LIGHTING The technique of adding light and color to a scene.
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Transcript of LIGHTING The technique of adding light and color to a scene.
LightingLighting
• Approach:• Consider the effect you want to
achieve... bright & open, dark & mysterious, shadowy and intimate, 'natural,’ soft/harsh
• then devise a method for achieving it.
Other factors Other factors
• talent movement (sitcoms lit bright to accommodate movement on 'stage'... lighting generally not key to story)\
• type of production - hard news, magazine/depth interview style, narrative
Lighting Units (fixtures, housings)
Lighting Units (fixtures, housings)
• General categories of lights:
• Spots - focused beam, bright, intense, adjustable
• Floods- softer, more diffuse beam, sometimes adjustable, sometimes not
Fresnel (freh-NEL)Fresnel (freh-NEL)
• Very common studio and field light
• Adjustable bulb - slides back and forth within the light housing
• Special lens at front of light - circular pattern adds both focus and diffusion to the light beam
External reflector spotExternal reflector spot
• "field" light w/moveable bulb• Very common in field production
• 1000W Lowel DP Light • Chimera Soft Box
• 650W fotolite• Barn doors
• 250W Lowel Pro Light• Umbrella mount
FloodFlood
• diffused light, reduces/fills shadows
• scrim can be added to increase diffusion
• Scoop -fixed" bulb, soft light• Broadlight - "box" shaped, may have
many lamps, used in studio or field.• Lowel Tota light - 650W
• Often used w/umbrella• Built-in barn doors (2, not 4)
Elements (bulbs)Elements (bulbs)
• INCANDESCENT - typical light bulbs, yellowish color
• QUARTZ/HALOGEN - very bright and hot• 3200K• - handle w/care: use gloves, oils from
hands can ruin bulb• HMI - halogen-metal-iodine -
5600K• bluish light, not common
Mounting devicesMounting devices
• Lighting grid - mounted on ceiling, 12-20 feet high (studio only)
• C-clamp (studio) - connects to grid
• Light stands (field) - tip easily, use sandbags if possible, be careful when extending fully
• Various field light clamps - ceiling clips, door mounts...
Brightness control Brightness control
• Studio lighting control panel - all lighting inputs controlled from panel
• Dimmers - in-line power controls which enable lights to be dimmed (make sure light wattage doesn't exceed dimmer capacity [e.g., 600 watts])
Diffusion devicesDiffusion devices
• Goal - soften light and shadows, reduce harshness
• Reflector umbrella - light faces away from the camera, bounces off of umbrella (think 'senior portrait').
• Soft box - nylon box mounts to lighting unit with a wire frame, white material softens light
• Diffusion gels - different materials which soften light, connected with clothes pins or gel frame
Diffusion continuedDiffusion continuedDiffusion continuedDiffusion continued
• Bounce light off the ceiling/wallBounce light off the ceiling/wall to to create a diffused light on the subject.create a diffused light on the subject.
• Bounce-fillsBounce-fills - white/gold nylon on - white/gold nylon on expandable frames to bounce light onto expandable frames to bounce light onto fill side of subject. Very useful in the fill side of subject. Very useful in the sun or with only one light.sun or with only one light.• -- put bounce on opposite side of put bounce on opposite side of
key lightkey light
• -- use a C-stand if possibleuse a C-stand if possible
Diffusion continuedDiffusion continued
• Silks/scrims (some bounce fills can do this too)
• Reduce the amount of sunlight falling on talent (creates shade) a C-stand if possible
Direction controlDirection control
• Barn doors - fit onto lighting unit, help "shape" light
• Snoot - same, circular pattern ('coffee can' on front of light helps really narrow beam)
Gels Gels
• colored acetate mounted on front of light
• adds color to light
• can be used to 'correct' color (turn tungsten to daylight temp or vice versa)• CTO - orange, makes daylight warmer• CTB - blue, makes lighting units match
sunlight
LIGHTING TECHNIQUELIGHTING TECHNIQUE
• 3-POINT LIGHTING - basic method• KEY LIGHT - main light source on subject• focused, tight beam • creates strong shadow• vertical angle: 30-40 degrees• too low - reflection, shadows on wall• too high - shadows on face• side angle: 15-30 deg. to side of camera• Instruments - Fresnel, ellipsoidal,
external reflector
3-Point Lighting cont’d.3-Point Lighting cont’d.
• FILL LIGHT - soft, diffused,• - opposite side of camera from key
light• - removes shadows from KEY• Elements: scoop, broad, flooded
Fresnel or external reflector w/diffusion
• One person's key can be another's fill.
3-Point Lighting cont’d.3-Point Lighting cont’d.
• BACK LIGHT lights the back of the subject
• highlights edges, back, hair• separates subject from the
background• higher angle than others - 45-50 deg.• so it won't spill into camera lens• can be mounted low (rim light)
OTHER LIGHTING TECHNIQUESOTHER LIGHTING TECHNIQUES
• BACKGROUND lighting • - lights the 'background'• - be selective and careful, light
separately• - color helps separate subject from
background• - gobos, 'cookies' can shape light,
add patterns to light
OTHER LIGHTING TECHNIQUESOTHER LIGHTING TECHNIQUES
• KICKER - low level light, lights specific item or area on set
• Trend is toward lower overall light levels, more naturalistic lighting
Some basic lighting suggestions:
Some basic lighting suggestions:
1. Be very aware of the direction, color and intensity of light when setting up on location.
• Where is the light coming from? • Can it be controlled, eliminated?• What color is it? Is outside light
bleeding in? What can we do about it? • Is light too intense? Too soft? How can
this be adjusted?
Some basic lighting suggestions:
Some basic lighting suggestions:
2. Don't set lights until camera position and talent position have been determined. Don't set camera and talent until lighting issues have been considered.
3. Make sure you look through the viewfinder when determining proper light levels (don't just use your eyes).
Some basic lighting suggestions:
Some basic lighting suggestions:
4. Do NOT plug lights and cameras into the same outlets. Buzz/hum.
5. Never plug a light in with the switch in the ON position (ALWAYS turn lights off before plugging in).
6. Warn people that you are turning lights on so that they don't get 'blinded' by the light. “STRIKING!”
Some basic lighting suggestions:
Some basic lighting suggestions:
7. Use gloves to handle lights once they have been turned on - housings get very hot very fast.
8. Never touch the bulbs with bare hands, oils will cause them to break.