 17 | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source Routing Locator | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination Routing Locator | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / | Source Port = xxxx | Dest Port = 4341 | UDP +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | UDP Length | UDP Checksum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ L |N|L|E| rflags | Nonce | I \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ S / | Locator Status Bits | P +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ IH | Time to Live | Protocol | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source EID | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination EID | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fixed Destination port
Random Source Port
Source/Destination Locators
Source/Destination Locators
Encap data integrity check
Packet unique identifier
N: Nonce present bitL: Locator Status Bits present bitE: Echo-Nonce request bit
N: Nonce present bitL: Locator Status Bits present bitE: Echo-Nonce request bit
N: Nonce present bitL: Locator Status Bits present bitE: Echo-Nonce request bit
(IP(UDP(LISP(IP))))
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Header details
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ OH | Time to Live | Protocol = 17 | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source Routing Locator | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination Routing Locator | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / | Source Port = xxxx | Dest Port = 4341 | UDP +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | UDP Length | UDP Checksum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ L |N|L|E| rflags | Nonce | I \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ S / | Locator Status Bits | P +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ IH | Time to Live | Protocol | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source EID | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination EID | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fixed Destination port
Random Source Port
Source/Destination Locators
Source/Destination Locators
Encap data integrity check
Packet unique identifier
Source locator reachability
N: Nonce present bitL: Locator Status Bits present bitE: Echo-Nonce request bit
N: Nonce present bitL: Locator Status Bits present bitE: Echo-Nonce request bit
N: Nonce present bitL: Locator Status Bits present bitE: Echo-Nonce request bit
(IP(UDP(LISP(IP))))
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Header details
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ OH | Time to Live | Protocol = 17 | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source Routing Locator | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination Routing Locator | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / | Source Port = xxxx | Dest Port = 4341 | UDP +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | UDP Length | UDP Checksum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ L |N|L|E| rflags | Nonce | I \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ S / | Locator Status Bits | P +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | / +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ IH | Time to Live | Protocol | Header Checksum | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Source EID | \ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | Destination EID | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fixed Destination port
Random Source Port
Source/Destination Locators
Source/Destination Locators
Encap data integrity check
Packet unique identifier
Source locator reachability
N: Nonce present bitL: Locator Status Bits present bitE: Echo-Nonce request bit
N: Nonce present bitL: Locator Status Bits present bitE: Echo-Nonce request bit
N: Nonce present bitL: Locator Status Bits present bitE: Echo-Nonce request bit
Source/Destination Locators
Source/Destination Identifiers
(IP(UDP(LISP(IP))))
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Src/Dst Locators
• Source locator: IP address of the ITR that performed the encapsulation
• Destination locator: IP address of one ETR responsible for the destination EID’s prefix
• Locators can be in IPv4 or IPv6
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Src/Dst EID
• Source EID: IP address of the source end-host
• Destination EID: IP address of destination end-hosts
• EIDs can be in IPv4 or IPv6
• AFI(RLOC) can be different AFI(EID)
• LISP can be an IPv4/IPv6 transition mechanism (but does not support XAFI)
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LISP is over UDP
• UDP to traverse firewalls/NAT, limit the impact of ECMP hashing on reordering...
• Source port is random
• but per-flow source port is recommended
• Destination port is fixed to 4341
• Checksum is important if IPv6 RLOCs
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LISP Control-plane
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LISP Mapping messages• Map-Request
• request for a mapping
• Map-Reply
• provides the mapping requested by a Map-Request
• Map-Register
• an ETR informs the mapping system that it is responsible for an EID prefix
• provides the RLOCs where the mapping can be found
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | IPv4 or IPv6 Header | | (uses RLOC addresses) | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / | Source Port = xxxx | Dest Port = 4342 | UDP +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | UDP Length | UDP Checksum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ LCM | LISP Control Message | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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Map-Request
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Type=1 |0|M|P|S| Reserved | Record Count | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Nonce . . . | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | . . . Nonce | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source-EID-AFI | ITR-AFI | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source EID Address ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Originating ITR RLOC Address ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / | Reserved | EID mask-len | EID-prefix-AFI | Rec +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | EID-prefix ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Map-Reply Record ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Mapping Protocol Data | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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Map-Request
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Type=1 |0|M|P|S| Reserved | Record Count | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Nonce . . . | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | . . . Nonce | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source-EID-AFI | ITR-AFI | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source EID Address ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Originating ITR RLOC Address ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / | Reserved | EID mask-len | EID-prefix-AFI | Rec +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | EID-prefix ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Map-Reply Record ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Mapping Protocol Data | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
M: Map-ReplyP: probing bitS: Solicitation bit
M: Map-ReplyP: probing bitS: Solicitation bit
M: Map-ReplyP: probing bitS: Solicitation bit
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Map-Request
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Type=1 |0|M|P|S| Reserved | Record Count | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Nonce . . . | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | . . . Nonce | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source-EID-AFI | ITR-AFI | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source EID Address ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Originating ITR RLOC Address ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / | Reserved | EID mask-len | EID-prefix-AFI | Rec +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | EID-prefix ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Map-Reply Record ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Mapping Protocol Data | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Number of records in the request
M: Map-ReplyP: probing bitS: Solicitation bit
M: Map-ReplyP: probing bitS: Solicitation bit
M: Map-ReplyP: probing bitS: Solicitation bit
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Map-Request
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Type=1 |0|M|P|S| Reserved | Record Count | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Nonce . . . | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | . . . Nonce | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source-EID-AFI | ITR-AFI | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source EID Address ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Originating ITR RLOC Address ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / | Reserved | EID mask-len | EID-prefix-AFI | Rec +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | EID-prefix ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Map-Reply Record ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Mapping Protocol Data | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Number of records in the request
64-bits Nonce, uniquely identifying the request
M: Map-ReplyP: probing bitS: Solicitation bit
M: Map-ReplyP: probing bitS: Solicitation bit
M: Map-ReplyP: probing bitS: Solicitation bit
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Map-Request
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Type=1 |0|M|P|S| Reserved | Record Count | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Nonce . . . | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | . . . Nonce | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source-EID-AFI | ITR-AFI | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source EID Address ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Originating ITR RLOC Address ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / | Reserved | EID mask-len | EID-prefix-AFI | Rec +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | EID-prefix ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Map-Reply Record ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Mapping Protocol Data | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Number of records in the request
64-bits Nonce, uniquely identifying the request
EID of the source that generated the miss
M: Map-ReplyP: probing bitS: Solicitation bit
M: Map-ReplyP: probing bitS: Solicitation bit
M: Map-ReplyP: probing bitS: Solicitation bit
100
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Map-Request
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Type=1 |0|M|P|S| Reserved | Record Count | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Nonce . . . | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | . . . Nonce | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source-EID-AFI | ITR-AFI | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source EID Address ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Originating ITR RLOC Address ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / | Reserved | EID mask-len | EID-prefix-AFI | Rec +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | EID-prefix ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Map-Reply Record ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Mapping Protocol Data | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Number of records in the request
64-bits Nonce, uniquely identifying the request
EID of the source that generated the miss
RLOC of the ITR to reply to
M: Map-ReplyP: probing bitS: Solicitation bit
M: Map-ReplyP: probing bitS: Solicitation bit
M: Map-ReplyP: probing bitS: Solicitation bit
100
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Map-Request
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Type=1 |0|M|P|S| Reserved | Record Count | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Nonce . . . | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | . . . Nonce | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source-EID-AFI | ITR-AFI | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source EID Address ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Originating ITR RLOC Address ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ / | Reserved | EID mask-len | EID-prefix-AFI | Rec +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \ | EID-prefix ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Map-Reply Record ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Mapping Protocol Data | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Number of records in the request
64-bits Nonce, uniquely identifying the request
EID of the source that generated the miss
RLOC of the ITR to reply to
EID prefix to retrieve a mapping for
EID prefix to retrieve a mapping for
M: Map-ReplyP: probing bitS: Solicitation bit
M: Map-ReplyP: probing bitS: Solicitation bit
M: Map-ReplyP: probing bitS: Solicitation bit
100
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Map-Reply
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Type=2 |P|E| Reserved | Record Count | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Nonce . . . | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | . . . Nonce | +-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Record TTL | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ R | Locator Count | EID mask-len | ACT |A| Reserved | e +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ c | Reserved | EID-AFI | o +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ r | EID-prefix | d +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | /| Priority | Weight | M Priority | M Weight | | L +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | o | Unused Flags |R| Loc-AFI | | c +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | \| Locator | +-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Mapping Protocol Data | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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Map-Reply
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Type=2 |P|E| Reserved | Record Count | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Nonce . . . | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | . . . Nonce | +-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Record TTL | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ R | Locator Count | EID mask-len | ACT |A| Reserved | e +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ c | Reserved | EID-AFI | o +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ r | EID-prefix | d +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | /| Priority | Weight | M Priority | M Weight | | L +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | o | Unused Flags |R| Loc-AFI | | c +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | \| Locator | +-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Mapping Protocol Data | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
P: probing bitE: Echo-nonce capable
P: probing bitE: Echo-nonce capable
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Map-Reply
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Type=2 |P|E| Reserved | Record Count | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Nonce . . . | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | . . . Nonce | +-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Record TTL | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ R | Locator Count | EID mask-len | ACT |A| Reserved | e +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ c | Reserved | EID-AFI | o +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ r | EID-prefix | d +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | /| Priority | Weight | M Priority | M Weight | | L +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | o | Unused Flags |R| Loc-AFI | | c +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | \| Locator | +-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Mapping Protocol Data | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Number of records in the request
P: probing bitE: Echo-nonce capable
P: probing bitE: Echo-nonce capable
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Map-Reply
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Type=2 |P|E| Reserved | Record Count | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Nonce . . . | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | . . . Nonce | +-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Record TTL | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ R | Locator Count | EID mask-len | ACT |A| Reserved | e +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ c | Reserved | EID-AFI | o +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ r | EID-prefix | d +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | /| Priority | Weight | M Priority | M Weight | | L +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | o | Unused Flags |R| Loc-AFI | | c +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | \| Locator | +-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Mapping Protocol Data | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Number of records in the request
Copied from the Map-Request
P: probing bitE: Echo-nonce capable
P: probing bitE: Echo-nonce capable
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Map-Reply
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Type=2 |P|E| Reserved | Record Count | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Nonce . . . | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | . . . Nonce | +-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Record TTL | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ R | Locator Count | EID mask-len | ACT |A| Reserved | e +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ c | Reserved | EID-AFI | o +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ r | EID-prefix | d +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | /| Priority | Weight | M Priority | M Weight | | L +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | o | Unused Flags |R| Loc-AFI | | c +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | \| Locator | +-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Mapping Protocol Data | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Number of records in the request
Copied from the Map-Request
Lifetime of the record in minP: probing bitE: Echo-nonce capable
P: probing bitE: Echo-nonce capable
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Map-Reply
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Type=2 |P|E| Reserved | Record Count | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Nonce . . . | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | . . . Nonce | +-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Record TTL | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ R | Locator Count | EID mask-len | ACT |A| Reserved | e +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ c | Reserved | EID-AFI | o +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ r | EID-prefix | d +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | /| Priority | Weight | M Priority | M Weight | | L +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | o | Unused Flags |R| Loc-AFI | | c +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | \| Locator | +-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Mapping Protocol Data | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Number of records in the request
Copied from the Map-Request
Lifetime of the record in min
Authoritative bit
P: probing bitE: Echo-nonce capable
P: probing bitE: Echo-nonce capable
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Map-Reply
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Type=2 |P|E| Reserved | Record Count | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Nonce . . . | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | . . . Nonce | +-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Record TTL | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ R | Locator Count | EID mask-len | ACT |A| Reserved | e +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ c | Reserved | EID-AFI | o +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ r | EID-prefix | d +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | /| Priority | Weight | M Priority | M Weight | | L +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | o | Unused Flags |R| Loc-AFI | | c +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | \| Locator | +-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Mapping Protocol Data | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Number of records in the request
Copied from the Map-Request
Lifetime of the record in min
Authoritative bit
Negative reply action
P: probing bitE: Echo-nonce capable
P: probing bitE: Echo-nonce capable
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Map-Reply
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Type=2 |P|E| Reserved | Record Count | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Nonce . . . | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | . . . Nonce | +-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Record TTL | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ R | Locator Count | EID mask-len | ACT |A| Reserved | e +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ c | Reserved | EID-AFI | o +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ r | EID-prefix | d +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | /| Priority | Weight | M Priority | M Weight | | L +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | o | Unused Flags |R| Loc-AFI | | c +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | \| Locator | +-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Mapping Protocol Data | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Number of records in the request
Copied from the Map-Request
Lifetime of the record in min
Authoritative bit
Negative reply action
Priority : RLOCs with lower priority are preferred. If several have same priority, load balance among themWeight : percentage of traffic to this RLOC when load balancing is active.(M for multicast)
P: probing bitE: Echo-nonce capable
P: probing bitE: Echo-nonce capable
101
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Map-Reply
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Type=2 |P|E| Reserved | Record Count | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Nonce . . . | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | . . . Nonce | +-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Record TTL | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ R | Locator Count | EID mask-len | ACT |A| Reserved | e +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ c | Reserved | EID-AFI | o +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ r | EID-prefix | d +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | /| Priority | Weight | M Priority | M Weight | | L +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | o | Unused Flags |R| Loc-AFI | | c +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | \| Locator | +-> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Mapping Protocol Data | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Number of records in the request
Copied from the Map-Request
Lifetime of the record in min
Authoritative bit
Negative reply action
Priority : RLOCs with lower priority are preferred. If several have same priority, load balance among themWeight : percentage of traffic to this RLOC when load balancing is active.(M for multicast)Is record is reachable from responder’s viewpoint ?
P: probing bitE: Echo-nonce capable
P: probing bitE: Echo-nonce capable
101
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NERD: A Not-so-novel EID to RLOC Database
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NERD• The only proposed push model
• Composed of 4 parts
• a network database format;
• a change distribution format;
• a database retrieval/bootstrapping method;
• a change distribution method
• Principles
• An authority computes the mapping database based on the stored registrations
• The database signed by the authority is stored on servers
• ITR poll regularly the database servers to update their own mapping database
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LISP-DHT
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LISP-DHT
• Distribute the storage of the mappings on a distributed hash table
• Storage: DHT
• Control plane
• build over a modified chord ring
• able to enforce the position where the mappings have to be stored (e.g., one’s does not want to have its mappings stored by a competitor)
[DHT] LISP-DHT: Towards a DHT to map identifiers onto locators, Mathy and Iannone, Rearch, 2008
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LISP-DHT
• Has been proved to provide bad behaviors in the Internet
• hot-spots
• low TE capabilities
• no control on the path followed by the requests
• Still a good idea for other scenarios?
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LISP-TREE
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LISP-Tree
• DNS like approach
• Why a DNS-like mapping system?
• Troubleshooting and fault tolerance
• Scalability
• Security
• Impact of configuration errors
• Experience
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LISP-Tree in a nutshell
LTS: LISP-Tree ServerMS: Mapping ServerMR: Mapping Resolver [TREE] LISP-TREE: A DNS Hierarchy to Support the LISP Mapping System, Jakab et al., JSAC, 2010109
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LISP-Tree Iterative
110
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LISP-Tree Recursive
111
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2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
# of hops
CD
F
LISP!TREE (Iterative)LISP!TREE (Recursive)LISP+ALTLISP!DHT
Evaluation: Hop-Count
112
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 180
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Map!stretch factor
CD
F
LISP!TREE (Iterative)LISP!TREE (Recursive)LISP+ALTLISP!DHT
Evaluation: Map-stretch
113
• Map-stretch ratio: total mapping resolution time / ITR to ETR RTT
Monday 28 June 2010
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Solving the reachability problem with the SMR bit
• ETR1 has been decommissioned and ETR2 wants that all the sites currently sending encapsulated data to itself update the mapping
a.1.2.3
b.1.2.3
C/cETR1
ETR2
ITR
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
114
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Solving the reachability problem with the SMR bit
• ETR1 has been decommissioned and ETR2 wants that all the sites currently sending encapsulated data to itself update the mapping
b.1.2.3
C/c
ETR2
ITR
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
114
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Solving the reachability problem with the SMR bit
• ETR1 has been decommissioned and ETR2 wants that all the sites currently sending encapsulated data to itself update the mapping
b.1.2.3
C/c
ETR2
ITR
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
SMR =1
Map-Request
114
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Solving the reachability problem with the SMR bit
• ETR1 has been decommissioned and ETR2 wants that all the sites currently sending encapsulated data to itself update the mapping
b.1.2.3
C/c
ETR2
ITR
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
SMR =1
Map-Request
114
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Solving the reachability problem with the SMR bit
• ETR1 has been decommissioned and ETR2 wants that all the sites currently sending encapsulated data to itself update the mapping
b.1.2.3
C/c
ETR2
ITR
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
nonce = 1234
Map-Request
114
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Solving the reachability problem with the SMR bit
• ETR1 has been decommissioned and ETR2 wants that all the sites currently sending encapsulated data to itself update the mapping
b.1.2.3
C/c
ETR2
ITR
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
nonce = 1234
Map-Request
114
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Solving the reachability problem with the SMR bit
• ETR1 has been decommissioned and ETR2 wants that all the sites currently sending encapsulated data to itself update the mapping
b.1.2.3
C/c
ETR2
ITR
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
nonce = 1234
Map-Reply
114
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Solving the reachability problem with the SMR bit
• ETR1 has been decommissioned and ETR2 wants that all the sites currently sending encapsulated data to itself update the mapping
b.1.2.3
C/c
ETR2
ITR
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
nonce = 1234
Map-Reply
114
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Solving the reachability problem with the SMR bit
• ETR1 has been decommissioned and ETR2 wants that all the sites currently sending encapsulated data to itself update the mapping
b.1.2.3
C/c
ETR2
ITR
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
nonce = 1234
Map-Reply
C/c>b.1.2.3, p=1
114
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Solving the reachability problem with the SMR bit
• ETR1 has been decommissioned and ETR2 wants that all the sites currently sending encapsulated data to itself update the mapping
b.1.2.3
C/c
ETR2
ITR
C/c>a.1.2.3, p=1 b.1.2.3, p=2
C/c>b.1.2.3, p=1
114
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The life of a packet in an ITR
115
p received
is p.dest an EID?
mapping for p.dest?
encapsulate p
legacy forwarding
no
query mapping system
cache miss
drop
EID does not exist
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The life of a packet in an ETR
116
p received
is p a LISP packet?
decapsulate p
legacy forwarding
no
Monday 28 June 2010