Linux, Software Livre e Open Source
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Transcript of Linux, Software Livre e Open Source
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Linux e Software Livre
Claudio Penasio Jr.Claudio Penasio Jr.
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Claudio Penasio Junior
● Bacharel em Matemática com Informática Fundação Santo André
● Certificado RHCE - RedHat em 2003 e 2009
● Diretor de Suporte (IPEM – SP)
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O que é Linux?
SistemaOperacional
Mac OSApple
UNIX
Linux
WindowsMicrosoft
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Sistema Operacional
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Você usa Linux?
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Linux?
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Linux / Minix / Unix
Linus Torvalds, um estudante finlandês da Universidade de Helsinki, precisava do Minix, uma versão para PC do Unix, mas o Minix custava caro para ele na época, então...Em 1991, durante as férias de inverno, Torvalds desenvolveu o Kernel do Linux (Núcleo do SO).
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O início
From: [email protected] (Linus Benedict Torvalds)
Newsgroups: comp.os.minix
Subject: What would you like to see most in minix?
Date: 25 Aug 91 20:57:08 GMT
Organization: University of Helsinki
Hello everybody out there using minix -
I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and
professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones.
...
I've currently ported bash(1.08) and gcc(1.40), and things seem to work.
This implies that I'll get something practical within a few months, and
I'd like to know what features most people would want. Any suggestions
are welcome, but I won't promise I'll implement them :-)
...
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Free Software Foundation
Início 1984
Richard Stallman
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Free Software Foundation
GNU General Public License (Licença Pública Geral), GNU GPL ou simplesmente GPL, é a designação da licença para software livre idealizada por Richard Stallman em 1989, no âmbito do projeto GNU da Free Software Foundation (FSF).
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License
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Free Software Foundation
“Software livre” é uma questão de liberdade, não de preço.Liberdade de executar, copiar, distribuir, estudar, mudar e melhorar o software. “Liberdade de expressão” diferente de “cerveja grátis”.Todo Software Livre não pode depender de um software não Livre.
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Fundamentos da GPL
● liberdade de usar o software para qualquer fim,● liberdade de mudar o software para atender às suas
necessidades ,● liberdade de compartilhar o software com seus
amigos e vizinhos , e● liberdade de compartilhar as alterações feitas .
Quando um programa oferece aos usuários todas essas liberdades , chamamos isso de software livre .
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Open Source Initiative
● The Cathedral and Bazar.● 1998 Open Source Initiative● Open Source Definition
http://opensource.org/docs/osd
● Em 1997 Erick Raymond Lança
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Definição de Open Source https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Código_aberto
● Distribuição livre.● Código fonte● Trabalhos Derivados● Integridade do autor do código fonte● Não discriminação contra pessoas ou grupos
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Definição de Open Source https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Código_aberto
● Não discriminação contra áreas de atuação● Distribuição da Licença● Licença não específica a um produto● Licença não restrinja outros programas● Licença neutra em relação a tecnologia
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Timeline
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Qual a cara do Linux?
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Qual a cara do Linux?
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Interfaces Gráficas - Gnome
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Interfaces Gráficas - KDE
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Interfaces Gráficas - Unity
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Interfaces Gráficas - LXDE
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Interfaces Gráficas – Mate
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Interfaces Gráficas – Cinamon
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Servidor X
X Window System ou X11, um sistema que implementa o protocolo X
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Padronização
Programa
Arquivo de Configuração
Código Fonte
Interface gráfica
/bin /dev /home /lib64 /media /opt /root /sbin /sys /usr/boot /etc /lib /lost+found /mnt /proc /run /srv /tmp var
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Árvore de Diretórios
/bin /dev /home /lib64 /media /opt /root /sbin /sys /usr/boot /etc /lib /lost+found /mnt /proc /run /srv /tmp var
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Distribuições - Algumas Distros
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Gerenciamento de Pacotes
Outros
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Gerenciamento de Pacotes
YUM / DNF
RPM
InstalaArquivos
em diretórios
Verifica
APT
DPKG
InstalaArquivos
em diretórios
Verifica
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Aplicações
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Libre Office
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GIMP - GNU Image Manipulation Program