LINNAEUS AND HIS...

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AUTUMN 1981 Vol. VI: No. 4 LINNAEUS AND HIS GARDEN by Pto6e2mon James L. Larson Linnaeus wrote about botanical gardens time and again throughout his long career, and for most of his adult life he lived in the old professorial residence in a corner of the academic garden in Uppsala. As a young man he had visited many of the important gardens in Holland and in England, and he had even inspected the royal gardens in Paris in the company of Bernard de Jussieu. As for those gardens he had not seen personally - Padua, Pisa, Vienna, Leipzig, and Berlin, to name only a few - their folio descriptions were arranged systematically in his library and were a part of his regular working apparatus. His knowledge of gardens and gardening was encyclopedic, equal to that of any contemporary and probably to that of almost everyone since. But it is clear that if he could modern university, Berkeley's ercise in imagination which in his dissertations - he by its picturesque dispo- the activities that go tainly he would not un- character of the garden to a relatively large of a newsletter. The public, in the forever linked with visited gardens, passed eye, and invariably took decided opinion. "Such more the brute creation, them whatever is curious into nature deemed mere expected from such persons; possible. Their place, wherever that might be, was CARL LINNAEUS 1707-1778 certainly outside the walls of the aca- demic garden in Upp- sala. Patrons, on the other hand, constituted a very different and much smaller class of persons. In the aristocratic and hierarchical Sweden of the eighteenth century, the potential patrons of a professor of medicine extended upward from the royal chancellor through the leaders of parliament to the king himself. Their aid was indispensable when there was an expedition to be mounted, a dissertation to be visit the botanical garden of any say, as it exists today - an ex- he himself often made use of would be puzzled not only sition, but by many of on there. Almost cer- derstand the public nor the need to appeal group of people by means mind of Linnaeus, was the kind of men who them over with a careless the liberty of giving a men," he wrote, "resemble than rational creatures; to is disgustful, and inquiries folly." No support could be their attitude made science im-

Transcript of LINNAEUS AND HIS...

  • AUTUMN 1981 Vol. VI: No. 4

    LINNAEUS AND HIS GARDENby Pto6e2mon James L. Larson

    Linnaeus wrote about botanical gardens time and again throughout his long career,

    and for most of his adult life he lived in the old professorial residence in a

    corner of the academic garden in Uppsala. As a young man he had visited many of

    the important gardens in Holland and in England, and he had even inspected the

    royal gardens in Paris in the company of Bernard de Jussieu. As for those gardens

    he had not seen personally - Padua, Pisa, Vienna, Leipzig, and Berlin, to name

    only a few - their folio descriptions were arranged systematically in his library

    and were a part of his regular working apparatus. His knowledge of gardens and

    gardening was encyclopedic, equal to that of any contemporary and probably to that

    of almost everyone since.

    But it is clear that if he could

    modern university, Berkeley's

    ercise in imagination which

    in his dissertations - he

    by its picturesque dispo-

    the activities that go

    tainly he would not un-

    character of the garden

    to a relatively large

    of a newsletter.

    The public, in the

    forever linked with

    visited gardens, passed

    eye, and invariably took

    decided opinion. "Such

    more the brute creation,

    them whatever is curious

    into nature deemed mere

    expected from such persons;

    possible. Their place, wherever

    that might be, was CARL LINNAEUS 1707-1778 certainly outsidethe walls of the aca- demic garden in Upp-

    sala.

    Patrons, on the other hand, constituted a very different and much smaller class of

    persons. In the aristocratic and hierarchical Sweden of the eighteenth century,

    the potential patrons of a professor of medicine extended upward from the royal

    chancellor through the leaders of parliament to the king himself. Their aid wasindispensable when there was an expedition to be mounted, a dissertation to be

    visit the botanical garden of any

    say, as it exists today - an ex-

    he himself often made use of

    would be puzzled not only

    sition, but by many of

    on there. Almost cer-

    derstand the public

    nor the need to appeal

    group of people by means

    mind of Linnaeus, was

    the kind of men who

    them over with a careless

    the liberty of giving a

    men," he wrote, "resemble

    than rational creatures; to

    is disgustful, and inquiriesfolly." No support could be

    their attitude made science im-

  • 2published, or a garden to be stocked.Happily, Linnaeus had a knack for appeal-ing to these fickle and capricious crea-tures; a large part of his success as ascientist must be ascribed to his charm,his ability to captivate authorities.He was also quite unaffectedly a man forwhom tous les princes sont beaux.

    And they, for their part, took pleasurein supporting and encouraging him. Lin-naeus was their greatest name in science,the pride and honor of Sweden. When herequested a new pond, a frigidarium, oran orangery, Count Gyllenborg was pleasednot only to appropriate the funds, but tocommission a design from the director ofpublic works, and to have constructedthree symmetrical pools and an elegantgarden pavilion. This was not merelyself-interest; it had also to do with aconception of enlightened leadership. Thesupport and diffusion of learning was re-garded as the foundation of public felic-

    i ty

    As a professor, Linnaeus was otherwise be-holden only to his colleagues, his stu-dents, and his own conception of science -especially the latter. System and method,the arrangement of objects according toprescribed rules, was for him the most im-portant and all-but-exclusive task of nat-ural history. Nothing but classificationand nomenclature could be accorded therank of science. A botanist was simply aperson who knew the right names; the morespecies he knew, the greater he was as abotanist. For Linnaeus nature was an im-mense collection of natural objects andhe himself walked around as the divinelyappointed intendant sticking on labels.

    He had a predecessor in this arduous task:Adam in paradise. In the Garden of Eden -to be understood, according to Linnaeus,as an island on the equator - the firstman had looked upon the Creator's work"as in a compendium where all things werecollected together." Adam sat in paradisecarrying out the two highest functions ofscience: he observed the creatures andnamed them with the aid of special signs,almost as though he had had the works ofLinnaeus at hand. Adam was the first Lin-naean, Linnaeus a second Adam; for himbotanical gardens were, in spirit and infact, Edens, paradises. He liked to callthem that, and he walked around his ownEden on Svartbacksgatan and inspected the

    characters of plants as once long ago our

    first parent had done.

    The association between paradise andlearned compendia is not one that occursnaturally to us, but I believe that anyonewho visits the old Linnaean garden in Upp-sala will have to concede that the manknew what he was talking about. Of course,this must have been a highly civilizedparadise. Harleman's original orangeryhas the proportions of a belvedere or asmall baroque country house; in this build-ing Linnaeus once cultivated the coffeeshrub, the rice plant, the cacao tree, theginger plant, the papyrus reed, varioustea herbs, the Amaryllis lily, and differ-ent species of cactus. Outside, the gar-den proper, arranged in the formal Frenchmanner, begins at the foot of the terrace.Three sunken pools arranged on a cross axiscontain plants characteristic of rivers,lakes and bogs. In the middle pool thereonce stood a suitably classical statue ofVenus, purchased at great expense, andplaced there by Linnaeus as a symbol ofnature's fertility. Contemporaries con-sidered the statue in bad taste, and ithas long since disappeared. To the leftof the orangery the beds are laid out forautumn flowers, to the right for springflowers. The parterres beyond the poolsare divided by a broad central allee. Tothe left are the annuals, to the rightthe perennials in rows according to thetwenty-four classes of Linnaeus's famousmethod. Small labels give the names ofthe plants in Latin and an indication oftheir class and order in the Systema Na-turae. Linnaeus encouraged his studentsto work their way through these rows stepby step, thus mastering the fundamentalsof his science with a directness and im-mediacy unmatched even by his own text-books. There was no room on the site forthe framing bosquets, but trees, nowgrown old, were planted around the wholegarden.

    Considering the northern latitude of Upp-sala, the original plant collection wassurprising. Linnaeus levied contributionsfrom colleagues and amateurs in Europe andAmerica, and through his official connec-tions in Sweden he managed to enlarge thecollection with specimens from the rest ofthe known world. Naturally the flora ofSweden was the best represented, but there

    were also many species from Siberia, Can-ada and even China. With respect to the

  • 3number of plants, Linnaeus claimed in 1745that his garden was surpassed only by thebotanical gardens in Paris, Leyden, andOxford, and by the private garden of Clif-fort in Holland.

    A good many exotic animals were eventuallyadded to the garden and lodged among theother rarities, to the amusement of astound-ed visitors. The animals involved manyanxieties, but Linnaeus protected them like

    a doting parent. He even immortalized twoof them in the transactions of the RoyalAcademy of Sciences - Diana the guenon mon-key, and Sjupp the raccoon, who rifled vis-itors' pockets and confiscated contraband,"namely everything edible".

    This garden was the center of Linnaeus'sprofessional life. For more than thirtyyears he worked there daily from sunup un-til long past sundown. His study windowopened on the garden, and as he toiled a-way at the books that established his repu-tation in the great world, he also kept aneye on the workers and stopped them fromidling about. In the adjoining room, alsowith a view of the garden, he gave privatelectures to crowds of students from theprovinces of Sweden and all parts of Eu-rope. Sometimes there were so many of themthat some, as Linnaeus proudly recorded,had to remain standing in the vestibule.

    "Science," Linnaeus said, "is like Cynosut-u4 coetuteu.s. It withers where it began,but spreads all around." Once a science hasbegun to grow, though, it is particularlydifficult to go back and reconstruct itsoriginal assumption, principles, and con-texts. That, I think, is what makes theLinnaean garden and museum at Uppsalaunique. The Swedish Linnaean Society hasworked for more than half a century to re-build the old residence and the botanicalgarden, using the plans originally publish-ed by Linnaeus. Many of the books and ob-jects originally belonging to the familyhave been repurchased and returned to their

    proper places. Everything is now very muchas it was in the eighteenth century, whollyadapted to a particular way of life, andimbued with the spirit of a man who equatedhis work with the science of the day.

    Pno4ezzoA Larson 4fs Cha,iAman o4 the UCBenketey Scandanavian DepaAtment. Heauthor Reason and Experience: The Rep-Auentation o4 Natunat Okdet in the Wank°4 Ccv2 von Linne. (UC Pte./34, 1971)

    The ithotnationz we're done by nvaKtittztAom-Ektund in an Upoata Univekisitypamphlet on Linnaeuz by Gunnar Mobeitg.

    OS) 0115 44>

    Ruth Halbach Retires

    After a number of years of extraordinaryservice to the UC Botanical Garden as Do-cent Tour Scheduler, Ruth Halbach retired

    in June. Her ever willing dedication andenergy will be sorely missed. Whereverand whenever a helping hand was needed,Ruth's was open and giving. Her outstand-ing contributions were celebrated at asurprise luncheon given for her by hermany co-workers and the Garden staff, intoken recognition of the good work shedid so well for so long. Thank you, Ruth,from all of us.

  • 4

    Autumn Is Preparation Time

    by Daniet Campbdt, Manager.UC Betkeley Botanical Garden

    Winter preparations are usually the gardenactivities of Autumn. In central Califor-nia where the climate is mild and wintermeans the end of a long summer drought,preparation for planting is the main ac-tivity. Planting just as the rains beginwill ensure that each new plant estab-lishes its root system before the demandsof the following season are felt.

    Soil preparation is crucial in planting.Most soil in the East Bay region is clay.While some plants are adapted to heavyclay soil, most are not and require betterdrainage and a higher humus or organicfiber content. Here in the Garden, wehave experimented with all the differentadditives available: rice hulls, cedarpencil shavings, ground redwood, fir,peat, sand and manure, and find that ourclay soil absorbs most organic materialwithin a few years. Rice hulls disappearalmost before one's eyes. Peat will lastup to eight years but is rather expensive.Ground wood with a nitrogen additive andmanure provide a relatively long lastingand inexpensive soil amendment.

    Wood soil amendments however must have anitrogen additive since, in the processof decomposing, wood fibers use nitrogen,resulting in a net loss of this valuablegrowth nutrient. Also, of the wood mate-rials, Douglas Fir seems the best but isthe hardest to find. Redwood containsphenols which can be toxic to some plantsunless well mixed with soil, sand, etc.For the best buys look through the yellowpages for dealers who sell in bulk.

    In selecting manures for a planting mix,shop around. Some manures can be pur-chased in bulk - especially horse manurefrom local stables. Chicken manure isrich in nutrients but hard to find. Horsemanure tends to be strong or heavy insalts which can burn plants. With anymanure be sure that it has aged for sev-

    eral months.

    One can buy sand in bulk at a number ofsoil supply businesses. We've been usinga salt-free fine, white sand as an addi-tive. It is inexpensive and readily avail-able. If one is amending the soil in avegetable bed or other area that is inten-sively used, the sand will settle out ofthe clay soil and will have to be renewed.

    This Autumn the Botanical Garden is prepar-ing extensive new plantings for a rose gar-den of historical roses and for a majoraddition to the Mather Grove. In doing anentire bed over it is best to work the soilto a depth of one to two feet. Most woodyplants and perennials benefit by the deeperpreparation. Vegetables and annuals gen-erally utilize only the first foot of pre-pared soil. Needless to say, we dug therose beds to the depth of two feet. Weplaced a layer of manure on the bottom andback filled with a mixture of quarters ofsand and manure to one half soil. TheMather Grove plantings will not be quiteas deeply prepared but will have amendmentsrototilled into the top eighteen inches.

    It is desireable to let a bed settle andage through a winter before planting. Wewill allow these two areas to settle untilaround February before planting. It's bestto plant as the rains begin if one is sim-ply digging individual holes for plants.However, it is worth delaying plantinghalfway through the wet period if one hasdone a whole bed over with amendments. Oneof the added benefits of planting duringthe winter season is that the cool weatherreduces the chance of transplant shock, andof course, one should also consider thefact that many plants are dormant at thistime and can be shipped and planted withminimum ill effects.

    Before doing more extensive amendment togarden soil, a soil test may be desired.The Soil and Plant Lab in Santa Clara (408-727-0330) will do a complete analysis ofsoil pH, mineral content, and so on.

    There is a very long list of possible soiladditives which will improve soil nutrientcontent and amend pH. Contact a localnursery for such information regardingspecific plant requirements.

  • 5One last note: soil amendments may beeither organic (naturally found ingredi-ents) or chemical (artificially made).Organic materials tend to break down moreslowly and last in the soil for a longerperiod than do chemicals. The net effectof using organic amendments is to buildup the soil. Chemicals on the other hand,readily pass through the soil without anet improvement. Where chemical amend-ments are used exclusively, the soil tex-ture could degenerate and the overall nu-trient content could be exhausted.

    Meet Wendy MitchellWendy Mitchell joined the UC BotanicalGarden staff last July as Executive Direc-tor for the Friends of the Botanical Gar-den. She is an experienced public rela-tions administrator having worked for sixyears in that capacity for the University.Her graduate field of study is in Educa-

    tional Psychology.

    Wendy's new duties include directing andcoordinating Information Center activi-ties, working with volunteers to organizeall sales programs, and administeringFriends' business, such as developingthe annual budget and creating and pro-moting new fund-raising activities.

    Extremely excited about her new position,Wendy looks forward to meeting each of thevolunteers and working together with themto establish goals that will bring bene-fits to both the volunteers and the Gar-den. At present, she is getting acquaint-ed with her administrative duties buthopes that Friends' members will contacther and join in the many unique volunteeropportunities available at the Garden.She can be reached weekday mornings at642-2084.

    News from The Rhododendron DellThank you

    An annual memorial donation in memory ofMr. and Mrs. R.T. Evans, long-time Berke-ley residents, has been established bytheir son, Richard West Evans and theirdaughters, Janet Evans Noonan and Marjor-ie Evans Mowat, for maintenance and gen-eral support of the Rhododendron Dell.

    Because of their late parents' love ofgardens and gardening, a donation to theUC Botanical Garden seemed the most appro-priate way to remember them, Mrs. Mowatsaid. In designating the RhododendronDell in particular, the family felt thatthe plants growing there best reflectedthe Garden beauty which their parents pro-vided for them as they were growing up.

    A recent contribution of $500 has alsobeen received from the American Rhododen-dron Society.

    Ongoing to

    New additions to the Dell include mate-rials collected during the 1980 ChinaExpedition. From Hubei Province and nowin flower are Sitene 6oAtunei and a whiteAnemone tomentoisa and a violet to whiteAnemone hupehenz,i.4. A blue floweringColumbine (Aquitegia yabeana) from thesame area has been set out for summerbloom. The pink flowering Dianthus 4upet-buz var. tongicatycinco just above theMeeting Room under the Lawson Cypress isfrom Japan.

    Later this Fall, twelve new species of

    Camellia will be set out. Much of thesummer has been devoted to preparing thesoil and beds for these plants. In addi-tion, efforts to improve the path systemhave resulted in wider walkways made saferby the use of new surfacing material.

  • 7

    Revisiting The California AreaOver the last few months a variety of newplantings have enhanced the uniqueness andbeauty of the Botanical Garden's Califor-nia Native Plants area. Both long-timeand first-time visitors will find much ofhorticultural and botanical note to inter-est them. Adjacent to the Garden's en-trance in Coastal Bed #2 is a fine speci-men of the Mount Vision Ceanothus (Ceano-thm g.o/ancus var. pcoftectuo). It wasbrought from Pt. Reyes and planted lastspring, and is one of the finest of thetrailing Ceanothm with its crinkledholly-like foliage and bright blue springflowers.

    Sharing the same bed is the Beach Sage-brush (AAtemizia pycnocephata) that isfamiliar to all California beach visitors.This plant, with its soft woolly-gray fo-liage, colonizes coastal bluffs and sanddunes. It has not been much cultivatedin California gardens, but its dramaticfoliage certainly makes it a desirableacquisition.

    Just a little way further into the Cali-fornia area is the newly constructed MarshBed (#3) where some of California's lovelyMonkey Flowers are now in bloom. The

    scarlet Wmutuis candinat4 is an almostperpetually flowering perennial from sandyriparian locations. Though less showy,the Musk Flower (Mimutuz mo4chatm) ismost attractive with its hairy foliagewhich captures the dew and its pert yellowsnapdragon-like flowers that are producedall summer.

    Deeper into the California area is theSerpentine Bed (#7) bright with a cheer-

    ful mass of rose-pink pom-pom flower headson a mass of zig-zagging stems of twiggy-stemmed Buckwheat (Eniogonum vimineum).Complementing this bright stand are theintense blue-purple intricately construct-ed flowers of the Turpentine Weed (Titi-chotemma Laxum). The foliage of thisfascinating member of the mint family ex-udes at the slightest touch an unforget-table pungent camphor-vinegar fragrance.

    Also in this bed (to the left of the BuckBrush) is the recently planted San Fran-cisco Manzanita (Anctotaphyt.cps hooketiasp. Otanciiscana). This plant, propagatedfrom the sole remaining bush in San Fran-cisco's Presidio, was once common on SanFrancisco's hills, but urban growth has

    reduced this lovely mat-forming Manzanitato the brink of extinction. Another plantfrom the serpentine hills of the innerCoast Range of Stanislaus County is a wool-ly sunflower (E/Liophyttlim jepzonii) whichis believed to be a hybrid derivative be-tween two other Common Woolly Sunflowers,the Oregon Sunshine (E/LiophyLeum tanatum)and EitiophyLeum conkAtigonum). Its whitewoolly stems and foliage and brilliant yel-low flowers in June and July create a plantof high ornamental calibre.

    On the Oak Knoll at the western end of theNative Area, the Bulb Bed (#23) is beingrefurbished. After the bed's border isbuilt up with Sonoma field stone, it willbe replanted with existing species and somenew bulbs (especially Catochontm op.)which have been acquired recently.

    Across Centennial Drive, a new path whichwill curve down from the level entrancearea along the creek to the lower part ofMather Grove is being constructed. Thehead of the path is just beyond the whiteresearch building near the entrance andwill lead visitors through recent plantingsof north coast coniferous tree species.Foundations have just been laid at thelower end of the path for a new footbridgeacross the creek into the Grove. It willbe several months before the work is com-pleted, but access is now available andvisitors are encouraged to enjoy this newview of the Grove.

    photo by Dania Campbell

  • 7

    Revisiting The California AreaOver the last few months a variety of newplantings have enhanced the uniqueness andbeauty of the Botanical Garden's Califor-nia Native Plants area. Both long-timeand first-time visitors will find much ofhorticultural and botanical note to inter-est them. Adjacent to the Garden's en-trance in Coastal Bed #2 is a fine speci-men of the Mount Vision Ceanothus (Ceano-thuz gtoA,i,o4uis var. potkectuo). It wasbrought from Pt. Reyes and planted lastspring, and is one of the finest of thetrailing Ceanothco with its crinkledholly-like foliage and bright blue springflowers.

    Sharing the same bed is the Beach Sage-brush (AAtemizia pycnocephata) that isfamiliar to all California beach visitors.This plant, with its soft woolly-gray fo-liage, colonizes coastal bluffs and sanddunes. It has not been much cultivatedin California gardens, but its dramaticfoliage certainly makes it a desirableacquisition.

    Just a little way further into the Cali-fornia area is the newly constructed MarshBed (#3) where some of California's lovelyMonkey Flowers are now in bloom. Thescarlet Mimutto carLdinaLi is an almostperpetually flowering perennial from sandyriparian locations. Though less showy,the Musk Flower (Mimutuz mozchatuz) ismost attractive with its hairy foliagewhich captures the dew and its pert yellowsnapdragon-like flowers that are producedall summer.

    Deeper into the California area is theSerpentine Bed (#7) bright with a cheer-ful mass of rose-pink pom-pom flower headson a mass of zig-zagging stems of twiggy-stemmed Buckwheat (PLiogonum vimimeun).Complementing this bright stand are theintense blue-purple intricately construct-ed flowers of the Turpentine Weed (TAi-chortemma taxum). The foliage of thisfascinating member of the mint family ex-udes at the slightest touch an unforget-table pungent camphor-vinegar fragrance.

    Also in this bed (to the left of the BuckBrush) is the recently planted San Fran-cisco Manzanita (Anctortaphytoz hooketi

    Otancacana). This plant, propagatedfrom the sole remaining bush in San Fran-cisco's Presidio, was once common on SanFrancisco's hills, but urban growth has

    reduced this lovely mat-forming Manzanitato the brink of extinction. Another plantfrom the serpentine hills of the innerCoast Range of Stanislaus County is a wool-ly sunflower (EAiophyttum jewnii) whichis believed to be a hybrid derivative be-tween two other Common Woolly Sunflowers,the Oregon Sunshine (EAiophyteum tanatum)and EniophyUum conkAtigoAum). Its whitewoolly stems and foliage and brilliant yel-low flowers in June and July create a plantof high ornamental calibre.

    On the Oak Knoll at the western end of theNative Area, the Bulb Bed (#23) is beingrefurbished. After the bed's border isbuilt up with Sonoma field stone, it willbe replanted with existing species and somenew bulbs (especially Catochottws 4pp.)which have been acquired recently.

    Across Centennial Drive, a new path whichwill curve down from the level entrancearea along the creek to the lower part ofMather Grove is being constructed. Thehead of the path is just beyond the whiteresearch building near the entrance andwill lead visitors through recent plantingsof north coast coniferous tree species.Foundations have just been laid at thelower end of the path for a new footbridgeacross the creek into the Grove. It willbe several months before the work is com-pleted, but access is now available andvisitors are encouraged to enjoy this newview of the Grove.

    photo by Dania Campbdt

  • Ptatanws tacemo4aCalifornia Sycamore; CaliforniaPlane Tree; Buttonwood

    8

    OF "FORESTS PRIMEVAL"

    "Trees of the Fossil Forest" is the sub-ject of a recently opened exhibit at theLawrence Hall of Science. Wood and leafsamples from modern trees are provided forcomparison with their ancient relativessuch as ginkgos, redwoods and palms fromthe fossil forests of California.

    The Botanical Garden's Miocene Forest isreferred to in the exhibit as one immedi-ate opportunity to view growing modern-day descendants of plants whose close rel-atives grew . with the ancestors of CoastRedwoods over ten million years ago duringthe Late Miocene epoch.

    At one time, ancestors of the modern dayCoast Redwood grew in a forest much richerin plant species, especially hardwoodtrees, than it does today. Many of thesemodern descendants no longer grow withCoast Redwood stands, but the Garden hasassembled a broad sampling of plants fromthe floras of eastern North America, east-ern Asia and western North America wherethe modern descendants of the Miocene Se-quoia forest are now found. Our recon-struction of a Miocene Sequoia forest in-cludes such plants as the Red Maple (AcettubAum), the American Beech (Fagws ytandi-4oZia), the Eastern Sycamore (Ptantanuzoccidentati4) and the Black Walnut (Jug-tanz ivigta) from eastern North America;the Oriental Arborvitae (Thuja o'LentaUo)the Oriental Sweet Gum (Liquidambafc ot--moana) and the Tree of Heaven (AitanthuisaLtbs44:ma) from eastern Asia; and the West-ern Hemlock (Tzuga hetetophytta), the Cal-ifornia Sycamore (Reantanuz tacemo4a) andthe Douglas Fir (Pzeudo-tsuga menzieisii)from western North America. The speciesfrom western North America are still apart of the Coastal Redwood community.

    The more extreme, drier world-wide climatethat developed in recent geologic timescontributed to the elimination of the oncevast Miocene redwood forests over most ofthe northern hemisphere except in a smallarea where the climate is still cool andmoist (i.e. coastal northern and centralCalifornia and southwest Oregon). As isapparent from the above list, modern de-scendants of this fossil Miocene flora -but not redwoods - still flourish in east-ern Asia and eastern North America as well.

    The public is urged to visit the LawrenceHall of Science exhibit and follow it witha walk in the Botanical Garden's MioceneForest Area near the entrance to the

    Mather Redwood Grove, which is locatedacross Centennial Drive from the Garden'smain entrance. The exhibit was preparedthrough the cooperation of the LawrenceHall of Science, the Jepson Herbarium,the Forest Products Laboratory, and thecampus Paleontology Department. Locatedon A level, in the Blue Tile Area, theexhibit will be available to viewers dur-ing the next nine months. After October15, a brochure with a map locating thespecies planted on the Berkeley campuswill be available at the Discovery Cornerin Lawrence Hall of Science.

  • 9

    PUBLIC TOUR PROGRAM POLICIES REVISED

    New policy and time changes in the UC Botanical Garden Public Tour Programs tookeffect in September:

    MORNING TOURS: 10:30 a.m. only, Tuesday through Friday

    AFTERNOON TOURS: 1:30 p.m. only, days not yet determined

    No reservations can be accepted for Mondays or for thefirst Tuesday of every month.

    Weekend general tours for the public continue to be available free of charge andwithout reservation on Saturdays (except during UC Berkeley home football games)and Sundays at 2:30 p.m. After the 1st of November, the weekend tours will begiven at 1:30 p.m. rather than at 2:30 p.m.

    Charges for group reservations are now 50¢ per person, with one Docent leadingeach group of 10 to 12 visitors. Both "theme tours" (The Economic Tour, The In-dian Nature Trail tour, and The Pond Tour and a special Spring Tour for Februarythrough May) and the General Garden Tour remain available by reservation. Docentswill continue to offer complimentary tours to Senior Citizens and/or Handicapped

    groups where appropriate. Reservations for all tours must be made at least twoweeks in advance, by calling the Garden at 642-3343 or 642-3352.

    A brochure describing the various tour options and procedures in detail should beavailable in the Information Center and the Garden's Main Office by late October.

    Tour program information is always available by calling the Education Office at642-3352 before 2 p.m. on weekdays.

    ("kat) ■■er) %,/ •■■ov. tiNt

    MEMBERSHIP APPLICATIONNew Renewal

    Name Student/Senior $ 7.50Individual 15.00

    Address Contributing 40.00Supporting 75.00

    City State Sponsor 150.00750.00Patron

    ZIP Phone Benefactor 1500.00

    Friends of the Botanical GardenCentennial Drive

    University of CaliforniaBerkeley, CA 94720

    All contributions are tax-deductible

    Make checks payable to: FRIENDS OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN

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    Planning Ahead

    October 15, 1982 has been set as the ten-tative date of departure for the Friendsof the Botanical Garden sponsored tour ofNew Zealand. The three-week jaunt willcover many of the garden spots of theislands, starting in Aukland and endingat the southern tip of the South Island.Among the places to be visited are theNew Zealand Forest Research Institute,Hamurana Gardens, Duncan and Davies Nur-sery, the Pukeiti Rhododendron reserve,Otari Native Plant Museum, the BotanyDivision of the Department of Scientificand Industrial Research, the SouthernAlps, Milford Sound, Timaru Gardens, andother places of scenic, scientific, orhorticultural interest. UC BotanicalGarden Director, Dr. Robert Ornduff, willserve as leader.

    Watch for further announcements in theQuaitteitly.

    The U.C. BOTANICAL GARDEN QUARTERLYis supported by funds from The Friendsof the Botanical Garden

    PLEASE NOTE: The In4cgmation Centet haysa new telephone numbek: 642-2084.

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