As per MSBTE ‘ I’ Scheme Revised syllabus w.e.f. 2017-18

Basic Science (BSC-22102)

For

First Year Diploma Course in Engineering

(Common for all branches)

SEMESTER – I

Prof. P. D. Korde M.Sc., M.Phil.(Physics)

Savitribai Phule Pune University,

Lecturer, Science Department,

Ekalavya Polytechnic,Pune

Prof. A. R. Maner M. Tech. (Electronics)

(I.I.T. New Delhi),

Principal, Satara Polytechnic Satara.

Prof. M. D. Thorat M.Sc.(Inorganic Chemistry) B.Ed.

Lecturer, Science Department,

K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Nashik

Prof. Mohd. Junaid M.Sc.(Organic Chemistry)

Lecturer,

Sandip Polytechnic, Nashik

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Basic Science (BSC - 22102) © All rights reserved with the Authors.

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First Edition : 2017

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Preface

This Book 'Basic Science' is intended to be a textbook for students of First Year Engi-

neering Diploma of MSBTE. In most sciences, one generation years down what another has

built and what one has established another undoes. In Basic Science, each generation adds a

new story to the old structure. Keeping this in mind, this book is written to have a better intro-

duction of the Basic Science. This book is presented with simple but exact explanation of sub-

ject matter, application of each topic to real life, engineering problems, large number of illustra-

tive examples followed by well graded exercise. We have tried to be rigorous and precise in

presenting the concepts in very simple manner. We hope that the students will not only learn

some powerful concepts, but also will develop their ability to understand the concept and apply

it properly to solve engineering problems. We feel that faculty member will also enjoy reading

this book which is enriched with application of each topic.

Acknowledgment

We express our sincere thanks to Shri Babanrao Dhakne Honorable chairman of

Ekalavya Shikshan Sanstha’s Polytechnic Pune., Shri B.M. Khade CEO Ekalavya Shikshan

Sanstha’s Polytechnic Pune, Shri A. L. Pisal Principal of Eklavya Shikshan Sanstha’s Poly-

technic Pune & Staff members of Ekalavya Polytechnic for their Corporation.

Shri Balasaheb Wagh Honorable chairman of K. K. Wagh Education Society, Prof. P.

T. Kadave, Principal of K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Prof. Y. P. Mahajan, Head of Science De-

partment, K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Prof. P. N. Patil, Principal of Sandip Polytechnic, Prof. S.A

Jadhav, Head of Science Department Sandip Polytechnic. We would also like thank our de-

partment colleagues for their suggestions and timely help.

Any suggestions for the improvement of this book will be sincerely acknowledged and

incorporated in the next edition.

We are also thankful to Gigatech Publishing House TEAM for their continuous

support, hard work and patience in preparing this book.

SYLLABUS The following topics/subtopics should be taught and assessed in order to develop LOs in

cognitive domain for achieving the COs to attain the identified competency.

Unit Major Learning Outcomes

(in cognitive domain)

Topics and Sub-topics

Physics

Unit – I

Units and

Measurements

1a. Describe the concept of given

physical quantities with rel-

evant unit of measurement.

1b. Explain various systems of

units and its need for the

measurement of the given

physical quantites.

1c. Determine the dimensions of

the given physical quantites.

1d. State the error in the given

measurement with justifica-

tion.

1.1 Unit, physical quantities :

fundamental and derived

quantities and their units.

1.2 Systems of unit : CGS, MKS,

FPS and SI.

1.3 Dimensions, dimensional

formula.

1.4 Errors, types of errors :

instrumental, systematic

and random error, estima-

tion of errors : absolute,

relative and percentage

error, significant figures.

Unit– II

Electricity, Mag-

netism and Sem-

iconductors

2a. Calculate electric field, po-

tential and potential differ-

ence of the given static

charge.

2b. Describe the concept of given

magnetic intensity and flux

with relevant units.

2c. Explain the heating effect of

the given electric current.

2d. Apply laws of series and par-

allel combination in the giv-

en electric circuits.

2e. Distinguish the given con-

ductors, semiconductors and

insulators on the basis of en-

ergy bands.

2f. Explain the I – V characteris-

tics and applications of the

given p-n junction diodes.

2.1 Concept of charge, Cou-

lomb’s inverse square law,

Electric field, Electric field

intensity, potential and po-

tential difference.

2.2 Magnetic field and magnet-

ic field intensity and its

units, magnetic lines of

force, magnetic flux.

2.3 Electric current, Ohm’s

law, specific resistance,

laws of series and parallel

combination of resistance,

heating effecting of electric

current.

2.4 Conductors, Insulators and

Semiconductors, Energy

bands, intrinsic and ex-

trinsic semiconductors.

2.5 p-n junction diode, I-V

characteristics of p-n junc-

tion, applications of p-n

junction diode.

Unit– III

Heat and Optics

3a. Convert the given tempera-ture in different temperature scales.

3b. Describe the properties of the given good and bad con-ductors of heat.

3c. Relate the characteristics of the three gas laws.

3d. Determine the relation be-tween specific heats for the given materials.

3e. Distinguish the phenomena of total internal reflection for the given mediums.

3f. Describe light propagation in the given type of optical fi-ber.

3.1 Heat, temperature, tem-perature scales.

3.2 Models of transfer of heat, good and bad conductors of heat, law of thermal conductivity.

3.3 Boyle’s law, Charle’s law, Gay Lussac’s law, perfect gas equation.

3.4 Specific heat of gas at con-stant pressure and volume (Cp and Cv), ratio of specific heats.

3.5 Reflection, refraction, laws of refraction, total internal reflection.

3.6 Optical fiber : Principle, construction and path of light through optical fiber, applications of optical fi-bers.

Chemistry

Unit-IV Chemical bond-

ing and Catalysis

4a. Explain the properties of given material based on the bond formation.

4b. Describe the molecular structure of given solid, liq-uid and gases.

4c. Describe the crystal struc-ture of the given solids.

4d. Select the relevant catalyst for given application.

4.1 Electronic theory of valen-cy, chemical bonds : types and characteristics, elec-trovalent bond, covalent bond, coordinate bond, hydrogen bond, metallic bond, metallic properties, intermolecular force of at-traction.

4.2 Molecular arrangement in solid, liquid and gases.

4.3 Structure of solids : crystal-line and amorphous solid, properties of metallic sol-ids-, unit cell – of simple cubic, body centre cubic, face centre cubic, hexago-nal close pack crystals.

4.4 Catalysis : Types of cataly-sis, Catalyst, Types of Cata-lyst, Positive Catalyst, Neg-ative Catalyst, Auto – cata-lyst, Catalytic Promoter and Catalytic inhibitor, In-dustrial Application of Cat-alyst.

Unit –V

Metal Corrosion, its prevention

and Electro-chemistry

5a. Describe the phenomenon of the given type of corrosion and its prevention.

5b. Identify the different factors affecting rate of corrosion for the given type of materi-al.

5c. Select the protective measures to prevent the cor-rosion in the given corrosive medium.

5d. Differentiate the salient fea-tures of the given electrolytic cell and electrochemical cell.

5e. Distinguish the given prima-ry and secondary electrolytic cells.

5f. Describe the process of elec-trolysis for the given electro-lyte.

5g. Describe the process of elec-troplating of the given mate-rial.

5.1 Corrosion : Types of corro-sion – Dry corrosion, Wet corrosion. Oxidation cor-rosion (Atmospheric cor-rosion due to oxygen gas), mechanism, Types of oxide film, Wet corrosion mech-anism (Hydrogen evolu-tion in acidic medium)

5.2 Concentration cell corro-sion – oxygen absorption mechanism in neutral or alkaline medium, Pitting corrosion, Waterline cor-rosion, Crevice corrosion.

5.3 Factors affecting the rate of corrosion control : Mod-ification of environment, Use of protective coatings – coating of less active metal like Tin (Tinning), coating of more active metal like Zinc (Galvaniz-ing), Anodic and cathodic protection, Choice of mate-rial-using pure metal and using metal alloys.

5.4 Electrolyte – strong and weak, Non-Electrolyte, Electrolyte cell, Electro-chemical cell. Cathode, An-ode, Electrode potential – oxidation and reduction, Construction and working of Daniel cell Ionisation and dissociation.

5.5 Faradays first and second law.

5.6 Primary cell and second-ary cell Electrolysis - Mechanism, Electroplating and electro-refining of copper.

Unit-VI Paints, Varnishes, Insu-lators, Polymer, Adhesives and

Lubricants

6a. Identify the in grdients of the given paints.

6b. Differentiate salient proper-ties of the given paint and varnish.

6c. Describe the properties of insulating materials for the given application.

6d. Differentiate the given types of structural polymers.

6e. Describe the polymerization process of the given poly-mer.

6f. Explain the properties and uses of the given polymer, elastomer and adhesive.

6g. Describe the application of relevant adhesives required for the given material.

6h. Explain the properties of given type of lubricants.

6.1 Paints : Purpose of apply-ing paint, Characteristics of paints, Ingredients of paints, Function and Ex-amples of each ingredients.

6.2 Varnish : Types, Differ-ence between paints and varnishes.

6.3 Insulators : Characteris-tics, Classification, Proper-ties and Application of Glass wool, Thermo Cole.

6.4 Polymer and Monomer, Classification : on the basis of Molecular structure, on the basis of monomers (homo polymer and copol-ymer), on the basis of Thermal behavior (Ther-moplastics and Thermoset-ting)

6.5 Types Polymerization Re-action, Addition Polymeri-zation, Condensation Polymerization, Synthesis, properties and application of Polyethylene, Polyvinyl chloride, Teflon, Polysty-rene, Phenol formalde-hyde, Epoxy Resin.

6.6 Adhesives : Characteris-tics, Classification and their uses

6.7 Lubricants : Classification, properties and applica-tions.

Suggested Specification Table for Question Paper Design:

Unit

No. Unit Title

Teaching

Hours

Distribution of Theory Marks

R

Level

U

Level

A

Level

Total

Marks

Physics

I Units and Measure-

ments 06 02 03 - 05

II

Electricity, Mag-

netism and Semicon-

ductors

14 03 05 08 16

III Heat and Optics 12 03 05 06 14

Chemistry

IV Chemical bonding

and Catalysis 08 02 03 04 09

V

Metal Corrosion,

prevention and Elec-

trochemistry

12 03 04 05 12

VI

Paints, Varnishes,

Insulators, Polymer

Adhesives and Lubri-

cants

12 03 05 06 14

Total 64 16 25 29 70

Legends:

R=Remember, U=Understand, A=Apply and above (Bloom’s Revised taxonomy)

Note:

This specification table provides general guidelines to assist student for their learning

and to teachers to teach and assess students with respect to attainment of LOs. The actual

distribution of marks at different taxonomy levels (of R, U and A) in the question paper

may vary from above table.

Recommended by MSBTE Text Books and Reference Books

Text Books :

Sr. No. Title of Book Author Publication

1 Physics Textbook

Part I – Class XI

Narlikar, J.V.; Joshi, A.

W.; Mathur, Anuradha; et

al

National Council of Education Re-

search and Training, New Delhi,

2010, ISBN : 8174505083

2 Physics Textbook

Part II – Class XI

Narlikar, J.V.; Joshi,

A.W.;Mathur, Anuradha;

et al

National Council of Education Re-

search and Training, New Delhi,

2015, ISBN : 8174505660

3 Physics Textbook

Part I – Class XII

Narlikar, J.V.; Joshi, A.W.;

Ghatak A. K. et al

National Council of Education Re-

search and Training, New Delhi,

2013, ISBN : 8174506314

4 Physics Textbook

Part II – Class XII

Narlikar, J.V.; Joshi, A.W.;

Ghatak A.K. et al

National Council of Education Re-

search and Training, New Delhi,

2013, ISBN : 8174506713

5 Fundamentals of Physics Haliday, David ; Resnik,

Robert and Walker, Jearl

John Wiley and sons, Hoboken,

USA, 2014 ISBN : 812650823X

6 Engineering Chemistry Jain and Jain Dhanpat Rai and sons ; New Delhi,

2015, ISBN : 9352160002

7 Engineering Chemistry Dara, S. S. S. Chand. Publication, New Delhi,

2013, ISBN : 8121997658

8 Fundamental of electro-

chemistry

Bagotsky V.S. Wiley International N. J., 2005,

ISBN : 9780471700586.

Software/Learning Websites :

1. http:/nptel.ac.in/course.php?disciplineId=115

2. http:/nptel.ac.in/course.php?disciplinedId=104

3. http://hperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html

4. www.physicsclassroom.com

5. www.physics.org

6. www.fearofphysics.com.

7. www.sciencejoywagon.com/physicszone

8. www.science.howstuffworks.com

9. https://phet.colorado.edu

10. www.chemistryteaching.com

11. www.visionlearning.com

12. www.chem1.com

13. www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

14. www.rsc.org

15. www.chemcollective.org

Gigatech Publishing House

Igniting Minds

CONTENTS UNIT : I - PHYSICS .

1. Units and Measurements 1.1 – 1.14

1.1 Introduction and Need of Measurements in Engineering and Science

1.1.1 Introduction

1.1.2 Need for Measurement

1.1.3 Unit for Measurement

1.1.4 Requirements of Standard (Ideal) Unit (characteristics of a standard unit)

1.1.5 Fundamental quantities and units

1.1.6 Derived Units

1.1.7 Systems of Units

1.2 Accuracy and Errors in Measurement

1.2.1 Significant Figures

1.2.2 Rules for Determining the Significant Figures

1.2.3 Rules for Calculations

1.3 Dimensions of Physical Quantity and Dimensional Formulae

1.4 Error and Classification of Errors

1.4.1 Estimation of Errors

UNIT : II - PHYSICS.

2. Electrostatics and Electric Potential 2.1 – 2.10

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Concept of Charge

2.3 Coulomb’s Inverse Square Law

2.4 Electric Field

2.5 Potential Difference

2.6 Electric Potential

3. Current Electricity 3.1 – 3.14

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Electric Current

3.2.1 Definition

3.3 Resistance (R), Specific Resistance

3.3.1 Resistance Depends on Following Factors

3.3.2 Specific Resistance () or Resistivity

3.4 Ohm’s Law

3.5 Circuit Diagram of Verification of Ohm’s Law (Voltmeter- Ammeter Method)

3.6 Direct Current Circuits (Resistors in Series)

3.6.1 Series Combination of Resistances

3.7 Parallel Combination of Resistances

3.7.1 Resistors in Parallel

First Year (Diploma) (Sem. I) Basic Science 2 Contents

Gigatech Publishing House

Igniting Minds

4. Magnetism 4.1 – 4.03

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Magnetic Field, Magnetic Intensity

4.3 Magnetic Lines of Force

4.4 Comparison between Electric Field and Magnetic Field

5. Semiconductor Theory and Junction Diode 5.1 – 5.16

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Definition Semiconductor

5.3 Band Theory or Formation of Energy Bands

5.3.1 Band Gap : (Energy Gap / Forbidden Gap)

5.3.2 Valance Band

5.3.3 Conduction Band

5.4 Band Diagrams Conductor, Insulator, Semiconductors

5.4.1 Conductor

5.4.2 Insulator

5.4.3 Semiconductor

5.4.4 Energy Band Structure of a Semiconductor

5.4.5 Classification of Materials into Conductors, Semiconductor and Insulators on the

Basis of Band Theory

5.5 Intrinsic Semiconductor

5.6 Extrinsic (Doping or Impure) Semiconductor

5.6.1 Doping of Pure Semiconductor

5.7 Junction Diode

5.7.1 Formation of p-n Junction

5.7.2 Forward Biased p-n Junction Diode

5.7.3 Reversed Biased p-n Junction Diode

UNIT : III - PHYSICS.

6. Heat 6.1 – 6.16

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Internal Energy

6.3 Temperature

6.4 Temperature Scales or Units of Temperature

6.5 Heat

6.6 Units of Heat

6.7 Difference between Heat and Temperature

6.8 Calorie

6.9 Absolute Zero Temperature (0°K)

6.10 Modes of Transfer of Heat-conduction

6.10.1 Good Conductors

First Year (Diploma) (Sem. I) Basic Science 3 Contents

Gigatech Publishing House

Igniting Minds

6.11 Convection

6.12 Convection Power Tower

6.13 Radiation

6.14 Law of Thermal Conductivity

6.14.1 Thermal Conductivity (K)

6.15 Heating Effect of Electric Current or Joule’s Heating Effect

6.15.1 Joule’s Heating Effect

6.15.2 Applications of Joule’s Heating Effect

6.16 Joule’s Law

7. Gas Laws and Specific Heats of Gases 7.1 – 7.18

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Gas Laws

7.3 Absolute Zero (00K) Temperature

7.4 Absolute or Kelvin Scale of Temperature

7.5 Gas Equation or Ideal Gas Equation

7.6 Universal Gas Constant

7.7 Specific Heats of a Gas

7.8 Specific Heat of a Gas at Constant Volume (Cv)

7.9 Specific Heat of a Gas at Constant Pressure (Cp)

7.10 Ratio of two Specific Heats of a Gas

7.11 Relation between Cp and Cv (Mayor’s Relation)

7.12 Important Formulae

8. Optics : Reflection of Light 8.1 – 8.19

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Reflection of Light

8.2.1 Regular Reflection

8.3 Properties of Light

8.3.1 Reflection

8.4 Refraction of Light

8.4.1 Angle of Refraction

8.4.2 Snell’s Law of Refraction

8.4.3 Laws of Refraction

8.4.4 Refractive Index

8.5 Introduction to Total Internal Reflection

8.5.1 Total Internal Reflection Concept

8.6 Application of Total Internal Reflection

8.7 Important Formulae

First Year (Diploma) (Sem. I) Basic Science 4 Contents

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9. Fibre Optics 9.1 – 9.05

9.1 Introduction to Optical Fibre

9.2 Principle of Optical Fibre

9.2.1 Fibre optic cables

9.3 Structure of Optical Fibres

9.4 Propagation in Optical Fibres

9.5 Acceptance Angle (a)

9.6 Summary of Terms

UNIT : IV – CHEMISTRY .

10. Chemical Bonding and Catalysis 10.1 – 10.12

10.1 Electronic Theory of Valency

10.2 Molecular Arrangements

10.3 Structures of Solids

10.4 Catalysis

UNIT : V – CHEMISTRY .

11. Metal Corrosion, its Prevention and 11.1 – 11.21

Electrochemistry

11.1 Corrosion

11.2 Mechanism of Electrochemical Corrosion

11.3 Factors Affecting Rate of Corrosion

11.4 Electrolyte

11.5 Faradays First and Second Law

11.6 Primary Cell

UNIT : VI – CHEMISTRY.

12. Paints, Varnishes, Insulators, Polymer, 12.1 – 12.27

Adhesives and Lubricants

12.1 Paints

12.2 Varnishes

12.3 Insulators

12.4 Polymers

12.5 Types of Polymerization Reaction

12.6 Adhesives

MCQs Physics P.1 – P.13

MCQs Chemistry C.1 – C.14

Unit – I

Units and Measurements

Chapter No. Chapter Name

1. Units and Measurements

Physics Unit I to III

Basic Science Semester I (Common forall branches)

Publisher : Gigatech PublishingHouse

ISBN : 9788193414095Author : P D Korde, A RManer, M D Thorat AndMohd Junaid

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