Lighting Against Crime

7/27/2019 Lighting Against Crime

1/17

1

lightingagainst crimea guide for crimereduction Professionals


2/17

32

contents

introductiongood lighting

How mucH ligHt

ExtErior DomEstic ligHting

commErcial ligHting

inDustrial ligHting

Public sPacEs

roaD ligHting

closED circuit tElEvision

variablE ligHting

light distriButionuniformity

isolux Diagram (lux Plans)

colour of lightcolour aPPEarancE

colour rEnDEring (ra)

light PollutionwHat is ligHt Pollution?

How to rEDucE ligHt Pollution

EnvironmEntal ZonEs

energY efficiencY

lamP tyPEs anD tHEir lumEnsPEr watt

glossarY

aPPendiX

4

6

20

22

24

26

27

30


3/17

54

introduction

54

we ke ee e, d pke e e ee h e e e; de e h pp h p hhe epe de d pe ee pde he pppe hd hee e e, k d p.

th de e he, de, pe,pe e he ee de eh ee k h d eed kede he je de eh e dee e

deepe pepe e h. teedh pee he ee pe edee d he e e d de pe d h e e, he d ee pde hhe q he ee.

De ppe d heek pepe e he peee edpe d h de e ed eh d d e eee he h e h ke he p e.

Pee Kece Pee De ad

mep Pe

forewordth de pde he ede h ded e he e edhe d ee h e d heeeded ee ed e, he e e d eh.

epe he epee qed lhEee hep he ee pp e pped h e.

thh he de he e gd lh e ed ep he eqee hh

q h h eee, eed h pppe e e, d ee.

seed De seed De pee ee he d d dp e pee ee he de deepe ed he pp e d he e e, e e d eee ee. seed De ed he a che Pe oe d hhe pp he He oe ce red dc se gp d he Depe ce d l gee.

th gde ped d e Pee Ke,ce Pee De ad, mep Pe.

acPo seed De d ke kedeh e hk Jh be the ie lh Pe h pded he ehde h p d pped he ehh.


4/17

76

gd h qe d he de he e.

a d h e e deed de pppe h ee h uve eee 0.25 d 0.40 p h e 60 he c rede ide.gd h e ee ee p e e. thee e e ped e h p pde hhq e he d hee eqed.

the de eped:

1. a apppe a lhwhee he ee pded pppe he k e deked e he ee d he e.

2. u (u)the ee d h he ee ed.

3. c redethe h h he je e he e , he d e pe.

4. c rede ide (cri)the ehd ed de he edeppee p h e cri0 cri 100 (hee cri 100 epee he ede qe d e dh)

5. lh Pwhee he h e e he de ed.

6. Ee Eethe h eqpe peed k ee e he ee ee ed.

the e pde de he dh pe h e d he ehded ee he ee e.

gd h ee h e pppe he e h he pe

p

good lighting

a d , ede d ee

ee p

a ee hee h pe ee e,

e d dee e

th epe h he pp pppe h


5/17

98

eXterior domesticlightingd p

GOOD

Low wattage lamps

Dusk to dawn lighting

Vandal resistant luminaires

Appropriate lighting values

Twin level illuminance luminaires

Minimum 2.4m mounting height

BAD

High wattage lamps

Passive Infra Red detection (PIR)

Low mounting heights

Incorrect alignment of luminaires

Poor maintenance regime

the e bd c re d thece nehhd d Ee a 2005 e deed he de h e ede d he pe deepe dp he ee e e qed pped 1 h de. wh pp e dpje, he ppe pke he ee ee h pee ede.

wh pp e d, he ppee d he de h ede. Hee, he e d pp e e.. k d he e h pded e.

ue he e ee de hhe p e h hh ed Pe i red (Pir) dee de heh e pe d he eed , dee p e ee dheee he e 150 hd epped.

a h d de e he d h ed ee e (Pir). thee e e pe ed h h pe h:

the e e h eeed e pee d h ed he d.

the e hh h hh e e de e e eh.

the h pe h ehh, p deed, e hzd e d.

the ee he e e epeed ppe e.

the e ee ee d eqe e pepee.

f hee e he e epe seed De pped hee eep dde h, e e e.

f dd de, ee p de e ped e ehd hed ph ee e (dk dh) e eeded.

i de p ee hk he q h e e he h

e.

lp tpe w/sqmee

ielee (app)

te He

cp fee

Hh Pee sd

3

0.9

0.6

5-10 l

5-10 l

5-10 l

how much light

the h ee ee, he e d d he pe eee he, ppk, ee pee, de , dd ph e heed he eeee pe.

P de d pe e he e ee p h ed heee he qe e e ke de he ee pe e he

de.

D e eed h ?whe e d e e , eee pde h hee ee, h he h ee ph pe pe e, hee h ee he dee e he ph.

H h h? h ee, he he e deed h de de e, ededeepe p pe, e epe dee dd.

D h ee eed e djed?the he ee ed pdee hee hh ee h e eqed pe e. ode hee e, hee e h e ed, e pd hd e deed.

i de e h e e he e ppe h ee, e e d eed .

(l he eee h eh ehee 1 l he h e dee ee d e 1 qe ee)

aee ee e ls Je d 80000 lbd h pped p ld 1000 la e- e 500 lm d h 15 la ede de ee 5 la e h 0.2 l

a e he e e e pped, he h hd e ded he pppe h-e


6/17

1110

Hh e heed p hh

industrial lightingd p

GOOD

Use highest practical mounting height

Energy efficient lamps

Well designed luminaire

Good uniformity values (40%)

Accurate aiming of luminaire

Accurate design calculations

BAD

A low mounting height

Luminaire with poor photometric control

Passive Infra Red Detection (PIR)

Poor uniformity (dark areas) below 25%

Poor maintenance

Unprotected electrical cable

aee ee ie lie (e)EePe pkwkbk eld gee e egee pe e

commercial lightingd p

GOOD

Place luminaires as high up as possible

Energy efficient lamps

Well designed luminaire

Accurate design calculations

Accurately-aiming luminaires aiming of luminaire

Good uniformity of lighting (40%)

A named staff member made responsible for

arranging repairs and maintenance

BAD

Low mounting height

Luminaire with poor photometric control

Passive Infra Red detection (PIR)

ncorrect choice of lighting values

Unprotected electrical cable

Dark patches where uniformity values are below 25%

Poor or no maintenance

aee ee e ( l)oe e (e) 05 lPe pk 10 lEe r 10 lEe u 20 lwk 30 lld 50 l

the he e deped h :

Mounting height

a e he hhe p hehe ede he e eeqed ee h he e eee ee.

Area to be illuminated

Deee he e e e ed d, , pk he h ee d h dee e hede ee phe pee. i h h p d ep e peeed d he deed e e ed.

Type of lamp

reeded Dk D h ke ee e p hh h h eepe d ee ee.

Luminaire type

the e eeed e deeed he e e ppe he e eed. the e he h e e

e d he deed ehe ppee heh ee e he.

05 l10 l10 l30 l

100 l150 l500 l

1000 l


7/17

1312

PuBlic sPacesd p

the h p pe d e e pe ed d hh he p he e e he ep l ahe ped d epee he h ppe e he e.

GOOD

Adequate illuminance levels

Good uniformity

Low light pollution

Good aesthetic appearance

Regular maintenance

Vandal resistant equipment and materials

BAD

Incorrect choice of luminaire

Light pollution / trespass

Unprotected column positions

Poor maintenance

the ehe e h p de he d e ee eee e , e p he e ee q. the h ppee hee e ed he he d e e e, ed dee.

aee ee ie lPede 20 l*med eh d pede 30 l*b pee e 25 l*u e pk

sh 30 ll 15 l

u pksh 20 ll 15 l

u pk 10 lr e pk

sh 15 ll 15 l

r pksh 10 ll 10 l

r pk 05 lsp d d ee(Epe,a P) 30 l**

*Depede Ee Ze (ee lh P e

pe 24)

**m sd d E ae

road lightingd p

bh sdd 5489:2003 d he Epesdd cEn/tr 13201 pde de heeeded dd h deeee e, d dd e pedeed ee de ph.

the eqee d h e eedeee Epe d bh sddp En13201 d bs5489. thee dee he h p e e pe .

i pe pde ep hesdd h de heee he /e e eded de .f pe he sdd eqe heepee qed lh Eee.

the pe eed:

1. Dede he h e ed eb.4 bh sdd 5489-1:2003 de heee eh d pede , he pe ee ze d he eqed ede he p.

2. a ee he e d he e e he e hd e de he Pe ahe l oe (alo) deld he ce Pee De ad(cPDa) ld.

3. i ee ee e e pe e e, h e de e ed h ( pepe e hehhe h he hz e he e dp).tr13201-1 pde he e e.

De alo d cPDa e d he ee: hp://.eedde./pe/de_d.p

the e h e e eed de e e d e e (ee pe16) hee peeed h he pe k e. i e eed h e d e, ed tr 13201-1:2004, p e he e e e he e eqed d hd heee e deed eep e.

bs En 13201-2:2003 te 3. lh e ede d

d d

c Hz i e (l)

s1

s2

s3

s4

s5

s6

s7s7

m ed

15-22.5

10-15

7.5-11.25

5-7.5

3-4.5

2-3

n deeed

med

5

3

1.5

1

0.6

0.6

n deeed

gd h pe e he 24-h
http://www.securedbydesign.com/professionals/design_advisors.aspxhttp://www.securedbydesign.com/professionals/design_advisors.aspxhttp://www.securedbydesign.com/professionals/design_advisors.aspx


8/17

1514

reeee s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6

add Es4 Es5 Es6 Es7 Es8 Es9

cEn/tr 13201-01:2004 te 5. c eeee h e (e)

cEs1Es2Es3Es4Es5Es6Es7Es8

se d e E (l)107.5532

1.51

0.75

Es9 0.5

bs En13201-2 te 5. lh e e d e

ce e r ve lh l E1/E2 E3/E4

n E1/E2 E3/E4

Hh E1/E2 E3/E4

l r60

s5 s4s6 s5

s4 s3s5 s4

s3 s2s4 s3

mdee r60

s4 s3s5 s4

s3 s2s4 s3

- s1- s2

Hh r60

s2 s2

s3 s3

s2 s1

s3 s2

- s1

- s2

bs5489-1 te b4. see ede d d d

the bh d Epe sdd de he hpe pe de h heeeded ee e d e pe , he d h d he heh d ee e.

a ee h h d h pe h eqed e e de eeee h dd he ee EeZe . Ee ze, hhhee e 4, ee he ee e

e pe d ee h. f epe, hh d e ed n Pk d e pppe ee. (see pe18 e de).

the eeded ee de hebh sdd e ed de he e:

t e (h eh d pede)

rd (e hee j d/ d e;

t peed

Ee Ze

lp ede de

the hee ee ee (e) ed e:

mE - t re (Hh/med peed)

cE - c ae (rd h j d d e;

s - rd h ped Pede, cd/ s


9/17

1716

thee e hee ehd heeeded h ee d hh e:

lewhee he he he d e peed de/q ee. th ehd ed tre hee eh e hh, he ppee pde hee hee ehe je ppe hd he he de.

ie

whee he h je hee, h ehd ed he pe heh eqee ede d d dh j d d.

se cd iewhee he h e de he e, h ehd ed epepe e d e d he ee he e.

t e e eeded h ee pe eqe he e ee hh ke he e edeed e d ed e:

tp peed d pe he d e

ohe pe e ( he eded e) rd ee

t e

wehe (ped e d)

ae e (r, u c cee)

H de e jdee ed heee, pe de he lh c e ed. the ee h de s hh e he h ede e(eed d d he bh sdd depded se 2).

the s pe e s1 s6. s1 he he ee d ppe e h hhpede eh hee hee hh e e hee hee

e.

the eeded e Hz ieke he e e :

s1=15 l s6=2 l (h eed 5 d 0.6 l epee)

the e ke he crede ide (cri) he h e djed p e e cri 60. the cri ed 0 100 d de he edeqe he p. whee 0 -e ede de , h h l Pee sd lp, d 100d e he ede qe dh.

a e deed h Ee Ze he (ee lh P e).

c ede qe he he h h he e

ee


10/17

1918

closed circuittelevision (cctv)d p

mhe e pde ee ede h e d i red (ir)h. Hee, ir p he p e pp 80 ee, ed h e ir p he h e d e eqed.

c e eed e h h k d hee, d h h e q h eh cri ee h 60 pde e ede he pe. m e pee de de ed h.

ce pe ee k h d 0.5 l. Hee, hee he e e phphed eh he, e.. e eee hh eed e.

a ee e: he e eqe

5 l ee hz ed e 15 l ee hze.

reeded h ee cctv

ce m e l oe un e h

thehd ieen e h (%)

mhe 5 0.4 10

c 15 0.4 10

i he e e e ee e ee h he de he p h ee e ee h de. thee e he h e p he eqed, h pek e, d eed e ee he hee eded, epe he e h he h.i e ked ee ee ed/ e h he h ee kp 100% he eeded. the ee d h p pe; epe h p ped see lh:

sme HdefeelED

th ee h pd ee ed h h e e e. i eeded h pe deke pp e deke ee he hee d e eded d h h.

D e he e e ee h h ee

variaBle lightingd p

100% 20%100% - 50%100% - 1%100% 0%


11/17

2120

uniformitY

the pppe h pe d pe keped e , d h d he ede d d j p he dde; eed e ped ee hee. i e h, h ee q edu, epeeed h p he u d he eee he ee e ee.

a u e 0.4 40% eeded ee

h h d ee dk phee he phe hee ee d hed dj qk eh ee h e peed e.

the eee h d e p h he ee eheed he e. the eep d e he l ee ee h u e 0.4d e d d e h. a 0.4 u e d dd seed De deepe d, e e, e ed h ehe hee

pppe eh e. i heee he e e ee u hd eheed de he pe e peed e u 0.25.

the hz u eeed e eed dd he p l ee he e ee ee . NB Commonsense needs to also be applied to ensure that the

uniformity is calculated for a visual scene that lies

within the field of view of an observer .e.g. if theminimum point value lies around a corner then it is

probably meaningless to take it into consideration but

if it is in the middle of the car park then it is highly

relevant to the calculation.

i h e h 8 l d ee 20 l, dde 8 20 hh e e 0.4(ee epeed 40%).theeehe u e h h e deh he eeded 0.4 u e. a epe h h e:

light distriButionisoluX diagrams

il D (l P)il d e ph epee heh d e h . J p de he heh he d ee ee, he e il d epee he h p he e pped e.

the d e h dh (ded he k qe) ed 8 ee ed ee h e 24 16 h he ee ( l) .

the ee h e ed 1000 e pp heee eq he ed e eped he p p e dded

1000.


12/17

2322

colour rendering

c ede qe h ee he epde he je e ed.

t hep he ee h e ee e h ee d e e 0 100hee 100 he pee ede dh d 0 ede . whe p ede ppee, hee e ed d ed ehe the crede ide (cri) r.

the pe ppe ke de h h r 0 d he ed de p h r 20 ed he hd hh r 80.

thee e hh he h eeed :

c appeeth he dep he ppe heee e he e h. a dep l Pee sd ee h h e h.

the e e d he ede ppee pp p:

lp tpe c rede ide

te fe (gls) 100te He (tH) 100fee (mcf/u) 50 90cp fee (cfl) 85 95l Pee sd (sox) 0Hh Pee sd (son) 20whe son (sDw) 83me Hde (mbi) 65 90

ce me Hde (cDm) 85 95lh E Dde (lED) 66 80cp whe (cPw) 60cp gd (cPg) 20

reeee

c he e hde: p he h h pe

ede qe

l pee d: e h ede

qe

Dh

Hh pee d: ppe h p ede

qe

whe e hde: h pe he h, h d

ede qe

colour of light


13/17

2524

what is light Pollution?

lh p he ed h de he e eded .

uee, eee d deed ded e h h pd ep de he e e e e d e ee e.

lh p e pe ee,dee e he e ,

e p he he ehppe d ke he h k h e e he deed e.

how to reduce lightPollution

i de ede h p e eed dehe :

i ee pde h? i h e pded he p ke e hhe ee h pppe. me h ee ee d e e eped ee h he h ee e h hee d ee h he k d

e e.

Hh u e ke eee he.

ce pe p pe ke hee ppe. lh h e edd he e eqed hd edeed. whe h ed ke e e he e eded .

environmental Zones

l P ahe e he ehd pe e ee h h heDeepe P.

the e ed Ee Zehh ee p ee d epeed :

E1 i dk dpen pk &e e

EeZe

sk gulr (m %)

lh tep( d) E (l)

se iei (kd)

bd lePe e

Pe-e P-e Pe-e P-e aee l (cD/m

E1 0 2 1 2.5 0 0

E2 2.5 5 1 7.5 0.5 5

E3 5.0 10 2 10 1 10

E4 15.0 25 5 25 2.5 25

E2 l d he er, e ee dk .

E3 med d he es ee .

E4 Hh d he et/ eeh hh ee h-e .

the e he he pe e he e eh he Ze. se de edh he e e:

ce h he e e hh eeqee he e h pp eed e e 23.00 h.

ulr upd lh r he hepeed peee he hh peed de he k.

se ie h he e he h e de he e e ed.

ce nehhd d Ee a 2005the ke e ee hp. theee d h p pe h h p djeppee eed, ee p, e .

lh p e eded he e pppe p, e d h e,hee e h he h he h ed he eded e e.

te 1. oe lh l Ee lh i

ode ee h e j e k . P deed d edde h h h p hh ed hed Pe i red dee e e h p. a e he i Ee Heh oe 1994 eeed h e he ped e h he uK.

light Pollution

a p epe k (h p) ed p h


14/17

2726

lp tpe le pe w aee le (h) c rede ide

te 10 12 1,000 100

te He 12 22 2,000 100

fee 50 95 18,000 50 90

cp fee 80 90 10,000 85

l Pee sd 160 190 16,000 0

Hh Pee sd 85 120 20,000 20 60

whe sd 35 10,000 83

me Hde 80 100 15,000 65 90

ce me Hde 90 12,000 85 95

lh E Dde 65* 50,000 66 80

lamP tYPes and theirlumens Per watt

the ee e h he he he, h he p h e ee he, e ee h.

Ee ee epeed e pe d de h h h, e h, pded he p eh ee e.

dd p q e ede e, he p e p d eepe e deed.

the he p ke heehee de e e depe(hh he peed h hh he heed he e dhe. th eepd e ke me Hde d lED. thee e dee hee ee pp p pe.

the jargon of thelighting Professional

c appeeth e he ppe he p hek de . i ee e p eed , eede . th ppee deed he epee hep d eed Deee Ke (K). a p d e ed 4000K, eedep 3500K d p 3000K.

c redethe e ed dee he ee he p h he peeed je e eed heh ee.

lh h e pded e, e d e e ed ppe hd he d ede qe .e. 60 e he c rede ide. th p e cctv e deped de pe ee ke e e.

se p he e p edeqe, he e l Peesd p hh he he p ee ed e he d h d he dee .

c rede idethe c rede ide (cri) ed 0 100 de he ede qe p.0 -e ede de, h l Pee sd (sox)p, d 100 d e he ede qe dh. the he he hhe ee he ede qe. apppeee ed he h e e hhe ee d e pepe d h e sox h ee e Pe pped seed Dehee.

the ee pth ed e d ee hh h, epeed e, p pde eh w ee e. th eq h e pe w.

th ee pe epee he ee ee p d de ee he qe he

h pded.

Ee Zel P ahe e ehd pe e ee h hhe deepe p ep he e Ee Ze.

thee e Ee Ze d eh ee pe ee d h e eeded he e ed (ee pe 25).

Hz iei he h eh hz ed eed l.

energY efficiencY glossarY

the pe h p he pee ed e h he l Pee sdp. th p pe pde e e pe h he he d h ee eepe h ede de ee 0. wh hee he d, ede h pepe he h d he p.


15/17

2928

P ra iP he e ehd de heeee e e, he eed eh hd he p. le eed e peed he e d d e ee heeeee d peee he e, he p eed d he h eh he ee e eded.

the deed d:

f D 0 6 dee he deee pe

h ee e e hee0= pe d 6= pe.

sed D 0 8 dee he deee pe he e qd hee 0= pe d 8=pe dee e e.

K rthe iK dee he ee hk ee e d deed iK1 iK10 hee 1 pee p 0.14 je ee d 10 20.00 je ee.

t p hee e pepee, ee eed p d p ee 18 je ee.

lh P d lh nelh p d h ep e ee eed dee e hee h h eeed e e hee ed dhee he h de dd ed . i ee eeed h ep, hh he he e e e e.

th d h e epe hp, pd h,hh pde k ee d he e he hk, h ep d h e

d e e.

lele ee he h ee p. a he e e hed e e ee e h p.

lei he e ed he h eeedk e d eh he ee d eed de pe qe ee.

lth he eee h eh ehee 1 l e e e ee qe ee.

1 l he h 1 de 1 ee e 1q ee.

m Hehthe m Heh h p he de , hehe ehee h e ed he e eehee h e ed he d p. gee pek,he hhe p p ed, he e he e hhe heh eqep h ee e p.


16/17

3130

oe lh (ee lh P)

re-ke tereke ee he e dhe p ke e k ep pepp.

the e-ke he p jde he h p e ed heee d pepe e pee h h p d ee.

r up teth he e ed dee he e dhep ke eh e p h ( p h pe deehed h p e e ded de he p eed ee e-ke).

spth e he p eee e - ehe ed - d h j e he ee h e hee.

thehd ieethehd ee he ee he ed d e he e.

u (u)u eee h ee h e ded deed e. Hhe e e h h e e dje phe dke hee e e h hh he h eed e d ee e.

de e he u e h e

he ee l e dded he eeee l.

seed De dd k h hu e deepe hee e 40% 0.4u.

ve ieve e ed h je pepe he e pe. i he ee h deeed e heh he d ee pepe ee he epe he e hepede. ae e hh ee eee hee cctv e ed ee e hh e e e.

se cd iese d e ed eeee e he q ee h

h epe he e pe.

the bd reaede the bd re Pl1 e d e he :

a keep h ee de d e ee eee d/ he e ee p h h:

. Ehe p e de eeed 150 pee d he :

whe hee deqe h anD

whe eqed h

. he e hd he p hde,hh p h e ee h 40 e/ e ed.

cp ee p d ee he dd () h gls e p h e p Ed e e, te he d .

aPPendiX


17/17

the e seed De, sbD d he ed eeeed uK dek ed acPo ce Peeie led, p ed ee d eeed Ed 3816000.

the e sbD De gde d he ce Peeade p e he ph acPo cPi d e epded eed e ppe.

acPo s by d

f f, 10 v sl sw1h 0nn

t: 0207 084 8962fx: 0207 084 8951

e: [email protected]: .by.

acPo sBd jy 2011

d: ...k
mailto:[email protected]://www.securedbydesign.com/http://gdhta.co.uk/mailto:[email protected]://www.securedbydesign.com/http://gdhta.co.uk/

Lighting Against Crime

Documents

Transcript of Lighting Against Crime