LIGHT: Geometric Optics. The Ray Model of Light Light travels in straight lines under a wide variety...
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Transcript of LIGHT: Geometric Optics. The Ray Model of Light Light travels in straight lines under a wide variety...
![Page 1: LIGHT: Geometric Optics. The Ray Model of Light Light travels in straight lines under a wide variety of circumstances Light travels in straight line paths.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56649e485503460f94b3b9ff/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
LIGHT: Geometric Optics
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The Ray Model of Light
• Light travels in straight lines under a wide variety of circumstances
• Light travels in straight line paths called RAYS
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Optical Instruments: Refractive
C O N V E XC o n ve rg in g Ins trum e nt
th icker in th e m id d le
C O N C A V ED ive rg in g In s trum e ntth in ne r in the m id d le
T h in L en ses
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CONVERGING LENS
• Causes parallel rays to converge• Produces real and virtual images.• Focal Length is positive.
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Ray Tracing for Converging Lens
Ray 1: Parallel emerge through F
Ray 2: Through F emerge Parallel Ray 3: Straight through center
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The Lens Equation
• 1/do + 1/di = 1/f
• m = hi/ho = - di/do – m is magnification
• ho/hi = do/di
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DIVERGING LENS
• Causes parallel rays to diverge• Produces only small-virtual images.• Focal Length is negative.
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Ray Tracing for Diverging Lens
• Focal length is negative for any diverging instrument.
• Image distance is negative for virtual images.
• Virtual image produced will be smaller than object.
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Angular Magnification
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Who invented the telescope?
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Refracting Telescope
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Compound MicroscopeThe eyepiece is placed such that the image formed by the objective falls at first focal point of the eyepiece. The light thus emerges as parallel rays.
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Can you explain this?
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Total Internal Reflection
• Red light is incident on the glass-air boundary at an angle greater than the critical angle.– although red, when compared to blue and yellow, has
the lower index of refraction.
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Can you explain this?
• The pattern formed is from a converging lens.
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Spherical Aberation
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Chromatic Aberration
• Each color has a different focal point.
• The refractive index is different for each wavelength.
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Reflection
• Law of Reflection– The angle of incidence
equals the angle of reflection
• The incident and reflected rays lie in the same plane with the normal to the surface
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Diffuse vs Specular Reflection
• Diffuse Reflection– Light incident upon a
rough surface
– Law of reflection still holds; Normals not ll.
• Specular Reflection– Mirror like reflection
– All Normals are parallel
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Image formation by a Plane Mirror
• Image distance equals the object distance.
• Image size equals the object size.
• Virtual image formed.
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Optical Instruments: Reflective
C O N V E XD ive rg in g In s trum e nt
C O N C A V EC o n ve rg in g Ins trum e nt
S P H E R IC A L M IR R O R S
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CONVEX MIRROR
• Produces only small-virtual images.
• Focal Length and Radius are negative.
• Anti-Theft, Rear-View, Safety
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CONCAVE MIRROR
• Produces both Real and Virtual Images– Real images can be magnified or reduced
– Virtual images are always magnified.
Real image formed by Converging Rays
Virtual image formed by Diverging Rays
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CONCAVE MIRROR
• Real Virtual– Real images can be magnified or reduced
– Virtual images are always magnified.
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Equations to Apply
• f = r/2– f is focal length
– r is radius
• ho/hi = do/di – h is height
– d is distance
– o is object
– i is image
• 1/do + 1/di = 1/f
• m = hi/ho = - di/do – m is magnification