Module No 3

Liquefied Natural Gas Bunkering

Onshore / Offshore 1 of 2

Let’s Not Guess

Why shipping?

Layers of Protection in Design

Oil Gas Price Comparison /projection

TWO MAIN DRIVERS FOR LNG AS MARINE FUEL

1. It is a clean and sustainable fuel • Future proof • Contributing to the inevitable energy transition 2. LNG provides an economic advantage to (gas)oil • There’s more available and its easier to produce • Higher energy density

Transition

Why LNG as Marine Fuel?

ECA Emissions Control Area

LNG (Methane) Emissions benefits

LNG Bunkering Threats

Natural Hazard

Public perception

Trained Personal

Policy & Regulation

Bunkering infrastructure

Price Uncertainty

History of Crude oil Prices

LNG Prices

LNG Price Projection

Increment of Gas LNG Production

Methods of Bunkering

LNG Bunker Tanks

LNG Bunkering Exclusion Zones • Hazardous Zone Spill/leak likely in this area Electrical equipment designed for hazardous areas No other ignition sources Leak/spill escalation controlled

• Safety Zone Spill/leak possible in this area Procedures required Keep 3rd parties out of area – they could escalate the leak

• Security Zone Stay out of this area to reduce likelihood of a spill occurring Stay out of this area to reduce likelihood of spill consequences Spill/leak unlikely in this area Jetty Vessel

Zone 0

• Interiors of gas tanks • Pressure relief pipework or venting systems for gas tanks • Pipes and equipment containing gas

Zone 1 • Fuel containment system spaces (except Type C with no connections) • Gas compressor or fuel preparation rooms with ventilation • Areas on open deck, or semi enclosed spaces on deck, within 3m of any hazardous outlets • Areas on open deck or semi-enclosed spaces on deck, within 1.5m of gas compressor, gas pump or fuel preparation room entrances or inlets and other openings • Areas on the open deck within spillage coamings surrounding gas bunker manifold valves and 3m beyond these, up to a height of 2.4m above the deck • Enclosed or semi-enclosed spaces in which pipes containing gas are located, e.g. Ducts around gas pipes, semi-enclosed bunker stations

Zone 2

• Type C fuel containment system space with no connections • Areas within 1.5m surrounding open or semi-enclosed spaces of zone 1

LNG Zones

Hazardous area zone definitions in accordance with IEC 60079-10-1

Zone 0 “an area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is present continuously or for long periods or frequently”

Zone 1 “an area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is likely to occur in normal operation occasionally”

Zone 2 “an area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is not likely to occur in normal operation but, if it does occur, will persist for a short period only

Active Bunkering • Amsterdam • Bremen/Bremerhaven • Brunsbüttel • Fujairah • Gothenburg • Hamburg • Le Havre • Los Angeles • Long Beach • Rotterdam • Stockholm • Zeebrugge • Leadport: • Port of Antwerp Supported by ESPO and EMSA

IGF Code, chapter 8 “Bunkering” The LNG bunkering system shall:

• Have an arrangement for purging • Not discharge gas to the atmosphere • Be fitted with a manually operated stop valve and a remote operated shutdown valve • Be possible to operate the remote valve from a control location • Be fitted with ship-shore link (or equivalent) for automatic and manual ESD

Prior Bunkering

Compatibility Assessment

Check list

Pre bunker

Activities