Linking watershed characteristics and land use to lake water quality using GIS
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Linking watershed characteristics and land use to
lake water quality using GIS
presented by Brian Block ESR 575 - Limnology instructed by Dr. Mark Sytsma
Lake BaikalSensor: Terra/MODIS Date: 10/23/2001
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Benefits of GIS?
• Integrates, stores, edits, analyzes, shares, and displays geographic information.
• A growing body of existing data can be leveraged for analysis (e.g., USGS DEMs, NLCD 2001, National Hydrography Dataset, and Landsat).
• Data can be exported to non-spatial modeling tools (e.g. multivariate regression analysis).
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• An increasing flow of data is provided by remote sensing platforms.
• Rapid response allows detection of temporal changes caused by anthropogenic land use, climate change, or natural processes.
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Our analysis unit (graphic courtesy of Chester County (Pa) Citizens for Climate Protection).
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GIS as applied to limnology:
• “Lakes are intimately linked to their catchment” (Maberly et al., 2003).
• A watershed is influenced from unique geology, climate, soils, topography, and vegetation over time.
• These factors greatly influence lake chemistry and trophic conditions.
• Physical measurements give additional data on how lakes respond to landscape (e.g. retention time).
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Ostrofsky and Bradley (2006) found that 200m riparian buffers gave significant results for estimation of phosphorus loading.
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Coats et al. (2008) established that impervious surfaces and residential land use degraded water quality.
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TP, TN, DOC, DRP, turbidity, and TSS measured by Galbraith and Burns (2007).
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Ordination diagram of geographic variables from Galbraith and Burns (2007).
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Regression of Nitrogen versus catchment slope from Maberly et al., (2003).
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The future, rapid response? Agricultural runoff from the Danube R. and phytoplankton bloom in the Black Sea.
Black SeaSensor: Aqua/MODISDate: 05/25/2004
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Conclusion:
• Watershed characteristics can predict trophic status.
• Galbraith and Burns (2007) indicated that conversion of native grasses to pasture would reduce water quality (i.e. human disturbance has negative impacts).
• The importance of scale in modeling.
• Bennion et al., (2005) demonstrated that a GIS lake inventory could be used to evaluate risk and prioritize remediation efforts.
• Ostrofsky and Bradley estimated pre European lake trophic status to establish baseline levels for management.
• Standard statistical techniques provided useful results.
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References:
• Bennion, H., et al. 2005. The use of GIS-based inventory to provide a national assessment of standing waters at risk from eutrophication in Great Britain. Science of the Total Environment 344:259-273.
• Coats, R., et al. 2008. Nutrient and sediment production, watershed-characteristics and land use in the Tahoe Basin, California-Nevada. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 44(3):754-770.
• Davies, B.R., et al. 2008. A comparison of the catchment sizes of rivers, streams, ponds, ditches and lakes: implications for protecting aquatic biodiversity in an agricultural landscape. Hydrobiologia 597:7-17.
• Galbraith, L.M. and Burns, C.W. 2007. Linking land-use, water body type and water quality in southern New Zealand. Landscape Ecol 22:231-241.
• Maberly, S.C., et al. 2003. Linking nutrient limitation and water chemistry in upland lakes to catchment characteristics. Hydrobiologia 506-509:7-17.
• Ostrofsky, M.L. and Bradley, C.P. 2006. Reconstructing the historical trophic status of northwestern Pennsylvania lakes using GIS. Hydrobiologia 571:273-281.