Lingue e Culture Straniere Lingua Inglese 2 A.A. 2015-16 Enrico Grazzi Notes on translation 1.
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Transcript of Lingue e Culture Straniere Lingua Inglese 2 A.A. 2015-16 Enrico Grazzi Notes on translation 1.
Lingue e Culture Straniere
Lingua Inglese 2
A.A. 2015-16
Enrico Grazzi
Notes on translation
1
In the beginning:
literary and religious
translations
The Book of Kells, Erat antem hora tercia,
Trinity College, Dublin 2
Sonia Colina (2003): “(…) A translated text belongs to two superimposed communicative contexts”. One surrounding the text produced for Target-culture receiversOne surrounding the source text receivers.3
John Dryden‘Tis almost impossible to
translate verbally, and well, at the same time (…) In short,
the verbal copier is encumbered with so many difficulties at once that he
can never disentangle himself from all. He is to consider at the same time the thought of his author, and his words, and to find out the counterpart to each in another language (…)
Preface to Ovid’s Epistles, Translated by Several Hands (1680) 4
John Dryden on Translation
Metaphrase
(word-for-word translation)
Imitation
(loose approximation of an author’s emotions or passions)
Paraphrase(expresses the sense of the original without being
enslaved by the words)
5
Translation Equivalence
J.C.Catford (1965) Translation may be defined as follows: the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL).
Nida and Taber (1969) Transalting consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.
6
K.Reiss (1971) Translation-related text-
typologyLanguag
e function
Representation Expression Appeal
Language
dimension
Logical Aesthetic Dialogic
Text type Informative Expressive Operative
7
8
“I was born in Colorado, in Fitzsimmons Army Hospital, when my dad was a pilot in World War II. Now, I'm not one to
read into things, but guess which wing of the hospital the maternity ward was in?
I'm not making this up. I was born in the West Wing!”
From John Kerry’s speech to the 2004 Democratic National Convention 9
a. “In Parliament he fought for equality, but he sent his son to Winchester”
“When his father died his mother couldn’t afford to send him to Eton [, that expensive private school which still produces most of the elite in politics and business]”
b. “When his father died his mother couldn’t afford to send him to Eton anymore.”
“In Parliament he fought for equality, but he sent his son to [the school in] Winchester”
Prospective translation
10
Hans J. Vermeer (1986): (…) a translation is not the
transcoding of words or sentences from one language into another,
but a complex action in which someone provides information
about a text under new functional, cultural and linguistic conditions and in a new situation, whereby
formal characteristics are imitated as far as possible.
11
Nord (1977): Situational features to be identified through ST analysis
Function of ST
Addressees of ST
Time of reception
Place of receptionMedium of transmission
Motive for production of ST (e.g. to announce a conference)
12
Translation activities, step by step
Pre-translation (identify pragmatic factors of the ST/TT)
Focus on unclear terminology
Focus on language sections (translation difficulties and problems)
Post-translation review (professional awareness)
13
Componential translation grading criteriaHolistic rating of translational competence
Meaning
Target language
Vocabulary
Functional and textual adaptations
Revision process14