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Language in

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Consciousness Raising Activities

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By Victoria S. Oliva

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Student´s Book •Workbook •

pag legal LinT 5 SB.indd 1 5/24/13 12:21 PM

Editorial management: Gricelda Arvizu Viggiano Publishing coordination: Víctor Fernel Guzmán ArvizuDesign: Sergio Guzmán Chavéz Front page design: Roman Olvera DelgadoPublishing Manager: Leticia Fernández HernándezProofreading: Ignacio Vargas RojasImages: Shutterstock

Copyright:© 2013 Victoria S. Oliva© 2013 Gricelda Arvizu Viggiano Paseo de Faisan No. 50 Col. Lomas Verdes, 1a Sección C.P 53120 Naucalpan, Edo. de México.

Language in Time 5

Language in Time 3 STD and WBK ISBN: 978-607-615-039-9

Language in Time 3 Teacher’s book ISBN: 978-607-615-040-5

Queda prohibida la reproducción o transmisión total o parcial del contenido de la presente obra por cualquier medio: electrónico o mecánico, incluso el fotocopiado, sin el consentimiento previo y por escrito del editor.

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Miembro de la Camara Nacional de Comercio de la Ciudad de México.Registro No. 13405

Impreso en México / Printed in Mexico

1a. Edición: 2013

Se terminó la impresión de esta obra en Mayo del 2013 en los talleres de Editorial Progreso, S. A. de C. V.Naranjo No. 248, Colonia Santa María la RiberaDelegación Cuauhtémoc, C.P. 06400, México, D. F.

Informes:

Teléfono / Fax: (55) 5343-2542Teléfono / Fax: (771)[email protected]

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Language in Time takes learners from A1 to B1 levels according to CEF standards.It is a communicative-based series which has been written for teachers and students who are searching for new and innovative ways to teach and learn English.It encourages and promotes a consciousness raising approach to learning English as a foreign language.

Language in Time• develops communicative (CC) and generic competencies (GC) with a learner-friendly syllabus.• encourages students to work in pairs and teams, motivating them to develop their communicative skills.• promotes students’ ability to communicate their ideas creatively and confidently.• presents topics that attract students’ interest and motivates them in an entertaining way.• demonstrates how English is used in real-life situations, enabling students to use it in meaningful contexts.

Language in Time contains• a table of contents and didactic structure of the books.• modular pages presenting the topics, skills, vocabulary and functions to be worked with in the module and

Diagnostic Tests, which help elicit students’ previous knowledge, following the constructivist approach.• modules divided into lessons which include the following sections:

• Writing Follow-Up Teaches students how to write essays, reports, letters and stories that enable them to develop writing skills that engage students in careful, systematic analysis and in deeper understanding of a topic/subject.

• Reading Follow-Up Presents different reading exercises exposing students to reading comprehension practice.• Workbook Consolidates the language learned in the module.• Total Assessment Presents 4 approaches that develop self and peer-assessing skills in each module.• Grammar Reference Explains in detail the grammatical structures practiced in each module.• Competencies CC and GC explain communicative and generic competencies being developed, to help make

students aware of their role in the learning process.• CEF Test Helps students develop self-assessing skills and acknowledge their progress.

The Teacher’s book includes the Student’s book with answers and instructions, useful tips, audio scripts, portfolio/learning evidence activities, ENLACE-type Evaluations, Speaking Evaluation Practice and much more.

The Author

Get ready to Time to start Listen on Word for word Grammar peek Speak up

Read on Check it out Team up Writing practice Pairwork Project@hand

Introduction

4 Language in Time V

The Structure of Language in Time 5

Project “Society”

Fundamental concept • Advancements of humanity

Subsidiary concept • Society

Language functions

• Discuss social network interactions.

• Use different ways of agreeing and

disagreeing.• Discuss the influence of advertising.

• Talk about stereotypes and stereotyping.

p. 14p. 15

p. 17p. 19

Grammar notions• Simple Present vs. Simple Past

• Passive Voice• Prefixes and Suffixes

p. 14p. 17p. 19

Vocabulary

• Social networks• Advertising• Adjectives• Stereotypes

p. 15p. 16p. 18p. 19

Text analysis

• Descriptive• Narrative• Scientific• Prediction• Skimming• Scanning• Connectors

Values

• Appreciation of relationships

• Acceptance• Tolerance

Learning context • Integrating topic “Society”

Diagnostic Test

discuss social networking interactions?

use different ways of agreeing and disagreeing?

identify and use the Passive Voice?

discuss the influence of advertising?

identify and use words with suffixes and prefixes?

talk about stereotyping?

use adjectives to describe people?

Can you...Yes

SIMPLE PRESENT

No

SIMPLE PAST

Choose SIMPLE PRESENT or SIMPLE PAST for the sentences.

1. I can’t imagine my life without the Internet.

2. Many years ago, long distance communication wasn’t easy.

3. She spends too much time online.

4. Pete saw your ad on a web site.

5. Nowadays, people communicate faster.

6. Many people don’t like TV commercials.

7. He wasn't there on time.

8. Did Mike answer the quiz?

9. Some ads are funny.

10. He used to think that Hans was boring.

11. There are too many action movies in the theaters.

12. Rose attended three social events in one night.

13. His attitude is too arrogant.

14. My friend didn’t send his resumé to Mr. Newman.

15. Are all Germans punctual?

What nationality are these people? What are they doing?

Explain your opinion. Complete the sentences.

1. I think Josh is

because

.

2. I think Sati is

because

.

3. I think Karl is

because

.


Lesson 1 What’s your favorite social network site?

Time to start What social network do you use?

Grammar peek Simple Present vs. Simple Past

Listen on T1 Brings Us Together or Sets Us Apart?

discuss social network interactions and use different ways of agreeing and disagreeing.Get ready to…

Correct the sentences.• I post a new photo two days ago.• Hank hasn't sent me messages every day.• Who clicked 'Like' on your posts as soon as you publish them?

Interview your classmates and complete the table.

NAME SOCIAL NETWORK HOW OFTEN…?

Before you listen to Mr. Nigel and Leonora, answer the questions. Then answer them again after you listen to the dialog.1. What is a social networking site? 2. When did the first social network site appear? 3. When did Myspace© appear? 4. Why are social networking sites popular? 5. Did social networking sites make communicating easier and faster?

Listen to the track again and choose I AGREE or I DISAGREE for each of the statements. Discuss them.1. Social networking sites made my life easier.2. Some people shouldn’t use any social network sites.3. Social networking sites set people apart.4. Social networking sites help people communicate faster.5. People spend too much time online.6. Social networking sites affect us in a positive way.Listen to the dialog again and complete the timeline here.

I AGREE I DISAGREE

In 1997

In 2003

In 2002

In 2004 In 2006

The aim of this section is to present structures, functions or vocabulary the students are going to work with.

The aim of this section is to encourage students to discuss, exchange information, make suggestions or express their personal opinion, in order to introduce the topic of the lesson and make it meaningful.

Modular pages familiarize students and teachers with the goals, vocabulary, skills and structures of the module.It introduces the content of the module.

Diagnostic tests help teachers elicit vocabulary and grammar rules. Students complete the task and, after finishing the module, they can take the test again to find out how well they’ve advanced.It helps develop a learner-centered approach. It makes learning memorable as learners can link new to old information, and it can help create a dynamic and stimulating environment.

In this section, pre-listening activities are introduced through a series of questions or tasks to activate students’ background knowledge.A variety of pre-, during and post- listening activities are presented in each of the listening sections.Listening is one of the keys to successful language learning. After listening to a track several times, students will learn pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary. Listening activities in each module are graded to the students’ level.Listening skills are very important to learning a language because of the amount of language input that is received through listening.A variety of listening tasks are introduced in this section:• Listening and repeating• Listening and answering• Listening to scan selectively for certain information• Listening to say how many times you hear …• Listening for specific information• Listening for gist• Listening for the main idea• Listening and interacting

5The Structure of Language in Time


Lesson 3 Do you know how to save money?

discuss your saving strategies and learn about budgets using the Future Simple and

the Future Perfect Simple.Get ready to…

Time to start How do you save your money?

Listen on T6 Good Advice!

Have you ever planned a budget for you or your family?

Are you a good saver?

Listen to Ross and Anne and complete the table. Then listen again and complete Ross’s advice.

Future SimpleFuture Perfect Simple

1. You will have to .

2. You will need to .

3. You will use the budget sheet to .

4. You will have to keep .

5. You will have to categorize your .

6. You’ll be able .

Complete the table.

My expenses My income My savings By 2020, I will have saved…

Grammar peek Future Simple vs. Future Perfect Simple

What sentence expresses a completed action before sometime in the future?

What sentence expresses a voluntary action?

a. I won’t waste my money in the future.

b. I won’t have saved a lot of money before I’m 30.

Use the Future Simple to express a promise or a voluntary action.

Use the Future Perfect Simple to express the idea that something will occur

before another action or specific time in the future. (will have + past participle)

Examples: Mark will sell his car to pay for his tuition.

Mark will have paid his tuition before the semester ends.

Attitude & Values

Is it important to be disciplined to be able to

save money? Do you think it is possible to become rich if

you don’t control your spending habits?

Read and explain these proverbs:

“There is no luck except where there is

discipline.”“It’s not the work that’s hard, it’s the

discipline.”“While the blanket is short, learn to curl for

you to fit in it.”

Word for wordFirst, try to explain the new words on your own. Then find the definitions in the dictionary.

• budget • fund • income • expense • revenue

35Module 2 Project “Economy”

Writing practiceComplete the budget sheet in your notebook. Compare it with your classmates' sheets and discuss the differences.

Category Budget Amount Actual Amount DifferenceIncomeWages/Other incomeSubtotal:Rent/Food/Clothing/OtherSubtotal:NET Income

Read on BudgetsRead and choose from the budget types to match their descriptions. What types of budgets are appropriate for the individuals, business, or government organizations?Revenue budgets Incremental budgets Capital expenditure budgets Incremental budgets

The funds within this type of budget are allocated to departments or organizational units. The managers of these units then allocate funds to activities as they see fit. It is developed from the previous budget. Each period's budget begins by using the last period as a reference point.

This type of budget is a forecast, because it is based on the projection of future sales. Company’s competitors, advertising budget, sales force effectiveness and other relevant factors must be taken into consideration. An estimate of sales volume must be made. Based on estimates of demand at various prices, an appropriate sales price must be selected.

This type of budgets programs investments in property, buildings and major equipments. These are typically substantial expenses both in terms of magnitude and duration. The magnitude and duration of these investments can justify the development of separate budgets for these expenses. It allows forecasting future capital requirements, to keep on top of important capital projects, and to ensure that adequate cash is available to meet these expenses.

This type of budget shows the primary activities undertaken by an individual/organization to achieve its goals and allocates a specific amount to each. Particular attention has to be given to fixed expenses.

Team upRead the saving money tips that Ross gave to Anne. Then in teams, write more tips of your own. The team that writes more and better tips will win. For example:• Do not have more than one credit card and use it only for emergencies. • Never go shopping on an empty stomach.• Eat less in restaurants and more at home. • Hire more efficient and less expensive TV cable/satellite and cellular plans.

Project@HandIn teams, decide what you would like to save money for. Then create a budget and develop strategies for saving, which will allow you to achieve your goal: a graduation party, new school supplies, going on a trip, etc.Write about the project “Our Budget” on the Project Report section on pp. 76, 77.

Interview your classmates to find out their ways of saving money. Find out who among your classmates is the best at saving and why.Explain to your classmates why it is important for an individual, a school, a city, or a country to have a well-balanced budget.

SPEAK UPSPEAK UP

This section deals with grammatical structures that appear in the lesson.Introducing grammar consciousness-raising tasks in Grammar Peek sections of the series we intend to combine the development of knowledge about problematic features with the provision for meaning-focused use of the target language. It promotes both proficiency gains and negotiated interaction in the participants.Activities in this section are created thinking about how the grammar point is used in everyday situations, then recreating some of these situations in the classroom in the form of dialogues or controlled discussions.After Ss are asked questions or given examples, which encourage them to infer the rules, grammar structures are clearly explained through notes and examples.Students should find examples of the grammatical structures in the texts or produce examples of their own.

This section introduces game-type activities which should be performed in teams or groups. The activities in this section are interesting and motivating. They include guessing, matching, drawing, writing tasks and discussions. Students should be encouraged to use the lexical items and grammatical structures presented in the lesson. Examples are provided to facilitate students’ performance.

This section enables students to work individually in the classroom or at home on some practical and motivating tasks like: interviews, posters, photos, recipes, descriptions, stories, formal documents, letters and research.

Lexical competence is a central part of communicative competence.In this section a variety of drills, collocations, idioms, phrasal verbs, synonyms, lexical phrases and semantic associations is introduced.The purpose of these activities is to familiarize students with a variety of words, expressions and collocations introduced in the texts and dialogs within the lesson. New lexical items are illustrated or explained through examples in every lesson.Vocabulary is just as important as grammar for communicating in a language.Activities in this section encourage students to explain the meaning of a word, pronounce it correctly, find synonyms and make sentences using them.New words are not presented in isolation and students are not encouraged to learn them by simple memorization. New vocabulary items are presented in contexts rich enough to provide clues to meaning and students are exposed to items they have to learn.Exercises include learning words through listening, reading and writing practices.


The Structure of Language in Time 5


Reading Follow-Up

Read about different types of charities and fill in the gaps with the correct types of charity that you find in the SPEAK UP section.

Then, complete the sentences below and decide in pairs or groups, what charity you would donate to.

focus on ways to save our planet. They support sustainable

development of the environment and promote preservation.

focus on protecting pets, wildlife and endangered species.

They teach people to treat animals with respect.

focus on supporting and treating the sick and disabled.

They work on cures for diseases and promote public awareness of specific health risks.

focus on preserving artistic and cultural heritage. They

support the arts and promote culture in all forms.

focus on helping students. They support educational

institutions and promote more accessible and effective education.

focus on disaster relief, humanitarian work, human rights

and child protection . Their headquarters reside in one country but work in other.

1. If I donate to Animal Charities, I will help

.

2. If I donate to Health Charities, I will

.

3. If I donate to Education Charities, I will

.

4. If I donate to Environmental Charities, I will

.

5. If I donate to International Charities, I will

.

6. If I donate to Arts and Culture Charities, I will

.

“The value of a man resides in what he gives and not in what he is capable of receiving.”

Albert Einstein

Number from 1 to 6 the types of charities that are important to you; 1 being the most important, and 6 being the least

important for you. Discuss it with your classmates. How would you define these types of charities?

• Arts & Culture Charities

• Health Charities

• Education Charities

• Environmental Charities

• International Charities

• Animal Charities

SPEAK UPSPEAK UP

I would donate to…

WEB SEARCHVisit

www.mexicoamigo.org

and learn about charity work that

this organization does.

What type of charity does the

organization promote?

Read about the history of the

organization.

Create a draft for a website which

would help promote your

charity organization.

PairworkRead the article and make questions about it for each other.

Come up with a title for the article.

Some celebrities, like movie stars and singers, are not just talented, but also generous.

Giving to charity for some celebrities is a way to become more popular. For others, it’s

a necessity.

Lots of celebrities do charity work. Some say it has become fashionable to be

concerned about the world and the environment. Whether the celebrities succeed in

trying to help others or not, is a controversial subject. A charity, connected to a famous

public figure, gets publicity. Many people become interested and want to contribute.

Leonardo Di Caprio is a determined environmentalist. George Clooney supports

disaster relief programs. Bono raised millions for “AIDS relief” foundations.


Lesson 1 Could Mars have been inhabited in the past?

Time to start

Grammar peek Modal verbs for past probability

use modal verbs to talk about past probabilities and discuss if Mars could have been inhabited.

Get ready to…

What do these sentences express?• The orientation of the Earth poles shifted in the past. FACT or PROBABILITY• The orientation of the Earth poles might have shifted in the past. FACT or PROBABILITYmodal verb (may, could, might) + have + past participleis used to express that there is a possibility that something happened in the past, but we aren’t sure.

Examples: He may have called you twice yesterday. Jane could have told her about it last week.

Scientists have found evidence that the orientation of the poles of the Earth might have shifted in the past. It could have forced our entire planet to spin on its side for a few million years. It was the way the Earth might have restored its own balance and it might happen again.

I like to imagine that Mars could have been home to intelligent life or that it is inhabited. Satellite imagery has shown strange things that look like structured areas and straight lines. They could have been the ruins of ancient civilizations.There might have been networks of cave systems and ecosystems. Some deep craters on Mars also acted as basins where groundwater likely emerged to produce lakes, which contain clay and carbonate minerals. There could have been rivers, lakes and seas on the surface of the red planet.Some controversial photos were published by NASA. They show large formations that look like spreading trees as seen from above. These formations appear to change with the seasons, growing with the warmth and increased sunlight of Mars's spring season, just as vegetation would. Some kind of plant life could have existed on Mars.Some say there is a humanoid civilization living under the surface of Mars. Some scientists suggest that thousands of years ago fragments of the Vela supernova entered the solar system and destroyed the ecosystem on Mars. The Martians, who were more ethically and technologically advanced than humans, might have sheltered underground.

Check it out!

The density of the atmosphere on Mars is about one hundredth that of Earth's atmosphere, so liquid water is not very likely on Mars. The surface of Mars has been mapped and there are no seas or lakes or rivers, or forests. It looks like there

was once liquid water on the surface of Mars, but that was in the distant past.

Read on Is Mars Inhabited?Do you think there is life on Mars?Read what Alan is saying and complete the sentences below. Do you agree with him?

1. Mars could have been

.2. They could have been

.3. There might have been

.4. There could have been

.5. Some kind of

.6. The Martians might have

.

In this section, students’ attention is primarily focused on developing reading skills.Pre-, during- and post- reading activities are introduced in the section.Activities in this section encourage students to read for multiple purposes including:• to search for information• to synthesize and evaluate information• for general comprehension• to learn new informationSome of the examples of the reading activities included in this section are:• Previewing the text• Skimming the text or portions of the text• Answering or formulating questions• Exploring key vocabulary• Outlining or summarizing key ideas• Examining emotions or attitudes of key characters• Writing down predictions• Completing tables, charts or grids• Expanding or changing a semantic mapCareful reading of texts is encouraged. Tasks require students to demonstrate a good understanding of details in the text, to learn information from it, and to use that information for other tasks.Activities often focus on unraveling information in sentences, exploring inference that connect sets of information, distinguishing important ideas and using text information for other activities.If a text is too difficult for students, additional support is provided, encouraging students to work in pairs or groups and do post-reading activities together.

In this section, students are encouraged to work in pairs, thus exchanging information or giving their personal opinion on a subject. Students should use the lexical items and structures introduced in the lesson. In this section, students put into practice what they’ve learned through listening, reading or writing activities, by creating dialogs, asking and answering questions, making comparisons, discussing different topics, etc.

Activities in this section promote oral skills in many ways.Discussions, speeches, role plays, conversations, listening to dialogs and other accuracy-based activities are used in the speaking sections of the lessons. Activities that promote students getting acquainted with each other and practice specific structures in a realistic context. This section enables students to use some of the vocabulary, grammar and functions introduced in the lesson in a meaningful context.The activities are motivating and present real-life tasks. Students make suggestions, make decisions, express their personal opinion, compare photos, speculate, compare and discuss to achieve their goal.The speaking tasks are based on verbal or visual stimuli.

In this section, students are introduced to different grammar points, interesting cultural facts or new lexical items which might encourage them to research more on a subject.

7The Structure of Language in Time

21Module 1 Project “Society”

Writing Follow-Up

Read onRead the sample essay and put the paragraphs into the corresponding order.

Ads Everywhere!

People have become addicted to ads. It seems obvious that people can’t make decisions for themselves anymore. Someone

has to tell them which brand of clothes to wear, which car to drive or which brand of food to eat.

On the other hand, advertising gains profits that go towards many TV programs that we watch. We enjoy watching good

movies and ads are a useful tool to attract new investors.

To sum up, there are many reasons for trying to defend ourselves against advertising by becoming less materialistic. There is

no doubt that it is a hard thing to do. We live in a consumerist society.

It is worrying that people are constantly bombarded by ads. They are everywhere. It is obvious that children are the real

victims. They’re easily influenced by advertising.

1. Include the statement declared in the task or title.

2. Offer ideas supporting one side of the statement.

3. Provide points that support the other side of the statement.

4. Conclude by giving your own opinion and summing up.

Time to startComplete the table with the correct words and phrases.

AgreeingDisagreeing Giving opinions

As I see it… There are many reasons for… It is quite true that… I don’t think that…

I totally agree with… On one hand… If it were up to me… I can’t argue with…

It seems obvious, but… To sum up… …is in complete contradiction with… For instance…

There is no doubt that… but It is true that... I don’t doubt that… I can't agree with...


Category Budget Amount Actual Amount Difference

Income

Wages/Other income

Subtotal:

Rent/Food/Clothing/Other

Subtotal:

NET Income


Workbook

SIMPLE PAST

PRESENT PERFECT

1. Complete the puzzle with words from the article “Astronomy in Prehispanic Cultures” to find the name of one of the

main gods in ancient Mesoamerican cultures. Use these definitions to help you.1. The science, art, and business of cultivating soil, producing crops, and rearing livestock; farming.

2. A picture or symbol representing an object, concept, or sound.3. The prescribed order of a religious ceremony.4. A member of a Mexican Indian people who established a great empire, centered on the valley of Mexico, that was

overthrown by Cortés and his followers in the early 16th century.5. Any of various systems of reckoning time in which the beginning, length, and divisions of a year are defined.

6. The partial or complete obscuring, relative to a designated observer, of one celestial body by another.

7. The act of offering something to a deity in propitiation or homage, especially the ritual slaughter of an animal or

a person.8. Manuscripts, especially of a classic work or of the Scriptures.9. Military operations marked by a specific characteristic.10. In accordance with established or accepted laws, patterns and standards.

11. A group or class of people or a member of such a group or class, enjoying superior intellectual, social, or

economic status.

2. Read the sentences and choose SIMPLE PAST or PRESENT PERFECT.1. The main contribution of the Aztec rule was a system of communications between the conquered cities.2. For millennia the practice of human sacrifice was widespread in Mesoamerican and South American cultures.3. Excavations of some cities have proved that a sizeable number of luxury items were produced in Tenochtitlan.4. An Aztec could become a slave as a punishment.5. Recent advances in the decipherment of the Maya writing system has shed light on

the socio-political, artistic, and historical aspects of the Maya civilization.6. The Maya calendar involved several interlocking cycles, some of which tracked

astronomical events while others seemingly followed abstract time intervals.7. The presence of the Long Count on ancient monuments has helped archaeologists

date them to our calendar (which is called the Gregorian Calendar).8. The Maya writing system had an extensive set of phonetic signs.

Q1

5

9

3

7

2

6

10

4

8

11

55Module 3 Project “Science”

Workbook

TRUE

WOULD

FALSE

WOULDN’T

3. Put the verbs into the correct tense (Simple Past or Present Perfect Simple).Anna: (you/try/ever) lobster?Nick: Yes, I (try) it many times. It’s my favorite seafood dish. I love it!

Anna: When (you/eat) lobster for the first time? Was it a long time ago?Nick: I (eat) lobster for the first time on my brother’s birthday. He (invite) us to

a seafood restaurant.Anna: (you/like) it then?Nick: Yes, I . I (not/be) to that restaurant before. The food (be) delicious.4. Listen to Track 8 and choose TRUE or FALSE for the statements.1. Modern science was based on old writings originating from the ancient Romans and Greeks.2. Medieval physicians would base their treatments on one’s symptoms.3. Surgeons would take care of skin conditions.4. Physicians with an academic degree would cure their patients with drugs and diets.5. Physicians made and sold drugs.6. British apothecaries would make drugs.7. In the early 16th century, British apothecaries would prescribe drugs.

8. The need for medical care wasn’t high.9. Academic medicine often could not cure diseases.10. People would turn to anyone who proved to be qualified.11. The difference between a charlatan and a qualified physician had more to do with fees than the outcome.

12. A literate person would learn medicine by reading.13. All educated men who acquired some theoretical medical knowledge would practice medicine.14. People would rely on doctors.15. Housewives often had herb gardens that provided medical ingredients.

6. Choose WOULD or WOULDN’T to fill the gaps.1. I always get up early. Now, it's not easy to get up at 5 a.m. every day.2. When I lived in London, I drive on the right side of the road.3. She call me every day, but now she doesn't even send me text messages anymore.4. Mr. Jones never allow us to stay at school after class. Now, he always asks us to stay and help.

5. When Pete was five, he talk to strangers. He was very reserved and shy.6. I had to help my mother, so I take care of my little sister.7. My mother always clean my room. I'm not used to cleaning my room now.8. Rose never feed Rover on time. So, now he grabs food from the counter at any time.9. My students never listen to my advice. They regret it today, but now it is too late.10. Jim bite his finger nails whenever he was nervous.11. They call every morning. But, I knew they were doing fine.12. Martha think it was all right to interrupt the teacher until she was asked to leave the classroom.

5. Write the correct words from the WORD FOR WORD section in Lesson 2 next to their definitions.1. A person who makes elaborate, fraudulent, and often voluble claims to skill or knowledge; a quack or fraud.

2. Something, such as medicine or therapy, that relieves pain, cures disease, or corrects a disorder.

3. A person licensed to practice medicine; a medical doctor.

4. An end result; a consequence.

5. To demand, ask for, or take as one's own or one's due.

6. The manner of thinking, behaving, or reacting characteristic of a specific person.

7. A surgical procedure, especially one involving the removal/replacement of a diseased organ or tissue.

The pages of the Workbook introduce a variety of exercises to consolidate speaking, writing, listening and reading skills practiced in the module.Exercises on these pages can be performed in the classroom individually, in pairs, in teams or at home.

In this section of each module, students are exposed to a variety of writing exercises which develop the mental skills necessary for learning and thinking. Writing essays, reports, letters and stories help students understand the subject under discussion and provides them with an outlet for expressing their feelings and opinions.

In this section, students are introduced to different writing tasks: answering questions, completing, expanding and elaborating, editing, comparing, retelling, etc. Students should be given enough time to perform the writing tasks. The use of the new lexical items and grammatical structures is encouraged.Students are encouraged to express their ideas in writing and to do so with reasonable coherence and accuracy. Activities introduced in this section should be viewed as an act of communication.The proposed sequence of activities start with primary focus on the mechanical aspects of writing, as the basic instrumental skill. Then they gradually move on to a combination of language focus and “purpose for writing”. Gradually, the communicative perspective will become more central to writing activities.


Contents

Module 1Project “Society”p. 12

Listening Vocabulary Grammar Writing Reading Speaking Project

Lesson 1What’s your favorite social network site?p. 14 - 15

“Brings Us Together or Sets Us Apart?”

Social networks

Simple Present vs. Simple Past

Answer the questions.

Questions and answers

Discuss the questions.

“Personal Interaction”

Lesson 2Is our society influenced by advertising?p. 16 - 17

“Influenced by

Commercials?”Advertising

Passive Voice (Present) vs. Passive Voice

(Past)

Complete the

sentences.

“Opinions on Advertising”

Debate about the

influence of advertising.

“The Influence of Advertising”

Lesson 3Do you stereotype people?p. 18 - 19

“A Rude Martian?” Adjectives Prefixes and

Suffixes

Complete the

sentences.

Different statements


“Stop Stereotyping”

Reading Follow-Upp. 20

“Advertising techniques”

Statements Article Questions Project@Hand

Writing Follow-Upp. 21

Essay

Expressing opinions Sample essay Writing an essay

Workbookp. 22, 23, 24, 25 Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3

Total Assessmentp. 26 - 27 Self-assessment Performance assessment Peer evaluation Developed

projects

9Contents

Module 2Project “Economy”p. 28


Lesson 1Should you use a credit card?p. 30 - 31

A New Credit Card! Credit cards

Modals of obligation, necessity

and advice

Write sentences.

“Credit vs. Cash”

Interview your

classmates.

“Credit Cards”

Lesson 2What would you donate?p. 32 - 33

“Would He?” Charities Second Conditional

Write about motivation. “Charities”

Answer and discuss the

quiz.“My Charity”

Lesson 3Do you know how to save money?p. 34 - 35

“Good Advice!” Budgets

Future Simple

vs.Future Perfect Simple

Complete the table. “Budgets”

Interview your

classmates.

“Our Budget”


“Types of Charities”

Speaking Reading Discussions Web Search


Report

Report plan Sample report Writing a report Tips


Total Assessmentp. 42, 43 Self-assessment Performance assessment Peer evaluation Developed

projects


Contents

Module 3Project “Science”p. 44


Lesson 1Have you ever observed the night sky?p. 46 - 47

“Questions” AstronomyPresent

Perfect vs. Simple Past

Complete the

sentences.

“Astronomy in

Prehispanic Cultures”

Discuss the statements. “Astronomy”

Lesson 2How would medieval doctors treat their patients?p. 48 - 49

“Medieval Medicine” Medicine

Would (past habit or routine)

Answer the questions.

“Medical Advancements of the Past”

Interview your

classmates.

“Medical Advancements”

Lesson 3What can DNA tell us?p. 50 - 51

“Bioethics” Genetics Reported Speech

Complete the

sentences.

“Why Am I Unique?” Debate “Tracking My

Genes”


“Genetic Engineering”

Article Opinions Images Discussion


Formal e-mail

Tips Sample mail Formal mail Web Search


Total Assessmentp. 58 - 59 Self-assessment Performance assessment Peer evaluation Developed

projects

11Contents

Module 4Project “Technology”p. 60


Lesson 1Could Mars have been inhabited in the past?p. 62 - 63

“Spirit” Past probability

Modal verbs for past

probability

Complete the

sentences.

“Is Mars Inhabited?”


“Missions to Mars”

Lesson 2How might more energy be saved?p. 64 - 65

“New Energy Saving

Technologies!”

Energy sourcesClocks

MightUsed to

Rewrite the sentences.

“Another Source of Energy”

Debate “Saving Energy”

Lesson 3How did people use to tell the time?p. 66 - 67

“They Used to Tell the

Time!”Clocks Used to Answer the

questions. “Clocks” Discuss the questions. “No Clocks”


“Atomic Clocks”

Article Statements Discussion


Story

Tips Story Writing a story Web Search


Total Assessmentp. 74, 75 Self-assessment Performance assessment Peer evaluation Developed

projects

Project “Society”


Subsidiary concept • Society

Language functions

• Discuss social network interactions.• Use different ways of agreeing and

disagreeing.• Discuss the influence of advertising.• Talk about stereotypes and stereotyping.

p. 14p. 15

p. 17p. 19

Grammar notions• Simple Present vs. Simple Past• Passive Voice• Prefixes and Suffixes

p. 14p. 17p. 19

Vocabulary

• Social networks• Advertising• Adjectives• Stereotypes

p. 15p. 16p. 18p. 19

Text analysis


Values • Appreciation of relationships• Acceptance• Tolerance

Learning context • Integrating topic “Society”

Diagnostic Test

discuss social networking interactions?use different ways of agreeing and disagreeing?identify and use the Passive Voice?discuss the influence of advertising?identify and use words with suffixes and prefixes?talk about stereotyping?use adjectives to describe people?

Can you... Yes

SIMPLE PRESENT

No

SIMPLE PASTChoose SIMPLE PRESENT or SIMPLE PAST for the sentences.

1. I can’t imagine my life without the Internet.2. Many years ago, long distance communication wasn’t easy.3. She spends too much time online.4. Pete saw your ad on a web site.5. Nowadays, people communicate faster.6. Many people don’t like TV commercials.7. He wasn't there on time.8. Did Mike answer the quiz?9. Some ads are funny.10. He used to think that Hans was boring.11. There are too many action movies in the theaters.12. Rose attended three social events in one night.13. His attitude is too arrogant.14. My friend didn’t send his resumé to Mr. Newman.15. Are all Germans punctual?

What nationality are these people? What are they doing?

Explain your opinion. Complete the sentences.

1. I think Josh is

because

.

2. I think Sati is

because

.

3. I think Karl is

because

.


Lesson 1 What’s your favorite social network site?

Time to start What social network do you use?

Grammar peek Simple Present vs. Simple Past

Listen on T1 Brings Us Together or Sets Us Apart?

discuss social network interactions and use different ways of agreeing and disagreeing.Get ready to…

Correct the sentences.

• I post a new photo two days ago.• Hank hasn't sent me messages every day.• Who clicked 'Like' on your posts as soon as you publish them?

Interview your classmates and complete the table.

NAME SOCIAL NETWORK HOW OFTEN…?

Before you listen to Mr. Nigel and Leonora, answer the questions. Then answer them again after you listen to the dialog.

1. What is a social networking site?

2. When did the first social network site appear?

3. When did Myspace© appear?

4. Why are social networking sites popular?

5. Did social networking sites make communicating easier and faster?

Listen to the track again and choose I AGREE or I DISAGREE for each of the statements. Discuss them.

1. Social networking sites made my life easier.2. Some people shouldn’t use any social network sites.3. Social networking sites set people apart.4. Social networking sites help people communicate faster.5. People spend too much time online.6. Social networking sites affect us in a positive way.

Listen to the dialog again and complete the timeline here.

I AGREE I DISAGREE

In 1997

In 2003

In 2002

In 2004 In 2006


Project@HandSuggest that some of your social networking friends stop sharing, messaging and posting to each other online for three days. Instead, propose personal interaction activities such as: visiting each other, showing photos, helping with homework and taking care of each other’s needs. Write about the project “Personal Interaction” on the Project Report section pp. 76, 77.

Check it out!How do you agree or disagree?

Agreeing DisagreeingI couldn’t agree more. I’m not sure you’re right.I totally/entirely/completely agree with that. That’s not how I see it.That’s exactly what I think. I’m afraid I don’t agree.So/Neither do I. You could be right, but maybe…Absolutely! I see what you mean, but…Definitely! That’s true, but on the other hand…

How did Mr. Nigel express his disagreement with Leonora’s mother?

Word for wordListen to Track 1 again and write here the words and phrases that match these definitions.

1. Emerging quickly when activated.

2. Come to an end.

3. To start off or set in motion.

In teams, complete the table and discuss the statements. Each team has to work on a project; a debate where they use different ways of agreeing and disagreeing, facts and their findings from the research about social networking.

http://www.sooperarticles.com/internet-articles/social-networking-articles/

In social networking sites... Always Sometimes NeverI help others.I collaborate.I express myself.I have fun.I converse.I advertise.

Team up

The Simple Present expresses a habitual action in the present. It is also used for actions that take place one after another and for actions that are set by a timetable or schedule. The simple present also expresses facts in the present.Example: I normally don’t send messages during classes.The Simple Past expresses the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past.Example: I didn’t send any messages during classes yesterday.Listen to Track 1 and write 5 verbs used in the Simple Past.

Analyze and discuss these questions in pairs or groups.• Which of the social networking sites mentioned in the

lesson do you know or use?• How often do you visit or use them?• Do you think the social networking sites make your

relationships better or worse?• How will social networking sites develop in the future?• Will social networking sites improve our everyday life?• How do social networking sites influence our existence and

change our vision of the world and people?

SPEAK UPSPEAK UP

Attitude & ValuesRemember that we are defined by our relationships. Appreciate people who want to become your friends or acquaintances. Do not dismiss people whose opinion or vision differ from yours. “Relationship is an art. The dream that two people create is more difficult to master than one.” Don Miguel Ruiz


Lesson 2 Is our society influenced by advertising?

discuss the influence of advertising on individuals and modern society.Get ready to…

Time to start What brands come to your mind when you see these images?

Read on Opinions on AdvertisingWhat do you think about advertising on TV and magazines?Do you imagine modern society without any influence of advertisements?

Skim the text to find out what Angela, Michael, and Toby are talking about. Now read what they say. Choose the correct names for the questions below. Do you agree with Angela, Michael or Toby?

Angela Michael Toby1. Who enjoys advertisements? Angela Michael Toby2. Who thinks that commercials are useful?3. Who is sometimes bothered by advertisements?4. Who thinks that there are too many ads on TV?5. Who likes to watch the ads?6. Who doesn’t like the movies interrupted by commercials?7. Who likes internet games?8. Who thinks that some commercials can become TV art?9. Who doesn’t like junk mail?10. Who thinks ads are funny?

Advertising is an important part of marketing. You can't escape it. Sometimes it bothers me a lot. But, I also sometimes enjoy it. Some commercials are created so professionally that they become TV art. Unfortunately, it is a rare occurrence. Some years ago, I couldn't imagine the interruption of an interesting movie by advertising. Now it is a reality in our society.

In my opinion, advertisements are part of our society. We can't do without them. Sometimes commercials are very useful; they can inform you about a new product which you wouldn't know about otherwise. However, I think that we are bombarded with too many ads, especially on TV. When you want to watch a movie, you are interrupted every five minutes. And what about junk mail?I personally don't pay attention to it. It goes directly into the trash can, so what a waste of paper!

Nowadays, we can see so many advertisements. Some people say it is just a waste. However, I don't agree. At times, I think there are too many on TV, but sometimes I like to watch just the commercials. I like to watch them when I am bored. Another reason why I like ads is because I like Internet games. Some Internet games are free because of the advertisements. So, for me, ads can be useful.

Angela

Michael

Toby


Project@HandMake a shopping list. Visit a local supermarket with your team. Find the brands of the products that aren't familiar to you and your teammates. Cross from your shopping list the products that you buy without being influenced by commercials or advertisement. Notice how easy or difficult it is for your team to find “unknown” brands and to buy them.Write about the project “The Influence of Advertising” on the Project Report section pp. 76, 77.

Team upEngage your team in a debate about the influence of advertisements and TV commercials. Make sure your team uses polite expressions from the CHECK IT OUT section. Interview your classmates to find out who has similar opinions about advertisements and their influence on our society.

Listen on T2 Influenced by Commercials?Are you influenced by commercials?How is modern society affected by advertising?

Listen to Margaret and complete the sentences here. Discuss them in pairs.

1. Everybody is .2. We begin .3. Is the advertised ?4. When Margaret goes to the store, .5. She’s especially .6. When Margaret hears about a new product, .7. She tries .8. In the past, she was .9. Margaret was easily .10. Nowadays, she tries to buy the products .

Grammar peek Passive Voice (Present) vs. Passive Voice (Past)Which of these sentences is written in Passive Voice Present and which in Passive Voice Past?• This TV ad was viewed by more than two million people.• TV commercials that star celebrities are mostly viewed by women.

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. The person or object performing the action is either not known or not important.

Subject + to be + Past Participle

Tense Subject Verb ObjectSimple Present Advertisements are viewed by children.Simple Past Advertisements were viewed by children.

Check it out!How do you express your opinion?

Polite Formal WritingIn my view… I think that…In my opinion… I would argue that…If you ask me… It seems to me that…From my point of view… I do not believe that…As far as I’m concerned… It is sometimes argued that…To be honest… Here I’m referring to…

How do Angela, Michael and Toby express their opinion? Are they polite?

Attitude & ValuesRemember that accepting others point of view allows you to analyze and to find better solutions to your problems.If you want to win an argument, always express your opinion in a polite way.“It is clear that the individual who persecutes a man, his brother, because he is not of the same opinion, is a monster.” Voltaire


Lesson 3 Do you stereotype people?

talk about stereotyping and use adjectives to describe people and countries.Get ready to…

Time to start What countries are they from? Explain your assumptions.

What springs to your mind when you hear the word 'stereotype'?Mark whether you agree or disagree with the statements. Justify your answers.

I agree I disagree1. Many countries are stereotyped.2. Stereotypes are offensive.3. I stereotype people.4. Stereotyping helped me in some way.5. Stereotyping can hurt my job opportunities.6. It is a good idea to stereotype people or countries.

SPEAK UPSPEAK UP

Writing practiceComplete the phrases and read them out loud.

All Americans .All Germans .All Mexicans .All French .All Russians .All Australians .All Japanese .All British .

Attitude & ValuesChoose the quote you like the most. What value are they talking about? Explain your choice.

“Tolerance is the positive and cordial effort to understand another's beliefs, practices, and habits.” Joshua Liebman“In the practice of tolerance, one's enemy is the best teacher.” Dalai Lama

“It is thus tolerance that is the source of peace, and intolerance that is the source of disorder and squabbling.” Pierre Bayle

Word for word AdjectivesRead the list of adjectives. Choose two adjectives that you think describe the nationalities listed above.

lazy punctual talkative ignoranthospitable romantic serious tolerantsociable hard-working formal respectfulquiet outgoing polite emotionalaggressive well-dressed arrogant open-mindedrude sophisticated casual humorous

Find in the dictionary two other adjectives that can be used to describe your nationality. In your notebook, complete the table with the adjectives.

POSITIVE NEGATIVE


Listen on T3 A Rude Martian?

Project@HandPrepare the project “Stop Stereotyping!” with your team. Write some steps your team has to follow and report the results.1. Analyze how people base their comments about you on assumptions they have about the group of people that you are part of.2. Ask yourself how true your assumptions were when you finally got to know the individual whom you stereotyped. 3. Determine what causes you to apply the stereotyping criterion that you use.4. Adopt critical thinking and application of actual facts instead of stereotyping people. Write about the project "Stop Stereotyping!" on the Project Report section on pp. 76, 77.Read and discuss the article on www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/problem/stereoty.htm

Do movies show different nationalities as stereotypes?Are there any good stereotypes?Listen to Jeffrey. Do you agree with what he says?

Listen again. Then look at the images and remember what Jeffrey said.

Grammar peek Prefixes & SuffixesWhich of these words have suffixes and which have prefixes?• important • accusation• creation• influence

An English word can consist of three parts: the root, a prefix, and a suffix. The root is the part of the word that contains the basic meaning, or definition of the word. The prefix is a word element placed in front of the root, which changes the word's meaning or makes a new word. A suffix is a word element placed after the root, which changes the word's meaning as well as its function.

Common Prefixes Common SuffixesPrefix Example Suffix Example

pre- preview -er painterdis- dismiss -able reasonableun- unavailable -ous tremendousmis- misunderstand -ness darknessre- return -ful faithfulim- impossible -ly or –y sadlybi- bilingual -ment contentmentde- degradation -tion solution

Listen to Track 3 and say what words have suffixes or prefixes. Write sentences of your own using those words.

PairworkAsk your partner these questions.

• Are stereotypes usually fair?

• Where do stereotypes come from?

• What stereotypes do Hollywood, Bollywood and Hong Kong movie industries create?

• What is the stereotype of someone from your country? Is it fair?

• Do you think information technology has reduced or increased racial stereotyping?

• What are the stereotypes of men and women?

• Should stereotyping be made illegal?


Reading Follow-UpRead the statements and write the numbers of the advertising techniques in the provided spaces. What advertising techniques affect you?

Read the article and answer the questions below. Discuss it in pairs or groups.

Nowadays, advertising is everywhere. It is online, on television, on billboards, in newspapers, in magazines, in grocery stores, on buses and even in cell phones. Some forms of advertising can be subliminal. For example, a strategically placed box of cereal or a can of soda in a movie or TV show. As consumers, we are influenced and manipulated. We should be aware of the various appeals and techniques used to influence consumer behavior. Some of the techniques used in advertising are unethical. For example, the "get rich quick" technique that offers consumers unrealistic deals and promises short term profits that require no effort.

1. Where can we find advertising?

2. What is an example of subliminal advertising?

3. What should consumers be aware of?

4. What is the example of unethical technique?

We promise your new battery will last a lifetime, or your money back.

Four out of every five veterinarians recommend this dog food.

Leading physicians have formulated a pill that allows you to eat anything you want without gaining weight.

Madonna uses this type of bag, shouldn’t you?

Work at home, part-time, and earn up to $5,000 per week.

Use our deodorant and you’ll never be alone!

1. Physical attraction appeal 4. Guarantees

2. Statistical claims 5. Get rich quick

3. Hero endorsement 6. Scientific claims

Now discuss which techniques tend to be the most effective for teenagers.

Project@HandCollect examples of ads that you like and dislike. Pay attention to TV and web ads. Pay particular attention to facts and unsupported claims in them. Discuss what you like and dislike about the ads you’ve collected or watched.Look for and bring to class printed ads that you think are fraudulent or misleading. Discuss what misleading techniques are used in each of them.In groups, research a product or service. Prepare a “commercial” for that product or service, using some of the discussed appeals or techniques.

Look at the list of five main types of advertising techniques online. Find out about each of them and explain to your classmates what advantages or disadvantages they have.

1. Link Advertising2. Content Advertising3. Incentivized Advertising4. Viral Advertising5. Obtrusive Advertising

SPEAK UPSPEAK UP


Writing Follow-Up

Read onRead the sample essay and put the paragraphs into the corresponding order.

Ads Everywhere!

People have become addicted to ads. It seems obvious that people can’t make decisions for themselves anymore. Someone has to tell them which brand of clothes to wear, which car to drive or which brand of food to eat.

On the other hand, advertising gains profits that go towards many TV programs that we watch. We enjoy watching good movies and ads are a useful tool to attract new investors.

To sum up, there are many reasons for trying to defend ourselves against advertising by becoming less materialistic. There is no doubt that it is a hard thing to do. We live in a consumerist society.

It is worrying that people are constantly bombarded by ads. They are everywhere. It is obvious that children are the real victims. They’re easily influenced by advertising.

1. Include the statement declared in the task or title.2. Offer ideas supporting one side of the statement.3. Provide points that support the other side of the statement.4. Conclude by giving your own opinion and summing up.

Time to startComplete the table with the correct words and phrases.

Agreeing Disagreeing Giving opinions

As I see it… There are many reasons for… It is quite true that… I don’t think that… I totally agree with… On one hand… If it were up to me… I can’t argue with…It seems obvious, but… To sum up… …is in complete contradiction with… For instance… There is no doubt that… but It is true that... I don’t doubt that… I can't agree with...

Writing practiceWrite an essay “Ads Everywhere!”. The word limit is 70-90 words. Make sure you include as many grammatical structures as you can, and a variety of vocabulary. Make sure that what you write about, is relevant to the task. When you’re finished, read your essay carefully and check your grammar, punctuation and spelling.


Workbook

2. Answer the questions and discuss your and your classmates’ answers in pairs or groups.

1. How many friends do you have in social networks?

2. How many social networking sites do you use?

3. How often do you update your profile on these networks?

4. What do you do when you forget to wish your friend a happy birthday?

5. Who do you message when you’re back from a vacation?

6. What do you do after a hard day’s work?

7. What’s your primary source of news?

8. Do you have more Internet than real friends?

9. What would happen if your social networking equipment was taken away from you?

TRUE FALSE

1. Listen to Track 1 and choose TRUE or FALSE for the statements here.

1. Leonora was interested in the history of social networks.2. Facebook© and Twitter© have always been around.3. Sixdegrees© appeared in 1998.4. Sixdegrees© still exists.5. Other social networking sites began popping up.6. Friendster© was born in 2002.7. Facebook© appeared 3 years later.8. Twitter© was born in 2004.9. Mr. Nigel’s family lives in another country.10. Social networks don’t help people to connect with each other.11. Leonora’s mother thinks that people spend too much time online.12. Mr. Nigel doesn’t agree with Leonora’s mom.13. Mr. Nigel thinks that social networking replaces personal interaction.

3. What phrases do you use to agree or disagree with someone’s opinion?

Complete the table.

Agreeing Disagreeing


Workbook

4. Read what Angela, Michael, and Toby say about advertising in Lesson 2. Complete the sentences here.

1. Toby likes to watch ads when

2. Michael likes commercials that

3. Angela thinks that there are too

4. Sometimes, Michael is bothered

5. Angela doesn’t pay

6. Toby doesn’t agree that

7. Angela thinks we can’t

8. Michael couldn’t imagine

9. When Angela wants to watch a movie,

10. Michael thinks that advertisements are

5. How would you advertise these products? How would you convince the consumers to purchase them?

Choose three products and create you ads. Explain what techniques you used and why.


Workbook

6. Form correct Passive Voice sentences (Present or Past) using the verbs in parenthesis to fill in the blanks.

1. Patricia (tell) to go back home. She refused to leave and waited untill everybody else left the building.2. The old mall (reopen) yesterday. I (ask) to attend.3. Peter and Sam (offer) a new job last month. They turned down the offer. 4. Pigs (use) to find truffles. Truffles can (find) at the foot of oak and hazelnut trees.5. Fred (ask) about the robbery by the police this morning. I saw him entering the police station at 9 a.m.6. Why all the trees (cut) down last week?7. The song “Yesterday” (write) by McCartney and Lennon. It (write) in 1965.8. Soy (grow) in Argentina. It (consider) a top quality soy around the world.9. My luggage (send) by the airline to France by mistake. It took them two weeks to resolve it.10. Penguins (not find) at the North Pole. They (find) at the South Pole.

8. Write antonyms for these words. You can use some of the adjectives from the WORD FOR WORD section in Lesson 3. Then, write sentences of your own using them.

7. Listen to Track 2 and answer the questions.

1. Who is influenced by commercials?

2. What can we watch many times on every channel?

3. What questions do we ask ourselves after watching a commercial?

4. Is Margaret influenced by commercials?

5. What is she looking for when she goes to the store?

6. What kind of commercials influence her more?

7. What products does she try to find in the store?

8. Was she more influenced by commercials in the past?

9. What products does she try to buy nowadays?

1. unfriendly - 2. determined - 3. reserved - 4. modest - 5. calm - 6. gloomy -

7. unrefined - 8. hard-working - 9. rude - 10. careless - 11. close-minded - 12. lazy -

13. pragmatic - 14. silent - 15. educated - 16. polite - 17. badly dressed - 18. outgoing -


Workbook

10. What nationalities do you associate these things with? Why?

Write about it.

11. Write the right suffixes or prefixes into the spaces.

1. You need to format the text before inserting it. Now, it is possible to read it.2. It is prefer that you buy a laser print for the office.3. Let’s turn our office into paper environ . It is an expens task, but in the long run it can produce

sav s.4. Memory flash drives are expesive and usable. 5. This device has become creasingly popular. It offers sophisticat applica s and access price.6. He has created active graphics and a processor system.

12. Find in the dictionary the words that have the following prefixes. Write in your notebook some sentences using them.

maxi mono dec inter sub megade auto micro semi auto multi

TRUE FALSE

9. Listen to Track 3 and choose TRUE or FALSE for the statements here.

1. Jeffrey is imagining what would happen if he came in a spaceship.2. If he were extremely rude, people would assume all other Martians were rude too.3. People wouldn’t make quick judgment.4. People would have misunderstood Jeffrey.5. Many people think that all Australians live in the city.6. Many people think that all Australians catch crocodiles.7. Most of the time we stereotype people intentionally.


Total Assessment

SELF-ASSESSMENT

Aspects of Competence ADEQUATE(9 – 10)

SUFFICIENT(6 – 8)

INADEQUATE(0 – 5) REVIEW

Expresses ideas and concepts by means of language, math or graphics.

Lesson 2 Team upLesson 3 Time to startLesson 1 Check it out!Lesson 2 Speak up

Uses technology to solve problems.

Lesson 1 Team upLesson 3 Project@hand

Accepts that respect for differences is a principle of integration and coexistence in local, national and international contexts.

Lesson 1 Listen onLesson 1 Speak upLesson 2 Read onLesson 3 Speak up

Uses information and communication technology to find information and express ideas.

Lesson 1 Team upLesson 3 Project@hand

Total

Performance Assessment

Performance Indicators Yes No

Uses different forms of agreeing and disagreeing.

Uses the Simple Present and Simple Past correctly.

Talks about advertising.

Uses the Passive Voice correctly.

Expresses his/her opinion politely.

Talks about stereotypes.

Describes people and countries using adjectives.

Identifies words with prefixes and suffixes.

Total


PEER EVALUATION Individual Work

Aspects of Competence PEER 1 PEER 2 PEER 3

1. Uses information and communication technology to find information to express his/her ideas and opinions.

2. Has responsibility, discipline and initiative to learn.

3. Accepts responsibility for his/her own education.

Team Work Aspects of Competence PEER 1 PEER 2 PEER 3

1. Expresses ideas and points of view as well as listens to his/her peers in a cooperative way.

2. Respects points of view and opinions of his/her teammates.

3. Acknowledges his/her teammates' skills when assigning tasks.

4. Assumes responsibility for the final result of teamwork.

DEVELOPED PROJECTS Self-Assessment

Lesson ProjectDelivered on time

YES (1) NO (0)

Information is clear and adequate

YES (1) NO (0)

Good use of ICT

YES (1) NO (0)

1 “Personal Interaction”Project Report sheet

2 “The Influence of Advertising”Project Report sheet

3 “Stop Stereotyping!”Project Report sheet

Total

Project “Economy”


Subsidiary concept • Economy

Language functions

• Discuss pros and cons of using a credit card.

• Express your opinion about charities.• Describe different money saving

strategies.• Talk about budgets.

p. 30, 31

p. 32, 33p. 34p. 35

Grammar notions

• Modals of necessity, obligation and advice

• Second Conditional• Future Simple and Future Perfect Simple

p. 30

p. 33p. 34

Vocabulary

• Modals• Credit cards• Charities• Budgets

p. 30p. 31p. 32p. 35

Text analysis


Values • Self-control• Generosity• Discipline

Learning context • Integrating topic “Business”

Diagnostic Test

identify and use modals of necessity, advice and obligation?use the Second Conditional?talk about charities?use the Future Simple?give advice about saving money effectively?use the Future Perfect Simple?describe different types of budgets?

Can you... Yes No

Fill in the gaps with the correct words. Some words may be used more than once.

1. The number of people being declared increased 50%.2. At the moment there is a net of five million dollars.3. What is the maximum amount of that I can carry around?4. spending habits are influenced by advertising.5. I was offered a with low interest rates.6. The annual for services is over ten million pounds.7. When will you get rid of all this unnecessary ?8. Mark attended the fundraiser last summer.

Circle the correct modals to fill in the blanks.

1. She is on a diet. She eat that cake. A. must B. shouldn’t C. don’t have to2. The speed limit is 60 km/h. You slow down. A. may B. mustn’t C. must3. The exam will be very hard tomorrow. I study. A. have to B. don’t have to C. shouldn’t4. He doesn’t worry about these payments. A. must B. should C. have to5. You change your password. It’s too easy to guess. A. need to B. mustn’t C. don’t have to6. Kelly renew her subscription. It expires today. A. has to B. shouldn’t C. needn’t7. Where did you park my car? I find it. A. can B. can’t C. mustn’t8. She get out of the building. The fire is spreading. A. should B. shouldn’t C. must9. All workers wear helmets. A. must B. don’t have to C. should10. If you want to vote, you come in person. A. can’t B. must C. may

cash credit card bankrupt budgetcharity consumer stuff

Check your personal monthly budget against this checklist.

10 - 15% of my net income for food (groceries, dining out)2 - 10% for personal expenses (clothing, dry cleaning, haircuts, entertainment)25 - 30% for housing5 - 15% for debts, including car payments and credit cards2 - 10% on utilities2 - 5% for transportation (maintenance on my car and the cost of gas or bus/subway fare)2 - 5% for health, life, auto, and renter’s/home owner’s insurance payments5 - 10% for a savings account.


Lesson 1 Should you use a credit card?

Time to start What statement is true for you?

Grammar peek Modals of necessity, obligation and advice

discuss the pros and cons of having a credit card and use modals of necessity, obligation and advice.Get ready to…

What do these sentences express?• You must pay for this dress in cash.• You need to pay for this dress in cash.• You should pay for this dress in cash.• You had better pay for this dress in cash.

Use ‘should’ to give advice. Use ‘must’ or ‘have to’ to express obligation. Use ‘need to’ to express necessity. Use ‘had better’ to give advice indicating negative consequences if an action does or doesn’t take place.

Fill in the blanks with the correct modal verbs.

1. I pay with cash or buy it on credit? 2. Tim pay off his bills. Otherwise, he will lose his car.3. I’m not sure what you should do, but you be honest

with her.4. You don’t pay for the ticket. It’s free.

I need to have a credit card. I can’t have a credit card yet. I’d better cancel my credit card.

I must have a credit card. I don’t have to get a credit card. I mustn’t have two credit cards.

I should have a credit card. I shouldn’t buy things with my credit card. I don’t need to have a credit card.

1. Cash is used more than credit cards.2. Spending on credit cards has decreased since 2005.3. 50% of consumer spending is charged on cards.4. Credit and debit card transactions increased in 2012.5. Consumers enjoy the accessibility credit cards bring.6. Professional service providers don’t accept credit cards.7. People get more into debt when they rely on credit cards.8. Soon, people won’t carry any cards to make payments.

TRUE FALSE

Attitude & Values

Are you an impulsive person? Do you often purchase things you don’t need?If you can’t control your emotions, behavior and desires to obtain something, or to avoid some punishment, you’re an impulsive person and you should acquire some self-control. Choose the quote you like the most and explain your choice.“First we make our habits, then our habits make us.” Charles C. Noble“He who conquers himself is the mightiest warrior.” Confucius“He who cannot obey himself will be commanded. That is the nature of living creatures.” Friedrich Nietzsche

Read on Credit vs. CashDo your parents often pay with a credit card? Do they prefer credit cards to cash?

First scan the article to find all words related to money. Read the article and complete the sentences with the words below.

Then choose TRUE or FALSE for the statements.

Statistics show that credit are many people’s favorite way to pay for and goods. In 2005, spending on cards overtook . About a third of consumer spending is charged on cards. “ ” transactions increased to a record in 2012. enjoy the convenience credit cards bring. More professional service providers take credit cards. The increasing reliance on credit cards is responsible for the rising mountain of . In 2011 in Mexico, almost 20,000 people were declared .In the future, people will carry a single card which will combine all financial .

cash creditdebt bankrupt

transactions cardsPlastic Consumers

services


Listen on T4 A New Credit Card!

Project@HandIn teams, conduct research on two credit cards offered by different banks. Compare their fees, interest rates, benefits, theft protection service and credit monitoring.Choose the card you would use and explain your choice.Write about the project “Credit Cards” on the Project Report section on sheet pp. 76, 77.

Do you think having a credit card is essential in our lives?

Listen to the dialog and choose correct answers for the questions here. Role play the dialog and discuss it.

1. What didn’t Laura purchase with her credit card?• a TV• a food processor• a computer

2. Why is Carl mad?• He doesn’t have any debts.• They can’t pay the rent.• They want to buy a new house.

3. According to Laura, what is the reason for having this new credit card?• The interest rates are high.• There are no interest rates.• The interest rates are low.

4. How is Laura planning to pay it back?• She will find a new job.• She’s expecting a raise.• She relies on the credit limit.

5. What does Carl advice her to do?• to buy more things• to cancel the card• to plan a budget to pay the debts

Word for wordFind the definitions for the new words and phrases in the dictionary and write them here. Then write sentences of your own using them.

• interest rate • stuff • debt • sky-high • credit limit • budget

Each team has to complete the table writing four questions about credit cards. After interviewing four students, the teams have to write their answers. The fastest team wins.

QUESTIONS STUDENT 1 STUDENT 2 STUDENT 3 STUDENT 4

Team up

Discuss the questions:• Are credit cards more convenient than cash?• Do people in Mexico depend on credit?• What’s the difference between a debit and a credit card?• What should a government and its citizens do to reduce

credit card debts?

SPEAK UPSPEAK UP


Lesson 2 What would you donate?

use the Second Conditional and express your opinion about charity.Get ready to…

Time to start

Read on CharitiesRead the articles and match them with the headlines.

Discuss each article in pairs or groups.

What are these charity organizations about?Which charity would you donate your money to?How do charity organizations affect the economy of your country?

Attitude & Values

“Pay it Forward” is the movie about a child who teaches us about the importance of acts of random kindness. What if we actually put this theory to work on a regular basis?Read the quotes and say what they are about.“We make a living by what we get, but we make a life by what we give.” Winston Churchill“He who cannot give anything away cannot feel anything either.” Friedrich Nietzsche“The poor don’t know that their function in life is to exercise our generosity.” Jean-Paul Sartre

I can see!

Facebook© Chief Executive Mark Zuckerberg is donating nearly $500 million in stock to a Silicon Valley charitable foundation.

The 28-year-old Zuckerberg said he and his wife, Priscilla, earmarked the gift of 18 million Facebook© shares for health and educational issues.

Zuckerberg made the announcement about the donation to the foundation on his Facebook© Timeline.

Fergie hosted the star-studded Voli Light Vodka cocktail party Thursday night to benefit the “Cell Phones For Soldiers” foundation at the Mondrian in Los Angeles. The vodka brand donated 500,000 mobile phone minutes to the charity, and Fergie, who co-owns Voli Light Vodka, presented the organization with a check at the party.

The "Celebrity Apprentice"© host and real estate mogul Donald Trump promised he had information that would have a dramatic effect on the race for the White House between President Obama and Mitt Romney, but the short two-minute video released on YouTube turned out to be a bizarre offer from Trump to donate $5 million to Obama's favorite charity if the president released his college records and passport information.

Lance Armstrong, embroiled in new controversy surrounding his alleged doping while winning seven consecutive Tour de France titles, announced Wednesday that he is stepping down as chairman of his cancer-fighting charity so it can focus on its mission instead of its founder's problems. "This organization, its mission and its supporters are incredibly dear to my heart," Armstrong said in a statement. "Today therefore, to spare the foundation any negative effects as a result of controversy surrounding my cycling career, I will conclude my chairmanship.”

1. Rocking some minutes 3. Politics for charity2. Living strong in disgrace 4. Giving what’s in stock


TRUE FALSE

Listen on T5 Would He?

Do you think that only rich people should donate to charity?Listen to Antonio. How many times do you hear ‘would’? Do you think he would do everything he promises to do, if he were a millionaire?

Listen again and choose TRUE or FALSE for the statements here.

1. First, Antonio would buy a new house for his mother.2. He’d provide food and clothes for the poor.3. He would help rich children.4. He’d open free schools and hospitals.5. Antonio would help children who have nowhere to live.6. He’d give his money to social service organizations.7. Antonio would help his mother to find a new job.8. He’d help the elderly and the orphans.9. He’d make his mother’s life very comfortable.10. Antonio thinks he would always remain generous and sympathetic.

Grammar peek Second ConditionalWhich of these sentences express real or hypothetical situations? a. If I see him, I’ll offer him my help. b. If I saw him, I’d offer him my help.

Use the Second Conditional to talk about hypothetical or imaginary situations.Use the Simple Past in the “if” clause and would/might/could in the main clause.Note that this "simple past" form is slightly different from usual in the case of the verb ‘be’. Whatever the subject, the verb form is "were", not "was": If I were rich, I'd give all my money to charity.After you listen to Track 5, say how many second conditional sentences you hear.

Answer the quiz. Compare and discuss the answers with your classmates.

1. If I worked for charity, I would… 4. If I heard about a flood in a city where my grandparents lived, I would… a. help the poor. a. feel bad for them. b. become popular among my friends. b. make a donation to the Red Cross.2. If I were a millionaire, I would… 5. If volunteering were obligatory at my school, I would… a. donate most of my money to charity. a. enjoy volunteering. b. not donate anything to charity. b. try to avoid it at all cost.3. If I were Mother Teresa, I would… 6. If I had to run a charity, it would be… a. become a president. a. more like a local kitchen or shelter. b. ask rich people to donate more. b. a large organization which contributes to all humanity.

SPEAK UPSPEAK UP

Writing practiceRead the statements and write your ideas on how to motivate people to give to charity.

• In times of financial crisis, businesses, families and individuals tighten their budgets and it seems there are fewer resources to help the poor with.

• A lot of charity programs reported a decrease in donations since last year, yet there are more families in need than before.

• It is possible to cut out a few unnecessary items and give more to the less fortunate.

• Giving can take a variety of forms and it is not always about giving money.

Project@HandVisit http://freerice.com/#/english-vocabulary/1988 and donate 10 grains of rice for each question that you answer correctly.Organize a trip to an orphanage or an asylum. Organize your classmates to ask for or to bring the necessary things to donate to the less fortunate.Write about the project “My Charity” on the Project Report section on pp. 76, 77.


Lesson 3 Do you know how to save money?

discuss your saving strategies and learn about budgets using the Future Simple and the Future Perfect Simple.Get ready to…

Time to start How do you save your money?

Listen on T6 Good Advice!Have you ever planned a budget for you or your family?Are you a good saver?

Listen to Ross and Anne and complete the table. Then listen again and complete Ross’s advice.

Future Simple Future Perfect Simple

1. You will have to .2. You will need to .3. You will use the budget sheet to .4. You will have to keep .5. You will have to categorize your .6. You’ll be able .

Complete the table.

My expenses My income My savings By 2020, I will have saved…

Grammar peek Future Simple vs. Future Perfect SimpleWhat sentence expresses a completed action before sometime in the future?What sentence expresses a voluntary action?

a. I won’t waste my money in the future.b. I won’t have saved a lot of money before I’m 30.

Use the Future Simple to express a promise or a voluntary action.Use the Future Perfect Simple to express the idea that something will occur before another action or specific time in the future. (will have + past participle)Examples: Mark will sell his car to pay for his tuition.Mark will have paid his tuition before the semester ends.

Attitude & ValuesIs it important to be disciplined to be able to save money? Do you think it is possible to become rich if you don’t control your spending habits?Read and explain these proverbs:“There is no luck except where there is discipline.”“It’s not the work that’s hard, it’s the discipline.”“While the blanket is short, learn to curl for you to fit in it.”

Word for wordFirst, try to explain the new words on your own. Then find the definitions in the dictionary.

• budget • fund • income • expense • revenue



Category Budget Amount Actual Amount DifferenceIncomeWages/Other incomeSubtotal:Rent/Food/Clothing/OtherSubtotal:NET Income

Read on BudgetsRead and choose from the budget types to match their descriptions. What types of budgets are appropriate for the individuals, business, or government organizations?Revenue budgets Incremental budgets Capital expenditure budgets Incremental budgets

The funds within this type of budget are allocated to departments or organizational units. The managers of these units then allocate funds to activities as they see fit. It is developed from the previous budget. Each period's budget begins by using the last period as a reference point.

This type of budget is a forecast, because it is based on the projection of future sales. Company’s competitors, advertising budget, sales force effectiveness and other relevant factors must be taken into consideration. An estimate of sales volume must be made. Based on estimates of demand at various prices, an appropriate sales price must be selected.

This type of budgets programs investments in property, buildings and major equipments. These are typically substantial expenses both in terms of magnitude and duration. The magnitude and duration of these investments can justify the development of separate budgets for these expenses. It allows forecasting future capital requirements, to keep on top of important capital projects, and to ensure that adequate cash is available to meet these expenses.

This type of budget shows the primary activities undertaken by an individual/organization to achieve its goals and allocates a specific amount to each. Particular attention has to be given to fixed expenses.

Team upRead the saving money tips that Ross gave to Anne. Then in teams, write more tips of your own. The team that writes more and better tips will win. For example:

• Do not have more than one credit card and use it only for emergencies. • Never go shopping on an empty stomach.• Eat less in restaurants and more at home. • Hire more efficient and less expensive TV cable/satellite and cellular plans.


Interview your classmates to find out their ways of saving money. Find out who among your classmates is the best at saving and why.Explain to your classmates why it is important for an individual, a school, a city, or a country to have a well-balanced budget.

SPEAK UPSPEAK UP


Reading Follow-Up

Read about different types of charities and fill in the gaps with the correct types of charity that you find in the SPEAK UP section.

Then, complete the sentences below and decide in pairs or groups, what charity you would donate to.

focus on ways to save our planet. They support sustainable development of the environment and promote preservation. focus on protecting pets, wildlife and endangered species. They teach people to treat animals with respect. focus on supporting and treating the sick and disabled. They work on cures for diseases and promote public awareness of specific health risks. focus on preserving artistic and cultural heritage. They support the arts and promote culture in all forms. focus on helping students. They support educational institutions and promote more accessible and effective education. focus on disaster relief, humanitarian work, human rights and child protection . Their headquarters reside in one country but work in other.

1. If I donate to Animal Charities, I will help .2. If I donate to Health Charities, I will .3. If I donate to Education Charities, I will .4. If I donate to Environmental Charities, I will .5. If I donate to International Charities, I will .6. If I donate to Arts and Culture Charities, I will .

“The value of a man resides in what he gives and not in what he is capable of receiving.” Albert Einstein

Number from 1 to 6 the types of charities that are important to you; 1 being the most important, and 6 being the least important for you. Discuss it with your classmates. How would you define these types of charities?

• Arts & Culture Charities• Health Charities• Education Charities• Environmental Charities• International Charities• Animal Charities

SPEAK UPSPEAK UP

I would donate to…

WEB SEARCHVisit

www.mexicoamigo.organd learn about charity work that

this organization does.What type of charity does the

organization promote?Read about the history of the

organization.Create a draft for a website which

would help promote your charity organization.

PairworkRead the article and make questions about it for each other.

Come up with a title for the article.

Some celebrities, like movie stars and singers, are not just talented, but also generous. Giving to charity for some celebrities is a way to become more popular. For others, it’s a necessity. Lots of celebrities do charity work. Some say it has become fashionable to be concerned about the world and the environment. Whether the celebrities succeed in trying to help others or not, is a controversial subject. A charity, connected to a famous public figure, gets publicity. Many people become interested and want to contribute. Leonardo Di Caprio is a determined environmentalist. George Clooney supports disaster relief programs. Bono raised millions for “AIDS relief” foundations.


Writing Follow-Up

Read onRead the sample report “Donations for School Supplies” and answer the questions.

This report aims to suggest how to motivate students to donate money that can be invested in school supplies and how students and teachers can benefit from it. A group of students researched what supplies students and teachers would like to acquire and what use they would give to the new supplies. Most of the students and teachers who participated in the survey agreed that new school supplies would improve the teaching and learning process in class.Suggested supplies to buy:

• watercolor paints • construction paper • calculators • binder dividers • index cards

Most students felt that they would benefit from watercolor paints as they would be a great help in art classes, when carrying out expositions and artistic presentations. I strongly advise to use the donated money to purchase watercolor paints that would motivate students to develop an artistic approach to different subjects.

1. What is the purpose of the report? 2. How was the information obtained? 3. What did students and teachers agree on? 4. What did the writer recommend?

Time to startWrite the following sentences into the correct section of the report plan.

Title Introduction Suggestions Conclusion

This report aims to… I strongly advise… Donations for School Supplies The purpose of this report is to… It would be better to… Students thought that… Everyone agreed…

Types of reports• Information only reports (just contains data)• Research reports (investigates real life data)• Case Study Analysis reports (analyzes the case in terms of key theoretical principles)

Your assignment will be to write a research report ”Donations for a School Trip”.

Writing practiceWrite a report “Donations for a School Trip”. Suggest what trip students should take basing your assumptions on a survey. Explain how students would benefit from this trip. The word limit is 70-90 words. Make sure that what you write about is relevant to the task. When you’re finished, read your report carefully and check it against the checklist.

TitleThree partsIntroductionConclusionFormal languageFactsImpersonal opinionsRecommendationsWord limit

Check it out!Features of a well-written report:• Objectivity• Thorough research• Structure• Clear writing style

Tip 1: When using information from the Internet, make sure it comes from a reputable source. Look on the page and make sure you know who wrote the information and why they are providing it.Tip 2: When you've finished writing, print out a draft of your report. Read it over carefully, marking any corrections with a colored pen or marker so that you can see them easily later. Make corrections.


Workbook

4. Write the correct words and phrases from the WORD FOR WORD section for their definitions here.

1. the maximum amount of credit that a bank or other lender will extend to a customer

2. a rate which is charged or paid for the use of money

3. an itemized summary of estimated or intended expenditures for a given period

4. something owed, such as money, goods, or services

5. to a very high level

6. household or personal articles considered as a group; worthless objects.

3. Read the article “Credit vs. Cash” in Lesson 1 and answer the questions.

1. What are many people’s favorite way to pay for services and goods?

2. When did spending on credit cards overtake cash?

3. How much of consumer spending is charged on cards?

4. When did “plastic” transactions increase to a record?

5. Who enjoys the convenience credit cards bring?

6. How many people were declared bankrupt in Mexico in 2011?

TRUE FALSE

1. Circle the correct modal.

1. You should / shouldn’t do some exercise if you want to feel good. Walk for 30 minutes each day.2. You mustn’t / must arrive at school on time. Classes start at 7 o’clock tomorrow.3. If you study a little more today, you must / shouldn’t worry about the exam. 4. Elsa should / mustn’t take a few days off. She looks exhausted. 5. He must / shouldn’t smoke so much. It’s bad for him and his children’s’ health.6. You shouldn’t / have to turn down the volume if you don’t want your baby to wake up.7. Everyone doesn’t have to / should brush their teeth after every meal to avoid getting cavities.8. You mustn’t / must touch any electric appliances if you are in the bathtub.9. Children shouldn’t / should play in the street without their parents’ supervision.10. You have to / mustn’t swim in this lake. The water is polluted.

2. Listen to Track 4 and decide if the sentences are TRUE or FALSE.

1. Laura’s husband was surprised when he saw so much new stuff.2. Laura bought many new things a month ago.3. She bought a digital camera.4. They didn’t have enough to pay the rent.5. Laura bought new things with cash.6. Carl and Laura have unpaid debts.7. The new credit card has a high interest rate.8. Laura’s boss promised her a raise.9. The new credit card limit is $12,000.10. Carl thinks that credit cards lead to reasonable spending.11. Carl thinks that credit cards are for emergency expenses.12. Laura promises to pay back very soon.


Workbook

5. Write your opinion about credit cards for five minutes. Correct your classmate’s text.

6. Write Second Conditional sentences using the verbs in parenthesis.

1. If I (have) more money, I (buy) my parents a big house in the suburbs.2. If we (win) the lottery, we (travel) around the world on a private jet.3. If I (be) a millionaire, I (donate) part of my money to different charities.4. If anybody (need) help, I (try) to help them.5. I (quit) my job if my boss (not offer) me a raise.

8. What types of charities are these?

7. Read the news in READ ON section in Lesson 2 and answer the questions.

1. Who is donating $500 million to a Silicon Valley charitable foundation?

2. When did Fergie host the cocktail party?

3. Who promised he had information that would have an effect on a presidential race?

4. Who announced his decision about stepping down as chairman?

5. Where did Mark Zuckerberg make the announcement about the donation?

6. What did the vodka brand donate to charity?

7. How much did Donald Trump offer to donate?

8. Why did Lance Armstrong decide to conclude his chairmanship?

HAPPY HOME HEALTHY HEARTS Plant a Tree!Protect Me!


Workbook

9. Do the quiz. On the right write what you wouldn’t do if you were a millionaire. Compare and discuss your answers.

If I were a millionaire, I would… I wouldn’t…• buy many gifts for my parents and friends. • start a small scholarship fund. • buy a large house with a pool. • go on a trip around the world. • purchase a large yacht. • buy 100 computers for a school. • get in on a restaurant franchise business.

10. Answer and discuss these questions in pairs or groups.

• Do you think governments should do more to help charities?

• How often do you give money to charities?

• Do you think charities should only help people and not animals, buildings, etc?

• Is it immoral for people to spend lots of money on themselves when people are starving and dying?

• Do you worry about where the money you donate to charity goes?

• Should we all donate some of our salary to charity?

• Have you ever received charity from others?

• What do you think of people who stand outside stores or railway stations

holding charity donation boxes?

11. Listen to Track 5 and mark the images which represent Antonio’s intentions. Then complete the sentences.

1. Antonio would like .2. He would .3. Antonio would also .4. He’d open .5. He’d help .6. He’d do .7. He would donate .8. His mother would .9. Antonio would always .


Workbook

Anne Ross

13. Listen to Track 6 and choose the correct name for the statements.

1. He/She’s bad at saving money.2. He/She will give useful advice.3. He/She wants to have some savings in the future.4. He/She thinks about the future.5. He/She will have to create a budget.6. He/She doesn’t know how to create a budget.7. He/She will need to track all expenses.8. He/She will give him/her a budget sheet.9. He/She will use the budget sheet to track spending.10. He/She advises to keep all receipts.11. He/She will have gathered a pile of receipts by the end of the week.12. He/She advises to categorize all expenses into fixed and variables.13. He/She will have to be careful with variable expenses.14. He/She will give some tips about saving money.14. Interview two of your classmates and complete the budget sheets for them.

STUDENT 1


Income

Wages/Other income

Subtotal:

Expenses:


Subtotal:

NET Income

STUDENT 2


Income

Wages/Other income

Subtotal:

Expenses:


Subtotal:

NET Income

12. Read about different budgets in Lesson 3 and answer the questions.

1. What budget develops from the previous one?

2. What type of budget shows the primary activities undertaken by an individual?

3. What type of budget programs investments?

4. What type of budget is based on projecting future sales?

5. What type of budget uses the last period as a reference point?

6. What type of budget allows forecasting future capital requirements?

7. What type of budget focuses on fixed expenses?

8. What type of budget estimates an appropriate sales price?


Total Assessment

SELF-ASSESSMENT


SUFFICIENT(6 – 8)



Lesson 1 Team upLesson 3 Time to startLesson 2 Read onLesson 1 Speak up


Lesson 3 Read onWeb Search Reading Follow-Up


Lesson 1 Listen onLesson 3 Writing practiceLesson 2 Read onLesson 2 Listen onReading Follow-Up


Lesson 2 Project@handReading Follow-UpWeb search

Total



Uses modals of necessity, obligation and advice.

Discusses pros and cons of having credit cards.

Uses the Second Conditional.

Talks about charities.

Uses the Future Simple and the Future Perfect tenses.

Talks about saving strategies.

Identifies different types of budgets.

Creates a budget.

Total














YES (1) NO (0)


YES (1) NO (0)

Good use of ICT

YES (1) NO (0)

1 “Credit Cards”Project Report sheet

2 “My Charity”Project Report sheet

3 “Our Budget”Project Report sheet

Total

Project “Science”


Subsidiary concept • Scientific advancements

Language functions

• Talk about prehispanic astronomy.• Discuss the use of calendars.• Talk about medical advancements.• Talk about genetics.

p. 46p. 47p. 49p. 51

Grammar notions• Present Perfect vs. Simple Past• Would (past habits or routine)• Reported speech

p. 47p. 48p. 50

Vocabulary

• Astronomy• History• Medicine• Genetics

p. 46p. 47p. 49p. 50

Text analysis


Values • Watchfulness• Caring for others• Ethics

Learning context • Integrating topic “Astronomy and Medicine”

Diagnostic Test

talk about prehispanic astronomy?use the Simple Past and the Present Perfect?talk about medieval medicine?use 'would' to describe past habitual activities?describe medical advancements of the past?use reported speech?talk about genetics and bioethics?discuss pros and cons of genetic engineering?

Can you... Yes No

Match the sentences to the illustrations. Describe the images.

1. Archeologists have recently discovered ancient ruins in the Parthenon.2. Eclipses were considered bad omens in ancient traditions.3. Medieval surgeons would take care of skin conditions.4. The stethoscope was invented in 1816.5. The observation of the sky played an important role among prehispanic cultures of Mesoamerica.6. Almost everything about us is determined by our DNA.


Lesson 1 Have you ever observed the night sky?

Time to start

learn about prehispanic astronomy and discuss the use of calendars. Use the Simple Past and the Present Perfect.Get ready to…

What calendar did the Mayans use? What calendar did the Celts use?What calendar did the Egyptians use? What calendar has been used for the last hundred years?

Read on Astronomy in Prehispanic CulturesLook at the map which shows the main archaeological sites of prehispanic Mexico. Have you ever seen these sites? Mark the ones you have seen or would like to see.

Answer and discuss these questions in pairs or groups. Then, read the article and fill in the blanks with the correct words.

What role did calendars play in ancient cultures? What was the nature of interrelationship between astronomical concepts, society, and nature in prehispanic cultures? What observations did the Maya and the Aztecs use to create their myths, iconography, and attributes of gods?

Mesoamerica is a culturally defined geographical area corresponding to the central and southern parts of modern Mexico and the northern part of Central America. The observation of the natural environment allowed ancient societies to predict annual changes in their environments and to regulate their activities in time. Therefore, the need for astronomical increased notably with the origin of agriculture. The observation of the sky had an important role among the Maya, Aztecs, and other prehispanic cultures of Mesoamerica. Their familiarity with the regularities of the apparent motion of the Sun, the Moon, and bright planets has been attested in a large amount of data contained in codices and monumental hieroglyphic inscriptions, as well as in their sophisticated calendars. The study of architectural alignments has disclosed that civic and ceremonial buildings were largely oriented on astronomical grounds, mostly sunrises and sunsets on certain dates. Astronomy in Aztec and Maya society with religious ideas and practices. The most sophisticated astronomical knowledge was possessed by the priestly class, closely associated with the ruling . The Mesoamerican astronomer-priests achieved sophisticated knowledge about the periodicity of eclipses, which were considered bad omens in ancient traditions. The complex knowledge possessed by the priestly elite in prehispanic times was lost soon after the Conquest, mostly as a result of Christian imposed by the Spanish clergy. Among the planets observed in Mesoamerica, the most important one was Venus. Venus figured prominently in ideas and ritual practices linked to warfare and sacrifice, and was also believed to be an eclipse agent. The Mesoamerican world view was a manifestation of the attempts of the classes to their power by recreating and perpetuating the cosmic order in the earthly environment.

legitimate observationsindoctrination elite

intertwined astronomical governing


Grammar peek Present Perfect vs. Simple Past

Listen on T7 Questions

Project@HandThe project is about developing watchfulness and teamwork. It will require patience and will from you and your teammates.Visit http://school.discoveryeducation.com/schooladventures/skywatch/howto/observationtips.html to find out about sky watching tips and astronomical terms. After a week of observations, complete the sky watch form together with your team.Write about the project “Astronomy” on the Project Report section pp. 76, 77.

Which sentence is correct?

a. I didn’t see any archeological sites yet.b. I haven’t seen any archeological sites yet.

The Present Perfect is used when the time period has not finished or when the time is not specific.The Simple Past is used when the time period has finished and the time is clear.Read the article and say how many sentences are written in the Simple Past and how many in the Present Perfect.

Listen to the questions about the article “Astronomy in Prehispanic Cultures” and write your answers here.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Read the statements. Choose one you agree with and one you do not agree with. Compare and discuss your choices.• Calendar is the best timekeeping tool.• Calendar helps us organize our life in a better way.• I use calendar to schedule any event.• Calendars make our lives more stressful.• Calendars are not necessary.

SPEAK UPSPEAK UP

Attitude & Values“Watchfulness” means the ability to observe closely and alertly while aware of everything in one’s environment.Are you a watchful person?If prehispanic people hadn't been watchful, would they have achieved great advancements in astronomy?Read the quote and discuss it.“Every place is a goldmine. You have only to give yourself time, sit in a teahouse watching the passers-by, stand in a corner of the market, go for a haircut. You pick up a thread – a word, a meeting, a friend of a friend of someone you have just met – and soon the most insipid, most insignificant place becomes a mirror of the world, a window on life, a theatre of humanity.” Tiziano Terzani

Simple Past Present Perfect

Writing practiceRead the article and write correct sentences.

1. What allowed ancient societies to regulate their activities on time was the observation of the governing classes.

2. The development of agriculture required less astronomical observations.

3. Codices and monumental hieroglyphic inscriptions prove that prehispanic cultures weren’t aware of cosmic regularities.

4. Archeology has disclosed that all buildings were largely oriented on astronomical grounds.

5. The Sun figured in ideas and ritual practices linked to warfare and sacrifice, and was also believed to be an eclipse agent.


Lesson 2 How would medieval doctors treat their patients?

discuss medical advancements of the past and use ‘would’ to describe past routines.Get ready to…

Time to start

Listen on T8 Medieval MedicineLook at the table and suggest what colonial physicians based their treatments on. What do modern doctors base their treatments on?

BULL TIGER TWINS FISHES WATERCARRIER GOAT

ARCHER SCORPION BALANCE VIRGIN LION CRAB

Jupiter Moon Saturn Marssanguine phlegmatic melancholic cholericserene foolish stubborn exuberantfever fever fever feverred white black yellowair water earth fire

Grammar peek Would (past habits or routine)

Listen to the track and answer the questions.

1. What was medieval science based on?

2. What would medieval physicians base their treatments on?

3. What would surgeons take care of?

4. How would physicians cure their patients?

5. Who would prescribe drugs in the beginning of the 17th century?

6. Why would people turn to anyone who claimed to be qualified?

7. Could academic medicine cure diseases?

8. Who would practice medicine in colonies?

9. What would people rely on in the absence of qualified practitioners?

10. What did housewives have?

Circle the odd sentence.

• Peter would always visit his grandparents when he came to the village.• I used to visit my grandparents when I was younger.• Mandy visited her grandparents last week.

We can use ‘would’ to express that an activity was a routine or frequently repeated typical behavior.Example: They would treat people using herbs. Nowadays, they use drugs.

Complete the sentences.

• In the past, I would .• Today, I .• When I was little, my parents would .• Nowadays, my parents .

Attitude & ValuesDo you consider yourself a caring person? If yes, why? If not, why not?Do you look after an elderly, sick or needy member of the family or a friend?Do you do any volunteer work?Have you ever met a doctor who is truly caring?Is it important for a doctor to be a caring person?Read the quotes about the value of caring and choose the one you like the most. Explain your choice.

“Never believe that a few caring people can't change the world. For, indeed, that's all who ever have.” Margaret Mead

“What we have done for ourselves alone dies with us; what we have done for others and the world remains and is immortal.” Albert Pike

“Three keys to more abundant living: caring about others, daring for others, sharing with others.” William Arthur Ward


0% 50% 100%

Team upEach team has to read the statements and to decide if they’re true 100, 50 or 0 percent. The teams have to explain their choices and prove their point of view.

• Rational research wasn’t easy to establish in medieval medicine.• The treatment of the patient wasn’t based on his temperament.• Medieval physicians would assume that disease was caused by a

disturbance in temper.• Doctors would use bloodletting, laxatives and blistering.• The connection between medicine and astrology was important.• Surgeons had a higher status than the physicians.• There were many charlatans among medical practitioners.• Medical studies were more theoretical than practical.• Anyone could afford imported chemicals.

Read on Medical Advancements of the PastRead about the history of medical advancements and complete the sentences. Follow the example.

Discuss in pairs or groups how different modern day medical science would be if these inventions or discoveries hadn't happened.

1. The stethoscope was invented in 1816. Before 1816, doctors couldn’t use a stethoscope.2. The first successful blood transfusion was performed in 1818. Before 1818, 3. The first surgical operation using anesthesia was performed in 1851. Before 1851, 4. The hypodermic syringe with plunger was invented in 1852. Before 1852, 5. The first use of x-rays took place in 1895. Before 1895, 6. The first commercial bottle of aspirin was sold in 1899. Before 1899, 7. The Band-Aid© was invented in 1920. Before 1920, 8. Insulin was used for the first time to treat diabetes in 1922. Before 1922, 9. Penicillin was discovered in 1928. Before 1928, 10. The first contact lenses were developed in 1948. Before 1948,

Word for word MedicineFind the correct definitions for these new words and write them down. Listen to Track 8 and clap every time you hear any of these. Write sentences of your own using them.

• physician .• temperament .• surgery .• claim .• charlatan .• outcome .• remedy .

Visit http://historymedren.about.com/library/faq/blmedieval.htm#emailRead the articles and write your questions in pairs or groups.After you read the articles, discuss them with your classmates. Consider what you’ve learned in this lesson and add more questions for the site.

SPEAK UPSPEAK UPProject@Hand

This project is about doing research and visiting different medical specialists. In teams, interview five different medical specialists to find out what medical advancements they wouldn’t be able to do without. Complete the chart based on your interviews.

Can’t do without

Can do without

Most important

Least important

In the past, Dr… would

Write about the project “Medical Advancements” on the Project Report section on pp. 76, 77.


Lesson 3 What can DNA tell us?

talk about DNA, bioethics and use Reported Speech.Get ready to…

Time to start Scientists say that human DNA has fewer genes than trees.What did Dr. Rudovsky say?

We have discovered more genetic material contained in human DNA.

We didn’t know how only 22,000 genes operated the entire human body.

We discovered that genes “communicate” with other genes by rearranging themselves.

Read on Why Am I Unique?Look at the image and suggest what Ms. Cramer is going to talk about.

Read what Ms. Cramer is telling her students. Answer the questions below. Have you learned anything interesting?

Do you know what helps you grow? Why do you have a different hair color or a different shoe size than your friends? Some students in this classroom are tall and others are short. Someone’s hair grows faster than yours. All these things make you unique. Human bodies are made up of cells and DNA. DNA makes your body and hair a certain color. It even determines how intelligent you are. There is a map of how we’re going to turn out even before we’re born. This map comes in the form of DNA. The DNA that we receive from our parents contributes to who we become as a person. Almost everything about us is determined based on the structure of our DNA. There is information on every cell that you have stored in your DNA.There are billions of DNA strands in every person.A strand contains genes. DNA is encoded within four interchangeable blocks called “bases”.Forensic scientists can use DNA located in blood, or hair left at a crime scene to identify a possible suspect.The genetic code is a set of rules which maps DNA sequences in the living cell. The knowledge that DNA was the carrier of genetic information was a process which required many earlier discoveries. The existence of DNA was discovered in the mid 19th century. However, it was only in the early 20th century that researchers began suggesting that it might store genetic information.

1. What are human bodies made of? 2. What makes our body and hair a certain color? 3. Whose DNA contributes to who we become? 4. What do DNA strands contain? 5. How many DNA strands are there in every person? 6. What can forensic scientists use to identify a suspect? 7. What is a genetic code? 8. Where is DNA encoded? 9. When was the existence of DNA discovered? 10. What did researchers begin suggesting in the early 20th century?


Attitude & ValuesWhat does it mean to you to be an ethical person?Read and discuss the quotes.

“Ethics is to know the difference between what you have a right to do and what is right to do.” Potter Stewart

“Man cannot pretend to be higher in ethics, spirituality, advancement, or civilisation than other creatures, and at the same time live by lower standards than the vulture or hyena.” Jay Dinsah

Word for word GeneticsRead the definitions and match them with the words. Find these words in the lesson and write sentences of your own using them.

• DNA a. an organism's genetic material• molecule b. the sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that determines the specific amino acid sequence• genome c. deoxyribonucleic acid• genetic code d. the smallest particle of a substance that retains its chemical and physical properties

Grammar peek Reported SpeechUnderline the verbs and pronouns that change their form in the sentences. Why does it happen?

a. “Dr. Gibson spoke to us.”b. She said that Dr. Gibson had spoken to them.

Reported speech is the form we use to speak about what others say.If the introductory sentence starts in the present (She says…, He insists…. They emphasize…), there is no backshift of tenses in Reported Speech.Example: Direct Speech Mary: “I often stay in the library after midnight.” Reported Speech Mary says that she often stays in the library after midnight.

If the introductory sentence starts in the past (She said.., He asked…, They replied…), there is a backshift of tenses in Reported Speech.Example: Direct Speech Mary: “I stayed in the library after midnight.” Reported Speech Mary said that she had stayed in the library after midnight.

Backshift of tensesSIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PASTSIMPLE PAST/PRESENT PERFECT/PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECTPRESENT PROGRESSIVE PAST PROGRESSIVEPAST PROGRESSIVE PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVEWILL/CAN WOULD/COULD

Listen on T9 BioethicsWhat do you think ‘bioethics’ is? Would you participate in genome sequencing research?

Listen to what Dr. Christensen says and complete the sentences.

1. The host says that Dr. Christensen .2. Alex Chase asked how they .3. Dr. Christensen replied that they needed .4. Dr. Christensen says that genome sequencing .5. Rose asked if anyone else .6. Dr. Christensen assures that they .7. Dr. Christensen said that it wasn’t just .8. Dr. Christensen emphasized that .

What are your pro and con arguments in these debates?

1. Parents should be held accountable by law for their care of children with known genetic defects.2. Many people object to the use of mammals in experiments. Do you feel that animal models of human genetic disease are necessary? Should treatments be allowed on laboratory mammals before attempting the treatment on humans?

SPEAK UPSPEAK UPProject@Hand

Gather information about your ancestors to create a family tree. Find out how their behavior, physical appearance and personal qualities are similar to yours. Taking into consideration the information you gathered, predict what characteristics your children would inherit.Share your findings with your teammates and find out what physical or behavioral characteristics you have in common.Write about the project “Tracking My Genes” on the Project Report section on pp. 76, 77.

When you encourage your Ss to participate in debates, you promote their critical thinking by presenting controversial issues in a pro-con format.


Reading Follow-Up

Read the article and complete the table below.

Genetic EngineeringGenetic engineering is the manipulation of the genes that allows an organism to perform new functions or produce new substances. It has applications in medicine, food production, agriculture and the environment.Genetic engineering gives scientists knowledge about how cancer spreads, how viruses replicate inside our cells, or how a brain degenerates in Parkinson’s patients.When treating life-threatening diseases, genetic engineering aims to replace faulty genes with perfect working copies. But gene therapy can be a dangerous procedure. A gene can land in a spot other than where you want it. Gene therapy can cause harm when used in the wrong way.Many crops are being genetically engineered in many ways. It results in higher crop yields, more nutritious food, crops that are more resistant to pests, food with better flavor and a long shelf life. However, a gene for herbicide resistance may spread into other crops.Genetic modification of crops might pose a hazard to the ecosystem.Some scientists fear it might cause more allergic reactions in consumers.Scientists have been manipulating genomes for decades with the selective breeding of crops and cattle. Some see it as against nature and potentially risky for the human race.Genetic engineering is valuable technology and should be pursued as long as everything possible is done to ensure that the risks are minimal.

“I see nothing wrong ethically with the idea of correcting single gene defects through genetic engineering. But I am concerned about any other kind of intervention, for anything else would be an experiment, which would impose our will on future generations and take unreasonable chances with their welfare ... Thus such intervention is beyond the scope of consideration.” Ian Wilmut

PROS CONS

Observe the images for a couple of minutes. What do they make you think of in reference to genetic engineering?


Writing Follow-Up

Read on

Time to startWhen writing an e-mail consider that

• there is always an e-mail address.• the address is made up of two parts, separated by the symbol @, which means ‘at’.• the part before the @ is the username.• the part to the right of the @ is the domain name.• the person who writes the e-mail is called the ‘sender’.• the person who receives the e-mail is called the ‘recipient’.• it is important to include a concise phrase in the ‘subject’ line.• the phrase in the ‘subject’ line tells the recipient what the content of your e-mail is

Writing tips• Use formal language.• Provide a suitable answer.• Arrange the text in paragraphs.• Avoid the abbreviation language used in text

messages.• Use grammatically correct sentences with accurate

spelling and punctuation• Re-read and check your e-mail.

Read the e-mail you have received and write a response using between 70-90 words.

Mr. / Mrs.We would like to invite you to contribute to a human genetics study we are carrying out. Instructions for submission can be found at www.humangenome.com. The results of the study are protected under the terms of our ethical guidelines and privacy agreement. This prevents anyone from copying, distributing, transmitting or adapting the work. In case you need any further information, please don't hesitate to contact us.Thank you very much in advance for your kind support and co-operation.We are looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Kind regards,

Human Genetics

WEB SEARCHVisit

http://www.wikihow.com/Write-a-Formal-Email

and learn how to write a formal e-mail. Read the sample

e-mails provided on the site and choose one to use as a model for

your e-mail writing practice.


Workbook

SIMPLE PAST

PRESENT PERFECT

1. Complete the puzzle with words from the article “Astronomy in Prehispanic Cultures” to find the name of one of the main gods in ancient Mesoamerican cultures. Use these definitions to help you.

1. The science, art, and business of cultivating soil, producing crops, and rearing livestock; farming.2. A picture or symbol representing an object, concept, or sound.3. The prescribed order of a religious ceremony.4. A member of a Mexican Indian people who established a great empire, centered on the valley of Mexico, that was

overthrown by Cortés and his followers in the early 16th century.5. Any of various systems of reckoning time in which the beginning, length, and divisions of a year are defined.6. The partial or complete obscuring, relative to a designated observer, of one celestial body by another.7. The act of offering something to a deity in propitiation or homage, especially the ritual slaughter of an animal or

a person.8. Manuscripts, especially of a classic work or of the Scriptures.9. Military operations marked by a specific characteristic.10. In accordance with established or accepted laws, patterns and standards.11. A group or class of people or a member of such a group or class, enjoying superior intellectual, social, or

economic status.

2. Read the sentences and choose SIMPLE PAST or PRESENT PERFECT.

1. The main contribution of the Aztec rule was a system of communications between the conquered cities.

2. For millennia the practice of human sacrifice was widespread in Mesoamerican and South American cultures.

3. Excavations of some cities have proved that a sizeable number of luxury items were produced in Tenochtitlan.

4. An Aztec could become a slave as a punishment.5. Recent advances in the decipherment of the Maya writing system has shed light on

the socio-political, artistic, and historical aspects of the Maya civilization.6. The Maya calendar involved several interlocking cycles, some of which tracked

astronomical events while others seemingly followed abstract time intervals.7. The presence of the Long Count on ancient monuments has helped archaeologists

date them to our calendar (which is called the Gregorian Calendar).8. The Maya writing system had an extensive set of phonetic signs.

Q

1

5

9

3

7

2

6

10

4

8

11


Workbook

TRUE

WOULD

FALSE

WOULDN’T

3. Put the verbs into the correct tense (Simple Past or Present Perfect Simple).

Anna: (you/try/ever) lobster?Nick: Yes, I (try) it many times. It’s my favorite seafood dish. I love it!Anna: When (you/eat) lobster for the first time? Was it a long time ago?Nick: I (eat) lobster for the first time on my brother’s birthday. He (invite) us to

a seafood restaurant.Anna: (you/like) it then?Nick: Yes, I . I (not/be) to that restaurant before. The food (be) delicious.

4. Listen to Track 8 and choose TRUE or FALSE for the statements.

1. Modern science was based on old writings originating from the ancient Romans and Greeks.2. Medieval physicians would base their treatments on one’s symptoms.3. Surgeons would take care of skin conditions.4. Physicians with an academic degree would cure their patients with drugs and diets.5. Physicians made and sold drugs.6. British apothecaries would make drugs.7. In the early 16th century, British apothecaries would prescribe drugs.8. The need for medical care wasn’t high.9. Academic medicine often could not cure diseases.10. People would turn to anyone who proved to be qualified.11. The difference between a charlatan and a qualified physician had more to do with fees than the outcome.12. A literate person would learn medicine by reading.13. All educated men who acquired some theoretical medical knowledge would practice medicine.14. People would rely on doctors.15. Housewives often had herb gardens that provided medical ingredients.

6. Choose WOULD or WOULDN’T to fill the gaps.

1. I always get up early. Now, it's not easy to get up at 5 a.m. every day.2. When I lived in London, I drive on the right side of the road.3. She call me every day, but now she doesn't even send me text messages anymore.4. Mr. Jones never allow us to stay at school after class. Now, he always asks us to stay and help.5. When Pete was five, he talk to strangers. He was very reserved and shy.6. I had to help my mother, so I take care of my little sister.7. My mother always clean my room. I'm not used to cleaning my room now.8. Rose never feed Rover on time. So, now he grabs food from the counter at any time.9. My students never listen to my advice. They regret it today, but now it is too late.10. Jim bite his finger nails whenever he was nervous.11. They call every morning. But, I knew they were doing fine.12. Martha think it was all right to interrupt the teacher until she was asked to leave the classroom.

5. Write the correct words from the WORD FOR WORD section in Lesson 2 next to their definitions.

1. A person who makes elaborate, fraudulent, and often voluble claims to skill or knowledge; a quack or fraud. 2. Something, such as medicine or therapy, that relieves pain, cures disease, or corrects a disorder. 3. A person licensed to practice medicine; a medical doctor. 4. An end result; a consequence. 5. To demand, ask for, or take as one's own or one's due. 6. The manner of thinking, behaving, or reacting characteristic of a specific person. 7. A surgical procedure, especially one involving the removal/replacement of a diseased organ or tissue.


Workbook

7. Finish the sentences using Reported Speech.

1. Chad: “I’m at home.” Chad said that .2. Sam: “I don’t understand these words.” Sam said that .3. Max: “The store won’t be open next month.” Max said that .4. Chris: “There is a bank nearby.” Chris said that .5. Pete: “Rita didn’t attend the meeting.” Pete said that .6. Elsa: “I wonct have time to do homework.” Elsa remarked that .7. Nick: “My students are leaving.” Nick replied that .8. Lina: “I sold my car.” Lina confessed that .9. Tom: “Mike didn’t turn off the light.” Tom said that .10. Ben: “Your phone is ringing.” Ben said that .

9. Choose the correct option (a, b, c or d). Compare your choices with the definitions on www.genome.gov/glossary/index.cfm.

1. are made up of atoms that are stuck together in a particular shape or form.a. DNA b. cells c. molecules d. genes

2. The human is organized into chromosomes and the small mitochondrial DNA.a. molecule b. genome c. genetic code d. strand

3. The is a set of instructions for transferring genetic data stored in the form of DNA or RNA into proteins.a. gene b. genetic code c. molecule d. cell

4. Modern laboratory techniques allow scientists to extract from tissue samples.a. chromosome b. molecule c. atom d. DNA

5. The DNA model is a double helix that is a representation of the basic building blocks of the genetic for the reproduction of life.a. blueprint b. tissue c. cell d. search

6. is the process by which an offspring cell or organism acquires or becomes predisposed to the characteristics of its parent cell or organism.a. heredity b. DNA c. genetic code d. genome

7. Genetic information is and sequenced in the form of DNA.a. extracted b. hidden c. encoded d. summarized

8. Read “Why am I unique?” and underline the correct sentences. Read them out loud.

• The human body is composed of trillions of cells.• The human body is composed of chromosomes.• Genes make your body and hair a certain color.• Blood makes your body and hair a certain color.• Before we’re born it is impossible to tell how we’re going to turn out.• Modern science can tell how we’re going to turn out before we’re born.• We inherit DNA from our parents.• We do not inherit our DNA.• Nothing about us is determined by our DNA.• Everything about us is determined by our DNA.• Each strand of our DNA contains one cell.• Each strand of our DNA contains genes.• Scientists who study evidence discovered at a crime scene can use DNA to identify a possible suspect.• Scientists who study genetic information in chlorophyll can use DNA to identify a possible suspect.• In the last century, researchers suggested that DNA might store genetic information.


Workbook

YES NO


1. What does Dr. Christensen do?

2. What did Alex from Chicago ask about?

3. What does genome sequencing allow the scientists to do?

4. Why do the scientists take extra precautions?

5. What does Rose ask about?

6. What should the scientists consider?

7. What do they follow?

8. What is a standard practice?

11. Read the article “Genetic Engineering” and choose YES or NO for the statements here.

1. Genetic engineering is genetic manipulation.2. Genetic manipulation allows an organism to stay the same.3. Genetic engineering does not have applications in many fields.4. Genetic engineering has given scientists the knowledge of how cancer spreads.5. Genetic engineering aims to replace good genes with faulty copies.6. Gene therapy is a safe procedure.7. Gene therapy can cause harm when used in the wrong way.8. Crops have never been genetically engineered in any way.9. Genetic modification of crops might be dangerous to the ecosystem.10. Scientists have been manipulating genomes for decades.11. Some see it as a benefit for nature and for the human race.12. Genetic engineering shouldn’t be pursued.

12. Read the article “Genetic Engineering” again and find the correct definitions for these words. Write sentences of your own using them.

• substance • virus • threat • faulty • crop • pest • shelf life • herbicide • hazard • procedure


Total Assessment

SELF-ASSESSMENT


SUFFICIENT(6 – 8)



Lesson 1 Time to startLesson 2 Speak upLesson 1 Listen onLesson 2 Team up


Lesson 1 Project@handLesson 2 Speak up


Lesson 2 Listen onLesson 3 Word for WordLesson 1 Read onLesson 3 Listen onReading Follow-Up


Lesson 1 Project@handLesson 2 Speak upWriting Follow-UpWeb search

Total



Talks about prehispanic astronomy.

Uses the Simple Past and the Present Perfect correctly.

Talks about medieval medicine.

Uses 'would' to describe past habitual activities.

Describes medical advancements.

Reports what others said.

Talks about genetics and bioethics.

Discusses pros and cons of generic engineering.

Total














YES (1) NO (0)


YES (1) NO (0)

Good use of ICT

YES (1) NO (0)

1 “Astronomy”Project Report sheet

2 “Medical Advancements”Project Report sheet

3 “Tracking My Genes”Project Report sheet

Total

Project “Technology”


Subsidiary concept • Technological advancements

Language functions

• Discuss if Mars could have been inhabited in the past.

• Learn about different ways of saving energy.

• Discuss the importance and the history of time measuring instruments.

p. 62, 63

p. 64, 65

p. 66, 67

Grammar notions• Modal verbs for past probability• May/Might• Used to

p. 62p. 65p. 67

Vocabulary

• Space• Energy• Technology• Clocks

p. 63p. 64p. 65p. 66

Text analysis


Values • Imagination• Responsibility• Punctuality

Learning context • Integrating topic: “History and Technology”

Diagnostic Test

use modal verbs for past probability?discuss the probability of Mars being inhabited?use ‘may’ and ‘might’ correctly?discuss different ways of saving energy?use ‘used to’?talk about the history of clocks?discuss the value of punctuality?

Can you... Yes No

Fill in the gaps with the correct word.

1. They could have a better solution for this problem. a. find b. finding c. found d. is found

2. Mars might have inhabited in the past. a. been b. being c. be d. was

3. Putting solar power stations into orbit around earth might the greenhouse effect. a. reduced b. reducing c. reduces d. reduce

4. Reliable electricity might produced in the future. a. be b. been c. being d. is

5. Water clocks’ weren’t . a. accurately b. accurate c. accrued d. accruement

6. They used to the time using sun clocks. a. telling b. told c. tell d. be tell

What do these images represent?


Lesson 1 Could Mars have been inhabited in the past?

Time to start

Grammar peek Modal verbs for past probability

use modal verbs to talk about past probabilities and discuss if Mars could have been inhabited.Get ready to…

What do these sentences express?

• The orientation of the Earth poles shifted in the past. FACT or PROBABILITY• The orientation of the Earth poles might have shifted in the past. FACT or PROBABILITY

modal verb (may, could, might) + have + past participle

is used to express that there is a possibility that something happened in the past, but we aren’t sure.Examples: He may have called you twice yesterday.

Jane could have told her about it last week.

Scientists have found evidence that the orientation of the poles of the Earth might have shifted in the past. It could have forced our entire planet to spin on its side for a few million years. It was the way the Earth might have restored its own balance and it might happen again.

I like to imagine that Mars could have been home to intelligent life or that it is inhabited. Satellite imagery has shown strange things that look like structured areas and straight lines. They could have been the ruins of ancient civilizations.There might have been networks of cave systems and ecosystems. Some deep craters on Mars also acted as basins where groundwater likely emerged to produce lakes, which contain clay and carbonate minerals. There could have been rivers, lakes and seas on the surface of the red planet.Some controversial photos were published by NASA. They show large formations that look like spreading trees as seen from above. These formations appear to change with the seasons, growing with the warmth and increased sunlight of Mars's spring season, just as vegetation would. Some kind of plant life could have existed on Mars.Some say there is a humanoid civilization living under the surface of Mars. Some scientists suggest that thousands of years ago fragments of the Vela supernova entered the solar system and destroyed the ecosystem on Mars. The Martians, who were more ethically and technologically advanced than humans, might have sheltered underground.

Check it out!

The density of the atmosphere on Mars is about one hundredth that of Earth's atmosphere, so liquid water is not very likely on Mars. The surface of Mars has been mapped and there are no seas or lakes or rivers, or forests. It looks like there

was once liquid water on the surface of Mars, but that was in the distant past.

Read on Is Mars Inhabited?Do you think there is life on Mars?

Read what Alan is saying and complete the sentences below. Do you agree with him?

1. Mars could have been .

2. They could have been .

3. There might have been .

4. There could have been .

5. Some kind of .

6. The Martians might have .

63Module 4 Project “Technology”

Listen on T10 Spirit

Project@HandNASA developed a three-phase strategy (reconnaissance, surveillance, in-depth study) for scientific exploration of celestial bodies. Learn about past missions to Mars, what discoveries were made on each mission, and what questions were raised by each mission.Your teammates should work together to produce a report on their findings. Visit http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/programmissions/ for help.Write about the project “Missions to Mars” on the Project Report section on pp. 76, 77.

Do you know how scientists explore the surface of Mars?

Listen to Track 10 and answer the questions.

1. What did “Spirit” become?

2. What did its studies show?

3. What do “Spirit´s” records show?

4. What uplifted the hills?

5. When did dust formations make contact?

6. What kept “Spirit” functional for a longer period?

Using the images to help you, try to reconstruct Alan's comments.Team up

Discuss in pairs or groups why Mars is referred to as the "red planet"? What do we know about the geological history, surface, and atmosphere of Mars?

SPEAK UPSPEAK UP

Attitude & Values

Do you think it is important to have good imagination?Discuss what J. K. Rowling says about the value of imagination.“Imagination is not only the uniquely human capacity to envision that which is not, and therefore the fount of all invention and innovation. In its arguably most transformative and revelatory capacity, it is the power that enables us to empathise with humans whose experiences we have never shared.”


Lesson 2 How might more energy be saved?

learn different ways of saving energy and use ‘may’ or ‘might’ to express possibility.Get ready to…

Time to start

Read on Another Source of EnergyWhat springs to your mind when you hear ‘renewable energy’?

Look at the illustration and suggest what the article is going to be about.

Read the article and discuss it. Use the key words below to retell it.

For every hundred meters you go into the ground, the temperature increases in about 3 degrees Celsius. Or, for every 328 feet, it increases 5.4 degrees Fahrenheit. Deep under the surface, water sometimes makes its way close to the hot rock and turns into boiling hot water or into steam. The hot water can reach temperatures of more than 300 degrees Fahrenheit (148 degrees Celsius). This is hotter than boiling water (212 degrees F / 100 degrees C). It doesn't turn into steam because it is not in contact with the air.Hot water or steam from below the ground can also be used to generatee electricity in a geothermal power plant. In California, there are 14 areas where geothermal energy is used to produce electricity.Holes are drilled into the ground and pipes lowered into the hot water, like a drinking straw in a soda. The hot steam or water comes up through these pipes.Mexico is the fourth largest provider of geothermal power. In September, 2012, Mexico’s Federal Electricity Commission (CFE) reached an agreement with Japan’s Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. to build another 50 MW geothermal power plant. The power plant will be constructed in the region of Michoacán, and will be completed by the end of 2014.This reliable electricity might be produced in the future at a more stable price, and it generates electricity in a such way that it reduces environmental impact and emissions to a minimum. An advantage it has over other renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power is that geothermal energy is not intermittent.

Complete the table.

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE

coal

ground

temperature

gas

reliable

electricity

tidal power

advantage

steam

solar power

provider

hot water

wood

geothermal

power plant

biomass

nuclear oil wind powerhydroelectric power geothermal


Listen on T11 New Energy-saving Technologies!

Grammar peek MightRewrite these sentences using 'might'. What does each sentence express?

• Renewable energy resource development will result in new jobs for people.• • Even though renewable power plants don't pollute the air, they will have an impact on the environment.• • Wind farms will cause erosion in desert areas and affect the natural view.•

'Might' is most commonly used to express possibility. 'Will' expresses certainty.

PRESENT PAST FUTUREFacilities might be built where geothermal energy is abundant.

They might have signed the contract yesterday.

Geothermal power plants might cost less than gas-fired power plants in the future.

Attitude & Values

Responsibility means to be accountable for your actions.What kind of responsibility is the most important? Order them from 1 to 5. 1 being the most important and 5 the least important to you.

MORAL RESPONSIBILITY to other people, animals, and the earth. This means caring, defending, helping, building, protecting, preserving, and sustaining. You're accountable for treating other people justly and fairly, for honoring other living things, and for being environmentally aware. LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY to the laws and ordinances of your community, state, and country. If there's a law you believe is outdated, discriminatory, or unfair, you can work to change, improve, or eliminate it. FAMILY RESPONSIBILITY means treating your parents, siblings, and other relatives with love and respect, following your parents' rules, and doing chores and duties at home. COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY. As a part of the community, you're responsible for treating others as you want to be treated, for participating in community activities and decisions, and for being an active, contributing citizen. PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY. It's up to you to become a person of good character. Your parents, teachers, religious leaders, scout leaders, and other caring adults may guide you, but only you can determine the kind of person you are and ultimately become.

Andrew Daniel

Think about ways of saving energy and energy conservation. Share your ideas with your classmates.

Listen to Andrew and Daniel, and choose the correct name for each statement here.

1. He thinks solar cells can be used in a home for lights and appliances.2. He thinks that hydrogen might join electricity as an important energy carrier. 3. He thinks that fuel cells are a promising technology.4. He thinks that frequent rocket launches may harm the upper atmosphere.5. He thinks that microwave beams might affect health adversely.6. He thinks that renewable energy sources can't produce energy all the time.7. He thinks that using solar cells may allow them to be used in a home.8. He thinks that hydrogen can store energy until it is needed and can be transported.9. He thinks that solar energy can be used in a home for lights and appliances.10. He thinks that fuel cells might be used as a source of heat and electricity in buildings.

Project@HandThis project is about saving energy in your school. Each week you can choose an energy monitor who will make sure energy is being used properly. The energy monitor will turn off the lights during recess and after class. You can make "Turn It Off" signs and hang them above the light switches as reminders for yourself and others. You can make sure your classmates recycle all aluminum cans and plastic bottles, and that the school is recycling as much paper as possible.Write about the project “Saving Energy” on the Project Report section on pp. 76, 77.

Check it out!Take a packet of dry beans and soak them into water overnight. Place

10 beans in an airtight clear plastic bag and seal it. Repeat until you have six bags of beans. Place two of them in a warm, sunny place, two

in a warm, but shady place and the other two in a totally dark place. Let them stand for a week. Observe the bags every day and make notes about your observations. Make hypotheses and predictions. What uses do you think the result of the experiment can have?


Lesson 3 How did people use to tell the time?

discuss the importance and the history of time measuring instruments.Get ready to…

Time to start We've all heard someone say, "Wait a second." How much time really is a second? Is a second important?It's enough time for a basketball team to score a winning basket; it can mean meters in track or swimming sprints; and it can mean more than 10 meters in cycling events.Can you jump in the air or say your own name in one second?

Complete a list of activities you think can be done in one second (e.g., words spoken, fingers drummed, meters walked or run). Try out the activities to see if you were right. Perform the same activities over a period of five seconds. Can you do five times as much?

Have you changed your ideas about what can be done in a second?

Read on ClocksWhat types of clocks do you know?

Read about the clocks and choose the correct type for each statement below.

Sun clocks (tall four-sided tapered monuments or obelisks) were carefully constructed —and even purposefully geographically located— around 3500 BC. A shadow was cast as the Sun moved across the sky by the obelisk, which was marked out in sections, allowing people to clearly see the two halves of the day. Another ancient Egyptian shadow clock or sundial seems to have been in use around 1500 BC, which allowed the measuring of the passage of 'hours'. People used to divide sections into ten parts, with two 'twilight hours' indicated, occurring in the morning and in the evening. For it to work successfully at midday or noon, the device had to be turned 180 degrees to measure the afternoon hours.

Water clocks were among the earliest time keeping devices that didn't use the observation of celestial bodies to calculate the passage of time. The ancient Greeks began using water clocks around 325 BC. They used to determine the hours of the night using water clocks. The problem with the water clocks was that they were not totally accurate, as the system of measurement was based on the flow of water either into, or out of, a container which had markers around the sides. Another very similar form was that of a bowl that people used to fill with water and watch it sink during a period of time. It is known that water clocks were common across the Middle East, and that these were still being used in North Africa during the early part of the twentieth-century.

The running of a quartz clock is based on the piezoelectric property of the quartz crystal. When an electric field is applied to a quartz crystal, it actually changes the shape of the crystal itself. If you then squeeze it or bend it, an electric field is generated. When placed in an appropriate electronic circuit, this interaction between the mechanical stress and the electrical field causes the crystal to vibrate, generating a constant electric signal which can then be used, for example, on an electronic clock display. The first wrist-watches that appeared in mass production used 'LED', 'Light Emitting Diode' displays. By the 1970's these were to be replaced by a 'LCD', 'Liquid Crystal Display'.

Water Sun Quartz1. These clocks allowed the measuring of the passing of hours using a shadow.2. These clocks were filled with water.3. These clocks can be used on an electronic clock display.4. These clocks were marked in sections to see the two halves of the day.5. These clocks were common in the Middle East.6. These clocks weren’t totally accurate.7. These clocks were used to determine the hours of the night.8. These clocks work due to the piezoelectric property of the quartz crystal.9. These clocks used ‘LED’.10. These clocks were purposefully geographically located.11. These clocks seem to have been in use around 1500 BC.12. These clocks were used by the ancient Greeks around 325 BC.


Listen on T12 They Used to Tell the Time!How many clocks and watches do you have in your house?Can you imagine your life without any time measuring devices? How would your life be different without clocks?

Listen to the track and answer the questions. Role play the dialog.

1. What did prehistoric men used their observations for?

2. What were the most ancient time measurement devices?

3. How often did mechanical clocks use to strike a bell?

4. When did Christian Huygens invent the pendulum clock?

5. Why did sailors used to get lost at sea?

6. Who was offered a reward in 1714?

7. What did John Harrison invent?

8. When could clocks be mass-produced?

9. Did men use to wear wristwatches at the dawn of the 20th century?

10. Which clock was invented in 1967?

Attitude & Values

Do you agree with these statements? Discuss them. I agree I don’t agreePunctuality is considered to be the noblest of virtues.One of the great values of punctuality is that it gives discipline to life.When we do things in time there is every chance that they end up as fine works.When individuals are not punctual they cause a lot of inconvenience to others.

Grammar peek Used toCircle the odd sentence out.

• Mark used to buy expensive wristwatches.• Mark would buy expensive wristwatches.• Mark bought expensive wristwatches.

"Used to" expresses the idea that something was an old habit that stopped in the past. It indicates that something was often repeated in the past, but it is not done anymore.Listen to Track 12 and say how many times you hear ‘used to’.

Discuss the questions.How would our current day change over time if NASA had not discovered that the Earth's rotation is slowing down and, as a result, a leap-second must be added to keep the day on track?The Earth is slowing down by one one-thousandth of a second per day. Would you notice a change in the day in your lifetime if the slowing were not corrected?In sports, should we measure events within human limitations or should we use our technology to measure actual distances between competitors as accurately as possible?

SPEAK UPSPEAK UP Project@HandPair up for an experiment. One partner will go for a whole weekend or vacation day without a watch or clock. He or she will not be permitted to use any means to help find the time of day. As the day starts and progresses, that partner will periodically tell the other what time he or she thinks it is. The other partner will record the estimates and also the actual time each estimate is made. On a subsequent weekend or vacation day, the partners will switch places. Was it difficult to be without an instrument to measure time? Why or why not?Write about the project “No Clocks” on the Project Report section on pp. 76, 77.


Reading Follow-Up

Atomic Clocks

Although quartz clocks continue to dominate the market because of the accuracy and reliability of their performance, and also being inexpensive to produce on mass scale, they have now been surpassed by the 'Atomic clock'.A vast amount of knowledge regarding 'electromagnetic waves', also known as 'microwaves', which interact with the atoms, was created in the 1930s, along with the development of the radar and the subsequent experimentation with high frequency radio communications during the 1940s. Scientists discovered some time ago that atoms and molecules have 'resonances' and that each chemical element and compound absorbs and emits 'electromagnetic radiation' within its own unique 'frequencies'.The development of atomic clocks focused firstly on microwave resonances in the chemical ammonia and its molecules. In 1957, 'NIST', the 'National Institute of Standards and Technology', completed a series of tests using a 'Cesium Atomic Beam' device, followed by a second program of experiments by NIST in order to have something for comparison when working at atomic level. By 1960, as the outcome of the programs, 'Cesium Time Standards' were incorporated as the official time keeping system at NIST.The 'Natural frequency' is currently recognized as the measurement of time, used by all scientists. It defines the period of 'one second' as exactly '9,192,631,770 Oscillations' or '9,192,631,770 Cycles of the Cesium Atom's Resonant Frequency'. From the 'Macrocosm', or 'Planetary Alignment', to the 'Microcosm', or 'Atomic Frequency', cesium now maintains accuracy with a margin of error of about 'one-millionth of a second per year'.Much of modern life has come to depend on such precise measurements of time. The day is long past when we could get by with a timepiece accurate to the nearest quarter hour. Transportation, financial markets, communication, manufacturing, electric power and many other technologies have become dependent on super-accurate clocks. Scientific research and the demands of modern technology continue to drive our search for even more accuracy. The next generation of Cesium Time Standards is presently under development at many laboratories around the world.

TRUE FALSE

Choose TRUE or FALSE for the statements.

1. The development of the radar and the subsequent experimentation with high frequency radio communications took place in the 21st century.

2. Scientists discovered that atoms and molecules emit chemicals.3. The development of atomic clocks focused firstly on microwave resonances in the

chemical ammonia and its molecules.4. The 'National Institute of Standards and Technology', completed a series of tests

using a 'Cesium Atomic Beam' device in 1960.5. 'Cesium Time Standards' were incorporated as the official time keeping system at

NIST by 1916.6. 'Electromagnetic radiation' has its own unique 'frequencies'.7. Cesium now maintains accuracy with a margin of error of about 'one-millionth

of a second per year'.8. Much of modern life has come to depend on precise measurements of time.9. In the past, people used to live without accurate time measurement instruments.10. Quartz clocks don’t dominate the market anymore.11. Many technologies have become dependent on super-accurate clocks.12. People don’t look for more accuracy.


Writing Follow-Up

Read onRead the story and underline the key words.

In Wheeling, West Virginia, around 1850, a man named Eber Pettet was staying at the City Hotel. Since this was before the time that slaves had been emancipated, the Underground Railroad (U.G.R.R), which helped African-Americans escape from slavery and make their way to free cities in the north, was in full operation. You may have read about Harriet Tubman and others who led many groups of slaves to freedom.According to author Charles Blockson, Pettet came to know that the City Hotel was a stop on the Underground Railroad. He met a young black man named Charley who described his experience in Wheeling.Charley had stolen a horse and run away from his owner in Virginia. For two weeks he lived off corn and apples and was almost starved by the time he reached Wheeling. He went to the hotel before daylight and asked the landlord for some bread."You are a runaway," the landlord said. Charley started to say no, but the landlord added, "Go with me!"He took Charley to the barn where he had left the stolen horse."Do you know whose horse that is?" the landlord asked.Convinced that he had been caught and would soon be sent back to his master in chains, Charley told him the truth and waited for the landlord to call the authorities.Instead, the landlord said, "You see that house beyond that lot?"Charley nodded."You go there and tell them I said they must take care of you, and give you something to eat." The landlord was smiling now, but it was getting light. "Hurry, go right in the back door." Taken from James M. Deem “How to travel through time”

Time to startTips to write a story:1. Set a sequence.

You can use sequencing expressions or connectors to divide your story into paragraphs.• at first• then• later• as soon as• after a while• finallyUse them to develop your story and build suspense.

2. Plan your narrative tenses.Make sure you use appropriate narrative tenses such as the Simple Past, the Past Continuous or the Past Perfect. This will help you make your story more interesting. Use adjectives and adverbs that will help you make your descriptions more colorful.

3. Plan out your story.To divide your story into paragraphs, make notes of the contents you’d like to write in each paragraph. • Set up atmosphere and scene.• Describe the plot.• Reach a solution.• Express the final outcome.

4. Read your story and check it for spelling, grammar or vocabulary mistakes.

WEB SEARCHVisit

http://www.how-to-write-a-book-now.com/plot-outline.html

and learn how to create a plot outline.

Write your story in 70-90 words.


Workbook

2. Fill in the gaps using must or might.

1. Ben promised to call. I’m sure it was Ben. It have been Ben.2. I saw Shelley’s car parked outside. She have arrived to meet Jake.3. I’m not sure I passed the exam. But, I have passed it.4. Maybe Carol told him about our meeting. She have told him yesterday.5. You speak excellent Italian. I’m sure you lived in Italy. You have lived there for a long time.6. If I’d worked all night I have finished the report on time. I’m not sure.7. I don’t see the lights on in his room. He have left.8. He brought a very heavy box. It weighs about 40 kg. Someone have helped him.9. My daughter looks very happy. She have found a great job.10. Diana was very honest with me. She decided to lead a healthy lifestyle. Therapies have worked for her.

1. Read “Is Mars Inhabited?” in Lesson 1 and answer the questions.

1. What does Alan like to imagine?

2. What has satellite imagery shown?

3. What could structured areas and straight lines have been?

4. What kind of networks might have been there?

5. What did some deep craters store?

6. What could have been there on the surface of the red planet?

7. What was published by NASA?

8. What formations shown in the photos appear to change with the seasons?

9. What do some scientists suggest?

10. Where might the Martians have sheltered?

3. Listen to Track 10 and correct the sentences.

1. “Spirit” will become the first explorer to climb a mountain on another planet.

2. Its studies don’t show any volcanic rocks or signs of minerals formed by water.

3. “Spirit’s” records show how volatile Mars is going to be in the future.

4. Some geological force uplifts the hills exposing eroded landslides.

5. Some dust formations are sweeping dust from the solar panels.


Workbook

4. Read the definitions of different energy sources and decide which are renewable and which aren’t. Check the non-renewable energy sources. Circle the correct option and complete the sentences below.

• Wood fuels arise from multiple sources including forests, other wooded land and trees outside forests, co-products from wood processing, post-consumer recovered wood and processed wood-based fuels.

• Biomass contains energy first derived from the sun: Plants absorb the sun’s energy through photosynthesis, and convert carbon dioxide and water into nutrients (carbohydrates).

• Natural gas is a mixture of gases of which 50-90% is methane (CH4). Conventional natural gas lies above most reservoirs of crude oil. Carbon dioxide and water vapor are released when it is burned.

• Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy. It is used by wind turbines to produce electrical power, windmills for mechanical power, wind pumps for water pumping or drainage.

• Coal is a black or dark-brown combustible mineral substance consisting of carbonized vegetable matter, used as a fuel. It is mostly made out of carbon. When coal is combusting, carbon mixes with oxygen from the air forming carbon dioxide in the process.

• Nuclear power is the energy released by a nuclear reaction, especially by fission or fusion. It is also called atomic energy.

1. Wood is a renewable/non-renewable energy source because .2. Biomass is a renewable/non-renewable energy source because .3. Natural gas is a renewable/non-renewable energy source because .4. Wind power is a renewable/non-renewable energy source because .5. Coal is a renewable/non-renewable energy source because .6. Nuclear power is a renewable/non-renewable energy source because .

5. Read the article “Another Source of Energy” in Lesson 2 and retell it using these illustrations.

6. Rewrite the sentences using ‘might’. Discuss how their meaning changes.

1. It will generate electricity in a way that keeps environmental impact and emissions to a minimum.

2. Hot water or steam from below the ground can also be used to make electricity in a geothermal power plant.

3. There are many areas where geothermal energy will be used to make electricity.

4. Holes will be drilled into the ground and pipes lowered into the hot water.

5. Water will make its way close to the hot rock and turn into boiling hot water or into steam.


Workbook


1. Where can solar cells be used?

2. Where can electrical energy produced by solar cells be used?

3. Where do others suggest putting solar power satellites?

4. How would solar power satellites work?

5. What pros and cons would the use of solar power satellites have?

6. What may frequent rocket launches harm?

7. What does Daniel consider a promising technology for use as a source of heat and electricity in buildings?

8. What energy carrier might join electricity in the future?

8. Read about the value of responsibility in Lesson 2 and answer the quiz here. Discuss your answers with your classmates.

Are you ecologically responsible?

1. Do you throw away disposable plastic cups that you don’t know what to do with?a. alwaysb. sometimesc. never

2. Do you compost your cat or dog’s hair after brushing it?a. alwaysb. sometimesc. never

3. Do you give away an old washer or a fridge after you get a new one?a. alwaysb. sometimesc. never

4. Do you recycle aluminum cans?a. alwaysb. sometimesc. never

5. Do you throw away burned-out fluorescent bulbs or lithium batteries?a. alwaysb. sometimesc. never

6. Do you leave your electric appliances plugged while you’re out on a vacation?a. alwaysb. sometimesc. never

7. Do you toss glass bottles into the recycle bin?a. alwaysb. sometimesc. never


Workbook

9. Read about the clocks in Lesson 3 and answer the questions.

1. What knd of clocks were among the earliest time keeping devices that didn't use the observation of the celestial bodies to calculate the passage of time?

2. What is the running of a quartz clock based on?

3. When were sun clocks constructed and purposefully geographically located?

4. When did the ancient Greeks begin using water clocks?

5. Where was the ancient shadow clock discovered?

6. What did the first wrist-watches that appeared in mass production use?

7. What was the problem with the water clocks?

8. What had to be done to a sun clock at midday for it to work successfully?

10. Listen to Track 12 and correct the sentences.

1. Prehistoric men didn't use to observe the stars and changes in the seasons.

2. They didn't use their observations to plan farming, sacred feasts and nomadic activities.

3. The sundial, hourglass and water clock weren’t the earliest time measurement devices before clocks and watches.

4. Mechanical clocks which used weights and springs appeared had faces and hour or minute hands.

5. Sailors didn’t use to get lost because pendulum clocks worked at.

6. For every minute lost by a clock, there would be a navigation error of fifty miles.

7. Sailors couldn’t tell time using a tiny pocket watch for navigation at sea.

8. By the midst of the 1800's common people didn’t use to purchase more than one clock or wristwatch.

9. The First World War soldiers didn’t use to wear wristwatches because they preferred to take out a pocket watch to check the time in battle.

10. The atomic clock was invented in 1977.

11. The error ratio of an atomic clock is of one second for every 4 million years.

12. Scientists developed the cesium fountain atomic clock, which is off by only five seconds for every 20 million years.


Total Assessment

SELF-ASSESSMENT


SUFFICIENT(6 – 8)



Lesson 1 Team upLesson 2 Speak upLesson 3 Listen onLesson 3 Speak up


Lesson 1 Project@handLesson 3 Project@hand


Lesson 2 Listen onLesson 3 Read onLesson 1 Read onLesson 2 Listen onReading Follow-Up


Lesson 2 Project@handWriting Follow-UpWeb search

Total



Uses modal verbs to talk about past probability.

Discusses the probability of Mars being inhabited.

Uses ‘may’ and ‘might’ correctly.

Discusses different ways of saving energy.

Uses ‘used to’ correctly.

Talks about the history of clocks.

Discusses the value of punctuality.

Total














YES (1) NO (0)


YES (1) NO (0)

Good use of ICT

YES (1) NO (0)

1 “Missions to Mars”Project Report sheet

2 “Saving Energy”Project Report sheet

3 “No Clocks”Project Report sheet

Total


Project ReportProject 1 Teammates: Time:

Topic Objective Activities Presentation Conclusion

Project 2 Teammates: Time:


77Project Report

Project ReportProject 3 Teammates: Time:


Project 4 Teammates: Time:



Test Yourself B 1/1

I. Choose the correct option.

1. A. Myspace© appear in 2003.B. Myspace© appeared in 2003.C. Myspace© will appear in 2003.

2. A. New social networks appear every week.B. New social networks appears every week.C. New social networks are appeared every week.

3. A. We don’t influenced by advertising.B. We isn’t influenced by advertising.C. We aren’t influenced by advertising.

4. A. She was easily swayed by commercials.B. She were easily swayed by commercials.C. She was easily sway by commercials.

5. A. Are they changed every day?B. Is they changed every day?C. Are they change every day?

6. A. If I were you, I’d call him.B. If I am you, I’d call him.C. If I were you, I’ll call him.

7. A. Would they invite you if you are here?B. Will they invite you if you were here?C. Would they invite you if you were here?

8. A. I saw his car. He must be here.B. I saw his car. He must being here.C. I saw his car. He must is here.

9. A. Kim didn’t call me yesterday.B. Kim doesn’t call me yesterday.C. Kim won’t call me yesterday.

10. A. Some commercials is created professionally.B. Some commercials are created professionally.C. Some commercials are create professionally.

11. A. Where was this machine invented?B. Where was this machine inventing?C. Where were this machine invented?

12. A. He’s be here if you asked.B. He’d be here if you ask.C. He’d be here if you asked.

13. A. She’ll have saved a lot by 2016.B. She’ll saved a lot by 2016.C. She’ll saving a lot by 2016.

14. A. By the end of the month I’ll sell it.B. By the end of the month I’ll sold it.C. By the end of the month I’ll have sold it.

15. A. What has the studies of architectural alignments disclosed?B. What have the studies of architectural alignments disclose?C. What have the studies of architectural alignments disclosed?

16. A. Surgeons would take care of skin conditions.B. Surgeons would taking care of skin conditions.C. Surgeons would have take care of skin conditions.

17. A. Housewives often had herb gardens.B. Housewives often has had herb gardens.C. Housewives often having herb gardens.

18. A. Venus figured in ideas and ritual practices.B. Venus was figured in ideas and ritual practices.C. Venus figuring in ideas and ritual practices.

19. A. Medical studies was more theoretical.B. Medical studies were more theoretical.C. Medical studies were being more theoretical.

20. A. Penicillin was discovered in 1928.B. Penicillin was discover in 1928.C. Penicillin were discovered in 1928.

21. A. This information is stored in your DNA.B. This information is store in your DNA.C. This information are stored in your DNA.

22. A. Where is DNA encodes?B. Where is DNA encoded?C. Where does DNA encoded?

23. A. Genetic modification might posing a hazard.B. Genetic modification might be pose a hazard.C. Genetic modification might pose a hazard.

24. A. Genetic engineering should be pursuing.B. Genetic engineering should be pursued.C. Genetic engineering should pursued.

CORRECT ANSWERS

I. 1 – B, 2 – A, 3 – C, 4 – A, 5 – A, 6 – A, 7 – C, 8 – A, 9 – A, 10 – B, 11 – A, 12 – C, 13 – A, 14 – C, 15 – C, 16 – A, 17 – A, 18 – A, 19 – B, 20 – A, 21 – A, 22 – B, 23 – C, 24 - B

79Test Yourself B 1/1

II. Look at the images. Talk for 3 minutes about each image.

80 Language in Time IV

Competencies

CC1

GC1

GC2

GC3

GC4

GC5

GC6

GC7

GC8

GC9

CC2

CC3

CC4

CC5

CC6

CC7

CC8

CC9

GC10

CC10

GC11

CC11

CC12

Communicative Competencies The student:

Identifies, organizes and interprets ideas, data and explicit/implicit concepts of a text, taking into consideration its origin and objective.

Evaluates a text by comparing its content with other contents, applying previously and newly acquired knowledge.

Makes assumptions about natural and cultural phenomena of his environment based on the consultation of diverse sources.

Creates texts according to the language rules, considering communicative intentions and situations.

Expresses ideas and concepts in creative and coherent compositions with clear introductions, developments and conclusions.

Expresses his point of view in public in a precise, coherent and creative way.

Values and describes the role that art, literature and means of communication have in recreation and transformation of a culture, taking into account different communicative purposes of distinct genders.

Values logical thinking in the communicative process of his daily and academic routine.

Analyzes and compares the origin, development and diversity of the media and means of communication.

Identifies and interprets general idea and possible development of an oral or written message in the target language, recurring to previously acquired knowledge, verbal elements and his cultural context.

Communicates in a foreign language using logical oral or written discourse corresponding the communicative situation.

Uses information and communication technology to investigate, solve problems, produce material and transmit information.

Generic Competencies The student:

Knows and values himself; faces problems and challenges having specific objectives in mind.

Is sensitive to art ad participates in the appreciation and interpretation of art in its different forms.

Selects and follows healthy lifestyles.

Listens to, interprets and gives messages that are relevant to the context, selecting the appropriate medium and code.

Innovates and suggests solutions to problems based on established methods.

Has a personal opinion about topics of general interest and relevance, reflecting and critically considering different opinions.

Has initiative and interest to learn throughout his life.

Participates and collaborates effectively in groups.

Participates, with civic and ethic values, in the life of his community, region, Mexico and the world.

Respects cultural diversity, beliefs, values, ideas and social practices.

Contributes to sustainable development critically and with responsible actions.

CC

GC

81LinT V Teacher’s Book

ContentsAudio Transcripts p. 82

EvaluationTest 1 p. 86Test 2 p. 87Test 3 p. 88Test 4 p. 89

Speaking PracticeTest 1 p. 90Test 2 p. 91Test 3 p. 92Test 4 p. 93

Portfolio and Learning Evidence activities p. 94

American vs. British English p. 96


Audio Transcripts

Module 1

Track 1

I’ve always wondered how the different social networks came into existence. Well, it wasn’t like the Big Bang. You might think Facebook© or Twitter© have always been around, but that’s not true. In 1997, a social network site sixdegrees.com© came on the scene. It ran its course fast and fizzled out. Then, other social networking sites began popping up.Like what?In 2002, Friendster.com© was born. The famous Myspace© appeared in 2003. Your favorite, Facebook© hit the scene in 2004 and Twitter© launched in 2006. Of course, these are not the only social networking sites. There are hundreds of others and new ones appear almost every week. Why are they so popular?The idea behind any social network is to help people to connect with each other. For example, my family lives in another country and I can be in touch with them every day.My mother thinks social networks set us apart because we spend too much time online instead of interacting personally.I understand your mother’s point of view, but I don’t agree with her. A social networking site is social media which is a form of communication. I think it brings people together. Communicating became easier and faster without any obstacles. But certainly it cannot replace personal interaction.

Leonora:Mr. Nigel:

Leonora:Mr. Nigel:

Leonora:Mr. Nigel:

Leonora:

Mr. Nigel:

Track 2

I think everybody is influenced by commercials. We can watch the same commercial many times on every channel. In the end, we begin to think about it. Is it good or bad? Is the advertised product cheap or expensive? Am I influenced by commercials? I definitely am. When I go to the store, I look for the product that I saw advertised. I’m especially influenced by TV commercials. When I hear about a new household or cosmetic product, I’d like to try it. I try to find it in the store. I’m curious about it. Is it really the best?I must admit that in the past I was even more influenced by commercials. I wasn’t sure about the brands, so I was easily swayed by commercials. Nowadays, I try to buy the same brands which I have tried and the products that satisfy my needs.

Track 3

If I were from Mars and came to Earth in a spaceship, what would people think about me? If I were extremely rude, they would assume that everyone on Mars is as rude as me. But what if I am the only rude Martian and all of the other Martians are friendly? From the only encounter with me, a Martian, people would make this judgment. Or maybe I was rude that one time or people just misunderstood me.Many people think that all Australians live in the country with pet kangaroos and catch crocodiles. Most TV shows and movies show Australians catching crocodiles. Sometimes we stereotype different people and nations unintentionally. But it is people’s biggest flaw and can result in wars.


Track 5

What would I do if I were a millionaire? I’ve asked myself this question many times. I’d like to have a lot of money so I can help people who have less than me. I would definitely buy a new house and a nice car for myself first, but then, I’d do my best to provide homes, clothes and food for the poor. I would also help homeless children. I’d open free schools and hospitals for them. I would donate money to different social service organizations which help the elderly and the orphans. I would help my mother, who wouldn’t have to work anymore. I’d do my best to make her life as comfortable as possible so she enjoys it every day. She’d live by the sea as she always wanted.Sometimes, when one becomes rich, one forgets about those in need, but it wouldn’t be my case. I’d always remain sympathetic and generous.

Module 2

Honey! Where did you get all this stuff?Do you like it? I bought it yesterday. The computer and the food processor must be very expensive. And what about this digital camera? You told me we didn’t have enough to pay the rent. Where did you get the money from?I bought it with my new credit card. It has a very low interest rate. Laura! We must pay our debts first. Don’t worry. My boss promised me a raise. And this credit card has a credit limit of $20,000.Credit cards lead to impulse spending. The interest rates are always sky-high. Credit cards are for emergency expenses. To have two is ridiculous.I’m going to pay things back very soon. You should come up with a budget to program your payments. I promise, I will.

I need your advice, Ross. I don’t think I’m good at saving money. I think about the future and I want to have some savings by the time I’m 30.You will have saved a lot of money by the time you’re thirty if you follow my advice.I’m all ears.First of all you’ll have to create a budget which will help you determine how much money you spend. How do I do that?You will need to track your expenses. By the end of the month, you’ll have determined an estimate of your spending habits. Will I have to write down every dollar I spend?Of course. I’ll give you a budget sheet that you’ll use to track your spending. You’ll have to keep your receipts and write all your expenses on the sheet. By the end of the week, you’ll have gathered a pile of receipts and notes. So I advise you to categorize your expenses into fixed and variable.I’ll have to be very careful with my variable expenses, won’t I?You’re right! After you track your expenses, you’ll be able to set up an estimate of your budget. It’s just the beginning and later, I’ll give you some tips to help you save. See you next week.I’ll have completed the budget sheet before I see you next Saturday. Thank you so much, Ross.

Carl:Laura:

Carl:

Laura:Carl:

Laura:Carl:

Laura:Carl:

Laura:

Anne:

Ross:Anne:Ross:

Anne:Ross:

Anne:Ross:

Anne:Ross:

Anne:

Track 4

Track 6


Module 3

Track 7

• What role did the observation of the sky have in prehispanic cultures in Mesoamerica?• What have the studies of architectural alignments disclosed?• What did astronomy intertwine with in Maya and Aztec societies?• What did ancient societies predict using astronomical observations?• When was the knowledge possessed by the priests in prehispanic times lost?

Today, I will tell you something about colonial medicine. Medieval science was based on old writings originating from the ancient Romans and Greeks. Medieval physicians would base their treatments on one’s temperament and astrological data.Surgeons would take care of skin conditions. Physicians with an academic degree would cure their patients only with drugs and diets. They would perform no surgeries. Yes, Liz?Did they make or sell drugs? They didn’t make or sell drugs. In the beginning of the 17th century, British apothecaries would prescribe drugs.The need for medical care was high, but academic medicine often could not cure diseases. People would turn to anyone who claimed to be qualified. Yes, Liz? How did they tell the difference between a charlatan and a qualified practitioner?That’s an excellent question, Liz. The difference between a charlatan and a qualified practitioner had more to do with motivation and fees than the outcome. A literate person would learn medicine by reading. In the colonies, all educated men who acquired some theoretical medical knowledge would practice medicine or give medical advice. Yes, Matt?Who would people turn to in the absence of qualified practitioners?People would rely on home remedies. Everyone in the 17th century would have some knowledge of herbal medicine. Housewives often had herb gardens that provided medical ingredients.

Today, we have Dr. Hans Christensen. Dr. Christensen is an assistant professor of bioethics at Medical College. Dr. Christensen is here to answer some questions from our listeners.Thank you for inviting me to your radio program. Alex Chase from Chicago is asking: “How do you protect patient privacy?”Genome sequencing allows us to collect so much information that makes any individual easily identified. Because of the individualized nature of the information collected, we need to take extra precautions to make sure that someone can’t be identified if they’ve participated in research.Rose, from New York, is asking: “Who else can find out about my genome sequencing if I participate in this research?”Your genes aren’t just your own, which is why we should consider what impacts this information could have on other family members. It isn’t just about the individual, but it has potential implications for anyone who’s genetically related to that person. We follow ethical guidelines. Anonymizing specimens is a standard practice when looking at tissue samples, interviews, and even survey results.Thank you very much, Dr. Christensen.

Mr. Bradford:

Liz:Mr. Bradford:

Liz:Mr. Bradford:

Matt:Mr. Bradford:

Host:

Dr. Christensen:Host:

Dr. Christensen:

Host:

Dr. Christensen:

Host:

Track 8

Track 9


Track 10

“Spirit” became the first explorer to climb a mountain on another planet. Its studies showed plenty of volcanic rocks and few signs of minerals formed by water. “Spirit’s” records show how volatile Mars was in the past. Volcanoes were exploding. Lava was flowing. Water was seeping. Then some geological force uplifted the hills exposing eroded landslides.While dozens of wind whirls were passing before “Spirit’s” cameras, some dust formations made contact. They were sweeping dust from the solar panels and this kept “Spirit” functional for a longer period.

Track 11

Andrew: Some suggest using solar cells. They can be used in a home for lights and appliances.For energy in the future, others suggest putting huge solar power satellites into orbit around the earth. They would collect solar energy from the Sun, convert it to electricity and beam it to Earth as microwaves or some other form of transmission. This form of energy would have no greenhouse gas emissions, but microwave beams might affect health adversely. And frequent rocket launches may harm the upper atmosphere. I think this idea may not be practical for another century; if at all. Daniel: I think that fuel cells are a promising technology for use as a source of heat and electricity in buildings, and as an electrical power source for vehicles.Auto companies are working on building cars and trucks that use fuel cells. Although these applications would ideally run off pure hydrogen, in the near term they might be fueled with natural gas, methanol or even gasoline. In the future, hydrogen might also join electricity as an important energy carrier. Renewable energy sources, like the sun, can’t produce energy all the time. The sun doesn’t always shine. But hydrogen can store this energy until it is needed and can be transported to where it is needed.

Track 12

How did prehistoric men use to tell the time?Prehistoric men used to observe the stars and changes in the seasons. They used their observations to plan farming, sacred feasts and nomadic activities. What were the earliest time measurement devices before clocks and watches?The sundial, hourglass and water clock.What advance occurred in the 1300’s?Mechanical clocks, which used weights and springs, appeared. They had no faces and no hour or minute hands. They used to strike a bell every hour.Excellent! What did Christian Huygens invent in 1656?He invented the pendulum clock. Thanks to the pendulum clocks, people used to tell a more accurate time. The bigger the pendulum, the more accurate the clock was.Why did the British Parliament offer a reward in 1714?Sailors used to get lost and thousands of them died because they needed to find longitude and pendulum clocks would not work at sea. For every minute lost by a clock, there would be a navigation error of 15 miles. So, anyone who could invent a more accurate clock was offered a reward. In 1761, John Harrison invented a small clock. Sailors used to tell the time using this tiny pocket watch for navigation at sea.Who developed machines and patterns that produced clock parts that were exactly alike?Eli Terry. In the early 1800’s, clocks could be mass-produced. Clock masters could interchange clock parts from one to another. By the midst of the 1800’s, common people used to purchase more than one clock or wristwatch.Who used to wear wristwatches at the dawn of the 20th century?Those days, only women wore wristwatches. That’s not totally true. In the First World War, soldiers used to wear wristwatches because it was almost impossible to take out a pocket watch to check the time in battle.You’re right. What was invented in 1967?The atomic clock was invented. Its error ratio was of one second for every 1.4 million years.But, in 1999, scientists developed the cesium fountain atomic clock, which is off by only one second for every 20 million years.That’s true. This clock is the most accurate in the world.

Teacher:Student 1:

Teacher:Student 2:

Teacher:Student 1:

Teacher:Student 2:

Teacher:Student 1:

Teacher:Student 2:

Teacher:Student 1:Student 2:

Teacher:Student 1:Student 2:

Teacher:

Module 4


Evaluation 1

I. Underline the correct sentence.

1. A. There are no similar stars to the Sun.B. There are only larger stars than the Sun.C. There are other similar stars to the Sun.D. There is one smaller star than the Sun.

2. A. Viewed from the Earth, the Sun and the Moon appear different in size.

B. Viewed from the Earth, the Sun and the Moon appear similar in size.

C. Viewed from the Earth, the Sun is smaller than the Moon.D. Viewed from the Earth, the Sun is larger than the Moon.

3. A. The Sun only emits light and heat.B. The Sun only emits heat.C. The Sun only emits light.D. The Sun also emits a stream of charged particles.

4. A. The Sun will continue to radiate for a long time.B. The Sun´s luminosity will be less than today.C. The Sun won’t radiate much longer.D. The Sun’s output is always constant.

5. A. The solar wind has no effect on the tails of comets.B. The solar wind has some effect on fusion reactions.C. The solar wind affects sunspot activity.D. The solar wind has considerable effects on the tails

of comets.

II. Choose the correct endings for the questions.

1. Is the Sun´s power produced by nuclear ?A. radiationB. fusionC. particleslD. wind

2. Does the Sun emit a low density stream of ?A. lightB. starsC. heatD. particles

3. Does the solar wind have an effect on the tails of ?A. starsB. cometsC. spacecraftsD. power lines

4. Has there ever been a period of very low sunspot ?A. chargeB. heatC. activityD. wind

Just Another Star?

It is often said that the Sun is an “ordinary” star. That’s true in the sense that there are many others similar to it. But there are many smaller stars than larger ones; the Sun is in the top 10% by mass. The median size of stars in our galaxy is probably less than half the mass of the Sun.The Sun is personified in many mythologies: the Greeks called it Helios and the Romans called it Sol.The Sun’s power is produced by nuclear fusion reactions. It just happens that the Moon and the Sun appear the same size in the sky as viewed from the Earth. And since the Moon orbits the Earth in approximately the same plane as the Earth’s orbit around the Sun, sometimes the Moon comes directly between the Earth and the Sun.Solar eclipses happen once or twice a year. If you stay where you are, you’re likely to see a partial eclipse several times per decade. But since the path of totality is so small, it is very unlikely that it will cross you where you are. So, people often travel half way around the world just to see a total solar eclipse.In addition to heat and light, the Sun also emits a low density stream of charged particles, known as the solar wind, which propagates throughout the solar system at about 450 km/sec. The solar wind and the much higher energy particles ejected by solar flares can have dramatic effects on the Earth ranging from power line surges and radio interference to the beautiful Aurora Borealis.The solar wind has considerable effects on the tails of comets and even has measurable effects on the trajectories of spacecraft.The Sun’s output is not entirely constant. Nor is the amount of sunspot activity. There was a period of very low sunspot activity in the latter half of the 17th century called the Maunder Minimum. It coincides with an abnormally cold period in northern Europe sometimes known as the Little Ice Age.It will continue to radiate “peacefully” for another 5 billion years or so, although its luminosity will approximately double in that time.

I. 1 – C, 2 – B, 3 – D, 4 – A, 5 – DII. 1 – B, 2 – D, 3 – B, 4 – C

CORRECT ANSWERS


Evaluation 2

I. Underline the correct words to fill in the gaps in the sentences.

1. When did the first social network site ?A. appearing B. appears C. appear D. appeared

2. Facebook© and Twitter© haven´t always around.A. been B. are C. being D. were

3. Some commercials so professionally that they become a piece of TV art.A. is created B. created C. are created D. are creating

4. If I were extremely rude, they that everyone on Mars is as rude as me.A. would assume B. will assume C. assumed D. assume

5. As consumers, we and manipulated.A. is influenced B. are influenced C. influenced D. being influenced

6. The computer and the food processor overly expensive.A. must B. has to be C. might D. must be

7. The Mesoamerican astronomers-priests a sophisticated knowledge about the periodicity of eclipses.A. achieving B. has achieved C. is achieving D. achieved

8. If I were a millionaire, I homeless children.A. will help B. would help C. helped D. help

9. Who people rely on in the absence of qualified practitioners in medieval times?A. do B. does C. would D. are

10. By the end of the month, you an estimate of your spending habits.A. will have determined B. determines C. will have determine D. will determined

II. Underline the correct sentence.

1. Reported SpeechA. I bought a new car. B. He said that he had bought a new car. C. He bought a new car.

2. Conditional 2A. If you feel sick, see the doctor. B. If I felt sick, I´d see the doctor. C. If I feel sick, I´ll see the doctor.

3. Present Perfect SimpleA. Ben has never been to Italy. B. Ben went to Italy last summer. C. Ben will go to Italy soon.

4. Passive Voice (Simple Past)A. The stethoscope was invented in 1816.B. René Laennec invented the stethoscope.C. The stethoscope is used to listen to sounds produced in the human body.

5. Passive Voice (Simple Present)A. X-rays have smaller wavelengths than ultraviolet waves.B. The most important application of the X-ray has been its use in medicine.C. X-rays are regularly used during dental treatments.

6. Modal verbs for past probabilityA. They might go there soon. B. They might be there. C. They might have gone there.

7. An old habit that stopped in the pastA. She used to smoke. B. She smokes a lot. C. She has smoked many times.

8. Simple PastA. Thomas will be here tomorrow. B. Thomas was here yesterday. C. Thomas has been here before.

9. First ConditionalA. If I won the lottery, I´d be happy. B. I wouldn’t be happy if I won the lottery. C. If I win the lottery, I’ll be happy.

10. Modal verbs for past probabilityA. He could have fixed it. B. He fixed it. C. He might fix it.

I. 1 – C, 2 – A, 3 – C, 4 – A, 5 – B, 6 – D, 7 – D, 8 – B, 9 – C, 10 – AII. 1- B, 2 – B, 3 – A, 4 – A, 5 – C, 6 – C, 7 – A, 8 – B, 9 – C, 10 - A

CORRECT ANSWERS


Evaluation 3

1 – B, 2 – A, 3 – C, 4 – B, 5 – A, 6 – B, 7 – C, 8 – C, 9 – B

CORRECT ANSWERS

Great Skyscrapers!

American architect and engineer, William Le Baron Jenney, pioneered the use of metal-frame construction for large buildings. He used cast-iron columns encased in masonry to support steel beams bearing floor weights. Outside walls could be filled with windows. Jenney’s revolutionary construction method spurred the emergence of skyscrapers.The construction of the Flatiron Building at Fifth Avenue and Twenty-Third Street was finished in 1902. It was Manhattan’s first skyscraper, standing approximately 312 feet tall.In 1930, architect William Van Alen added the art deco to the Chrysler Building. Inspired by cubist art and machine forms, he made the building rise in a series of narrowing arches to the stainless steel spire. His building competed for stature with The Bank of the Manhattan Company at Forty Wall Street. Determined to win the height fight, Van Alen secretly had the spire launched through the finished crest, making his building taller by 121 feet. Its finished height measured 1,048 feet.In 1931, the Empire State Building was completed on Fifth Avenue, between Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Streets, making it the tallest building in the world at the time. Even though it no longer holds the distinction of the tallest building, with its elegant art deco design, the Empire State Building is regarded as the quintessential American skyscraper. It featured prominently in the 1933 movie King Kong, where the creature climbed the Empire State Building.It was 202 feet taller than the Chrysler Building. The structure’s two-year completion was amazing not only because of its height, but also because it was built during the Great Depression.

I. Read the article and choose the correct answers.

1. Where was William Le Baron Jenney from?A. Italy B. USA C. England

2. What type of construction did William Le Baron Jenney pioneer?A. metal-frame B. steel beam C. wood and nails

3. When was the construction of the Flatiron Building at Fifth Avenue and Twenty-Third Street finished?A. in nineteen twenty twelve B. in nineteen twelve C. in nineteen oh two

4. What inspired William Van Alen?A. narrow arches B. cubist art C. stainless steel

5. What construction did the Chrysler Building compete with?A. the bank B. the Empire State Building C. the theater

6. What did Van Alen add to the building to win the height fight?A. the roof B. the spire C. the windows

7. When was the Empire State Building completed?A. in eighteen thirty one B. in nineteen thirteen C. in nineteen thirty one

8. What movie character climbed the Empire State Building?A. Spiderman B. Superman C. King Kong

9. How long did it take to complete the construction of the Empire State Building?A. twelve years B. two years C. three years


Evaluation 4

I. Fill in the gaps using the verb in parenthesis.

1. This topic (explain) by the teacher yesterday. Everyone understood it.

2. Normally, these machines (use) in the laboratory. It would be too dangerous.

3. New medicines (create) in the future. Less people will suffer from incurable diseases.

4. Some scientists suggest that Mars (inhabit) in the past.

5. The running of a quartz clock (base) on the piezoelectric property of the quartz crystal.

6. Sometimes holes (drill) into the ground and pipes lowered into the hot water.

7. Humanoids might (find) on other planets a long time ago.

8. A shadow (cast) as the Sun moved across the sky by the obelisk. It was marked out in sections.

9. ‘Cesium Time Standards’ (incorporate) as the official time keeping system at NIST by 1960.

10. Thousands of web pages (upload) every day.

II. Choose the correct option.

1. Claire: “I met Jake.”A. Claire said that she met Jake. B. Claire said that she had met Jake.

2. Paul: “I´ll take care of my grandmother.”A. Paul said that he would take care of his grandmother. B. Paul said that he will take care of his grandmother.

3. Rose: “My friends trust me.”A. Rose said that her friends trust her. B. Rose said that her friends trusted her.

4. Tim: “I´ve never been to Paris.”A. Tim said that he had never been to Paris. B. Tim said that he has never been to Paris.

5. Neil: “I´m helping Nick.”A. Neil said that he was helping Nick. B. Neil said that he has been helping Nick.

III. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.

1. He´d tell you how beautiful you look if he .A. saw you B. sees you

2. If I found a new job, .A. I´d buy a new car B. I will buy a new car

3. Mandy would hire you if you .A. arrive on time B. arrived on time

4. My students wouldn’t fail the test if .A. they studied harder B. they study harder

5. If Jerry invited me on a date, .A. I won´t go B. I wouldn´t go

6. If my parents left on vacation, .A. I´d invite my friends to come over B. I invite my friends to come over

CORRECT ANSWERS

I. 1 – was explained, 2 – are used, 3 – will be created, 4 – was inhabited, 5 – is based, 6 – are drilled, 7 – have been found, 8 – was cast, 9 – were incorporated, 10 – are uploaded

II. 1 – B, 2 – A, 3 – B, 4 – A, 5 – AIII. 1 – A, 2 – A, 3 – B, 4 – A, 5 – B, 6 – A


Speaking Practice

Test 1Talk for 3 minutes about each photo.Talk for 3 minutes about the differences between the photos.


Speaking Practice



Portfolio and Learning Evidence activities

Project@HandSuggest that some of your social networking friends stop sharing, messaging and posting to each other online for three days. Instead, propose personal interaction activities such as: visiting each other, showing photos, helping with homework and taking care of each other’s needs. Write about the project “Personal Interaction” on the Project Report section pp. 76, 77.

p. 15

Project@HandPrepare the project “Stop Stereotyping!” with your team. Write some steps your team has to follow and report the results.1. Analyze how people base their comments about you on assumptions they have about the group of people that you are part of.2. Ask yourself how true your assumptions were when you finally got to know the individual whom you stereotyped. 3. Determine what causes you to apply the stereotyping criterion that you use.4. Adopt critical thinking and application of actual facts instead of stereotyping people. Write about the project “Stop Stereotyping!” on the Project Report section on pp. 76, 77.Read and discuss the article on www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/problem/stereoty.htm

p. 19

Project@HandVisit http://freerice.com/#/english-vocabulary/1988 and donate 10 grains of rice for each question that you answer correctly.Organize a trip to an orphanage or an asylum. Organize your classmates to ask for or to bring the necessary things to donate to the less fortunate.Write about the project “My Charity” on the Project Report section on pp. 76, 77.

p. 33


p. 35

Project@HandIn teams, conduct research on two credit cards offered by different banks. Compare their fees, interest rates, benefits, theft protection service and credit monitoring.Choose the card you would use and explain your choice.Write about the project “Credit Cards” on the Project Report section on sheet pp. 76, 77.

p. 31

Project@HandMake a shopping list. Visit a local supermarket with your team. Find the brands of the products that aren’t familiar to you and your teammates. Cross from your shopping list the products that you buy without being influenced by commercials or advertisement. Notice how easy or difficult it is for your team to find “unknown” brands and to buy them.Write about the project “The Influence of Advertising” on the Project Report section pp. 76, 77.

p. 17

Project@HandCollect examples of ads that you like and dislike. Pay attention to TV and web ads. Pay particular attention to facts and unsupported claims in them. Discuss what you like and dislike about the ads you’ve collected or watched.Look for and bring to class printed ads that you think are fraudulent or misleading. Discuss what misleading techniques are used in each of them.In groups, research a product or service. Prepare a “commercial” for that product or service, using some of the discussed appeals or techniques.

p. 20

p. 36

WEB SEARCHVisit

www.mexicoamigo.organd learn about charity work that

this organization does.What type of charity does the

organization promote?Read about the history of the

organization.Create a draft for a website which

would help promote your charity organization.


Project@HandThis project is about doing research and visiting different medical specialists. In teams, interview five different medical specialists to find out what medical advancements they wouldn’t be able to do without. Complete the chart based on your interviews.

Can’t do without

Can do without

Most important

Least important

In the past Dr… would

Write about the project “Medical Advancements” on the Project Report section on pp. 76, 77.

p. 49Project@HandThe project is about developing watchfulness and teamwork. It will require patience and will from you and your teammates.Visit http://school.discoveryeducation.com/schooladventures/skywatch/howto/observationtips.html to find out about sky watching tips and astronomical terms. After a week of observations, complete the sky watch form together with your team.Write about the project “Astronomy” on the Project Report section pp. 76, 77.

p. 47

Project@HandThis project is about saving energy in your school. Each week you can choose an energy monitor who will make sure energy is being used properly. The energy monitor will turn off the lights during recess and after class. You can make “Turn It Off” signs and hang them above the light switches as reminders for yourself and others. You can make sure your classmates recycle all aluminum cans and plastic bottles, and that the school is recycling as much paper as possible.Write about the project “Saving Energy” on the Project Report section on pp. 76, 77.

p. 65

Project@HandPair up for an experiment. One partner will go for a whole weekend or vacation day without a watch or clock. He or she will not be permitted to use any means to help find the time of day. As the day starts and progresses, that partner will periodically tell the other what time he or she thinks it is. The other partner will record the estimates and also the actual time each estimate is made. On a subsequent weekend or vacation day, the partners will switch places. Was it difficult to be without an instrument to measure time? Why or why not?Write about the project “No Clocks” on the Project Report section on pp. 76, 77.

p. 67

Project@HandNASA developed a three-phase strategy (reconnaissance, surveillance, in-depth study) for scientific exploration of celestial bodies. Learn about past missions to Mars, what discoveries were made on each mission, and what questions were raised by each mission.Your teammates should work together to produce a report on their findings. Visit http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/programmissions/ for help.Write about the project “Missions to Mars” on the Project Report section on pp. 76, 77.

p. 63

Project@HandGather information about your ancestors to create a family tree. Find out how their behavior, physical appearance and personal qualities are similar to yours. Taking into consideration the information you gathered, predict what characteristics your children would inherit.Share your findings with your teammates and find out what physical or behavioral characteristics you have in common.Write about the project “Tracking My Genes” on the Project Report section on pp. 76, 77.

p. 51

p. 53

WEB SEARCHVisit

http://www.wikihow.com/Write-a-Formal-Email

and learn how to write a formal e-mail letter. Read the sample

e-mails provided on the site and choose one to use as a model for

your e-mail writing practice.

p. 69WEB SEARCH

Visithttp://www.how-to-write-a-

book-now.com/plot-outline.htmland learn how to create a plot

outline.


The list of common words in American and British English

American English

apartmentargumentbaby carriageband-aidbathroomcanchopped beefcookiecorndiaperelevatoreraserflashlightfriesgasguyhighway

British English

flatrowpramplasterWC or lootinminced beefbiscuitmaizenappyliftrubbertorchchipspetrolchapmotorway

American English

hoodjellojellykerosenelawyerlicense platelinemailmotor homemovie theatermufflernapkinnothingoverpasspacifierpantsparking lot

British English

bonnetjellyjamparafinsolicitornumber platequeuepostcaravancinemasilencerserviettenaughtflyoverdummytrouserscar park

American English

periodpharmacistpotato chipsrentsausagesidewalksoccersweatersubwaytrash cantruck(car) trunkvacationvest(car) windshieldzip code

British English

full stopchemistcrispshirebangerpavementfootballjumpermetro / tubebinlorrybootholidaywaistcoatwindscreenpostal code

American vs. British English

Understanding American English

• Use last names with people you do not know. Address people using their title (Mr., Ms., Dr.) and their last names.• Always use “Ms.” when addressing women: It is important to use “Ms.” when addressing a woman. Only use “Mrs.” when

the woman has asked you to do so!• Many Americans prefer first names: Americans often prefer using first names, even when dealing with people in very

different positions. Americans will generally say, “Call me Jack.” and then expect you to remain on a first name basis.• Americans prefer informal: in general, Americans prefer informal greetings and using first names or nicknames when

speaking with colleagues and acquaintances.

Common spelling differences between American and British English

American British

color colour

favorite favourite

honor honour

catalog catalogue

center centre

theater theatre

meter metre

check cheque

program programme

Lin t5 s_book

Technology

Transcript of Lin t5 s_book