Linear model of Curriculum
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Transcript of Linear model of Curriculum
LINEAR MODEL OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
LINEAR – term used for models whose steps proceed in a more or less sequential, straight line from beginning to end.
How is LINEAR MODEL different from other models?
THE INTERACTION MODEL OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
- is seen to be a dynamic process which can begin with any curriculum element, and
these elements can be followed in any sequence.
THE OUTCOMES-BASED MODEL
- structured series of intended learner outcomes
that implies a planning process and a focus on what
students actually learn
EXAMPLES OF LINEAR MODELS OF CURRICULUM
DESIGN
RALPH TYLER’S MODEL
Sources Sources Sources
Student
Society Subject
Tentative general objectives
Screen
Philosophy of
Education
Screen
Psychology of
Learning
Precise Instructional
Objective
There are 4 Basic steps
1) What is the purpose of the education?
2) What educational experiences will attain the purposes?
3) How can these experiences be effectively organized?
4) How can we determine when the purposes are met?
Tyler recommends that curriculum planners identify general objectives by gathering data from three sources:
1. the learners2. contemporary life outside the school3. subject matter
Filter through two screens:
1. the philosophical screen2. the psychological screen.
HILDA TABA’S MODEL
HILDA TABA
Curriculum theorist, curriculum reformer, and teacher educator.
Hilda Taba contributed to the theoretical and pedagogical foundations of concept development and critical thinking in social studies curriculum and helped to lay the foundations of education for diverse student populations.
- Very simple but complete.
Description of Approach
-Grassroots approach model that advocates for teacher participation in the development of the curriculum.
-The Taba approach believes in allowing the curriculum to be authored by the users (teachers) versus the district supervisors of the implementation of the curriculum.
-Taba approach involved teachers beginning by creating specific teaching-learning units and building to a general design.
-Inductive approach rather than traditional deductive
It offers five steps to developing curriculum:
a. creating the units of work to be studiedb. testing these units with studentsc. adapting units as necessary after the testingd. creating a framework to test to ensure that all material is covered in a clear and complete manner.e. putting the unit of study into practice, while always creating new units to use in the classroom.
Step One: Diagnosing Needs, Step Two: Formulating Specific ObjectivesStep Three: Selecting Content Step Four: Organizing ContentStep Five: Selecting Learning ExperiencesStep Six: Organizing Learning ExperiencesStep Seven: EvaluatingStep Eight: Checking for Balance
OLIVA MODEL
- A deductive model that offers a faculty a process for the complete development of a school’s curriculum.
- Recognized the needs of students in particular communities are not always the same as the general needs of students throughout our society.
Faculty can fashion a plan:
- For the curriculum of an area and design ways in which it will be carried out through instruction.
- To develop school-wide interdisciplinary programs that cut across areas of specialization such as career education, guidance, and class activities.
- For a faculty to focus on the curricular components of the model to make programmatic decisions .
- To allow a faculty to concentrate on the instructional components.
1. Specify the needs of the students in general.2. Specify the needs of society.3. Write a statement of philosophy and aims of education.4. Specify the needs of students in your school.5. Specify the needs of the particular community.
6. Specify the needs of the subject matter.7. Specify the curriculum goals of your school.8. Specify the curriculum objectives of your school.9. Organize and implement the curriculum.10. Specify instructional goals.
11. Specify instructional objectives.12. Specify instructional strategies.13. Begin selection of evaluation techniques.14. Implement instructional strategies.15. Make final selection of evaluation techniques.16. Evaluate instruction and modify instructional components.17. Evaluate the curriculum and modify curricular components.