Lion Recovery Fund · The Lion Recovery Fund Strategy 2 The Lion Recovery Fund Strategy At a Glance...

LionRecoveryFund

StrategytoRecoverLionsandtheirLandscapes

Photo:JonMcCormack

TheLionRecoveryFundStrategy www.lionrecoveryfund.org2

TheLionRecoveryFundStrategyAtaGlance

StateoftheAfricanLionIn just 25 years,we have lost half of Africa’s lions and perhaps only 20,000 remain. Lions have beendecimatedbybushmeatpoaching, human-lion conflict, andhabitat loss.New threats areon the rise,suchastargetedpoachingoflionsandtheirparts.Yetthestateofthelionishopeful.Lionsareprolificandcanrecoverwhenprotected:researchshowsthatAfricacouldhave3to4timesthenumberoflionsithastodayifthecurrentprotectedareaswithinlionrangewereresourcedappropriately.Lionrecovery– andtherestorationoftheirlandscapesandalltheycontain–iswithinourgrasp.

VisionoftheLionRecoveryFundThe Lion Recovery Fund was created by theWildlife Conservation Network, in partnership with theLeonardoDiCaprioFoundation todouble thenumberof lions inAfrica, regaining those lions lostoverthepast25years.Inrecoveringlions,wealsoaimtorestorethehealthoftheirlandscapesandallthattheyprovide.

StrategyforLionRecovery1. ExpandtheConservationFootprint

Expand the current coverage of lion conservation across Africa.Strengthenexistingeffortsandcatalyzenewconservationinitiativeswheretherearegapsinlions’range.

2. BuildtheWillBuild the public, political, and philanthropicwill that is essential torecoverlionsandrestoretheirlandscapes.

3. ScaletheFundingSignificantlyincreasethefundingavailableforlionandlionlandscapeconservationthroughnewprivateandpublicinvestment.

LionRecoveryFundInvestmentPortfolio1. ConservationProjects

Investments on the ground in improving reserve management, advancing coexistence, andcurbingillegalwildlifetrade.

2. CampaignsInvestments that build the public, political, and philanthropicwill for lion recovery and changebehaviortoreducethreats.

3. CollaborationInvestmentsthatconveneandbuildcoalitionstomakelionconservationbigger,better,andmoreeffective.

The100%Model100%ofeachdonationtotheLionRecoveryFund isdirectlydeployedtoprojects thatconserve lions,withnooverheadnoradministrativefeestaken.

KenandMichellDyball

https://www.leonardodicaprio.org/

www.wildnet.org


TheLionRecoveryFundStrategyStateoftheAfricanLion During thepast quarter century,Africa’s lionpopulationshavedeclinedby approximatelyhalf. Latestestimatessuggestthatthenumberofwildlionsremainingisdowntojustover20,000individuals(Baueret al., 2015).Major threats facing lions are: the loss of prey through bushmeat poaching; incidentalcaptureof lionsinsnares;retaliatoryorpre-emptivekillingof lionsinresponsetohuman-lionconflict;habitat loss; encroachmentofwild spacesbyhumansand/or livestock; targetedpoachingof lions fortheirbodyparts;andpoorlymanagedtrophyhunting.Lionshavevanishedfromover80%oftheirhistoricalrange,andarenowextirpatedfrom26countriesthattheyformerlyinhabited(Baueretal.,2015).Only7nations–Botswana,Kenya,Mozambique,SouthAfrica,Tanzania,Zambia,andZimbabwe–arehometomorethan1,000lions.Nowisthetimetostopthis decline, begin recovering lion populations, and ensure lions thrive in Africa, presenting a majorcontributiontotheeconomies,ecologies,andpeopleofthecontinent. SuccessisPossible Recovering lion populations can be done. The governments ofmanyAfrican countries have set asidevastwildlifeestatesandhavedemonstratedafirmpoliticalcommitmenttotheconservationofwildlifeandwildlands.ResearchindicatesthatinmostofAfrica’sprotectedareaslionsoccuratafractionofthedensity that theycould if thoseareaswere financedandmanagedadequately.Theexistingprotectedareaestates acrossAfrica alone could support three to four times the current total lionpopulation ifthose placeswere better resourced andmanaged (Lindsey et al., 2017). There have been significantadvances in techniques and strategies that enable communities to coexistwith lions and create lion-tolerant areas outside protected areas. Furthermore, lions are able to breed quickly and can achieverelatively high densities in landscapes where they, their prey, and their habitat are protectedsufficiently.

KenandMichellDyball


TheLionRecoveryFundGiven thesehopefulopportunities, theWildlifeConservationNetwork (WCN), inpartnershipwith theLeonardoDiCaprioFoundation,createdtheLionRecoveryFund.TheLionRecoveryFund’svision is todouble the number of lions in Africa via a three-pronged strategy that expands the conservationfootprint,buildsthepublic,political,andphilanthropicwill for lionandlandscaperecovery,andscalesup the level of funding for conservation of lions and their habitat. These strategies guide the Fund’sinvestmentsacrossthreeportfolios:conservationprojectsontheground,campaignsthatbuildthewill

for lion recovery, and collaborations, as nosingle entity will be able to recover lionsalone.The Lion Recovery Fund is designed to becatalytic:itwillworktostimulatenewlevelsof financial commitment, create newconservation investments to expand theconservation footprint, scale up approachesproven to work, and convene organizationsto explore ways to work together wherecollaborationhasnotbeenpresentbefore.

TheGovernanceoftheLionRecoveryFundThoughtful and responsibleexecutionofdonor support remainsa coreprincipleof the LionRecoveryFund andWCN. The Lion Recovery Fund is steered by a science-driven strategy. It is governed by aLeadership Team atWCN and guided by the analysis of a Director who identifies and vets the bestpossible investments for lion recovery. A separate Granting Committee makes decisions on eachproposalandbringsthefrontlineofguidanceandassurancethateachinvestmentisthemosteffectiveto bring lions back. Each of these decisions benefits from the strategic review of a broader set ofStrategicAdvisorsfromacrosstheconservationcommunity.TheWildlifeConservationNetwork, inpartnershipwiththeLeonardoDiCaprioFoundation, ishonoredtohavesupportedthedesignandcreation–andcontinuedevolution–ofthisambitiousFundfortheAfricanlionandfortherecoveryofitslandscapes.

TheSuccessoftheSpeciesFundModelIn2013aviolentcrisisemergedthatwasdecimatingelephantpopulations,anchoredinhumangreedfortheirivory.TheWildlifeConservationNetworkanditspartnerSaveTheElephantsrecognizedthatnosingleinstitutioncouldadequatelyaddresstheanti-poaching,anti-trafficking,anddemandreductionactionsneededtorecoverelephants.Collaboration,highefficiency,speedofdelivery,andsupportofthebestideasratherthanasingleinstitutionwerecritical.Withtheseprinciples,andapartnershipwiththeLeonardoDiCaprioFoundation(LDF),theElephantCrisisFundwasborn.Todate,thisapproachtowildlifephilanthropyhasraisedmorethan$17million,supportedmorethan80partnersacrossAfricaandAsia,andhassupportedalmost200projectsacross31countriestoprotectelephantsandendthetrade.Allsignalspointedtotheneedforasimilarscaled-upandcatalyticfundingmechanismtoaddressthedeclineoflions.WCNandLDFthuscreatedtheLionRecoveryFund,followingthesesameprinciplesoftheElephantCrisisFundmodel.TheLionRecoveryFundmaintainsthe!00%modelwherebyalldonorfundsgotoconservation,respondsrapidlyandefficientlywithminimalbureaucracy,hassoundvettingofprojectswhichensuresconfidenceindonorinvestment,andholdsanappetiteforinnovationandcalculatedrisksonbigideasthatcouldacceleratelionrecovery.

KenandMichellDyball

www.wildnet.org

https://www.leonardodicaprio.org/


LionRecoveryFund:VisionandGoalsVision:TodoublethenumberoflionsinAfrica.Inthepast25years, lionnumbershavebeencut inhalfacrossAfrica.ThevisionoftheLionRecoveryFundistobringthathalfback,recoveringlionscontinent-wideto~40,000individualsby2050.

GoalsToachievethisvision,wewillworkwithconservationpartnersto:

1. Reverseliondeclinesandhaltcountry-levelextinctions2. Achievenetpositivelionpopulationgrowth,orstabilityinpopulationsthatarenearcarrying

capacity,inprioritylandscapesAdetailed,measurable, and shared roadmapof time-limitedmilestones isunderdevelopmentwithacoalitionofinstitutionsandleadingindividualswhoarecommittedtopullinginonedirectiontorecoverlionsandrestoretheirlandscapes.

TheLionRecoveryStrategyThereisgeneralconsensusthatrecoveringlionsandrestoringlandscapeacrosstheirrangewillrequireconcertedeffortsacrossthreestrategies.LionandLionscaperecoverwillrequirethatwe,asacommunity:! ExpandtheConservationFootprint

Expand the current footprint of lionconservation across Africa. Strengthenexisting efforts and catalyze newconservationinitiativeswheretherearegapsinlions’range.

! BuildtheWillBuild public, political and philanthropicwillthatisessentialtorecoverlionsandrestoretheirlandscapes.

! ScaletheFundingSignificantly increase the fundingavailable for lion conservation throughnewprivateandpublicinvestment.

JonMcCormack


1. ExpandtheConservationFootprintStrengthenexistingmanagementandinitiatenewactionwheretherearegapsLatest research indicates that if properly resourced and effectivelymanaged, Africa’s protectedareascouldsupportapopulationthreetofourtimesgreaterthanthecurrentpopulation(Lindseyet al., 2017). One of themost transformative approaches to reversing lion declines is tomaketheseprotectedlandscapes–theircoreprotectedareas,thecorridorsthatconnectthem,andthecommunal lands in and around them – more protective, tolerant, and compatible with lionpopulations. Lions canbeprolific, and they could recover in these landscapes if theyhadmorecomplete protection in key areas, viable corridors for uninhibitedmovements and dispersal oflionsfromonecoretothenext,healthynaturalpreybases,communitiesthattookprideintheirexistenceorat leasttoleratedthecostsof livingwithlions,andstrongpoliciesandenforcementonwildlifecrime.Iftheselandscapesweremanagedaslionscapes,lionlosscouldbereversedandlionpopulationscouldrecover.TheLionRecoveryFund,therefore,aimstoturncorereservesandthecommunallandsinsideandaround them into vast lionscapes that anchor the long-term conservation and recovery of thespecies and the wild ecosystems upon which they depend. To do this, we need to work withpartners to strengthen existing efforts while expanding the conservation footprint, stimulatingneweffortsinregionsthathavelackedconservationinvestment.

2. BuildtheWillCampaignstobuildstrong,positivewillforlionconservationFor themost part, people around theworld are unfamiliarwith the dramatic reduction in lionnumbers,whattheirlossmeansforeconomiesandecologies,orwhatcanbedonetoaddressit.Similarly,manylivingwithinlionrangeeitherdonotknowofthedeclineinlions,areapathetic,orare actively antagonistic in their attitudes towards them, often with good reason. Further, thepoliticalwillofAfricangovernmentsisoftennotadequatetoallowfortheeffectiveresourcingofprotectedareas,orfortakingthe legislativestepstoalloweffectiveconservationoncommunityandprivatelands.Whilelionsmaywellbereveredwithindonorcountriesaslogosandmascots,politicalwillandphilanthropyfromtheUnitedStatesandotherdevelopednationsisinadequate.Recognizing that these are fundamental obstacles to achieving lion protection and recovery atscale,theLionRecoveryFundhasmadecentraltoitsstrategycatalyzinginvestmentsincampaignsthatamplifythepublic,political,andphilanthropiccommitmenttolionrecovery.TheLionRecoveryFundstrategyaimstobuild:• PublicWillbytakingcreativeandstrategicactionstoensuretargetedsegmentsofsocietyin

Africaandabroadaresignificantlymoreawareofthelioncrisisandinvestintheirrecovery.In Africa, efforts to raise public will must include both communities living with lions andurbanresidentstocreateaconstituencyforconservation.

• Political Will such that governments in Africa invest more in their protected areas, anddonor governments elevate their support to them in this effort. There is a further andequallysignificantneedforsupportivepoliciesthatprotectorconnectlionlandscapesandthatsupporthuman-wildlifeconflictabatementefforts.


• Philanthropic Will such that the financial support of corporations, large foundations, bi-

lateral government aid agencies, multi-lateral agencies, and private individuals isdramaticallyelevatedtoresourcetherecoveryoflionsandtheirlandscapes.

3. ScaletheFundingSignificantlyincreasefundingneededtorecoverlionsRecent studies of the funding needed to secure Africa’s savannah protected areas show thatapproximatelythree-quartersofprotectedareasinlionrangeoperateatabudgetdeficitandtheaveragefundinginthoseareasis<10%ofwhatisneeded.Thus,withoutasignificantelevationofsupport,wearegoingtoseeongoing,dramaticdeclinesintheabundanceanddistributionoflionsandtheirprey–evenwithinprotectedareas(Lindseyetal.,Inreview).Todoublethenumberoflions,thefundingforlionconservationmustsignificantlyincrease.The Lion Recovery Fund is designed to be catalytic, not only raising funds directly but alsoleveragingadditionalfundsfromothergroups.Conveningphilanthropistswithacommoninterestin Africa can allow for the sharing of new and leveraged ways to donate. It can seek ways toovercomeobstacles tophilanthropy (such asperceptions about corruption). Collaborative grantmaking(seeboxbelow)canalsoresultinefficienciesinprojectvetting,extensionofthedurationof funding for long-term recovery efforts, and complementary investment to address multipleneedsinalandscapeofcommoninterest.Duetothedisparitybetweenthescaleofneedandcurrentavailablefunding,theLionRecoveryFundisdesignedtosupportinterventionsthatareeffectiveandcostefficientandwhicharelikelytoleverageadditionalresourcesforlionconservation.

TheLionRecoveryFund’sInvestmentPortfolioToadvancethisthree-partstrategy,theLionRecoveryFundinvestsinthreeprogrammaticportfolios:

1. Conservationprojectsonthegroundattheforefrontoflion/landscapeconservation.2. Campaigns that build public, political, and philanthropicwill for lion recovery, and change

behaviortoreducethreats.3. Collaborations that convene players and build coalitions for aligned efforts to make

conservationoflionsbigger,better,andmoreeffective.

1. ConservationProjectsInvestmentstogrowtheconservationfootprintforlionsandtheirhabitatsTheLionRecoveryFundtargetsfieldconservationeffortsthat:

• Expandanddeepentheprotectionandmanagementoflionlandscapes


The Fund supports projects that aim to strengthen and expand the protection and effectivemanagementof critical lion coreareas.The supportof co-managementpartnershipsbetweenNGOs andwildlife authorities for themanagement of protected areas is essential to improveprotected areas’ ability to securelions, their habitats and their prey.TheFundwill investinstrengtheningexisting co-management andtechnical assistance projects, scalingup projects that are working, andcatalyzing new protection andmanagement in areas that currentlylack a conservation presence.Projects involving the managementand protection of land need notfocussolelyonlions–solongaslionsand their prey benefit from thepresence of improved protection ofwildlifeandhabitats.

• Promotecoexistenceandconnectivity

TheAfricanhumanpopulation israpidlygrowingand isexpanding into lion landscapes. Livingwith lions ishard for thesecommunities,butcoexistence isabsolutelywithin reach.TheFundinvests in supporting coexistence between people and lions to make it easier, if noteconomicallyor culturallybeneficial, to livewith growing lionpopulations. These investmentswill make the effective management of neighboring protected areas easier; will expand theconservationreachofprotectedareas;andwillhelptoachieveconnectivitybetweenthecorereserveswithin lion range. Key field activities that the Fund supports include projects that a)reducethecostsbornebycommunitiesassociatedwithlivingwithlionsandtheirpreysuchas

conflict mitigation teams andstrengthening bomas/kraals forlivestock; b) incentivizecoexistencebetween communitiesand wildlife by creating benefitsfor local people or building localpride inwildlife conservation; andc) support the management ofland, livestock and wildlife incommunity areas to address rootcausesofconflictbetweenhumansandlionpopulations.

• TackletheillegalwildlifetradeTheillegaltradeinlionskinsandparts,aswellastheillegalharvestingofwildlifeforbushmeat,are rising and significant threats. The Fund invests in projects to tackle the trafficking anddemandforthesewildlifeproductstoreducepoachingoflionsandtheirprey.Thiswillinvolveinvestments in such initiatives as the training of law enforcement agencies, anti-trafficking

TyrelBernardini

SusanMcConnell


projects to disrupt trade routes and networks, and demand reduction campaigns. Suchinterventionswillbesupportedboth inAfricaand inothercontinentswherewildlifeproductsareconsumed.

2. CampaignsBuildingthewillforconservationandchangingbehaviorthatthreatenslionsThe Lion Recovery Fund invests in campaigns that build public and political will. Campaigns willincentivize philanthropic engagement in lion conservation to accelerate funding available for lionrecovery.Campaigninvestments,forexample,maysupportengagementofanindustryorcompaniestosupportlionconservationfinanciallyandtellthestoryoflionlossandrecoverytocustomers,orcreativeideastoharnessdonationsfromtargetedpopulationswithinwesternnations(e.g.zoovisitors)thatarelikelytocommittosupportinglionconservationifonlytheyweremadeawareoftheissuesathand.The Lion Recovery Fund also invests in campaigns that change behaviour that threatens lions; forexample,onegrantsupportedacampaignencouragingurbanZambianstostopbuyingbushmeat,whichdecimatesthelionpreybaseandkills lionsinsnares(seeAppendix1).Campaigninvestmentscanalsoencouragedeepersocio-culturalsupportforlionconservation,suchasfosteringnationalprideforlionsorimprovingattitudesforlivingalongsidethem. Fundamentaltoanycampaigninvestmentwillbemeasurableactivitiesthatleaddirectlytoconservationoutcomes and/or clearly defined pathways toward the strategy for lion recovery. The Lion RecoveryFundencourages such campaigns to come fromnot just inside the conservation community, but alsofrom for-profit and other entities beyond traditional environmental organizations that are skilled inchangingbehaviorsandbuildingcommitment.


3. CollaborationsFacilitatingalliancestoadvancelionrecoveryandputLionsBeforeLogosDoublinglionnumbersandrecoveringtheirlandscapesisaboldgoal–onethatwillrequiretheactionsofmanydedicatedinstitutions–whichiswhyithasbeendesignedtobecatalyticinitsgrantmakingandcollaborative in its approach. Competition among conservation groups, funding bodies, and otherstakeholdershasbeenamajorimpedimenttoconservationsuccess.A coalition of conservation organizations (whether focused on lions, community development, orprotectedareamanagement)mustcometogetherandcoordinatetheirinvestmentsoftime,fundsandenergy. The Wildlife Conservation Network has always played a supportive role to others, boostingpartners’efforts.TheLionRecoveryFundthereforehopestousethisneutralroletohelpconvenekeyplayers, from large internationalorganizations tosmallgrassrootsentities,andbuildalignmentwherepossibleamongst these institutionsso thatconservationpractitionersareworking together towardsacommon agenda and roadmap to conserve lions and their landscapes. The Lion Recovery Fund willinvestinpartnershipsandoutcome-focusedgatheringsthatwillencouragecollaborativeeffortstoscaleupconservationforlionsandtheirlandscapes.

WhereWilltheLionRecoveryFundSupportLionConservation?Webelievethatalllionpopulationsmatter–notjustfromageneticorpopulationperspective,butalsofrom a social and political perspective. We consider projects throughout the entire lion range. Ourconservationinvestmentsarewithinamixedportfolioofsiteswherewecan:• Retain lions,toensurethatthelargestpopulationsthatremainareprotected.This,forexample,

would include some of the landscapes in Tanzania, Kenya, Botswana, Mozambique, Zambia andZimbabwe.

CollaborationatWorkApartnershipbetweentheLionRecoveryFundandNationalGeographic’sBigCatsInitiative.TheLionRecoveryFundandNationalGeographicSociety’sBigCatsInitiative(BCI)arecombiningforcestoinvestinlionlandscapestogether.Inadditiontojointfundraisingandconveningaroundkeythreatsandstrategiesforlions,thetwoinitiativeshavecommittedtothreewaystheywillcoordinategrantprograms:1. SequentialFunding.Multi-yearfundingisneededformanyconservationfootprintandcoexistenceprojects,butis

oftenlackingorlimitedbygrantmakers.Inlandscapesandprojectsofmutualinterest,LRFandBCIwillworktosequentiallyfundprojectstomaketheirdollarsgofurtherandextendthefundingcommitment.

2. ComplementaryFunding.Inlandscapesofmutualconcernthetwoinstitutionscanchoosetoinvestinpreferredbutcomplementaryapproachestomoreholisticallyaddresstheneedsofalionlandscape.Forexample,theLRFmightchoosetoincreaselawenforcementandmanagementofanationalreserve,whileBCIcoordinatesitsgivingtoaddresshuman-lionconflictarounditsboundaries.

3. CoFunding.WherethereareurgentorcriticallyimportantprojectsthatareofmutualinteresttobothinstitutionsBCIandtheLRFmayco-investtoensuretheprojecthassufficientfundinginatimelymannertoexpandthefootprintorpromotecoexistence.


• Recover lions in landscapes that arebelow their prey and lion populationcarrying capacity, and help thosenumbers recover. This would includesitesinawiderangeofcountriessuchasZambia,Ethiopia,andMozambique.

• Rescue the most imperilled lionpopulations and ensure that there arenofurthernational-levelextinctions– inplaces like Angola, Malawi, West andCentralAfrica,Uganda,SudanandSouthSudan.

Tofurtherguideprojectinvestments,anumberofcriteriarelatingtoprospectivesitesandpartnerorganizationsareusedasthebasisforassessingthelikelyreturnoninvestmentfromagrant.SeeAppendix2.

Summaryofprojectsfundedin2017Numberofprojects 13Numberofcountries 9Numberofpartners 11Amountallocated $1.147millionNumberofProjectsbyobjective• Expandtheconservationfootprint:7• Promotehuman-lioncoexistence:3• Tackletheillegalwildlifetrade:2• Reintroducelionswheretheycanrecover:1


WhyisWCN’sLionRecoveryFundDifferent?100%Model Our100%modelensureseverycentofyourdonateddollarisinvestedin

lions,withzeroadministrativeoroverheadfees.

LionsNotLogos Nooneorganizationcanrecoverlionssingle-handedly.TheLRFworkstouniteeffortsandinvestmentsthroughcollaborativeefforts.

AVCforLions Likeaconservationventurecapitalfirm,theLRFseeksoutinnovativeideas

andprovidesseedfundingfornewprojects,orbolstersapproachesknowntowork.

IdeasnotInstitutions Wesupportthebestideas,notanyonesingleinstitution,whetherthose

ideascomefromindividuals,smallorganizations,orlargernon-profits.

Range-Wide TheLRFbelievesalllionsmatter,andinvestsinprojectstorecoverlionsthroughouttheirentirerange.

Leadership TheLRFisgovernedbyacommittedteamofconservationand

philanthropicprofessionals,withaBoard,aGrantingCommittee,aCampaignsCommittee,andateamoftechnicaladvisorsthatbringsoundconservation,philanthropy,andcommunications.

TalktoUsWewelcomeyourfeedbackandyoursupportinthisboldstrategytobringlionsback!Pleasecontact:Jeffrey(“Jefe”)Parrish,PhDVicePresidentforConservationWildlifeConservationNetwork+1.720.289.4677jefe@wildnet.org

KenandMichellDyball


Appendix1. ExamplesofLionRecoveryFundInvestments

SecuringtheheartlandoftheWestAfricanlion’srangeGrantee:AfricanParksNetworkProjectType:ExpandingconservationfootprintLocation:PendjariNationalPark,BeninGrantAmount:$100,000ProjectDuration:2yearsTheWestAfricanLionisCriticallyEndangered.PendjariNationalParkinBeninformspartofthe10,488mi2W-Arly-Pendjari(WAP)protectedareacomplexthatstraddlesBenin,BurkinaFaso,andNigerandwhichholds90%ofWestAfrica’slions.PendjariretainsthelargestwildlifepopulationintheWAPcomplex,includingitspopulationofabout110lions.Theparkcouldconceivablyhold3xtimesthatnumbergivenadequatelawenforcementandmanagement.AfricanParksNetworkhavesignedin2017along-termcontracttoassumemanagementofthepark.TheLionRecoveryFundhasgrantedfundingforincreasinglawenforcementinthecomplex,forunderstandinglionpopulationsizesandmovements,andforappraisingtheimpactoftrophyhuntingonlionsinthearea.TheLRF’sgrantwillunlockasmuchas2xmorefundingfromtheWyssFoundationwhichwasallocatedtoAfricanParksNetworkasachallengematching-grant.

PhilHenschel


Incentivizinghuman-lioncoexistenceGrantee:RuahaCarnivoreProjectType:PromotingcoexistencebetweenpeopleandwildlifeLocation:RuahaNationalPark,TanzaniaGrantAmount:$120,000Duration:3yearsTheRuahaCarnivoreProject(RCP)isreceivingfundingfromtheLRFforexpansionofitscommunityengagementprojectonthebordersofRuahaNationalParkinTanzania.RuahaisconsideredtoholdoneofthemostsignificantlionpopulationsinAfrica.Theproject,ledbyDr.AmyDickman,aimstoreducehuman-lionconflictandtoreducebothretaliatoryandritualkillingoflions.Inaddition,sheistriallinginnovativetechniquestoincentivisecoexistencebetweenpeopleandcarnivores.Onesuchinnovationistheuseof‘performancepayments’forcommunities,basedontheabundanceanddiversityofwildlifeontheirland–toincentivizeactiveprotectionofwildlifeinthecommunitylandsaroundRuaha.TheLRFwillhelpRCPexpandthisprojectfrom12to16villages.

SusanMcConnell


CombattingthedemandforbushmeatinZambiaGrantee:TheWildlifeCrimePreventionProjectType:TacklingillegalwildlifetradeLocation:ZambiaGrantAmount:$69,920Duration:1yearTheillegalbushmeattradeisprobablythesinglegreatestthreattowildlife(includinglions)inZambia.Bushmeatpoachinghasreducedpreypopulationssignificantly,eveninprotectedareas.Lionsarekilleddirectlyinthewiresnaressetbypoacherstocatchungulates,suchasimpalasandbuffaloes,whichlionseat.Anincreasingproportionofbushmeatpoachingisdoneforcommercialtradetourbanareas.ArecentstudyonthebushmeattradeinZambiademonstratedthelimitedunderstandingofconsumersofbushmeatregardingtheimpactsoftheirconsumptiononwildlifepopulations,onprospectsfortourisminZambiaandthusforjobcreation.WildlifeCrimePreventioncreatedacampaignfundedbytheLRFtoeducatethepublicinZambiaaboutthenegativeimpactsofconsumingbushmeatsourcedfrompoachers.Theircampaignraisesawarenessof:thedamagedonetotheZambianeconomybyillegalbushmeathuntingbyunderminingtourism;theillegalityofbeinginpossessionofortradinginillegally-sourcedbushmeat;healthissuesassociatedwithconsumingillegalbushmeat;thefactthatconsumersareoftenmisledregardingthespeciesbeingconsumed;andthedifferencebetweenillegalandunsustainablebushmeatandlegalandsustainable‘gamemeat’.


Appendix2. CriteriaforselectingsitesandpartnersforinvestmentbytheLion

RecoveryFund.Site-basedcriteria DescriptionSizeofpopulation Largerpopulationscoreshigher.

Potentialincrease Greaterpotential,higherscore.

Vulnerabilityofnationalpopulation

Greatervulnerability,higherscore.

Otherwildlife Keyspecies-wilddogs,cheetahs,elephants,blackandwhiterhinos.

Managementbudget Higherpriorityforsiteswithgreaterfinancialneed/fewerresources–andforsiteswithlessdonoractivity.

Scopeforeffectivecommunityengagement

Priorityforsiteswherecommunityengagementisneededandislikelytohappeneffectively.

Partnerbasedcharacteristics DescriptionDoestheorganisationhavepermissionsfortheworkinplace?

Partnerswithout clear evidence of permission (or a high likelihood ofobtainingit)willnotbeconsideredforLRFinvestment.

Adequateadminandaccountingcapacity

Partnerswithouttheseskillswillnotbeconsidered.

Qualityofpotentialpartner(reputation,experience,accountability)

Partner strength considered to be the singlemost important factor insite-choice.

Financialsustainabilityofinstitution Higher priority for sites where the partner has better prospects ofsustainingtheconservationeffortintheabsenceofLRFfunding.

Scopeforleverageoffunding Higherpriority for siteswherewecan leverage funding/conservationactionandco-investment.


LiteratureCitedBaghai,M.,J.Miller,L.J.Blanken,H.Dublin,K.Fitzgerald,P.Gandiwa,K.Laurenson,J.Milanzi,

A.Nelson,andP.Lindsey.2018.ModelsforthecollaborativemanagementofAfrica'sprotectedareas.BiologicalConservation218(2018):73-82.

Bauer,H.,G.Chapron,K.Nowell,P.Henschel,P.Funston,L.Hunter,D.Macdonald,andC.

Packer.2015.Lion(Pantheraleo)populationsaredecliningrapidlyacrossAfrica,exceptinintensivelymanagedareas.ProcNatlAcadSciUSA112(48):14894–14899.

Bauer,H.,C.Packer,P.Funston,P.Henschel,&K.Nowell.2016.Pantheraleo(errataversion

publishedin2017).TheIUCNRedListofThreatenedSpecies2016:e.T15951A115130419.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T15951A107265605.en.Downloadedon21February2018.

Lindsey,P.,L.Petracca,P.Funston,H.Bauer,A.Dickman,K.Everatt,M.Flyman,P.Henschel,

A.E.Hinks,S.Kasiki,A.Loveridge,D.W.Macdonald,R.Mandisodza,W.Mgoola,S.M.Miller, S.Nazerali,L.Siege,K.Uiseb,L.Hunter.2017.TheperformanceofAfricanprotectedareasforlionsandtheirprey.BiologicalConservation209(2017)137–149.

Lindsey,Peter,J.Miller,L.Petracca,H.Bauer,A.Dickman,K.Fitzgerald,M.Flyman,P.Funston,

P.Henschel,L.Hunter,S.Kasiki,A.Loveridge,D.MacDonald,R.Mandisodza,S.Nazerali,R.Stevens,H,VanZyl,Inreview.FinancialshortfallsfacingAfricanprotectedareasforlionconservation.

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