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LIGHTING

Muhammad Omer Khan

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CHAPTER OBJECTIVES

Explore the Properties of light;

Understand the Traditions and Options for

creative Lighting Design; Survey Equipment used to Supply and

Control light;

Achieve a Foundation to Translate yourconcepts to screen through Lightingdesign.

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ELEMENTS OF LIGHTING

Amount Footcandle

Lux (10.75 lux in one footcandle) Inverse square ruleDirectionThrow of the lightQuality Incident light Diffused light

Color

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LIGHTING INSTRUMENTS

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MODELING LIGHT

Three-Point Lighting

Key light

Fill light

Back light

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MODELING LIGHT

Four-Point Lighting

Background light

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LIGHTING DESIGN

Base illumination

Available light

Motivating light Practical lights

Spill

Eye light

Kicker light

Contrast ratios

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COLOR

Visible light

Starts at 700 nanometers andends at 400 nanometers

Color affects mood

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COLOR

COLOR THEORY Subtractive color

Primary colors:Yellow, Cyan, and

Magenta

Additive color Primary colors in

light:

Blue, Red, and Green

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COLOR

COMPLEMENTARY COLORS

Yellow for Blue

Cyan for Red

Magenta for Green

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COLOR

COLOR

TEMPERATURE

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COLOR

Mixed Lighting

Filter the windows with orange gel

Filter the artificial lights with blue gel

Use HMI lights, which are balanced tomatch daylight

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LIGHT METERS

Reflected light meters

Incident light meter

Light meters need to know Camera shutter speed

Exposure index (EI)

Amount of light

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EXTERNAL MONITORS

Field monitor

Waveform monitor

Vectorscope

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FILTERS

Lighting Filters Diffusion filters Color correction filters Special effects color filter

Camera Filters Ultraviolet filter (UV) Neutral density filter

Polarizing filter Special effects filters Graduated filters

Postproduction Filtering

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LIGHTING ACCESSORIES

Scrims

Dots

Cucoloris Umbrellas

Reflector boards and bounce cards

Grip stands

Gator grips

Gaffer tape

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POWER AND SAFETY

A/C current

15 Amp circuit running 120 volts can

power about 1,440 wattsGenerators

Batteries

Secure cables

Keep light stands and productiongear out of traffic

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THE LIGHTING TEAM

Director ofphotography

Gaffer

Best boy

Grips

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EXTERIOR LIGHTING

Reflectors and bounce cards

Magic hour

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CREATIVE APPROACHES

High-key lighting

Low-key lighting

Pools of light

Shafts of light

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SAMPLE EXERCISES

1. Try a Three-Point lighting set-up and record thedesign onVideotape. Add a background light toexpand the experiment to a four-point lightingscheme.

2. Light a human subject Three Different Ways.For each of the three set-ups try to achieve afeeling that matches the artistic styles ofRealism,Expressionism and Impressionism.

3. Spend a day shooting test footage of an OutdoorEnvironment. Document how the light changesThroughout the day.