LINSEED

A SOURCE OF OMEGA 3

Linseed

• Linseed and Flax are the same species• 15,000 years of production

Fibre - linen

Seed - animal feed

- oil (paints, glues, varnishes, linoleum)

Linseed – a source of omega 3 n- 3 % total FA

Spring grass 60

Algae 60

Typical Maize/Soybean diet 5

Linseed 55

Fish 30

Rapeseed 9

Soyabean 8

Sunflower 1

Maize 1

Linseed – a source of omega 3 for the human diet

• Simple• Traditional• Natural• Sustainable• Low cost

The Problem• 60% of fat intake from animal products (meat,

milk, eggs)• Animal products have changed because animal

feeds have changed• Feeding less forage, more cereals & soya (high

n6, low n3)• So animal products higher n6, lower n3• So human diet higher n6, lower n3

A simple solution• Correct the imbalance in animal feeds• Include 5% LINSEED (best available, natural

source)• Increases n3 and improves n6:n3 ratio in milk,

meat, eggs• Increases n3 and improves n6:n3 ratio in our diet

and changes human lipid profile accordingly

• System now established in France

Linseed – a source of omega 3

2 3 1.6 1.1 6.6 17 39 9 21 Linseed diet

15 30 0.8 1.8 0.6 19 42 8 23 Control

Egg

3 3 0.1 0.2 0.9 3 26 11 26 Linseed diet

7 6 0.1 0.2 0.3 2 20 9 34 Control

Milk

n-3 / C18 :3

n-3 +

C22:6 n-3

n-6 / C18 :2 n-6

C20:5 n-3

C20 :4 n-6

C18 :3 n-3

C18 :2 n-6

C18: 1 C18 :0 C16 :0

Linseed – a source of omega 3

3 3 0.4 1.6 6 15 39 7 18 Linseed diet

10 12 0.2 1.9 1.4 17 41 7 22 Control

Chicken

3 4 0.4 1 2.9 11 42 14 22 Linseed diet

7 10 0.2 1.3 1.1 11 44 13 23 Control

Pork

n-3 / C18 :3

n-3 +

C22:6 n-3

n-6 / C18 :2 n-6

C20:5 n-3

C20 :4 n-6

C18 :3 n-3

C18 :2 n-6

C18: 1 C18 :0 C16 :0

Theoretical effect on human fat intake

Control productsFA g/day C16:0 C18:1 n-6 n-3

Milk fat 33 34% 20% 2,2% 0,4%

Pork fat 12 23% 44% 12,5% 1,3%

Egg fat 3 23% 42% 20,8% 1,4%

Poultry 3 22% 41% 18,9% 1,6%

Total (g/d)

51 15,3 14,4 3,4 0,4

n-6 / n-3 ratio = 8,5

Theoretical effect on human fat intake

‘Linseed’ ProductsC16:0 C18:1 n-6 n-3

Milk fat 33 26% 26% 3,0% 1,1%

Pork fat 12 22% 42% 12% 3,3%

Egg fat 3 21% 39% 18,1% 8,2%

Poultry 3 18% 39% 16,6% 6,4%

Total (g/d)

51 12,4 16,0 3,5 1,2

n-6 / n-3 ratio = 2,9 versus 8,5

Actual effect on human fat intakeProtocol

Zootechnical tests Products Volunteers

Test batch: 5% Tradilin Standard batch: isoprotein and energy

Test products Standard products

Crossover - double-blind

Milk cows Beef cows Pigs Table hens Laying hens Sheep

Milk, butter Beef Pork, pork products Chicken Eggs Lamb

75 healthy adults aged from 25 - 45 years, divided into 3 groups. Duration of 3 months, prohibition of any other animal product

Measurements

- On the products: Hedonic tests and sensory analyses, lipid profiles of products

- On the volunteers: 7 blood samples: Lipid profiles of serum and red corpuscles

ResultsProducts - More n3 (ALA, EPA, DHA)

- More conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) - n6:n3 ratio reduced (54% in butter,

60% in meat, 86% in eggs)Total diet - More ALA (1.65g vs 0.75g/day)

- More EPA/DHA- n6:n3 ratio reduced (7 vs 15)

People - In plasma ALA increased (0.93% vs 0.44%) and increased EPA/DHA/CLA- In red corpuscles increased EPA &

DHA

Sensory Characteristics• Numerous taste tests carried out

(triangular tests, preference tests, sensory analysis)

• Eggs and butter from linseed fed animals are preferred

• Meats are preferred and - have more flavour - are more tender - are more juicy

Confirmed in Scientific Studies

• Feeding linseed to animals produces milk, meat, eggs high in n3 (ALA, EPA, DHA)

• Eating these animal products

- increases our intake of n3 (ALA, EPA, DHA)

- improves the n6:n3 ratio of our diet

- improves our blood lipid profile• The foods taste better!

Commercial System• Developed and fine-tuned in France• Selected high ALA linseed varieties• Patented cooking process• 1.6 million tonnes of ‘linseed’ feed• Numerous food products

- many under BBC logo

- also own brands (Monoprix/Carrefour)

Linseed – a source of omega 3 for the human diet

• Simple• Traditional• Natural• Sustainable• Low cost

In Addition….• Commercially proven in neighbouring country• Opportunity for added-value supply chains• Improved health and well-being of livestock• Improved sensory characteristics for consumers• Improved health without changing diet• Marvellous marketing opportunity!