LINES AND LETTERING

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ALPHABET OF LINES

TYPES OF LINES

LETTERING

TRACING AND INKING

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Learn Lines And Lettering in Engineering Drawing!You will be able to identify the alphabet of lines in engineering drawing, draw lines correctly and use different lettering shapes.. More and more inside..

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1.1 ALPHABET OF LINES

1.1.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF ALPHABET OF LINES

1.1.2 LINES IN ENGINEERING DRAWING

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ALPHABET OF LINES

TYPES OF LINES

LETTERING

TRACING AND INKING

QUIZ

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A. 3A. 3 characteristicscharacteristics of alphabet of lines are as follows:of alphabet of lines are as follows:A. 3A. 3 characteristicscharacteristics of alphabet of lines are as follows:of alphabet of lines are as follows:

₪ FormForm₪ Usage Usage ₪ Darkness and thicknessDarkness and thickness

B. To draw lines using the correctB. To draw lines using the correct darknessdarkness level, use:level, use:B. To draw lines using the correctB. To draw lines using the correct darknessdarkness level, use:level, use:

₪ HB grade – Dark and heavy linesHB grade – Dark and heavy lines

₪ H grade – dark and light linesH grade – dark and light lines

₪ 2H grade - light lines2H grade - light lines

LETTERINGTYPES OF LINESALPHABET OF LINES TRACING AND INKING QUIZ TAKE A BREAK !!

1.1.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF ALPHABET OF LINES1.1.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF ALPHABET OF LINES

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C. To draw lines must consider the C. To draw lines must consider the thicknessthickness of lines, use: of lines, use:C. To draw lines must consider the C. To draw lines must consider the thicknessthickness of lines, use: of lines, use:

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₪ A small point (0.25 – 0.3mm) for light linesA small point (0.25 – 0.3mm) for light lines

₪ Large point (0.5 – 0.7mm) for heavy linesLarge point (0.5 – 0.7mm) for heavy lines

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1.1.2 LINES IN ENGINEERING DRAWINGS1.1.2 LINES IN ENGINEERING DRAWINGS

Construction Line

Object Line

Hidden Line

Centre Line

Plane Cutting Line

Dimensional Line

Short Break Line

Long Break Line

Phantom Line

Additional/Projection Line

Light

Dark and heavy

Dark and light

Dark and light

Dark and heavy

Dark and light

Dark and light

Dark and light

Dark and light

Dark and light

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TYPE OF LINES

Short

Additional

Long

Plane Cutting

Dimension

Center

PhantomObject

Hidden

Construction

x


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A. Construction LineA. Construction Line

Info:

Use 2H/0.3mm pencil

Info:

Use 2H/0.3mm pencil

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TYPE OF LINES

Short

Additional

Long

Plane Cutting

Dimension

Center

PhantomObject

Hidden

Construction

x


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B. Center LinesB. Center Lines

Info:

Use H/0.3mm pencil

Info:

Use H/0.3mm pencil

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TYPE OF LINES

Short

Additional

Long

Plane Cutting

Dimension

Center

PhantomObject

Hidden

Construction

x


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C. Object LinesC. Object Lines

Info:

Use HB/ 0.5-0.7mm pencil

Info:

Use HB/ 0.5-0.7mm pencil

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TYPE OF LINES

Short

Additional

Long

Plane Cutting

Dimension

Center

PhantomObject

Hidden

Construction

x


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D. Phantom LinesD. Phantom Lines

Info:

Use H/0.3mm pencil

Info:

Use H/0.3mm pencil

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TYPE OF LINES

Short

Additional

Long

Plane Cutting

Dimension

Center

PhantomObject

Hidden

Construction

x


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E. Hidden LinesE. Hidden Lines

Info:

Use HB/ 0.3 -0.5mm pencil

Info:

Use HB/ 0.3 -0.5mm pencil

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TYPE OF LINES

Short

Additional

Long

Plane Cutting

Dimension

Center

PhantomObject

Hidden

Construction

x


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F. Dimension LinesF. Dimension Lines

Info:

Use H/0.25mm pencil

Info:

Use H/0.25mm pencil

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TYPE OF LINES

Short

Additional

Long

Plane Cutting

Dimension

Center

PhantomObject

Hidden

Construction

x


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G. Long Break LinesG. Long Break Lines

Info:

Use H/0.3mm pencil

Info:

Use H/0.3mm pencil

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TYPE OF LINES

Short

Additional

Long

Plane Cutting

Dimension

Center

PhantomObject

Hidden

Construction

x


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H. Short Break LinesH. Short Break Lines

Info:

Use H/0.3mm pencil

Info:

Use H/0.3mm pencil

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TYPE OF LINES

Short

Additional

Long

Plane Cutting

Dimension

Center

PhantomObject

Hidden

Construction

x


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I. Plane Cutting LinesI. Plane Cutting Lines

Info:

Use HB/0.5-0.7mm pencil

Info:

Use HB/0.5-0.7mm pencil

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TYPE OF LINES

Short

Additional

Long

Plane Cutting

Dimension

Center

PhantomObject

Hidden

Construction

x


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J. Additional/Projection LinesJ. Additional/Projection Lines

Info:

Use H/0.3mm pencil

Info:

Use H/0.3mm pencil

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TYPE OF LINES

Short

Additional

Long

Plane Cutting

Dimension

Center

PhantomObject

Hidden

Construction

x


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1.2 TYPES OF LINES

There are several types often used

in engineering drawing.

Fives types:

ALPHABET OF LINES

TYPES OF LINES

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TRACING AND INKING

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Perpendicular lines

Parallel lines

Inclined lines

Vertical lines

Horizontal lines


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Drawing Horizontal lines

The head of the T-square must always be placed closely against the drawing board

Horizontal lines

ALPHABET OF LINES TYPES OF LINES LETTERING TRACING AND INKING QUIZ TAKE A BREAK!!

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Drawing Vertical linesTip:

You have to know the correct method of creating lines neat lines.

Make sure:

-The pencil point always sharp. If you are using a mechanical pencil, make sure the grade of darkness and size are appropriate. The usual sizes are 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7mm

-The pencil point must always be contact with the paper as to apply uniform pressure during line drawing.

-To obtain a uniform line darkness and thickness, turn the pencil body little (about half a turn) while drawing

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a) Drawing 15º inclined lines

Drawing inclined lines

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b) Drawing 30º inclined lines

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c) Drawing 45º inclined lines

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d) Drawing 60º inclined lines

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e) Drawing 75º inclined lines

75º

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f) Drawing 75º inclined lines on the AB line

75º

A

B

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Place the set square so that its parallel the inclined line

Drawing Parallel lines

Step 1

Step 2

Slide the set square to the position where theparallel lines are to be drawn

Step 3

Draw the parallel line

Notes :

Parallel lines are lines which have the same distance between them

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Place the set square at 45º so that it is parallel to the inclined line

.

Drawing Perpendicular lines

Step 1

Step 2

Slide the 45º square to that point where theperpendicular line is to be drawn.

Step 3

Draw the perpendicular line

Notes :

perpendicular lines are lines that have 90º angle between them

90º

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1.3 LETTERING

Used to document a drawing.

Must be done without the use of ruler.

Each letter is written in uniform size, height, width

and line thickness.

1.3.1 Types of Lettering

1.3.2 Lettering Techniques


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ALPHABET OF LINES

TYPES OF LINES

LETTERING

TRACING AND INKING

QUIZ

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1.3.1 Types Of Lettering

i) The Standard upright letters

Written at 90° on the guide line.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N

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2PAGE

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O

ii) The standard inclined letters.

Written according to a slant range of between

60° and 75° on the guide line.

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910

1


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3.2 Lettering Techniques

Use single stroke technique.

The arrows show the direction of the pencil

point while writing.

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PAGE

Use the same pressure while writing from top to

bottom and left to right.

Write carefully so the letters touch the guide lines.

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PAGE

i) Guide Lines

Used to set the height of the letters.

Drawn by using 2H pencil grade.

Do not erase the guide line after the lettering is done.

The space between the lines is half the height of a letter.

ORTOGRAPHICISOMETRIC

H

H½ H

Guide Line

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PAGE

ii) Space Between Letters and Words

Space between letters must be about the same.

L I N E S

L

T T E R STo estimate distance between words, imagine the letter ‘O’ in between the words.

LINES AND LETTERINGS

E

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PAGE

iii) Lettering Uniformity

Important to produce good drawings.

Uniform in style, size, inclination,

weight and space.

Carelessness might result in mistakes.

ENGINEERING DRAWINGS

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PAGE

iv) Examples of Common Mistakes in Lettering

L E t T E r I N G

L E T T E R I N G

L E T T E R I N G

LET T E R ING

L E T T E R I N G

Lettering style not uniform

Lettering height not uniform

Lettering inclination not uniform

Lettering thickness not uniform

Lettering space not uniform

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1.4 TRACING AND INKING

The process of copying an original drawing onto a tracing paper using technical pen.

The product of tracing is called inked drawing.

Inked drawing may be printed using a blue printing machine.

1.4.1 Tracing and Inking Materials

1.4.2 Drawing Tracing and Inking Method


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ALPHABET OF LINES

TYPES OF LINES

LETTERING

TRACING AND INKING

QUIZ

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4.1 Tracing and Inking Materials

a) Tracing Paper

A thin semitransparent paper.

Placed on top of the original drawing.

The drawing on the tracing paper is used as the

master copy for reprinting on the blue print machine.

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PAGE

b) Technical pen

Used to ink drawing on the tracing paper.

Various pen point sizes from 0.1mm to 2mm.

Can be assembled with compass to draw arcs circles.

A technical has to be capped after used, if not its

ink will dry out.

Avoid dropping the technical pen so that the point

does not break.

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1.4.2 Drawing Tracing and Inking Method

Kept away all equipments and materials.

Use the sticky tape to set the position of the drawing.

Mistakes can be erased using a blade or ink eraser.

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Step 2Ink all horizontal lines.

Step 1Ink all centres, arcs andcircles.

Step 3Ink all vertical lines including hidden lines.

Step 4Ink all dimension linesIncluding all the details.

O 44

PAGE

O 30

60

30

15

i) Inking method

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PAGE

ii) Inking Result

Examples of good and poor inking.

Good Poor

Suggestion

Make sure the pen point does not go beyond the line and in contact too long at the beginning and at the end of the line.

1.

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PAGE

Suggestion

Make sure the pen point is really in the middle of the tracing paper.

Suggestion

Make sure the pen point is not in contact too long at the beginning and at the end of line.

Good Bad

Good Bad

2.

3.

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Suggestion

Make sure the arrow head is sharp and pointed.

Suggestion

Make sure the tangent line is connected neatly.

Good Bad

Good Bad

4.

5.

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Suggestion

Make sure the hidden lines are neat and uniform.

Good Bad

6.

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HOME

ALPHABET OF LINES

TYPES OF LINES

LETTERING

TRACING AND INKING

QUIZ

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1. What is the lines that is used in the early stages of drawing?

A. Construction line

B. Short break line

C. Object line

D. Centre line

Your answer is CORRECT!!

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B. Short break line

C. Object line

D. Centre line

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B. Short break line

C. Object line

D. Centre line

2. What is the lines that is used to show

dissected plane?

A. Additional/ Projection line

D. Hidden line

B. Long break line

C. Cutting line

Your answer is CORRECT

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dissected plane?


D. Hidden line

B. Long break line

C. Cutting line

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answer is WRONG

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dissected plane?


D. Hidden line

B. Long break line

C. Cutting line

3. Which characteristics of alphabet of lines are correct?

I. Darkness and thickness

II. Area

III. Usage

IV. Form

A. I and II only

C. I, II and IV only

D. I, II, III and IV

B. I, II and III only


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II. Area

III. Usage

IV. Form

A. I and II only




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answer is WRONG…

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II. Area

III. Usage

IV. Form

A. I and II only




4. Which form of line best described phantom line?

A.B.

C.

D.


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A.B.

C.

D.

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A.B.

C.

D.

5. Table above shows types of pen point

sizes and their uses. Which of the following is correct?

A. I and II only


D. I, II, III and IV only

B. I and IV only


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5. Table above shows types of pen point

sizes and their uses. Which of the following is correct?

A. I and II only



B. I and IV only

5. Table above shows types of pen point sizes and their uses. Which of the following is correct?

A. I and II only



B. I and IV only

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answer is WRONG..

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6. Which phrases below best described the definition of Tracing and Inking?

A. Tracing and inking are the process of copying an original drawing onto a tracing paper using technical pen.

B. Tracing and inking are the process of drawing onto a tracing paper using technical pen.

C. Tracing and inking are the process of copying an original drawing onto a tracing paper .

D. Tracing and inking are the process of copying an original drawing using technical pen.

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D. Tracing and inking are the process of copying an original drawing using technical pen.


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D. Tracing and inking are the process of copying an original drawing using technical

pen.


7. The product of tracing is called ______.

A. Tracing drawing

B. Inked drawing

C. Printing drawing

D. Technical drawing

7. The product of tracing is called______.

A. Tracing drawing

B. Inked drawing

C. Printing drawing



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7. The product of tracing is called______.

A. Tracing drawing

B. Inked drawing

C. Printing drawing



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8. What are the materials specifically used for tracing and

inking process?

I. Tracing paper

II. Technical pen

III. Mechanical pencil

IV. Liquid paper

A. I and II only


D. I, III and IV only


8. What are the materials specifically used for tracing and inking process?

I. Tracing paper

II. Technical pen


IV. Liquid paper

A. I and II only





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8. What are the materials specifically used for

tracing and inking process?

I. Tracing paper

II. Technical pen


IV. Liquid paper

A. I and II only





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TYPES OF LINES

LETTERING

TRACING AND INKING

QUIZ


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