Linking supplementary data to soil P levels and stratification
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Transcript of Linking supplementary data to soil P levels and stratification
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Linking supplementary data to soil P levels and stratification
GLPF Grant- Team meeting #5July 23-24, 2013
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Hypotheses
• We would find increased P stratification with: Recent manure application No soil inversion Broadcast fertilizer application
• We would find increased P stratification with poorly drained soils belonging to hydrologic soil groups C/D (not examining today)
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Statistical analysis
• Used analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Tukey test when possible Differences in means
• Used Kruskal Wallis (KW) followed by a Dunn’s test when unequal variances or non-normal data Differences in ranks
• Each figure depicts the mean or average value ± 95% confidence intervals 95% certain the mean is in this range
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Inve
rsio
n
Red
uced
Mul
ch
No-
till
Tota
l 0-8
" M3P
(ppm
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Influence of tillage used for corn
Total
Corn tillage Soybean tillage
Inversion, <5% coverReduced, <30% coverMulch, >30% coverNo-till or strip till
Wheat tillage
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Inve
rsio
n
Red
uced
Mul
ch
No-
till
Rat
io o
f top
: to
tal
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
aab b b
Influence of tillage used for corn
• Reduced tillage had lower mean total 0-8”soil P (39ppm) compared to mulch tillage (44ppm; ANOVA, P=0.019)
• Inversion tillage had a lower mean stratification, both in terms of the ratio (1.36 vs. 1.53; KW, P=0.03) and difference (11ppm vs. 18ppm; KW, P=0.001)
Total Ratio Difference
Inve
rsio
n
Red
uced
Mul
ch
No-
till
Tota
l 0-8
" M3P
(ppm
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
aba
b ab
Inve
rsio
n
Red
uced
Mul
ch
No-
tillD
iffer
ence
[Top
- To
tal]
M3P
(ppm
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
a
abb b
Corn tillage Soybean tillage
Inversion, <5% coverReduced, <30% coverMulch, >30% coverNo-till or strip till
Wheat tillage
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Combined tillage practices
Combined Tillage Practices
Inversion with any cropReduced till for almost all cropsReduced till corn + Mulch tillReduced till corn + no-tillMulch till corn + mulch or no-tillNo till corn + mulch or no-till
Inversion with any cropReduced till for almost all cropsReduced till corn + Mulch tillReduced till corn + no-tillMulch till corn + mulch or no-tillNo till corn + mulch or no-till
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Inve
rsio
n
Red
uced
Red
/Mul
ch
Red
/No-
till
Mul
ch/N
o-til
l
Con
t. N
o-til
l
Tota
l 0-8
" M3P
(ppm
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
ab b bab
a
b
Inve
rsio
n
Red
uced
Red
/Mul
ch
Red
/No-
till
Mul
ch/N
o-til
l
Con
t. N
o-til
l
Rat
io o
f top
: to
tal
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Inve
rsio
n
Red
uced
Red
/Mul
ch
Red
/No-
till
Mul
ch/N
o-til
l
Con
t. N
o-til
lDiff
eren
ce [T
op -
Tota
l] M
3P (p
pm)
0
5
10
15
20
25
Combined tillage practices
• Lower soil P levels in reduced till corn followed by mulch till (35ppm) compared to other tillage practices (42ppm; ANOVA P<0.001)
• Yet, no significant differences in stratification across tillage practices (ratio: KW, P=0.16; difference: KW, P=0.08)
Total Ratio Difference
Combined Tillage Practices
Inversion with any cropReduced till for almost all cropsReduced till corn + Mulch tillReduced till corn + no-tillMulch till corn + mulch or no-tillNo till corn + mulch or no-till
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Fertilizer application method
• Lumped all broadcast and all banding, regardless of season• Banding lead to higher soil P levels (mean= 37ppm vs. 41ppm; MW, P=0.024)• However, broadcast had higher levels of stratification (ratio: 1.56 vs. 1.48,
MW, P=0.001; difference: 17ppm vs. 15ppm, MW, P=0.015)
Total Ratio DifferenceB
road
cast
Ban
ded
Tota
l 0-8
" M3P
(ppm
)
0
10
20
30
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50
60
*
Bro
adca
st
Ban
ded
Rat
io o
f top
: to
tal
0.0
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1.0
1.5
2.0
*
Bro
adca
st
Ban
ded
Diff
eren
ce [T
op -
Tota
l] M
3P (p
pm)
0
5
10
15
20
25
*
Fertilizer application- How
Broadcast and unincorporatedBroadcast and incorporated within 1 weekBroadcast and incorporated after 1 weekBanded with a corn planterBanded more than 2" with injection
P Fertilizer Application
Broadcast Banded with a corn planter
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Non
e
His
toric
Infre
quen
t
Freq
uent
Rat
io o
f top
: to
tal
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
a b aab
Non
e
His
toric
Infre
quen
t
Freq
uent
Diff
eren
ce [T
op -
Tota
l] M
3P (p
pm)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
ab a
c bc
Non
e
His
toric
Infre
quen
t
Freq
uent
Tota
l 0-8
" M3P
(ppm
)
0
10
20
30
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60
70
a
b b
c
Manure application history
• Frequent manure application lead to higher mean soil P (58ppm), and any history of application had higher levels (47ppm) compared to no known applications (38ppm; KW P<0.001)
• Although the ratio had significant differences, the pattern is difficult to interpret (KW P=0.001)
• The difference between top and total was higher for recent application of manure (25ppm vs 16ppm, KW P=0.02)
Total Ratio Difference
Manure Application
No known applicationsApplied historically Recent but infrequent applicationRecent and frequent application
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Combined manure, tillage, fertilizer application
Manure applied recentlyInversion with any cropReduced till for almost all cropsReduced till corn + Mulch tillReduced till corn + no-tillMulch till corn + mulch or no-tillNo till corn + mulch or no-till
BroadcastBanded
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Combined manure, tillage, fertilizer application
• Manure application tended to result in higher mean soil P (51ppm vs. 39ppm)
• Banding had higher soil P in reduced till corn/no-till (45ppm) compared to broadcast (36ppm) Trend in others
BroadcastBanded
Tota
l 0-8
" M3P
(ppm
)
0
20
40
60
Man
ure
Inve
rsio
n
Red
uced
Red
/Mul
ch
Red
/No-
till
Mul
ch/N
o-til
l
Con
t. N
o-til
l
aab
cbc bc
abc
c
abc
cbc
ANOVA P<0.001
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Combined manure, tillage, fertilizer application
• Ratio was lowest under inversion tillage and reduced till corn/no-till with banding (1.4) compared to reduced till with broadcast (1.6; KW P=0.007)
• Difference was highest with manure application (25ppm) and lowest with inversion (12ppm; KW P=0.006)
Diff
eren
ce [T
op -
Tota
l] M
3P (p
pm)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Man
ure
Inve
rsio
n
Red
uced
Red
/Mul
ch
Red
/No-
till
Mul
ch/N
o-til
l
Con
t. N
o-til
l
a
b
Rat
io o
f top
: to
tal
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
a ab
Man
ure
Inve
rsio
n
Red
uced
Red
/Mul
ch
Red
/No-
till
Mul
ch/N
o-til
l
Con
t. N
o-til
l
BroadcastBanded
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Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis
• Next step in analyzing these data• Hypothetical example:
We tended to find higher soil test P with recent manure application and banded fertilizer application
Recent manure
application?
STP = 51 ppmn=120
Banded fertilizer
application?
STP = 41 ppmn=382
Other potential factors? Soil type,
tillage, slope?
yes no
yes no
yes no
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Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis
We tended to find lower stratification with inversion tillage, higher stratification with recent manure application and broadcast fertilizer
Recent manure
application?
Ratio = 1.60Diff = 27ppm
n=120
Broadcast fertilizer
application?
Ratio = 1.55Diff = 16ppm
n=206
Other potential factors? Soil type,
tillage, slope?
yes no
yes no
yes no
Inversion tillage?
Ratio = 1.35Diff = 11ppm
n=61
yes no
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Questions?