Lineaments Analysis for Structural Geology and

Mineral Occurrences in Loei Area , NE Thailand:

Determined from Landsat DataBy

Kachentra Neawsuparp, Economic Geology Div., DMR

Punya Charusiri , Chulalongkor n University

•Purpose : An attempt to relate lineaments visible on TM Landast image for structural interpretation and mineral occurrences in northern part of Loei province.

•Material : Digital data of TM5 Landsat band 7 (NRCT), Geological map (DMR), Mineral occurrences (DMR), Computer and IDRISI, MapIfo, and Geosoft Programs

Selected AreaFeatures

• All type of rock distributions, Intrusive -and extrusive igneous rocks, Silurian

Quaternary Periods, Complex structur al geology, Fold and thrust fault belt (

Chairangsee, 1 9 9 0 ; Bunopas, 1988)

• Alotofmineraloccurrences(Jacobson,1969; DMR,1988)• Platet ect oni c f eat ur e, Loei sut ur e zone

( 1990Charusiri et al., )

1Fig Locat i on of t he st udy ar ea cover i ng norrrrrr rrrr rr rrrr rrrrrrrr

2010

km0

N

Na Duang

Wang Sa Phung

Pak Chom

Phu Kra Dung

Pha Khaw

Phu Lung

Loei

Chiang Khan

LAOS

Phu Rua

Tha Li

Dan Sai

Na Haew

101 00' 102 30'

17 00'

17 30'

16 45'

100 45'18 15'

18 00'

102 30'102 00'

Kilometers

N

200 10

10 30'1111111111111 1 10 24'2ํ222222222222 2102ํ222222222222 21 05'8ํ888888888888 8

101111111111111 1

1 12'7ํ777777777777 7

1 30'7ํ777777777777 7

1 45'7ํ777777777777 7

Index Map

0 100 200Km

N

ThailandBangkok

ChiangmaiLoei

Laos

Study area

21

15

20

oo

97o

o100

5

10

o

97o 106o5o

105 106o

21o

o

LOEI

Tha Li

Wang Saphung

Pak Chom

Dan Sai

LAOS

Geological map of the stud y area

Kilometers

N

200 10

10 30'1111111111111 1 10 24'2ํ222222222222 2102ํ222222222222 21 05'8ํ888888888888 8

101111111111111 1

1 12'7ํ777777777777 7

1 30'7ํ777777777777 7

1 45'7ํ777777777777 7

FaultThrustAnti.Syn.

TRhl

SD

CD

Pnm

Ppn

C

TRan

C

SD

PTRgr

CD

Qt

C

Qa

C

PTRgr

CD

Pel CQt

TRnp

Ppd Qa

CD

Qa

Kpp

Jpk

TRhl PTRv

TRhl

Ppd

Jpk

K

Jpw

Jsk

K

Loei

Geological map of the study area (DMR, 1 9 9 2 )

MethodologyG eolog y(D M R )

H ard cop y

E d g e en h an ced filte r D irec tion a l filte rs

U p d ated s tru c tu ra l g eo log y

S tru c tu ra l g eo log y

N ew ta rg e t a ras

M in era l d ep os it

L in eam en t an a lys is

L in eam en t m ap

V is ib le in te rp re ta tion

F ilte rs

E n h an cem en ts

D ig ita l d a ta

L an d sa t

L arg e sca le S m all sca le

C u rren t S tu d yS tru tu ra l A n a lys is

M in era lO ccu rren ces

(D M R )

P reviou s W ork

Enhancements for this study

• Edge enhancement is the process of increasing the contrast between adjacent areas with the different tone on an image.

• Directional filter is a spatial-frequency filter, which enhances features in an image in selected direction.

• Contrast stretching is the expanding a measured rang of digital number in an image to a larger range, to improve the contrast of the image and its component parts.)

What is a lineament?

• Satellite lineaments are linear feature s on the Earth’s surface, usually relate - d to the sub surface phenomena. Gen

erally lineaments are related to a larg e fractures and faults. Their orientatio n and number give an idea of fracture

pattern of rocks. (Arlegui ans Soriano, 1 9 9 8 ; Cortes et al., 1 9 9 8 ).

Landsat TM5 (band 7) image of study area

Kilometers

N

200 10

10 30'1111111111111 1 10 24'2ํ222222222222 2102ํ222222222222 21 05'8ํ888888888888 8

101111111111111 1

1 12'7ํ777777777777 7

1 30'7ํ777777777777 7

1 45'7ํ777777777777 7

Kilometers

N

200 10

10 30'1111111111111 1 10 24'2ํ222222222222 2102ํ222222222222 21 05'8ํ888888888888 8

101111111111111 1

1 12'7ํ777777777777 7

1 30'7ํ777777777777 7

1 45'7ํ777777777777 7

Fig. 2 a.Lineaments by ed- ge enhanced filter

2ํFig. b. Lineaments by directirrrr rrrrrr rr rr rrrrrrrrr

Kilometers

N

200 10

10 30'1111111111111 1 10 24'2ํ222222222222 2102ํ222222222222 21 05'8ํ888888888888 8

101111111111111 1

1 12'7ํ777777777777 7

1 30'7ํ777777777777 7

1 45'7ํ777777777777 7

Kilometers

N

200 10

10 30'1111111111111 1 10 24'2ํ222222222222 2102ํ222222222222 21 05'8888888888888 8

101111111111111 1

1 12'7ํ777777777777 7

1 30'7ํ777777777777 7

1 45'7ํ777777777777 7

2ํFig. c. Li neament s by di r ect i onal filter in N direction

Kilometers

N

200 10

10 30'1111111111111 1 10 24'2ํ222222222222 2102ํ222222222222 21 05'8ํ888888888888 8

101111111111111 1

1 12'7ํ777777777777 7

1 30'7ํ777777777777 7

1 45'7ํ777777777777 7

Loei

2ํFig d. Lineament map by co mbination of a,b and c.

Kilometers

N

200 10

10 30'1111111111111 1 10 24'2ํ222222222222 2102ํ222222222222 21 05'8ํ888888888888 8

101111111111111 1

1 12'7ํ777777777777 7

1 30'7ํ777777777777 7

1 45'7ํ777777777777 7

Limestone, thick bedded; chert, black, intercalations shale

Sandstone, reddish-brown, and shale, and conglomerate

Phyllite; schist, and green quartzite

Granodiorite, diorite, and granite

PTR = Permo-TriassicP = PermianC = Carboiferous

SD = Silurian- DevonianS = Silurian

Sandstone, siltstone, shale, limestone, conglomerate

Alluvial deposits : river gravel, sand, silt and clay

SEDIMENTARY AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS

EXPLANATION

Tuff, agglomerate, rhyolite, and andesite

Sandstone, white, conglomerate and shale

Sandstone, siltstone, reddish-brown to graySiltsione, sandstone, and some conglomerate

Limestone, thick-bedded to massive; shale,Shale, sandy shale; sandstone, limestone lensSlaty shale, tuff, rhyolitic; quartzite; chert;

Andesite, rhyolite, tuff, and agglomerate

Shale, sandstone, limestone, and chert

Terrace : gravel, sand, silt and clay

Sandstone, siltstone, shale, conglomerate

Siltstone, reddish-brown, sandstone

Sandstone, siltstone, and shale

IGNEOUS ROCKS

Q = QuaternaryJ = JurassicTR = Triassic

K = Khok Kruat Fm.pp = Phu Phan Fm.sk = Sao Khua Fm.pw = Pha Wihan Fm.hl = Huai Hin Lat Fm.

pd = Pha Dua Fm.nm =Tham Nam Mahoran .el = Huai E-lert Fm.

v = Volcanicgr = Granitean = Andesite

River

Circular feature

Lineaments

Qa

TRnp

CD

PTRv

TRhl

Ppd

Jpk

Jsk

QtK

Kpp

Jpw

SD

TRanPTRgr

Pnm

C

Pel

Ppn

TRhl

SD

CD

Pnm

Ppn

C

TRan

C

SD

PTRgr

CD

Qt

C

Qa

C

PTRgr

CD

Pel C

Qt

TRnp

Ppd Qa

CD

Qa

Kpp

Jpk

TRhl PTRv

TRhl

Ppd

Jpk

K

Jpw

Jsk

K

Fig. 3 Lineaments overlay on geological map

Fig. 4 lineament analysis

Kilometers

N

200 10

10 30'1111111111111 1 10 24'2ํ222222222222 2102ํ222222222222 21 05'8ํ888888888888 8

101111111111111 1

1 12'7ํ777777777777 7

1 30'7ํ777777777777 7

1 45'7ํ777777777777 7

(a)

Loei

Kilometers

N

200 10

10 30'1111111111111 1 10 24'2ํ222222222222 2102ํ222222222222 21 05'8ํ888888888888 8

101111111111111 1

1 12'7ํ777777777777 7

1 30'7ํ777777777777 7

1 45'7ํ777777777777 7

(b)

Loei

Kilometers

N

200 10

10 30'1111111111111 1 10 24'2ํ222222222222 2102ํ222222222222 21 05'8ํ888888888888 8

101111111111111 1

1 12'7ํ777777777777 7

1 30'7ํ777777777777 7

1 45'7ํ777777777777 7

(c)

Loei

Kilometers

N

200 10

10 30'1111111111111 1 10 24'2ํ222222222222 2102ํ222222222222 21 05'8ํ888888888888 8

101111111111111 1

1 12'7ํ777777777777 7

1 30'7ํ777777777777 7

1 45'7ํ777777777777 7

(d)

Loei

Lineament map -Selected N lineament

-Selected NW lineament -Selected NE lineament

Kilometers

N

200 10

10 30'1111111111111 1 10 24'2ํ222222222222 2102ํ222222222222 21 05'8ํ888888888888 8

101111111111111 1

1 12'7ํ777777777777 7

1 30'7ํ777777777777 7

1 45'7ํ777777777777 7

FaultThrust F.AnticlineSynclineLinearA. linear

(c)

1

X

3

3

RR'1

Kilometers

N

200 10

10 30'1111111111111 1 10 24'2ํ222222222222 2102ํ222222222222 21 05'8ํ888888888888 8

101111111111111 1

1 12'7ํ777777777777 7

1 30'7ํ777777777777 7

1 45'7ํ777777777777 7

(d)

Loei

Thrust F.Fault

AnticlineSyncline

Kilometers

N

200 10

10 30'1111111111111 1 10 24'2ํ222222222222 2102ํ222222222222 21 05'8ํ888888888888 8

101111111111111 1

1 12'7ํ777777777777 7

1 30'7ํ777777777777 7

1 45'7ํ777777777777 7

(b)

Loei

Kilometers

N

200 10

10 30'1111111111111 1 10 24'2ํ222222222222 2102ํ222222222222 21 05'8ํ888888888888 8

101111111111111 1

1 12'7ํ777777777777 7

1 30'7ํ777777777777 7

1 45'7ํ777777777777 7

Discon.major L.Cont.major L.

Minor linear

(a)

a.Showing selected major lineaments b.Structural data from geologic map

c .Integrated map from a. and b d. Complied lineaments with geology and strain ellipsoid

rrrr5 rrrrrrrrrr rrrrrrr rr rrr rrrrrrrrrr rrrrrrr

Kilometers

N

200 10

10 30'1111111111111 1 10 24'2ํ222222222222 2102ํ222222222222 21 05'8ํ888888888888 8

101111111111111 1

1 12'7ํ777777777777 7

1 30'7ํ777777777777 7

1 45'7ํ777777777777 7

1

X

3

3

RR'1

Loei

Updated structural geological map

Fig.6 Lineaments related to mineral occurrences

Au

Ba Fe Cu

Mn Pb

Kilometers

N

200 10

10 30'1111111111111 1 10 24'2ํ222222222222 2102ํ222222222222 21 05'8ํ888888888888 8

101111111111111 1

1 12'7ํ777777777777 7

1 30'7ํ777777777777 7

1 45'7ํ777777777777 7

(c)Kilometers

N

200 10

10 30'1111111111111 1 10 24'2ํ222222222222 2102ํ222222222222 21 05'8ํ888888888888 8

101111111111111 1

1 12'7ํ777777777777 7

1 30'7ํ777777777777 7

1 45'7ํ777777777777 7 Au

Ba Fe Cu

Mn Pb

(d)

Kilometers

N

200 10

10 30'1111111111111 1 10 24'2ํ222222222222 2102ํ222222222222 21 05'8ํ888888888888 8

101111111111111 1

1 12'7ํ777777777777 7

1 30'7ํ777777777777 7

1 45'7ํ777777777777 7 Au

Ba Fe Cu

Mn Pb

(a)Kilometers

N

200 10

10 30'1111111111111 1 10 24'2ํ222222222222 2102ํ222222222222 21 05'8ํ888888888888 8

101111111111111 1

1 12'7ํ777777777777 7

1 30'7ํ777777777777 7

1 45'7ํ777777777777 7 Au

Ba Fe Cu

Mn Pb

(b)

a.with circular featureb.with NE &NW lineament

c.with density of lineaments

d.with total length of lineaments

Kilometers

N

200 10

10 30'1111111111111 1 10 24'2ํ222222222222 2102ํ222222222222 21 05'8ํ888888888888 8

101111111111111 1

1 12'7ํ777777777777 7

1 30'7ํ777777777777 7

1 45'7ํ777777777777 7 Au

Ba Fe Cu

Mn Pb

New targer rrrrr

CONCLUSION

• Digital image processing is a very useful tool to help analyzing Landsat data

• Combination of major lineament from La ndsat data and structures from geologic

al map can delineate updating structural geology of the area

• The lineaments related with the mineral occurrences by using lineament analysis

show suitable area for future exploration