Light Foot

Militia Standards

and Principles of the

Light Foot

Amat Victoria Curam

“Victory Loves the Prepared!”

by

Secretary of Defense - Maj. Gen. Jeffrey Stankiewicz

4th Continental Congress

Fourth Edition, 19 April 2018

Why "Light Foot"? We in the “Patriot Movement” like history and tradition. Up until the late 18th / early 19th century, British infantry units were called "Foot" (foot soldiers). As in, the "13th Regiment of Foot". Light infantry was called “Light Foot”. Cavalry was called "Horse", heavy cavalry was "Heavy Horse", for example, the "48th Regiment of Horse". Our Founding Fathers, during the War for Independence, used the terms “Infantry” and “Cavalry” to make themselves distinct from “the King’s Army”. We take the name Foot for the same reason; to delineate us from regular military infantry.

As we will not have much in the way of supply lines or support elements, we will most likely "live off the land, resupply off the enemy", so to speak. Carrying what we need on our backs through the mountains and hills.

Light = Fast.

Hence, the "Light Foot” militia or "Light Foot", for short (Idaho Light Foot, Utah Light Foot, etc). Our unit patch in all states... Is a Spartan helmet and crossed short swords patch. Above is "Come and get them" in Greek. Pronounced "Molon Laveh". It is a famous quote from ancient military history. It was uttered by Leonidas (King of Sparta) to Xerxes (King of Persia) during the battle of Thermopylae, when Xerxes ordered Leonidas... "Lay down your arms!" Leonidas' reply will live in history... "Come and get them!"

___________________________________________________________________________________

I would like to thank Eric Rahn, Matt Brown, Daniel Couch and the Texas Light Foot for the addition

of the Communications SOP, OPSEC/COMSEC/PHYSEC chapter and some great new admin forms!

Copyright 1st Ed. 2009 | 2nd Ed. 2011 | 3rd Ed. 2014 | 3rd Ed. Rev.1-2015 | 4th Edition 2018

Table of Contents

New Recruit Induction - - - - - i

1 Ethics / Mission Statement - - - - 1

2 Duty / Code of Conduct - - - - - 3

3 Rank Structure - - - - - - 6

4 Unit Structure - - - - - - 8

S.W.O.R.D. Team structure - - 13

5 Basic Training - - - - - - 16

S.W.O.R.D. Team training - - 24

6 Equipment - - - - - - - 26

6a Uniform - - - - - - 31

7 Evacuation and Mobilization - - - - 35

8 Communication SOP - - - - - 37

9 OPSEC/COMSEC/PHYSEC - - - - 56

Appendix: I - OPSEC Assessment - - - - 70

II - OPSEC Checklist - - - - - 73

III - Administrative Forms

IV - “How to Start a Light Foot Unit”

V - “A Militia of One”

VI - Battalion Medic Load-out List

INDEX

LFMS-03-A NEW RECRUIT INDUCTION i

Congratulations on your decision to stand with the Light Foot Militia! According to the U.S. Constitution, Federal Law, nearly all state constitutions and state code, all male citizens ages 18-45 years are members of the militia. According to Anglo-Saxon Common Law, and the laws and customs of the American Colonies before our separation from the British Empire, all males (and even females during an actual emergency) between the ages of 16 and 60 were considered members of the militia. So the militia, like your God given rights, existed before the United States government was formed. And as such, you are already a member of the militia, by statute and by God-given right. The Geneva Conventions set forth the conditions for the recognition of legitimate militia organizations... ANNEX TO THE CONVENTION : Regulations respecting the laws and customs of war on land. -Section I : On belligerents -Chapter I : The qualifications of belligerents -Article 1. The laws, rights, and duties of war apply not only to armies, but also to militia and volunteer corps fulfilling the following conditions: 1. To be commanded by a person responsible for his subordinates; 2. To have a fixed distinctive emblem recognizable at a distance; 3. To carry arms openly; and 4. To conduct their operations in accordance with the laws and customs of war.

In order to fulfill these conditions we ask you to do the following:

Obtain a suitable uniform and purchase the appropriate rank and insignia patches (see LFMS-04-06A “Uniform Standards”).

If you have experience you feel would benefit others in the militia, please step up and ask to be considered for an officer position. After consideration by your teammates, they will hold a vote and, if accepted, you will be given a rank suitable to your talents. If you do not have any beneficial experience or do not wish to lead, then you must agree to accept the

LFMS-03-A NEW RECRUIT INDUCTION ii

orders of those above you in rank. All officers are voted on by the men below them. This is not regular army, militiamen cannot be threatened with court martial to make them obey orders, they must trust and respect the men who wish to lead them.

When participating in any militia activity, you will openly bear only lawful arms and

accessories. When in active service, if called up by your Governor, you will obey the laws of war.

We are not a private militia or private para-military group. We are citizens of the several states who are simply exercising our rights (to bear arms and peacefully assemble), to train and network with other patriotic Americans, in order that we might be a “well-regulated militia” if the time ever comes when we are called upon to defend our County, State, Nation and U.S. Constitution “against all enemies, foreign and domestic.” Training - Training days will be agreed upon at the unit meetings and dates/times/a list of gear needed will be provided by your local XO. We utilize two quality field manuals for training so that we're all on the same page, so to speak.

The first is “Light Infantry Tactics for Small Teams” by Christopher E. Larson. The second is US Army Field Manual FM 21-75 “Combat Skills of the Soldier”.

These can be purchased from Ebay.com and Amazon.com. Or you can try running a search to see if you can find a better price from a different on-line retailer.

LFMS-04-01 LIGHT FOOT MILITIA STANDARDS 1

Statement of Ethics/Mission Statement

Statement of Ethics - It is the duty of the citizen’s militia to protect and defend the unalienable Rights of all members of the community. Under no circumstances will the militia tolerate those who advocate acts of criminal violence, terrorism or a change away from our republican form of government; nor will it support any specific political party or candidate, nor espouse any particular religious denomination or doctrine. All members must understand the duties and obligation of both citizens and government under the United States and their state's consti-tution. Mission Statement - The members of the unorganized militia shall ever stand, as have our forefathers before us, first to God, from Whom we acknowledge the Authority of all Rights, and all the blessings of governments and to our native state. We therefore pledge: - To promote and defend the unalienable God-given rights of all American citizens, regardless of race, sex or national origin, as is expressed in our state constitutions and the Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution. - To promote and defend the principles of just government bequeathed to us by our Forefathers, to whit, that the principle of the Tenth Amendment shall stand inviolate; as history has shown that the greatest system of checks and balances exists with the people and their states to check the powers accrued by the federal government. - That the integrity of the courts, be they local, State or federal, shall remain uncontempt-able providing that they shall respect and uphold the rights of the citizens of the several states, including but not limited to, upholding the due process of law, preserving the right of trial by jury, and to be able to obtain immediate judicial review of cases wherein abuse of basic Constitutional rights are questioned. - That all power is inherent in the people, and all free governments are founded on their authority, and instituted for their Life, Liberty, and Property. For the advancement of those ends they have at all times an unalienable and indefeasible right to alter, reform, or abolish and replace the government in such manner as they may think proper.


- That government being instituted for the common benefit, the doctrine of nonresistance against arbitrary power is absurd, slavish, and destructive of the good and happiness of mankind.

- That all just government is servant of the people who have instituted it; that the people should never by force, nor coercion, be obliged to anything styled as "law" which has not been promulgated by their duly elected representatives; nor any as may be promulgated by them to bear conflict to the rights of the people, so that no government shall be made master of the people. - To promote and propagate the militia as a well regulated (trained and prepared) organization, knowledgeable in historical precedent and current affairs, that is composed of common citizens. - To develop a cohesive and competent command structure. - To train our members in the many disciplines necessary to the function of the militia as a whole, and to the members individually. - To educate our members in areas of history, law and principle as compiled in the experience and records of our forefathers. - To keep informed our members, and all citizens, of events local, state, national and global that threaten to imperil our traditional Constitutional rights, or such as may imperil the sovereignty of our nation by the undue influence of those who have forsaken their loyalty to our nation, and to the principles upon which it was founded. - To repel foreign aggression and invasions, by preparing and training for defense and by our encouraging and showing reason why all citizens should stand stoutly against socialism, fascism, communism, humanism, and all forms of tyranny. - To suppress domestic insurrections and violence by supporting and assisting the appropriate Officers of the Law in upholding and maintaining law and order in accordance with such local, state, and federal statutes and laws that do not present jeopardy to our God-given rights as acknowledged in the U.S. Constitution, among others. (see Amendment 9, Constitution of these united States).


Duty and Code of Conduct

1. I am a citizen of my State serving in the unorganized militia. I am prepared to give my life to guard and protect my homeland, our common law rights and liberties, and our way of life. This service is a duty of my citizenship. 2. I will keep and maintain the uniform, equipment, and weaponry necessary to perform the duties prescribed for the militia, and will be prepared to mobilize quickly. 3. I will never forget that I am a citizen of my State, and through her, of these united States. I am responsible for my actions and dedicated to the principles that made this country free. I will strive to lead an exemplary life and never, by action or statement, bring discredit to the militia, my country, or my fellow countrymen. 4. In all cases I shall endeavor to inform and urge all citizens to return to the Constitutional Republic our forefathers envisioned. 5. I will stand by, or come to the aid of, my brothers of the militia with whatever means necessary and without question or concern for my own well-being; to ensure due process of law as stated in the Constitution. 6. I will never misuse my position in the militia for financial or personal gain; nor will I engage in any activity subversive to the militia. 7. I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command, I will never surrender the members of my command while they have the means to resist. 8. If captured, I will continue to resist by all means possible. I will make every effort to escape. I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy. 9. Should I become a prisoner of war, I am bound to give only my name, rank and date of birth. I will make no oral or written statements disloyal to these united States and its citizens or harmful to their continued struggle for liberty and freedom. 10. Should I become a prisoner of war, I will keep my faith with my fellow prisoners and accept no favors from the enemy. I will give no information, nor take part in any action, that might be harmful to my comrades. If I am a senior I will take command. If not, I will obey the lawful orders of those appointed over me and will support them in every way.


General guidelines - Membership: General membership in the militia is open to all lawful citizens of a state, ages 16 and up. There shall be no discrimination due to race, sex, national origin or physical characteristics. Membership is voluntary. All prospective members shall be required to give their name, date of birth, address, contact information, next of kin and general information detailing prior military experience and/or other such skills as may be utilized by the militia. All such information shall be kept private under all circumstances and destroyed in the event of crisis; And shall be used for no other purpose than the internal business of the unit. Personal Equipment: Each member will be issued an itemized list of certain personal and unit equipment which he must procure and maintain. This equipment is necessary to the performance of his duties, personal sustenance and hygiene; and shall be maintained, packed and ready, for deployment at all times. A 20 minute, or shorter, departure capability is strongly recommended. Each member shall bring with them enough food rations and water to sustain them during meetings, training and camp musters. Weapons and Ammunition: Each member is required to provide and maintain his own weapons, stocks of ammun-ition and deployment gear. Members are required to remain proficient in the maintenance and safe operation of their weapon; and to have on hand at all times 300 rounds per rifle and 100 rounds per sidearm. Lacking the depth, resources and re-supply capabilities of a conventional military unit, militia members are urged to acquire at least 1000 rounds of ammunition and 6 magazines per rifle, as well as a cleaning kit and spare parts. Only in self-defense, hunting, sport shooting or during properly supervised training sessions will a member discharge his weapons. All members are expected to abide by all Constitutional state firearms regulations.


Training: All active duty (front line) members will be expected to pass Level One qualifications, at a minimum (Level Two qualification, preferred). Support personnel will train in their assigned area of duty (level qualifications are not necessary for support personnel). Assembly and Muster: Periodic assemblies, musters and meetings are necessary and shall be called to achieve the overall goals of each unit. Regular monthly meetings shall be conducted in each Battalion (county). Members must discipline themselves to schedule and set aside time each month for musters and assembly for such purposes as field training exercises. Members will be notified of such dates, times, and places of all meetings. While it is intended that the militia intrude as little as possible in the lives of it's members, it is clear that individual members are volunteers who must be ready to meet period-ically and to deploy as need arises. It will be the objective of the Command Staff to infringe as little as possible on the time of it's members, recognizing the responsibilities of faith, family and work. Violations of Ethics or Code of Conduct –

If any militiaman is thought to have violated either the ethical standards or code of conduct of the Light Foot, that person should be informed by his/her chain of command that a formal hearing or court martial (depending on severity of the charge) will take place. For lesser offenses, a hearing before a panel of at least 3 officers from the accused’s unit command staff shall take place. The accused should be allowed to hear all charges against him/her, confront any witnesses brought forward and call any witnesses to his/her defense. After hearing all evidence, the panel shall retire to discuss and come to a judgement. For serious offences, a court martial shall be convened to hear the case. Five officers (preferably chosen from other battalions or units) shall convene to hear the evidence and render judgement. The CO of the accused’s unit shall choose an officer under his command to present the evidence and witnesses to the court. If the accused so chooses, he/she may ask a fellow militiaman or officer to represent them. He/she may also call witnesses in his defense. The accused is not required to give testimony, but can if he/she wants to testify in their own defense.


Rank Structure The organization of rank levels in the Light Foot Militia shall be a slightly modified and streamlined version of the U.S. military structure. ENLISTED RANKS – (1-5 are assigned by Command based on experience or prior military service. First Sergeant and above are voted upon by unit membership)

1. Private – Lowest rank: a trainee who’s starting Basic Militia Training. Primary role is to carry out orders issued to them to the best of his/her ability. Building block of the Three Man Team.

2. Corporal – The base of the Non-Commissioned Officer (NCO) ranks. CPLs serve as team leader of the basic militia unit, the Three Man Team. Like SGTs, they are responsible for individual training, personal appearance and cleanliness of soldiers. Privates are promoted to this level after one year — or earlier by request of superior. Recruit can begin at this level with experience or prior military training.

3. Sergeant – Considered to have the greatest impact on soldiers because SGTs oversee them in their daily tasks. Responsible for individual training, personal appearance and cleanliness of soldiers. In short, SGTs set an example and the standard for Privates to look up to, and live up to. Leader of a Squad (2 three-man teams, 7 militiamen total). Recruit can begin at this level with experience or prior military training.

4. Staff Sergeant – Leader of a Platoon. Responsible for developing, maintaining and utilizing the full range of his soldiers' potential. Recruit can begin at this level with experience or prior military training.

5. Master Sergeant – Senior NCO and Training Officer of the Company. He oversees all training within the Company. He coordinates with the S-2 and assists the Company Commanding Officer in operational planning. May be selected to be Battalion Supply Officer.

6. First Sergeant - Senior NCO and Operations/Training Officer of the Battalion. Oversees all training within the Battalion. He coordinates with the S-2 and is the key assistant and adviser to the Commanding Officer in operational planning.

7. Sergeant Major - Senior NCO and Operations Officer of the Regiment. He oversees all NCO's within the Regiment. Responsible for enforcement of training doctrine.

8. Command Sergeant Major - He is the senior NCO and Operations Officer of the Brigade.


9. Sergeant Major of the Militia – Senior NCO of the Light Foot in a State. Assistant to the Adjutant General of the State Militia.

OFFICERS RANKS –

(All officer ranks voted upon by the men under their command; battalion membership vote for their Command Staff; combined unit Command Staffs vote for higher ranks)

1. Lieutenant - The entry-level rank for officers. Leads company-size elements consisting of

three platoons, the company Master SGT and radio man. May be selected to be Battalion Executive Officer (XO).

2. Captain - Commands and coordinates the County Battalion.

3. Major - Serves as Commanding Officer for the Regiment.

4. Colonel - Serves as Commanding Officer for the Brigade. (Also rank held by State Liaison Officer appointed by the 4th Continental Congress to help coordinate LF units in a state.)

5. Adjutant General of the Militia– Highest ranking officer in the militia of a State; also commander of the National Guard. Assistant to the Commander-in-Chief of the state militia, your state’s governor.

_______________________________________________________________________ OATHS – Enlisted personnel -

"I, _____(state your name), do solemnly swear that I will support and defend the Constitution of the State of (your state) and the Constitution of the united States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; and that I will obey the orders of the Governor of the State of (your state) and the orders of the officers appointed over me. So help me God."

Officers -

"I, _____ (state your name), having been elected by my peers an officer in the Militia of the State of (your state), do solemnly swear that I will support and defend the Constitution of the State of (your state) and the Constitution of the united States against all enemies, foreign or domestic, that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservations or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office upon which I am about to enter. So help me God."


Unit Structure TEAM -

The Three Man Team is the basic building block of the Light Foot. It consists of two Privates led by a Corporal. (3 men)

SQUAD - A Squad consists of two Teams, led by a Sergeant. (7 men) PLATOON - A Platoon is made up of three Squads; led by a Staff Sergeant, with a radio man. COMPANY (city) - Three Platoons make up a Company; led by a Lieutenant, assisted by the Company Master Sergeant, with a radio man. BATTALION (county) - A Battalion consists of three Companies; led by a Captain, with a Command Staff. REGIMENT - A Regiment consists of 3-4 Battalions; led by a Major, with a Command Staff. BRIGADE - A Brigade consists of 3 Regiments; led by a Colonel, with a Command Staff. FIELD FORCE (state) - ...is the name given to the entire State Militia. (Idaho is the 43rd state and as such is designated the 43rd Field Force. Washington is the 42nd , etc). It is led by the State Adjutant General, who is in command of the National Guard and militia. The Governor is the Commander-in-Chief of the State Militia.


The Command Staff is the leadership of the unit and provides planning, training and issues orders to be carried out by the individual teams. They have a P.O. Box, Phone #, email and/or fax (preferably a website, as well). Initial organizational objectives: The CS meets once a month to -

1. Establish a working relationship between other counties. 2. Establish local and county-wide Rapid Alert System (security, intelligence, and

communications). 3. Organize logistical and administrative services. 4. Institute training program. 5. Recruitment.

The Command Staff's responsibilities include:

Dissemination of constitutional principles and ideology to the rank and file. Development and dissemination of training material and methods to be used

within the individual teams. Development and security of tactical and strategic contingency plans for

implementation by the tactical teams. Coordination of the various units. Development and operation of public relations within the community.

Battalion Command Staff includes - XO, Lieutenant - S-1 Executive Officer

➢ 2nd in Command. ➢ Disseminates written communication (orders) to subordinate units. ➢ Handles administrative duties and forms.

Lieutenant - S-2 Intelligence / Communications Officer

➢ Maintains and administers the Rapid Alert System. ➢ Supervises the counterintelligence program and operational security systems. ➢ Maintains the security of encoding/decoding systems. ➢ Supervises intelligence gathering activities. ➢ Analyzes and reports intelligence information.


First Sergeant - S-3 Operations / Training Officer

➢ Establishes and enforces training standards. ➢ Tailors training to specific mission goals. ➢ Coordinates with the Intelligence Officer and develops the Threat Assessment

Folder. ➢ Planning of operations under CO's directions.

Master Sergeant - S-4 Supply / Logistics Officer

➢ Responsible for the acquisition and accountability of all supplies and materiel. ➢ Supervises all logistical support activities including: transport, evacuation, and

medical, supply service and management. Lieutenant – S-5 Liaison Officer

➢ Serves as Public Relations Officer (liaison with county sheriff, local officials and news media).

➢ Coordinates all interactions between the unit and the public (interviews, public forums, “militia open house” events, canned food drives, etc).

Command Staff ranks for higher units - Regiment – S-1 = Captain, S-2 = Captain, S-3 = Lieutenant, S-4 = First Sgt, S-5 = Captain Brigade – S-1 = Major, S-2 = Major, S-3 = Captain, S-4 = Lieutenant, S-5 = Major Field Force – S-1 = Colonel, S-2 = Colonel, S-3 = Major, S-4 = Captain, S-5 = Colonel COMBAT TEAMS: Combat Teams shall be comprised of “Minutemen” who are physically capable of carrying a full combat load and executing all necessary combat missions. Each Minuteman will pass the “Skill Level 1” test and endeavor to complete the “Skill Level 2” test as soon as possible. Minutemen must be physically fit enough to keep up with their teammates and complete the mission. Women are prohibited from serving with Combat Teams in order to maintain unit cohesion and mission readiness, but will still be trained in weapons handling and individual soldier skills, and may serve in security roles or other support/medical/supply positions Women and those who have physical limitations or who do not wish to join a Combat Team shall be placed in a suitable Support Team. These militia members will still be required to maintain a basic set of web gear and weapon, and to train with them.


S.W.O.R.D. Teams (Select Weapons, Ordinance and Reconnaissance Detachment) : Consists of 6 men who receive extra training in one of three areas: Designated Marksman, Land Navigation or Communications. Two men in each team will duplicate the necessary disciplines of “Shoot, Move and Communicate”. They will carry highly accurate rifles with higher end optics/night vision (Select Weapons); study the theory and employment of military weapons they may encounter on a future battlefield, such as grenades, RPG's, mines, etc. (Ordinance); and practice advanced land navigation, compass/map reading and recon techniques (Reconnaissance). All members of the team must be: - Level 3 qualified in both Physical Fitness and Marksmanship (i.e. a Grade Modifier of 33X). - Assault Pistol qualification is also required. S.W.O.R.D. Team Rank Structure- The Team Leader and Assistant Team Leader must be the two members of the team trained in advanced land navigation techniques. They will plan and lead the patrols/operations, as well as assist in the training of the other members of the team.

Team Leader – Master Sergeant Assistant Team Leader – Staff Sergeant Comm's and DM's (2 each) – Sergeant

Since a “Select Weapons, Ordinance and Reconnaissance Detachment” is just that, a detachment, members of a Command Staff (Battalion, Regiment, etc.) cannot serve on S.W.O.R.D. Teams. If a detachment were deployed which contained members of the unit's Command Staff it would effectively decapitate the unit; leaving them lacking in key personnel.

SUPPORT TEAMS: The support teams consist of those who are unable, unwilling, or ill-equipped for Minuteman duty. Their task is to provide whatever support is needed by the other units. Rank and advancement in support teams does not require achievement of Skill Levels 1 through 3. MEDICAL - The Medical Team supports operations by setting up and maintaining an aid station to receive and care for sick and wounded. There should be one member of each platoon trained as a Field Medic (platoon medics should carry the same “load-out” as the Battalion Medic, see Appendix). Field medics must see to it that a preventative medicine program is instituted and adhered to. Field sanitation and personal hygiene must be of paramount importance.


SUPPLY / LOGISTICS- The Supply Team supports the unit by procuring and delivering needed equipment and provisions. They may also be used as messengers between the CO and the tactical units, or as truck drivers and other personnel involved in the transport of men and materiel. Re-supply is a particularly important consideration for all mobile units and for protracted emergencies. Each unit should plan and provide for storage and independent caches of the following: food, fuel, clothing, boots, shelter, medical equipment, combat equipment, arms, ammunition, and communications equipment. RELIGIOUS SUPPORT- Chaplains are to the militia as Bibles are to Christians. They provide the necessary guidance and direction as it concerns our relationship with our Father in heaven. They perform services in the field, and lead prayers at public events. They can be relied upon to give a word of advice, a sympathetic ear, or a strong shoulder, depending on your need. Each Battalion should have a Chaplain holding the rank of Lieutenant. They are officers and should be respected as such; but barring an assistant or two, Chaplains do not have command authority over militiamen.

Unit Geography The county being the basis of local control in a state, the Light Foot units shall be organized by counties. Each county shall constitute a battalion of militia. Each battalion being made up of three companies (see “Unit Structure” chart, pg. 10): Alpha, Bravo and Charlie. “Alpha” company will be based in the county seat. “Bravo” in the next largest city; “Charlie” the next (and so on, if needed). Militiamen in the outlying areas of the county will join with the company closest to them. Above Battalion (county) level, three or more counties will join to assemble a Regiment. Three Regiments shall form a Brigade. There will be multiple Brigades covering each state. BATTALION NUMBERING SYSTEM - A very well thought out numbering system for all counties in each state in the nation has been provided by our friends at www.awrm.org and has been adopted by us for use at the battalion level. See the “How to Start a Light Foot Unit” page on our website for a link to download the number system PDF. www.LightFootMilitia.com

http://www.awrm.org/

http://www.lightfootmilitia.com/


TRAINING

Skill Levels 1, 2 + 3

The purpose of training is to prepare for war by developing forces that can win in combat. Training is the key to combat effectiveness and therefore is the focus of effort of the peacetime militia. However, training should not stop with the commencement of war; training must continue during war to adapt to the lessons of combat. Basic individual skills are an essential foundation for combat effectiveness and must receive heavy emphasis. Members of the militia must endeavor to maintain proficiency in their individual skills. At the same time, unit skills are extremely important. They are not simply an accumulation of individual skills; adequacy in individual skills does not automatically mean unit skills are satisfactory. Training programs should reflect practical, challenging and progressive goals. Training programs must be tailored to the voluntary, non-professional nature of the Militia. Repetition of the fundamentals is key. Collective training consists of battle drills and exercises. Drills are a form of small unit training which stress proficiency by progressive repetition of tasks. Drills are an effective method for developing standardized techniques and procedures that must be performed repeatedly without variation to ensure speed and coordination; such as weapons drill or immediate actions. In contrast, exercises are designed to train units and individuals in tactics under sim-ulated combat conditions. Exercises should approximate the conditions of battle as much as possible. That is, they should introduce friction in the form of uncertainty, stress, disorder and opposing wills. This last characteristic is most important. Only in opposed, free-play exercises can we practice the art of war. Dictated or "canned" scenarios eliminate the element of independent, opposing wills that is the essence of combat. After Action Reviews (AAR), or critiques, are an important part of training because critical self-analysis, even after success, is essential to improvement. Their purpose is to draw out the lessons of training. As a result, we should conduct critiques immediately after completing the training; before the memory of the events has faded. AARs should be held in an atmosphere of open and frank dialog in which all hands are encouraged to contribute. We learn as much from mistakes as from successes, so we must be willing to admit and discuss them. Because we recognize that no two situations in war are the same, our critiques should focus not so much on the actions we took, but on why we took those actions, and why they brought the results they did.


BASIC TRAINING PLAN INTRODUCTION:

The goal of training is to produce a combat ready unit that responds rapidly to known or suspected enemy activity and defeats that enemy. Individual skills and battle drill training are a key factor in achieving that goal. Leaders should tailor training to realistic, challenging, and attainable goals. Battle drills must be standardized; but their tactical employment must remain flexible. TRAINING PLAN: 1. The Training Plan is based on the "Core Training Card"* concept in support of the battalion's Mission Essential Training List (METL)* requirements. The focus is to prepare all personnel for mobilization. The intent is to provide meaningful training that can be put into immediate use; and to motivate personnel to actively accept greater responsibilities. 2. The Training Plan will break down the "Core Training Card" into 4 quarterly schedules. Three topics will be routinely taught on a repetitive cycle until the unit reaches 100% training attainment (Shoot, Move and Communicate). Additional training topics are then added. 3. Each unit will conduct a yearly Alert Mobilization Drill. All members must commit themselves individually, and in concert with their unit, to learn and master as many basic skills as possible, including proficiency with firearms (marksmanship, handling, field stripping and cleaning), hand signals, fields of fire, entrenchment, camouflage, cover and concealment, and individual / squad movement. Each unit member is required to complete the mandatory training course to meet Minimum Mission Essential Training (METL) requirements. *Core Training Card= Is simply a document which tracks the training history of an individual militiaman. It should include the dates of training events attended, as well as if the militiaman passed certain Skill Level tests, and any scores recorded. Included in Appendix II. *METL (Mission Essential Training List)= Compiled by the training officer in charge of unit training. It includes all individual skills as well as small unit tactics that should be covered during training sessions to ensure unit readiness.


Militia Readiness Code (MRC) - MRC’s (formerly “Grade Modifiers”) are necessary to allow command to assign tasks and assign rank within the unit. The MRC allows the unit commander to know at an instant the physical fitness and marksmanship level of any militiaman under his command, as well as the type of weapon they carry as their main battle rifle. Knowledge, ability and dedication are the only valid criteria to assign rank within the militia. MRC’s are a way to help determine if a militiaman is able to carry out a specific mission. A militiaman might be level 2 physical fitness, but only level 1 marksmanship, and carry an AR-15 (i.e. 21A or “twenty-one alpha”). The militiaman’s rank and the modifiers are included on the individual training card. PHYSICAL FITNESS - (X = blank; a place holder for other MRC alpha-numerics)

0XX - Unfit for front line combat - due to age (you're only as old as those you can keep up with!) or physical disability; This person is capable of operating in a support role such as training, communications, medical, supply and logistics. In the case of military veterans their primary mission will be the training of others.

1XX - Minimum physical fitness level - 2 mile Field march w/Level 1 gear in 40 minutes 10 sit-ups/10 push-ups

2XX - Moderate physical fitness level - 3 miles field march w/Level 2 gear in 65 minutes

20 sit-ups/20 push-ups

3XX - Excellent physical fitness level - 5 mile field march w/Level 3 gear in 2 hours 30 sit-ups/30 push-ups MARKSMANSHIP -

X0X - Basic - “Recruit” Has passed the Basic Marksmanship Qualification Test (see pg. 20).

X1X - Level 1 - “Marksman” score on the Militia Marksmanship Qualification Test (next page).

X2X - Level 2 - “Sharpshooter” score on MMQ Test.

X3X – Level 3 - “Expert” score on MMQ Test.

X4X - Designated Marksman (S.W.O.R.D. Team) - “Expert” score and passes the DMR Qualification Test.


QUALIFYING WEAPON – (what you carry in the field/used to qualify on MMQ)

XXA - Qualified with 5.56 XXB - " " 7.62 x 39 XXC - " " 7.62 x 51 (308) XXD - " " 6.5/6.8mm XXE - " " other military/hunting caliber XXF - " " .50 cal Examples: Militiaman with… Level 1 fitness, level 2 marksmanship and equipped with an AK-47 - 12B Level 3 fitness, level 1 marksmanship and equipped with a 30-30 lever - 31E Level 2 fitness, level 3 marksmanship and equipped with an AR-10 - 23C

The “MMQ” - The Militia Marksmanship Qualification course is used to sharpen the skills of militiamen and provide an objective means of qualifying personnel when ammunition is in short supply and/or range areas are limited. The MMQ is conducted at the conclusion of the Basic Marksmanship Course (see “Skill Level: Recruit”, pg. 20) which is required for all Militia members. The MMQ incorporates three firing positions, magazine changes, movement and a timer to add stress. Only 15 rounds are required to qualify. A range of 50 yards is needed and a 8-1/2 x 11 inch target (approximates “center mass”).

Start sequence: Load 3 magazines with 5 rounds each. At the firing line assume the low ready position with the weapon loaded and on safe. At the signal the shooter will fire 5 rounds from the standing position, RELOAD, fire 5 rounds from the kneeling position, RELOAD, and fire the last 5 rounds from the prone position, all within 45 seconds. Scoring: 1 point per hit, for a total of 15 points. Point breakdown : 8-10 MARKSMAN - Level 1 11-13 SHARPSHOOTER - Level 2 14-15 EXPERT - Level 3 Ten shot DMR-Designated Marksman Rifle (see S.W.O.R.D.)- Ten out of ten shots in a 8-1/2”x11” target at 200 yards. Prone position. Timed: 2 minutes.


PISTOL QUALIFICATION – Carrying a pistol is not mandatory, but if you do you should try to qualify at the “Standard” level.

Ten shot “Standard”- Single target at 5 yards, target is 8-1/2x11 inch “center mass”. Stage 1. From the low ready position, fire 5 rounds, time: 15 seconds. Stage 2. From the holster, draw and fire 5 rounds, time: 5 seconds. Must score 7 out of 10 hits - Pass or Fail. Ten shot “Assault”- Running clock qualification using 8-1/2x11 inch target. Time: 40 seconds. Load two magazines with 2 rounds each and one magazine with 6 rounds. Load pistol with 2 rd mag, engage safety and holster. Starting at 10 yards - - At the signal, draw and fire 2 rounds from a covered position (stack of hay bales or plywood barrier). - Reload the second mag while moving to the 7 yard line. Fire 2 rounds from the 7 yard line. - Reload the mag of 6 rounds while moving to the 5 yard line, then fire 3 rounds. - Step towards the target slowly, while firing your final 3 rounds. Must score 7 out of 10 hits - Pass or Fail.

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CORE TRAINING CARD

SKILL LEVEL “RECRUIT”: Basic marksmanship skill is to ensure the militiamen is safe with his weapon and does not endanger himself or others. He will also become confident in the function of his weapon and be able to apply basic marksmanship principles. The militiamen must know and demonstrate the following: a. Must know the four safety rules for all weapons. b. Must field strip and assemble their weapon for repair and cleaning. c. Must demonstrate the loading, clearing and malfunction drills. d. Must hit eight out of ten shots on a 8-1/2x11 inch target at 50 yards, one reload will be required (two mags with 5 rds each), not timed. SKILL LEVEL ONE: This is the basic training level which all new recruits are required to complete in order to attain the rank of Private in a Combat Team. Upon completion of Level 1 training the militiaman will be considered an active “front line” member of the unit.


The militiaman must demonstrate an understanding of, and/or the ability to: 1. Command and Organization a. Rank structure b. Unit structure 2. Mobilization and Alert Readiness a. Rapid Alert System / Alert levels b. Evacuation: Routes, Rally Points 3. Physical Fitness 1XX a. Road march for 2 miles in 40 minutes with all Level 1 gear. b. 10 push ups, 10 sit ups. 4. Marksmanship X1X – Score “Marksman–Level 1” on the MMQ. 5. Individual Movement Techniques a. low/high crawl b. team file and wedge formation. 6. Individual Camouflage – see Army FM 21-75 7. Basic Field Communications a. Hand and Arm Signals b. Basic Radio Operating Procedures c. COMSEC / SALUTE / SITREP d. Perform surveillance without the aid of electronic devices. 8. Basic First Aid a. Evaluate a casualty (ABC's – Airway, Breathing, Circulation) b. Prevent / treat shock c. Clear an object from the throat d. Treat / prevent heat stroke and frostbite e. Treat burns f. Put on a field or pressure dressing g. Apply a dressing to an open chest, abdominal, and head wound. h. Splint a fracture i. Perform CPR j. Transport a casualty k. Basic sanitation, preventative medicine and health maintenance


SKILL LEVEL TWO: Skill Level 2 is required to advance to the rank of Sergeant in a combat team and to be considered capable of performing Primary Forces missions. An NCO (non-commissioned officer) must be prepared to deploy quickly and remain in the field unsupported for 72 hours. He is a fully functional and deploy-able militia soldier, capable of leading his squad and training others.

To meet Level 2 standards one must have mastered all Level 1 qualifications and equipment plus: Physical Fitness: 2XX - Field march with all Level 2 gear for 3 miles in 65 minutes.

3-5 second rushes (with 2-3 second pauses) for 100 yards, in L2 gear. 20 push-ups/20 sit-ups

Marksmanship: X2X - Rifle: Score “Sharpshooter-Level 2” on the MMQ. Pistol (optional): “Standard” pistol qualification.

Troop Leading: He must have a basic understanding of Troop Leading Procedures including the 5 paragraph OPORD, SALUTE, CARVER etc. (See military field manuals concerning squad or platoon leading, or NCO leadership) And have a demonstrated knowledge of Small Unit Tactics: 1. Immediate Action Drills- a. Move under direct fire. d. Break contact. b. React to indirect fire. e. React to ambush, near or far. c. React to contact. f. React to flares. 2. Movement Techniques- a. Fire Team and Squad Wedge. b. File. c. Traveling, Traveling Overwatch and Bounding Overwatch. 3. Perform Reconnaissance. 4. Select and construct individual fighting positions. 5. Set up Patrol Base camp. 6. Cross danger areas.


7. Basic Land Navigation- a. Identify topographic symbols and features on a map. b. Determine a location on the ground by terrain association. c. Measure distance on a map. d. Orient a map to the ground by terrain association. e. Determine direction with and without a compass. 8. Basic Camouflage- a. Individual. b. Noise light and litter discipline. c. Field emplacements, or base camp. 9. Emergency Preparedness- Every militiaman should try to maintain a 3 month supply of the following (at home) and the knowledge to use it. a. Water Storage / Purification. b. Field Hygiene / Sanitation. c. Food Storage. d. Medical Supplies. 10. Basic Survival Knowledge- a. Identify wild foods in the A/O. b. Identify poisonous plants and snakes in the A/O. c. Locate and purify drinking water. d. Build a fire. e. Snare/trap wild game. f. Locate and construct a field expedient survival shelter.

SKILL LEVEL THREE: To progress to Skill Level 3, the militia soldier must have mastered all Level 2 qualifications. In addition he must demonstrate the following skills: 1. Physical Fitness: 3XX - 5 mile field march in 2 hours with Level 3 gear.

- 30 push-ups/30 sit-ups 2. Marksmanship: X3X - Rifle: Score “Expert-Level 3” on the MMQ. - Pistol (mandatory): Qualify on the “Standard” pistol qualification (optional): Qualify on the “Assault” pistol qualification.


3. Train in CQB (Close Quarters Battle): - Conduct room clearing with a team. - Conduct building clearing with a squad. S.W.O.R.D. TEAMS (Select Weapons, Ordinance and Reconnaissance Detachment):

S.W.O.R.D. Teams consist of 6 men who receive extra training in one of three areas: Designated Marksman, Land Navigation or Communications. Two men in each team will duplicate the necessary disciplines of “Shoot, Move and Communicate”. They will carry highly accurate rifles with higher end optics/night vision (Select Weapons); study the theory and employment of military weapons they may encounter on a future battlefield, such as grenades, RPG's, mines, etc. (Ordinance); and practice advanced land navigation, compass/map reading and recon techniques (Reconnaissance). All members of the team must be: - Level 3 qualified in both Physical Fitness and Marksmanship (e.g. MRC of 33X). - Assault Pistol qualification is also required.

Individual Skills (2 members each, but cross-training is encouraged) - Designated Marksman Team: - Both must pass DMR qualification. In the field one will act as the spotter. - Conduct a terrain survey. - Estimate range to target. - Construct and use a ghillie suit. - Construct and use a Sniper/Forward Observation Post hide. - Conduct long range surveillance of target for intelligence gathering purposes. - Plan and implement a enemy harassment plan. - Plan and conduct interdiction operations on key target personnel. Advanced Land Navigation: - Advanced map/compass reading - Excellent land navigation skills - Plan, lead and execute patrols and reconnaissance gathering missions.


Communications: - Must complete a HAM radio training program and have a thorough understanding of Basic Operating Procedures, Tactical Comm, CommSec, the Rapid Alert System, SitRep and SALUTE and his unit C.E.O.I. - Must be able to operate all unit comm equipment. - Build a field expedient, clandestine antenna. - Transmit and receive Morse code. Training activities of a six-man S.W.O.R.D. Team: - Plan and conduct a surveillance/recon patrol; to include long range ops (LRRP). - Plan and implement psychological ops. - Prepare accurate Sit-Reps and assist Command Staff in the planning of operations. - Identify and track enemy patrol/recon operations. - Design and implement ambushes and raids; to include sniper operations. - Know how to assemble incendiary devices made from common readily available material (knowledge, not build illegal devices). - Create a smoke screen. S.W.O.R.D. Team Rank Structure- The Team Leader and Assistant Team Leader must be the two members of the team trained in advanced land navigation techniques. They will plan and lead the patrols/operations, as well as assist in the training of the other members of the team. Team Leader – Master Sergeant Assistant Team Leader – Staff Sergeant Comm's and DM's (2 each) – Sergeant Since a “Select Weapons, Ordinance and Reconnaissance Detachment” is just that, a detachment, members of a Command Staff (Battalion, Regiment, etc.) cannot serve on S.W.O.R.D. Teams. If a detachment were deployed which contained members of the unit's Command Staff it would effectively decapitate the unit; leaving them lacking in key personnel.


EQUIPMENT Level 1, 2 & 3 gear:

Level one is what you carry on you; in your BDU pockets (compass, matches, knife, etc. Pistol if in a drop leg holster)

Level two is the above plus your rifle, web gear/vest, buttpack, mag pouches, etc. Level three is all the above plus your full pack w/sleeping bag (aka, “72 hour gear”)

This is not a list of required gear, but you should try to equip yourself as well as your wallet will allow. Remember, you're staking your life on this gear! Rifle - Should be semi-auto, but rule number one of a gun fight is: "Have a Gun." Should be of a common caliber e.g.. 7.62x39, .223/556, .308win. Military surplus are also perfectly acceptable, but you should bear in mind that ammunition may well become scarce, and 8mm and .303Brit should be well stocked if you opt for one of these calibers. Also, remember one of the great lessons learned by the south in the War Between the States... “Live off the land, resupply off the enemy”. I don't think our enemies will be shooting .300 WinMag. Sidearm - If you choose a secondary weapon it should be of a major caliber: 9mm, .40S&W, or .45acp for semi-autos, and .38spl/.357mag for revolvers are going to be the most common. Be sure to choose a reliable handgun with a well established reputation. A 1911, 92FS, Glock, or S&W would serve you well (as would many others). Ammunition - You should carry as much ammunition as you can comfortably bear. Obviously, weight will be a concern, and while .308 win has more punch than .223 rem, you will not be able to carry as much of it. Most folks will carry about 200-300 rounds on their combat load. If you opt for a sidearm, you should have at least 3-5 magazines (or speed-loaders) for your sidearm in your 72 hour kit. Weapons Cleaning Gear - For obvious reasons. If you don't keep it clean, it ain't gonna work. LBE /LBV - (Load Bearing Equipment / Load Bearing Vest) LBE/LBV is what you use to carry the stuff you can't do without, but is not your pack. Generally, it will consist of a tactical vest and you will attach your magazine pouches, canteens or camelback, first aid pouch/IFAK, sidearm, etc; or a mil-spec belt with suspenders with a similar configuration. Folks can opt for the USGI issued pistol belt and H/Y Harness or the USGI load bearing vest. There are a multitude of different types of vests, harnesses, and the like (too many to list here). Basically, you need something to carry the gear that you need to have immediately on hand and still keep your hands free.


Pack - You may well be on the move for a while, so you will need to have something to carry your equipment (that isn't on your LBE). Most folks use the USGI A.L.I.C.E. (All Purpose Individual Carrying Equipment) pack or the new MOLLE pack. A "Real Tree" (or equivalent hunting gear) day pack will work until you trade up. Boots - Be good to your feet and they'll be good to you. Uncle Sugar spends millions of dollars to figure out what boot is best (for the smallest amount of money) for his soldiers. He knows full well that if his fighter’s feet are fubar (say that 5 times fast) they simply can't fight. Having said that, any boot worn by our combat troops will be more than sufficient. Don't expect to last very long if you plan to fight in a pair of sneakers. Go get a good pair of boots, and don't skimp. Water - Without it you're dead in 3 days, it is that simple. You absolutely must have water purification tablets. Plus, you'll need something to carry it in. USGI canteens can be had for less than $5 each, they hold 1 quart, and you can normally fit two canteen pouches on your LBE along with all of your other gear (and they have a neat little pocket on the pouch made especially for the little water purification pill bottle). Two quart canteens can also be carried or attached to your pack with Alice clips. There are also hydration packs available (Camel Backs). These can be had in a variety of capacities. I have seen them available in sizes up to 72 ounces. Shelter - Tent and/or sleeping bag. Some may opt to sleep under the stars and save the weight, but if you are in a harsh climate like the high desert, a hooch (tent) will keep you from getting baked (it can be used as a lean-to during the day to provide shade) or in the north during the long cold winters, a decent sleeping bag will keep you from getting frostbite or hypothermia. To conserve weight in your ruck, two men can share a sleeping bag (sleeping in shifts). Also, Mil-issue "pup tents" can be split between soldiers (each carries one shelter half w/ poles). These can be purchased for about $25-$50 on Ebay. Food - You should have at least a 3 day supply in your 72 hour battle pack. MREs are expensive, but they will last a long time. You can save space by breaking open the MRE and tightly wrapping the contents into a smaller package. But keep the heavy plastic bag. It has a multitude of uses (including as a dressing for a sucking chest wound). Canned food is cheaper, but heavier than an MRE. Another option is Coast guard survival rations. A three day supply of food is about the size of one MRE, but they have nowhere near the calorie content. They taste like a sugar cookie, and you need about a quart of water to wash down one ration, but they will keep you alive.


Uniform - Most militia folk (at least most of those in organized groups) wear some manner of uniform (also, it's required by the Geneva Conventions). Generally, they wear some manner of BDU (Battle Dress Uniform) with the pattern determined by their AO (Area of Operations). This is not to say that you MUST use BDUs. Anything that you would wear to hunt in the field would be perfect for militia use. The point is to blend in using durable clothing that can stand up to extended wear, and is comfortable. For wooded, mountainous terrain, the best camo is that old standby, woodland; available at any surplus store or online outlet. Next would be Marine Digital Pattern (MarPat). The current Army pattern, ACU (Advanced Combat Uniform), is supposed to work "in all environments". But, as the old adage goes, "camo that's made to work everywhere, actually works nowhere", could have been coined for the new Army digital camo. It's too grey for desert wear and way too light for the mountains of the northwestern united States.

Everywhere, it seems, you see the new "MultiCam" pattern, and while I'll admit it is a pretty sweet camo pattern, the problem is that it's also just been adopted by the US Army. We, as militia, try to differentiate ourselves from regular military, so might I suggest a nice ATACs pattern? Desert pattern works well southwest and high desert areas of America.

(see “Uniform Standard” for more info) Field Jacket & Liner - The most common is the USGI M65 field jacket, it is available in woodland and desert camo pattern. If you've got the cash, you may want to look at the Gortex versions of the jackets. The M65 with the liner will keep you quite warm, the Gortex will do the same and keep you dry at the same time. Knife - For Combat purposes this should be of the fixed blade variety, not a folder. A 5" blade seems to be the unspoken standard. The USMC issued K-BAR fills this requirement and is relatively inexpensive. Compass - Preferably the lensatic, military style with some manner of luminous dial. Along with a compass you should have topographical maps of your AO and surrounding areas, and a copy of the "Map Reading and Land Navigation" Army field manual. Entrenching Tool - An E-Tool, if you don't know, is a shovel. They are available at any camping store or military surplus outlet. Some have said, "If you buy from a military surplus store, opt for the more current tri-folder, versus the WWII style with the wooden handle. The tri-folders are more compact and lighter." The tri-folds are more compact and have that nice handle for digging. However, the old style are sturdier and can be used as a weapon (thrown, hacking). Study WWI trench warfare, the straight handled shovel is an indispensable backup weapon.


Flashlight - Any size or style, just make sure that it has a second red colored lens to use at night in tactical situations (reading a map); under a poncho, of course. Remember, even a red lens covered flashlight lights up like a Christmas Tree in Night Vision Goggles. First Aid Kit - You should have a combat field dressing, in a small first aid/compass pouch attached to your suspenders or vest on the left shoulder. Also, you need an Individual First Aid Kit attached to your LBE/LBV. Ready-made IFAK kits are available at most camping stores, and surplus shops. These should contain:

1. Pouch: attachable to web gear and conspicuously marked. 2. Compression bandage 1 minimum. 3. Assortment of bandages for minor wounds. 4. Tourniquet. 5. Tape (Heavy). 6. Pain medication, OTC.

These are minimum requirements for a basic IFAK. You may include other items as you need, such as needed medications and other items you feel may be beneficial.

Other items for consideration are: 1. Decompression needle. 2. IV starter kit w/ catheter needle 14Ga. 3. Blood stopping agents. 4. Suture kit (small)

Cold/Wet Weather Gear - For the cold, you'll want to be sure you have some decent long johns to wear under your uniform, along with a good pair of wool or polypro socks to keep your feet warm and dry.

For wet weather, you'll need a poncho, preferably two (one in your ruck and one under your buttpack with a poncho liner). If you have the money, you may want to look at the Gortex parka and pant sets. Hygiene Gear - Ya’ gotta keep clean, otherwise you are going to come down with nasty diseases and infection; soap, razors, shaving creme, toothpaste, toothbrush, etc. These are not optional things that are nice to have on hand, they are essential pieces of gear that you absolutely must have in order to fulfill the mission. Helpful hint: Take a roll of TP, pull out the cardboard tube, then flatten and stuff into a ziplock sandwich bag. Dispense by pulling tissue from the center of the roll.


Additional Gear - (Get this stuff as your budget allows)

Helmet - Kevlar or steel pot, worth it's weight in gold. Get one. (FYI... the kevlar helmet will better protect you noggin', but you can't use it as a shaving/wash basin). 30 Day Food Supply - Hopefully you will have a base of operations, because there is no way you are going to be able to carry a 30 day food supply on your back. Same as the 3 day supply for your 72 hour kit, it should be nonperishable, nothing that requires refrigeration. Ammo Cache - 1,000 rounds for your primary weapon. You should have as much as you can afford, and keep adding to it whenever your budget permits. If you opt for a sidearm, you should keep plenty of ammo on hand for that, too. 200 rounds is a good start. Binoculars - Admit it, your eyes aren't as good as you think they are. You need a good set of Binos to be able to identify friend from foe at a distance. Stieners are probably the best you can get, but you can get a decent set of 10x50's from the “Big Box” or similar stores for less than $60. Body Armor - Body armor is worth its weight in gold for obvious reasons. Unfortunately, it weighs about as much, too. So there’s a trade-off. (protection vs. mobility) GPS - GPS (Global Positioning System) is a piece of electronic gear that uses satellites to triangulate your position on the Earth. Since it is electronic, it is not foolproof, and does not replace your compass and topo maps. Water Filtration System - If you are pulling your water from a river and not your kitchen spigot, you need some way to get all of the unknown nasties out of it. Night Vision Equipment - If you decide to buy night vision equipment, be it goggles, or rifle scopes, don't skimp. Be sure to get 3rd generation technology. 1st generation plain ol' sucks, 2nd isn't much better, but 3rd generation actually works. Spare Rifle/Pistol Parts - The loudest sound on the battlefield is not a bomb going off or the belch of a machine-gun, but the unmistakable "click" of a trigger being pulled, followed by silence. Carry spare parts.

LFMS-04-06A LIGHT FOOT MILITIA STANDARDS 31

Standard Uniform

The Light Foot Militia standard uniform shall be the military-style Combat Uniform in woodland, desert, Multi-Cam or A-TACS camo pattern. When your unit chooses its uniform camo pattern, make sure it’s for these three reasons...

The color scheme matches your AO (area of operations). They are plentiful at surplus stores, gun shows and on-line sellers such as E-Bay. The U.S. Army and National Guard who wore the ACU digital camo pattern, are now

switching to the “MultiCam”-like uniform, so make sure you wear our Civil Flag patch and Spartan Helmet/crossed-swords patch to delineate you from active duty military. Roughly half our members are not ex-mil and we don’t want any “stolen valor” accusations.

You should try to acquire 2 sets of BDU's (one to wear, one in your pack) and an M-65 Field Jacket w/ liner (or similar). Dog Tags - ID tags will be standard military-style worn on a chain around the neck. If you feel so inclined, one tag may be worn on the neck chain, the other one tied underneath the bootlaces of the right boot. Information on the tag should include-

Last name, first name and middle initial (one or two lines)

The word “MILITIA” followed by your unit number/state # (for Boundary County, Idaho it would be 21/43) See “How to Start a Light Foot Unit” page, click on “Unit Numbering System”.

Blood type

Religious affiliation, if any. Headgear - Privates, Corporals and Sergeants will wear the GI “Boonie Hat”. All Officers will wear the Patrol Cap. Combat is confusing enough; being able to readily distinguish officers (without being overly obvious to the enemy) is of the utmost importance. (In the field on patrol, officers may opt for a boonie for its ability to break up your outline and hide you from enemy observation.)


Patches and Insignia - Light Foot militiamen shall wear on their right upper shoulder the US Civil Flag (reverse). This signifies our status as a civilian militia organization, not active duty military. In your shirt pocket, carry a subdued (green or tan) US Civil Flag patch when called into active duty, or “in the field” (i.e. switch them out when TSHTF). One each per BDU shirt or jacket.

For the history of the US Civil Flag go to www.uscivilflags.org.

To purchase contact [email protected]

Over the right breast pocket shall be the militiaman's last name tape. And over the left pocket will be the “(your state) MILITIA” tape. (Order one of each for each BDU shirt or jacket you have.

Your uniform camo, OD green or tan w/ black lettering.)

Rank insignia shall be worn on both collar tabs (BDU style) or center chest (new uniform style). (Ranks below 1st Sgt are issued by battalion command; All command officers are voted on by the

battalion membership)

http://www.uscivilflags.org/

mailto:[email protected]


We have a new custom patch supplier (USA) for all our Light Foot patches and name tapes! On the upper left shoulder shall be the “Spartan Helmet w/ Crossed Swords” unit patch.

A state patch can be added, as well.

Medical personnel may wear the “Tactical Medic–Spartan” patch.

Level 3 qualified militiamen who are part of a 6 man Select Weapons, Ordinance and Reconnaissance Detachment

(SWORD team) are eligible to wear the “Spartan – S.W.O.R.D.” patch.

Contact [email protected] for info on where to purchase flag patches, name tapes, rank, state and unit patches. (order color matching your unit’s standard uniform)

The Light Foot is in no way associated with, nor derives any profit from, the sale of these items.

mailto:[email protected]


When to wear the uniform - Civilian clothes may be worn at meetings or on the target range, but the standard uniform should be worn to all field training exercises. The standard uniform is not required for militia participation. If you have other military or hunter camouflage clothing, that's fine. But please understand that for unit cohesion, “esprit de corps” and to put forward a professional image to the public, you should try to acquire at least one set of your unit’s standard uniform as soon as you are able. Until the militia is called into active duty, the red/white/blue US Civil Flag patch and Light Foot unit patch (spartan helmet/crossed swords) should be worn on your uniform. This will make clear your disposition as a civilian militiaman to all who see you in uniform. Keep the subdued flag patch at the ready in your shirt or sleeve pocket and switch them out when activated by lawful authority and “in the field”. “Class B Uniform” – We have also adopted a more “public friendly” uniform for county unit meetings, gun shows, official engagements and meetings with county sheriff /local elected representatives. It is a short-sleeved polo style shirt with an embroidered Spartan patch on the upper left chest area, along with “Light Foot Militia”. The color scheme shall be determined by your state or county leadership. Match that up with a pair of snazzy 511 tactical slacks (Again, color chosen by command) and you have the makings of a professional image to put forth in public.


Evacuation and Mobilization SOP An evacuation may become necessary for many reasons; including natural or manmade disasters, civil unrest, terrorism etc. If you wait until the last minute to evacuate you will be caught up in the masses of panic stricken sheep who don't have a clue what to do. There may be rioting, looting and panic buying at the stores by the unprepared. Martial law will be declared; with curfews, gas and food rationing, checkpoints and roadblocks. DO NOT get caught in this mess.

You must pre-plan for these events. You must have somewhere to retreat to set up in advance and must have a Primary route

as well as 2 secondary routes planned. Always keep your gear packed and ready to go. Keep the gas tank full at all times and have at least two 5 gallon cans in reserve. Every vehicle must be equipped with a mobility kit.

Vehicle Mobility Kit:

✓ 2 - Cans Fix A Flat plus a tire plug kit ✓ 1 - Spare tire, jack and lug wrench ✓ 1 - 12 Volt compressor ✓ 1 - Set of tire chains ✓ 1 - Come along or winch ✓ 1 - Chain saw ✓ 1 – Axe, single bit ✓ 1 - Shovel ✓ 1 - Bolt cutter ✓ 2 - 5 gallon can of gas ✓ 1 - Each fuel and oil filter, 5 quarts oil ✓ 1 - spare fan belts, headlight, fuses ✓ 1 - Set basic tools ✓ 1 - Fire extinguisher ✓ 1 - Spotlight ✓ 1 - Flashlight and spare batteries ✓ CB radio ✓ Police/Fire/Emergency channel scanner

EVAC ROUTES: Prior reconnaissance is an absolute must. You will need a State Atlas and a USGS map of your Area of Operations. You need to plan out 3 routes in advance. The primary route should be the most direct possible. Avoid all interstates and major state highways. The alternate routes


should be back roads as far off the beaten path as possible. When selecting a route; look for all choke points and possible ambush sites so that you won't be surprised when the time comes. Once you have selected your routes drive them night and day under various conditions. You must familiarize yourself with these routes and come to know them like the back of your hand. You must know them well enough to drive them without lights. Look for out of the way sites to pre-deploy supplies along the way. OPSEC AND CONVOY OPS: The First step in preparing your evacuation plan is the pre-designation of an initial rendezvous point. It should be centrally located and enroute to the designated area of operations. Try to pick a high elevation that will provide a degree of cover and concealment. If the route is over 30 miles long, or passes through several small towns, then you must set up intermediate rally points, using the same criteria as above. Second, the Order of March: - First in line will be the lightest and least capable vehicle, carrying the forward security element. If the first vehicle crosses obstacles unassisted, then the rest of the convoy should have no problem. - Second in line is the heaviest and most capable vehicle carrying tow lines, winch, chain saw, axes and other vehicle recovery and road clearing equipment. In the event of a stuck vehicle or road block, this equipment will be used to clear it. The forward security element will position itself for rapid deployment in the event of an ambush during clearing operations. - Third and Fourth in line will be the supply vehicles and support personnel. Last in line will be the rear security element in a heavy 4WD, carrying equipment to create roadblocks (chainsaws, etc). Third: On the march, maintain maximum safe interval between vehicles. Don't bunch up; particularly at obstacles or possible ambush points. Each vehicle should remain in sight and small arms range of the vehicle in front and behind it. Minimize exposure by maintaining the interval at temporary halts. Fourth: Radio Communications must be maintained between vehicles. Use all COMSEC measures. Make no “on the air” references to road or place names, landmarks etc. Do not engage in useless chatter. Maintain radio silence as much as possible. Fifth: Laager (disperse in a circle) all vehicles under camouflage and concealment during any prolonged halt. Maintain light and noise discipline at all times. Both light and noise travel long distances at night in rural areas. Keep two sentries patrolling the circle in opposite directions so they can keep watch on the laager and each other. Rotate sentries every 2 hours.


COMMUNICATIONS SOP

1 - TRAINING STANDARDS Mission success depends on the unit commander’s ability to concentrate superior fire power at critical times and places. The key to this success is superiority in command and control via communications. Effective communication is essential to both the survival and the combat readiness of all units. To be competent in the field under adverse operating conditions, all Signal Corps personnel must meet the following Mil-Comm training standards. 1.1 - Team Radio Operator (TRO) Profile The TRO will carry, operate and maintain the team’s radio equipment. He must have a thorough understanding of its potential as well as its limitations and how to overcome them. He will aid the Team Leader by maintaining contact with the other teams in the field and / or the Base Command Structure. The TRO will train and become proficient in: 1) Basic Operating Procedures 2) Communications Security (COMSEC) 3) Basic Signal Intelligence gathering 4) Digital Encryption System 5) Sitrep/SALUTE SOP 6) Alert SOP 7) Unit Communications Equipment Operating Instructions (CEOI) 8) Construction of covert, field expedient antennas 1.2 - Communications Officer Profile The Communications Officer is responsible to his unit's Command Staff for the creation and implementation of communications systems and protocols within his respective Area of Operations. The Communications Officer will create, implement, and oversee the Rapid Alert System. He will see to it that a secure system of communications is implemented and will be in charge of all communications protocols, codes etc. He will coordinate his efforts with his respective Intelligence Officer and his Commander. He will create and oversee the Signal Intelligence (SIGINT) network. The Communications Officer will be the Net Control Operator (NCO) for his Area of Operations (AO), and will be an integral part of the Regional and State Communications Network.


The Communications Officer must be trained to the following Militia Signal Corps standards in addition to those of the TRO: 1) Must have a thorough knowledge of Signal Corps organization on both the Tactical and Strategic level. 2) Must be proficient in Net Control Station (NCS) operating procedures; and, meet the minimum equipment requirements to fulfill his assigned mission. 3) Must be proficient in PSK-31 (Phase Shift Keying, 31 Baud) operations. 4) Must be able to send and receive Morse code. 5) Must have a thorough working knowledge of all MilComm coding systems and protocols. 6) Must be able to develop and implement a battalion level (regional) Rapid Alert System for integrating communications with local units and teams in the field. 7) Must be trained and equipped to maintain contact with Regional, State and national communications networks. 8) Must be proficient in and equipped to gather Signal Intelligence (SIGINT) and to coordinate those activities with his/her unit’s Intelligence Officer and C/O. 2 SIGNAL CORPS ORGANIZATION 2.1 - Purpose and Overview Presently, it appears to many people that there exists an immediate necessity to set up a system of national communications which encompasses support for local and regional communications sub-systems. The objective is to be able to readily disseminate communications deemed to be of emergency nature. 2.2 - Obstacles Although there are logistical and economic concerns, security is the main obstacle to overcome in establishing a national and regional communications system for use by the established local units. 2.3 - Definitions For purposes of defining terms used herein, the following words, terms, or phrases shall have the following meanings:

▪ Region - as used herein the term Region means the pre-determined extent of the area of ▪ operations of any local unit or Division. (Regions/Divisions are established by state

Militias.) ▪ Division - as used herein the term Division is synonymous with Region. ▪ AO - means Area of Operations. ▪ Equipment - means radio communications devices. ▪ Communications Section - means radio stations established for relay of sit-reps between

Militias.


2.4 - Proposed System: Integrated networks a) Local Units - If organized by Militia Divisions within a state, all participating Local Units would have the capability to initiate sit-reps to their respective Division Communications section, by means of the equipment available in those Local Units; otherwise, Local Units would communicate directly with established state communications sections for in their respective AO. b) Division Communications - If organized by Militia Divisions within a state, Division Communications sections would subsequently make sit-reps based on sit-rep information received from Local Units to establish state-wide Communications stations by the means of the equipment in their respective Division Communications sections, otherwise the state Communications sections would receive local sit-reps.

1) As Division Communications sections receive and relay sit-reps from Local Units to state Communications sections, Division Communications sections would of necessity be required to have a broad range of equipment. A system of standardization would narrow the range of equipment required by both Local Units and Division Communications sections, thus enhancing economic concerns by reducing the broad range of different types of equipment necessary to meet the needs of receiving Local Unit sit-reps while shifting the emphasis upon use of codes and/or encryption means.

c) State Communications - Within each state there should be a minimum of 3, maximum of 24, relay stations operating on a 24/7 basis, capable of receiving sit-reps from all Divisions within state geographical area and subsequently passing sit-rep to ERPN at regularly scheduled time of transmission, or, during emergency to a designated national communications section.

1) State Communications relay stations operating on a 24/7 basis are necessary for purposes of handling emergency traffic from Division and Local Units, passing that traffic along to a national communications section for processing and re-distribution.

*NOTE: A working example of how such a system could be applied can be observed by monitoring what is called "MidCARS" on 7.258 MHz. "MidCARS" is a mid-America regional Amateur Radio Service which passes traffic along to any stations checking into that net. Numerous stations act as Net Control operators and pass along and periodically transfer Net Control operations along to another station to assume Net Control perations, usually hourly. If a full complement of 24 state control operators were established in each state, each operator would serve as Net Control for 1 hour.)

2) It should only be necessary for one state relay station to pass traffic to ERPN during regularly scheduled Net operations. The then current operating state Net Control station would pass sit-rep traffic to ERPN. Dependent upon the number state relay stations acting as Net Control a rotational schedule could be assigned to the participating state Net Control Comm. section.

3) State Communications stations would be required to have available at that station


a broad range of communications equipment for passing traffic between Local Units, Division Comm. sections, and ERPN.

The foregoing would require several means of communications hardware and software, (i.e. voice, analog, digital) be available for receiving and sending traffic within the various Division and state levels. This would provide to local units the means to monitor traffic between Division, state, and national communications stations dependent upon individual local unit’s equipment availability. Participating Local Units can issue sit-reps other Local Units, Division and/or state communications sections, dependent upon state Militia structure, using designated "public" sitrep frequencies and/or alternate sitrep frequencies which are monitored 24/7. Normal sit-reps or emergency sit-reps will be relayed according to established SOP's which control use of net operations, and which shall, in case of emergency situation, allocate sit-rep frequencies, tac-frequencies and call sign designation, and any other pertinent tactical information. 3 TACTICAL COMMO 101 Communications is equally as important to your survival as planning and organization. During a disaster all forms of communications in current use may fail or be shut down by the government. Every group must set up a reliable means of communications in advance that is totally independent of outside control or power sources. Commanders who fail to implement tactical networks and communications plans will be unable to command, control or coordinate their forces. They will be deaf, dumb, and blind during a crisis. 3.1 - Tactical Communications (TACCOM) Defined Tactical communications are short range, ground-wave (line of sight) communications used in your Area of Operations between team members, teams, squads and their firebase or command center. TACCOM also includes the Local and Regional networks. Local is for the Rapid Alert System within your county. Regional is the counties surrounding your A/O. 3.2 - Range of Operations Normal range may be considered .5-5 miles for team to team communications, 5-15 miles for team to base communications and up to 50+ miles for base to base communications. 3.3 - Purpose Area Commanders use Tactical Communication to direct fire and movement, call for resupply, reinforcement, Med-Evac, etc., operate the local Rapid Alert System, and to maintain contact with other units in surrounding counties. 3.4 - Tactical Networks Consist of 3 base radio stations per county, equipped for SSB/Encrypted PSK-31 operation; plus mobile radios in EVERY vehicle. These base stations provide communications between the base of operations and the teams deployed in the field. They will also act as relay stations between the


different A/Os within the region. They will remain operational on a 24-hour basis during a crisis or when the teams are deployed. They will monitor all unit frequencies and gather SIGINT from enemy communications. They must be able to receive and transmit over long distance using self contained power sources. 3.5 - Communications Equipment Operating Instructions (CEOI) The Communications Equipment Operating Instructions (CEOI) is contained in a small laminated notebook and must be carried by all communications personnel. Every tactical network and team must have this to avoid confusion and to maintain OPSEC. The CEOI contains: 7 split-frequency pairs to be used on a rotational basis, net/tac-call signs with an authenticator keyset, codes in use for the net and units during an activity, operation or period of time, and other instructions as needed. Codes are randomly chosen letter number groups of varying length (may resemble the 10- code) Different codes are used for the same thing. All codes and frequencies must be changed often, even daily. 3.6 - Equipment Tactical communications equipment must be lightweight, portable and have sufficient range to maintain contact with all team members and the base of operations. It must also be compatible with the base station equipment in use. 3.7 - Band and Equipment Overview Several bands and modes are available that will meet the above criteria: UHF-High Band, VHF-Low Band, and the Free band. (1) - UHF-High Band

UHF is strictly limited range, line of sight communications better suited for the urban environment. UHF signals penetrate buildings and metal clutter well, but the signal is attenuated or absorbed by dense foliage and heavy terrain.

(2) - FRS Most groups are familiar with or use Family Radio Service (FRS) equipment. FRS has 14 UHF channels, a maximum output of .5 watt, a fixed (non-removable antenna) and a very limited real world range of about 1.5 miles. FRS radios only use is for clear, simple to use communications within a team. They have very limited range, No privacy and being FM are very easily DF-ed. The so called "privacy codes" aren't. All they do is limit YOUR ability to hear others on the same frequencies near you. Also, don't waste your money on encrypted units. Most use simple speech inversion circuitry which will confuse the basic moron; but won’t slow down a smart 12 year old with access to common gear lying around the house. If "the man" is within range, encryption isn’t going to help you anyway.


(3) - GMRS A better UHF solution for urban ops is the General Mobile Radio Service. GMRS has 23 FM channels (7 of which are compatible with FRS). The first 8 channels are for base/mobile/HT simplex use, which are:

▪ 462.550 – GMRS Channel 15 ▪ 462.575 – GMRS Channel 16 ▪ 462.600 – GMRS Channel 17 ▪ 462.625 – GMRS Channel 18 ▪ 462.650 – GMRS Channel 19 ▪ 462.675 – GMRS Channel 20 (Emergency Use Only) ▪ 462.700 – GMRS Channel 21 ▪ 462.725 – GMRS Channel 22

There are 8 frequencies in the 467.000 MHz band that are for repeater input use only. These are:

▪ 467.550 - GMRS Channel 15 Repeater ▪ 467.575 - GMRS Channel 16 Repeater ▪ 467.600 - GMRS Channel 17 Repeater ▪ 467.625 - GMRS Channel 18 Repeater ▪ 467.650 - GMRS Channel 19 Repeater ▪ 467.675 - GMRS Channel 20 Repeater ▪ 467.700 - GMRS Channel 21 Repeater ▪ 467.725 - GMRS Channel 22 Repeater

Next, there are 7 interstitial channels located between the regular GMRS frequencies that are compatible with the first 7 FRS frequencies. These are:

▪ 462.5625 - FRS Channel 1 ▪ 462.5875 - FRS Channel 2 ▪ 462.6125 - FRS Channel 3 ▪ 462.6375 - FRS Channel 4 ▪ 462.6625 - FRS Channel 5 ▪ 462.6875 - FRS Channel 6 ▪ 462.7125 - FRS Channel 7

Equipment is available with up to 50 watts output for up to 25 mile range. Most HT's have 15 channels with a 2 watt output. Range is approximately 5 miles. Midland currently offers a mil-spec HT with all 23 channels and 2 watts ERP. Other companies are offering HTs with up to 5 watts ERP, 15 channels plus NOAA weather scan. Prices are around $150.

For increased range, All of these HT's can be upgraded with 1/2 wave 2.5 db gain whip antennas. For mobile operation, magnetic mount antennas are available with up to 5 db gain.


To set up a GMRS network for your AO that has approx. 6-15 mile coverage; take a 5 watt HT with a speaker mike and connect it to an outdoor antenna mounted 20-30 feet high. Use the best low loss 50 ohm coax you can find such as LMR-400. Keep the cable run 50 feet or less. For general coverage in all directions use an omnidirectional vertical such as a J-pole or one of the readily available commercial antennas. To increase your range further, and for a little more COMSEC, take a 10db gain 440 MHz 4-element beam, cut it down for 1.1 SWR on the GMRS band and turn it with a TV rotor. You could also build this antenna out of rigid copper pipe for almost nothing. *NOTE: The FCC demands that you pay a $75 tax (license) to operate on GMRS. They readily admit that the purpose of the tax is to "catch scofflaws" who owe child support or the IRS. Due to the short-range nature of GMRS, enforcement of the rules has been rather lax. Anyone can buy a GMRS rig and most are tossing the paperwork in the trash. No one will check to see if you have a license unless you interfere with another licensed operator. So, NEVER interfere with a frequency when it is in use or another operator. Also, the FCC issues a call sign with each new license. It is a 3 by 4 call that should be very familiar to the old Class D CB operators. A GMRS call will look like this: KFW- 1234. So, if you don't have a call, make one up. BE aware that the FRS/GMRS frequencies are in the same band used by local, State, and Federal law enforcement agencies, and that they can monitor your communications in a split second. (4) - VHF-Low Band Here’s where it starts to get interesting. VHF Low Band is preferred in rugged terrain because LB signals are much less affected by hills or dense foliage than VHF (2- meter) or UHF. This is probably the reason why the military uses TACCOMM radios that operate from 30.000-87.975 MHz. 6-Meter Low Band (50.-54.000 MHz) is well suited for TACCOM operations at the local and regional level. In most areas of the country this band sees little use and has been all but forgotten by the Tech class hams who think that 2 meters is the only band. There is little interference or overcrowding. Typical mobile range is 40-50 miles. During years of high sun spot activity, occasional band openings allow base stations running beam antennas and power to reach out several hundred miles. HT's for this band operate in the FM mode with an output of 5 watts. This is plenty of power for 5-15 mile range. Field expedient antennas for 6 meters are small, easily made and will increase the range even further. Mobile rigs such as the Ranger 5054 will operate CW, SSB or FM with 25 watts output. Most of the 6 meter HT's and mobile rigs can be broad banded to cover the military frequencies which has many advantages. Quarter wave mobile whip antennas are approx. 4.5 feet tall and cost about $25.


(5) - ARRL 6-Meter (50-54 MHz) Band plan:

▪ 50.000-50.100 CW, beacons ▪ 50.100-50.300 SSB, CW ▪ 50.100-50.125 DX sub-band ▪ 50.125 Old DX SSB Call ▪ 50.200 New DX SSB Call ▪ 50.300-50.600 All Modes ▪ 50.400 AM Call ▪ 50.600-50.800 Digital ▪ 50.620 Packett Call ▪ 51.000-51.100 West Coast DX

*NOTE: All frequencies above 51.10 are spaced 20 kHz apart on "even" channels.

▪ 51.500-51.600 Simplex (6 channels) ▪ 51.120-51.480 Repeater Input (19 channels) ▪ 51.620-51.980 Repeater Output (19 channels) ▪ 52.000-52.480 Repeater Input (23 channels except...) ▪ 52.0-52.04 FM SIMPLEX ▪ 52.500-52.980 Repeater Output (23 channels except) ▪ 52.525 PRIMARY FM SIMPLEX ▪ 52.540 SECONDARY FM SIMPLEX ▪ 53.000-53.480 Repeater Input (19 channels) ▪ 53.000 BASE FM SIMPLEX ▪ 53.020 Simplex ▪ 53.520-53.980 FM Simplex ▪ Upper HF 12-11-10 Meters

Being at the upper end of the High Frequency scale; these bands offer long range nationwide communications during daytime band openings and have excellent propagation in hilly, forested terrain. Ground wave signals will cover 60+ miles base to base, 24 hours a day. During band opening ranges of thousands of miles are possible. First Europe and the North will come in then as the day advances, Latin America, the Pacific West and Australia. These bands usually open about 1 hour after sunrise and stay up until around 9 pm local at night. A 25 watt, broad banded mobile rig, such as the Ranger 2950DX or the old Uniden HR-2510 coupled to a 102 inch steel whip will have a range of approx. 35-40 miles. The mobile rig will work well for a 40-60 mile coverage base station with a power supply, set of meters/tuner and a vertical 5/8's wave antenna mounted 36' high. For a little more stealth and increased range, use a 3 element horizontal beam, a TV rotor and 40' mast. Most hams operate in USB mode on these bands while the freebanders tend to use LSB.


(6) - ARRL 10-Meter Band plan:

▪ 28.000-28.070-CW ▪ 28.070-28.150-CW/Data ▪ 28.120-28.189-Packett/Data/CW ▪ 28.190-28.300-CW/Beacons ▪ 28.300-28.500-Most SSB activity ▪ 28.500-29.699-SSB and FM ▪ 28.590-ARRL Emergency Net 28.680-SSTV ▪ 29.300-29.510-Satellites ▪ 29.510-29.590-Repeater Inputs ▪ 29.600-National FM Simplex Frequency ▪ 29.610-29.690-Repeater Output (Base) ▪ Freeband-27.405-27.995 (Upper Band) ▪ 27.500 National MilComm Monitor ▪ 27.555 National DX Call Frequency ▪ 11-Meter-26.965-27.405 (CB) ▪ 27.385LSB-Ch.38-National Contact Frequency ▪ Freeband-25.000-26.960 (Low Band) ▪ 12 Meter-24.890-24.990 ▪ 24.890-24.930-CW/Data ▪ 24.930-24.990-USB

(7) - Militia Signal Corps Tactical Band plan The following simplex frequencies are for Initial Contact only. Use them to contact friendly forces when you are out of your area of operations. Do not use these frequencies for any mission critical information. When calling for a militia contact on these frequencies: Call "CQ for the MSC DX group". All groups nationwide are urged to monitor these frequencies 24/7.

▪ Tac1 27.325 AM/LSB-Alternate Call (Channel 32) ▪ Tac2 27.385LSB-Primary Local Call (Channel 38) ▪ Tac3 27.555LSB Primary DX Call ▪ Tac4 29.600FM Simplex Call ▪ Tac5 52.525FM Simplex Primary Call ▪ Tac6 52.040FM Simplex Alternate Call ▪ Tac7 146.485FM Simplex Call ▪ Tac8 146.520FM Simplex Call ▪ Tac9 462.6125FM (channel 3 FRS)


3.8 - MINIMUM EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS:

▪ 1 FRS/GMRS radio with spare batteries, per team member. Team Radio Operators Field Gear:

▪ 1 Gear bag ▪ 1 GMRS Radio with hi-gain whip antenna per team, 2 per squad* ▪ 1 200 channel scanner * ▪ 1 Headset w/boom mike for radios ▪ 2 Red light sticks and/or Mag-Lite with red filter ▪ 1 CEOI on laminated 3x5 cards ▪ 1 Notepad w/pencil or pen ▪ 1 Topographical map of team’s Area of Operation (AO) ▪ 1 Mini-binoculars 12x25 ▪ 1 Man pack rechargeable battery system (7ah with various connectors to adopt to

all squad equipment) *NOTE: Option - The Yaesu VX-5r HT can replace all squad radios as well as do double duty as a scanner. It will give you the ability to TRX on 6 & 2 meter, 70cm (440), FRS/GMRS, MURS, and many other frequencies. It can also monitor HF shortwave as well as military, aircraft and all local, State and Federal agency frequencies.

4 RAPID ALERT SYSTEM (RAS) 4.1 - Purpose All local, state and national units need to implement, maintain and regularly test a Rapid Alert System (RAS) so that all members may be notified about any emergency situation. The RAS consists of five elements: 1) Emergency Deployment Plan: Which consists of rendezvous/rally points, persons you are to report to, and specific member assignments during the emergency. 2) Telephone Tree: Each member must have a contact list of other members to call or page. This contact list should include all members of your Local Unit, as well as your State Commander, XO and Communications Officer. The phone tree will be used to notify all members, of the activation of the Communications Network and their unit’s mobilization. (See SOP.) 3) E-Mail: For issuing SIT-REPS, SALUTE reports, announcements etc. All sensitive or mission critical information should be encrypted by the most secure means available. At the present time use: the Communications forum at awrm.org for information that is for dissemination to the "public" and the Comm. Officers forum for more critical communications.


4) Radio Networks: Are radio stations grouped together for the purpose of message handling, relaying sit-reps, and for the Command Staffs use in coordination and focus of effort. (See Organizational Overview by 1371.) Local Nets should consist of at least 3 radio stations per county that are capable of contact with each other as well as with the teams in the field. At least 1 of these stations must be capable of contact with all surrounding counties and the nearest Regional Net Control Station. Regional Nets are comprised of several counties grouped together for mutual support. These Regional Nets will form the State Network. At least 3 regional stations must be capable of maintaining contact throughout their respective state as well as being able to contact the National (ERPN) Network. The most capable station in this state network will be designated the State Net Control Station. It must be capable of maintaining Local, Statewide, and nationwide contact at all times. 5) Neighborhood Alerts: Members will be designated to ride through the local neighborhood alerting the people in their Area of Operations (AO). A siren, bell, and or P.A. system may also be used. 4.2 - Activation of the RAS The Local RAS may be activated by any member of the particular unit involved. But, every effort must be made to follow the chain of command, especially at the Regional and State level. Any time the State RAS is activated it should be called by the C/O, X/O, or Comm. O. and only after confirmation of the local sit-reps with the Local C/O. If the crisis is of a statewide nature it should then be passed on to the national level by the State Net Control Station. 4.3 - Telephone Tree SOP (a) - Summary:

1. C/O notifies Team Leaders 2. Team Leaders notify team members 3. Team Leaders report status back to C/O

(b) - Detailed Procedure:

1) Notify Team Leaders: The decision to activate the telephone tree is made by the C/O, X/O or other Command Staff. They will contact the TEAM Leaders and advise them of:

a. The nature of the emergency. b. Any special instructions. c. The telephone number and or frequency where TL's can report back the status of their teams to the C/O. If any TL's can't be reached backups will be called.


2) Notify Team Members: a. Each Team Leader will then notify all the individual members of his team; advising them of:

✓ The nature of the emergency. ✓ Any special instructions. ✓ Requisites them to monitor the ERPN, their State Net and the Local

Emergency Frequency for further instructions and sit-reps. 4.4 - Levels of Alertness Over the years we've saw every kind of alert imaginable; most of them false or someone jumping the gun. These "alerts" usually come with no confirmation or follow up. Meanwhile, everyone runs around for 2 days trying to find out what is going on. Only State Commanding Officers or State Communications Officers should issue an alert. Local groups should maintain contact with these officers and issue sit-reps as necessary up the chain of command to them. Only upon double-confirmation and a decision by the State C/O, should local sit-reps be passed on or an alert issued. A standardized SOP or Protocol for Sit-reps and Alert Levels should be adopted. 4.5 - ALERT LEVELS: Level 1 "RED" Incident in Progress: Nationwide Communications Network in operation and monitored 24/7. Local and State Nets activated. Emergency Deployment Plan activated and all units mobilized. Level 2 "YELLOW" Credible Threat: Rapid Alert System activated and all Local, State and Nationwide nets in "open mode" operation 24/7. All units are at pre-assigned locations and awaiting further orders. Level 3 Potential Threat: All equipment packed and ready to go. All members stay in daily contact with Team Leaders via the Local Radio Network. Local Nets make weekly contact with the State Net. Monitor ERPN on schedule. Level 4 Minimal Threat: All equipment available. Members maintain standard contact with Team Leaders through the weekly Local Radio Net. Level 5 Standby: All members monitor shortwave, ERPN, and local frequencies for developing situations.


4.6 - Message Format CALL --- Give call sign of the station you are attempting to contact. Then, your call sign. After the Net Control Station acknowledges, you may proceed with your message. Transmit information in the following order:

- PRECEDENCE --- Routine, Priority, or Emergency - TIME --- Followed by date-time group, i.e. 012302-1830 - FROM --- Followed by call sign of person sending message (if different from

that of the sender). - TO --- The person or unit the message is for ..."BREAK" - TEXT OF MESSAGE --- Encode and limit to 25 words if possible.

Use the D.E.S., Brevity Code, Sitrep, and SALUTE format per Mil-Comm SOP. 5 SRATCOMM and TACOMM SOP 5.1 - Purpose The National Network's mission is to provide emergency communications for the various states by acting as points of contact and relay stations. OPSEC and COMSEC apply at all times. The Eastern Regional Patriots Net is a directed net for SIT-REPS, SALUTE reports, message handing/relay, and announcements. We need reports and updates on natural / manmade disasters, civil distress / unrest, police militarization, Posse Comitatus Act violations, military activities in civilian areas, FEMA actions against citizens, FBI/ATF action in local jurisdictions, LE/Military roadblocks, and checkpoints, martial law declarations, weapons confiscations etc. TIME: All times given are in UTC. Monitor the appropriate frequencies per SOP, on the hour, from five minutes before until five minutes after. COMSEC: These frequencies are "public" knowledge; therefore no Mission Critical traffic should be passed. Use all COMSEC measures including the Militia Brevity Code. Be prepared to hit and bounce at ALL times. FREQUENCIES: Don't give out frequencies over the air Use the "F" or "A" code.


5.2 - National Emergency Net: F-1__03.860-LSB-Nightime Monitor Eastern Regional Patriot Net meets every night @ 0100 hours. F-2__07.275-LSB-Net-Primary Daytime Monitor F-3__10.145-LSB Digital Net

- 1100, 1300, 1400, and 1700 hours. - Call for KC2AXU-15NPS (National Patriot System) - Use mailbox if NCS is not online. - Leave your ID and a brief message. - Use the Brevity Code

F-4__14.345-USB-Alternate Daytime Monitor F-5__18.140-USB-Alternate Daytime Monitor F-6__27.555-Daytime Monitor/DX Initial Contact F-7__28.333-USB-ConSigCor 5.4 - "Tac-Call" Initial Contact Band plan: The following simplex frequencies are for initial contact only. Do not use them to pass any mission critical information. Use them to contact friendly forces when you are out of your area of operations. When attempting to make contact with the militia; Call "CQ for MSC DX group". All units should monitor these frequencies 24/7.

o Tac1 27.325 AM/SSB Alternate o Tac2 27.385 LSB Primary Local Contact Frequency o Tac3 27.555 LSB Primary Nationwide DX Daytime Call Frequency o Tac4 29.600 FM o Tac5 52.025 FM Primary o Tac6 52.040 FM Alternate o Tac7 146.485 FM Primary o Tac8 146.520 FM Alternate o Tac9 462.6125 FM (channel 3 FRS) o *6.900* Emergency Broadcast System

Monitor on the hour during emergencies for news and announcements.


Appendix A: NATIONWIDE PATRIOT RADIO CHANNEL FREQUENCY LIST |CHANNEL|FREQUENCY = | DESCRIPTION |NAME =| MHZ === MODE| DESCRIPTION | ==== | ============| ======= ======= ======== |FRS1PL| 462.5625 NFM| FRS 1 WITH TONE SQUELCH |FRS 1 | 462.5625 NFM| FRS 1 NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH |FRS 2 | 462.5625 NFM| FRS 2 |FRS 3 | 462.6125 NFM| FRS 3 PATRIOT PREPPERS |FRS 4 | 462.6375 NFM| FRS 4 JEEP 4X4 CLUBS |FRS 5 | 462.6625 NFM| FRS 5 |FRS 6 | 462.6875 NFM| FRS 6 |FRS 7 | 462.7125 NFM| FRS 7 |FRS 9 | 467.5875 NFM| FRS 8 |FRS 8 | 467.5625 NFM| FRS 9 |FRS 10| 467.6125 NFM| FRS 10 |FRS 11| 467.6375 NFM| FRS 11 |FRS 12| 467.6625 NFM| FRS 12 |FRS 13| 467.6875 NFM| FRS 13 |FRS 14| 467.7125 NFM| FRS 14 |GMRS15| 462.5500 FM | GMRS 15 |GMR15A| 467.5500 FM | GMRS INPUT |GMR15R| 462.5500+FM | GMRS REPEATER 550 |GMRS16| 462.5750 FM | GMRS 16 |GMR16A| 467.5750 FM | GMRS INPUT |GMR16R| 462.5750+FM | GMRS REPEATER 575 |GMRS17| 462.6000 FM | GMRS 17 PATRIOT TACTICAL |GMR17A| 467.6000 FM | GMRS INPUT |GMR17R| 462.6000+FM | GMRS REPEATER 600 |GMRS18| 462.6250 FM | GMRS 18 |GMR18A| 467.6250 FM | GMRS INPUT |GMR18R| 462.6250+FM | GMRS REPEATER 625 |GMRS19| 462.6500 FM | GMRS 19 |GMR19A| 467.6500 FM | GMRS INPUT |GMR19R| 462.6500+FM | GMRS REPEATER 650 |GMRS20| 462.6750 FM | GMRS 20 HIGHWAY REACT |GMR20A| 467.6750 FM | GMRS INPUT |GMR20R| 462.6750+FM | GMRS REPEATER 675 |GMRS21| 462.7000 FM | GMRS 21 |GMR21A| 467.7000 FM | GMRS INPUT |GMR21R| 462.7000+FM | GMRS REPEATER 700 |GMRS22| 462.7250 FM | GMRS 22 |GMR22A| 467.7250 FM | GMRS INPUT


|CHANNEL|FREQUENCY = | DESCRIPTION |NAME =| MHZ === MODE| DESCRIPTION | ==== | ============| ======= ======= ======== |GMR22R| 462.7250+FM | GMRS REPEATER 725 |J DOT | 467.7625 FM | BUSINESS J DOT / FREEBAND |K DOT | 467.8125 FM | BUSINESS K DOT / FREEBAND |SVRSTR| 467.8500 FM | BUSINESS SILVER STAR / FREEBAND |GLDSTR| 467.8750 FM | BUSINESS GOLD STAR / FREEBAND |REDSTR| 467.9000 FM | BUSINESS RED STAR / FREEBAND |BLUSTR| 467.9250 FM | BUSINESS BLUE STAR / FREEBAND |BRNDOT| 464.5000 FM | BUSINESS BROWN DOT / FREEBAND |YELDOT| 464.5500 FM | BUSINESS YELLOW DOT / FREEBAND |REDDOT| 151.6250 FM | BUSINESS RED DOT / FREEBAND / PATRIOT |PRPDOT| 151.9550 FM | BUSINESS PURPLE DOT / FREEBAND / PATRIOT |MURS1 | 151.8200 FM | MURS 1 |MURS2 | 151.8800 FM | MURS 2 |MURS3 | 151.9400 FM | MURS 3 PATRIOT NATIONWIDE PRIMARY |MURS3N| 151.9400 NFM| MURS 3 NARROWBAND |MURS4 | 154.5700 FM | MURS 4 PATRIOT REGIONAL SECONDARY |MURS5 | 154.6000 FM | MURS 5 |BIZ 3 | 152.8850 FM | BUSINESS 3 / FREEBAND / PATRIOT |BIZ 4 | 152.9150 FM | BUSINESS 4 / FREEBAND |BIZ 5 | 151.7000 FM | BUSINESS 5 / FREEBAND |BIZ 6 | 151.7600 FM | BUSINESS 6 / FREEBAND |BIZ 7 | 152.9450 FM | BUSINESS 7 / FREEBAND |BIZ 8 | 151.8350 FM | BUSINESS 8 / FREEBAND |BIZ 9 | 151.8050 FM | BUSINESS 9 / FREEBAND |BIZ 10| 151.5125 FM | BUSINESS 10/ FREEBAND |BIZ 11| 151.6550 FM | BUSINESS 11/ FREEBAND |BIZ 12| 151.6850 FM | BUSINESS 12/ FREEBAND |BIZ 13| 151.7150 FM | BUSINESS 13/ FREEBAND |BIZ 14| 151.7450 FM | BUSINESS 14/ FREEBAND |BIZ 15| 151.7750 FM | BUSINESS 15/ FREEBAND |BIZ 16| 151.8650 FM | BUSINESS 16/ FREEBAND |BIZ 17| 151.8950 FM | BUSINESS 17/ FREEBAND / PATRIOT |BIZ 18| 151.9250 FM | BUSINESS 18/ FREEBAND |BIZ 19| 152.7000 FM | BUSINESS 19/ FREEBAND |BIZ 20| 154.4900 FM | BUSINESS 20/ FREEBAND |BIZ 21| 154.5150 FM | BUSINESS 21/ FREEBAND |BIZ 22| 154.5275 FM | BUSINESS 22/ FREEBAND |BIZ 23| 154.5400 FM | BUSINESS 23/ FREEBAND |BIZ 24| 153.0050 FM | BUSINESS 24/ FREEBAND |BIZ 25| 154.6550 FM | BUSINESS 25/ FREEBAND |BIZ 26| 158.4000 FM | BUSINESS 26/ FREEBAND


|CHANNEL|FREQUENCY = | DESCRIPTION |NAME =| MHZ === MODE| DESCRIPTION | ==== | ============| ======= ======= ======== |BIZ 27| 158.4075 FM | BUSINESS 27/ FREEBAND |BOAT16| 156.8000 FM | MARINE BOATS CH 16 DISTRESS |BOAT72| 156.6250 FM | MARINE BOATS CH 72 PATRIOT |BOAT76| 156.8250 FM | MARINE BOATS CH 76 PATRIOT |HAMV42| 146.4200 FM | HAM CHANNEL 146.420 PATRIOT |HAMV48| 146.4850 FM | HAM CHANNEL 146.485 |HAMV52| 146.5200 FM | HAM CHANNEL 146.520 SIMPLEX |HAMV53| 146.5300 FM | HAM CHANNEL 146.530 |HAMV55| 146.5500 FM | HAM CHANNEL 146.550 SURVIVALIST |HAMV72| 146.7250 FM | HAM CHANNEL 146.725 |HAM U | 446.0000 FM | HAM CHANNEL 446.000 SIMPLEX |HAM U2| 446.0250 FM | HAM CHANNEL 446.025 |HAM U3| 446.0300 FM | HAM CHANNEL 446.030 PREPPER PMR |HAM U4| 445.9750 FM | HAM CHANNEL 446.975 | WX 1 | 162.5500 FM | WEATHER CHANNEL 1 RECEIVE ONLY | WX 2 | 162.4000 FM | WEATHER CHANNEL 2 | WX 3 | 162.4750 FM | WEATHER CHANNEL 3 | WX 4 | 162.4250 FM | WEATHER CHANNEL 4 | WX 5 | 162.4500 FM | WEATHER CHANNEL 5 | WX 6 | 162.5000 FM | WEATHER CHANNEL 6 | WX 7 | 162.5250 FM | WEATHER CHANNEL 7 UHF |HAM U975=| 446.9750 FM | MILITIA HAM SIMPLEX UHF |HAM U025=| 446.0250 FM | PATRIOT HAM SIMPLEX UHF |FRS 3 ===| 462.6125 FM | MILITIA PATRIOT FRS PRIMARY VHF |MURS 3 ==| 151.9400 FM | MILITIA PATRIOT MURS PRIMARY VHF |HAM 42 ==| 146.4200 FM | PATRIOT MILITIA HAM SIMPLEX VHF |HAM 485 =| 146.4850 FM | MILITIA HAM SOUTHEASTERN SIMP VHF |HAM 53 ==| 146.5300 FM | PATRIOT MILITIA HAM SIMPLEX VHF |HAM 55 ==| 146.5500 FM | PATRIOT HAM SIMPLEX VHF |HAM 725 =| 146.7250 FM | MILITIA HAM SIMPLEX HF =|HAM 10 M | 028.3000 USB| MILITIA HAM EASTERN HF =|HAM 10 M | 028.3050 USB| PATRIOT HAM NATIONWIDE PRIMARY HF =|HAM 10 M | 028.3100 USB| PATRIOT HAM NATIONWIDE HF =|HAM 10 M | 028.3200 USB| PATRIOT HAM NATIONWIDE CB =|CB 3 AM =| 026.9850 AM | MILITIA PATRIOT CB COMMON CB =|CB 3 USB | 026.9850 USB| MILITIA AM USB OR LSB CB =|CB 14 AM | 027.1250 AM | MILITIA CB SOUTHEASTERN LOCAL CB =|CB 32 LSB| 027.3250 LSB| MILITIA CB SSB SOUTHEAST CB =|CB 36 USB| 027.3650 USB| MILITIA PATRIOT CB CB =|CB 37 USB| 027.3750 USB| PATRIOT CB SSB NATIONWIDE


Appendix B: 3-3-3 Radio Plan Remember the Rule of Three: o Use FRS Channel 3 or MURS Channel 3 o Every 3 hours o For 3 minutes


Appendix C: Amateur Radio Antenna Length Chart


OPSEC/COMSEC/PHYSEC SOP

1-- Purpose To create a standard operating procedure (SOP) for Operations Security (OPSEC), Communications (COMSEC) and Physical Security (PHYSEC) measures. 2 -- References • Army Regulation 530-1 Operations and Signal Security • FM 24-12 Communications In A ‘Come-As-You-Are’ War • Light Infantry Tactics: For Small Teams by Christopher Larson • Physical Security: A Primer and a Story of Why It’s Necessary / Terra Verde • Army in Korea Regulation 530-1: Operations and Signal Security 3 -- Definitions • Operations Security (OPSEC): A process that identifies and determines if critical information and friendly actions can be observed by enemy intelligence, determines if information obtained by adversaries could be interpreted to be useful to them, and then executes selected measures that eliminate or reduce adversary exploitation of friendly critical information. • Communications Security (COMSEC): The discipline of preventing unauthorized interceptors from accessing telecommunications in an intelligible form, while still delivering content to the intended recipients. It is used for any form of communication, whether it is digital, paper, or telecommunications. • Physical Security (PHYSEC): It is the application of physical barriers and control procedures as countermeasures against threats to resources and sensitive information. The security discipline concerned with physical measures designed to safeguard personnel; prevent unauthorized access to equipment, installations, material, and documents; and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage, damage, and theft. 4 -- Scope Any organization, regardless of size or purpose, must maintain good COMSEC and OPSEC. In the business world, poor COMSEC and OPSEC mean that competitors gain unobstructed access to sensitive proprietary plans, parts, schematics, and manufacturing operations. For militia purposes, COMSEC and OPSEC are even more vital. To breach either can bring about the death, wounding, or capture of friendly forces. To this end, it is necessary to ensure that all vital information be treated as if there are constant active attempts at breaches and thefts of sensitive information.


The principal OPSEC elements of Physical Security (PHYSEC), information security (INFOSEC), signal security (COMSEC), and militia deception must be continually applied, not only during combat operations, but also during peacetime planning. This ensures the protection of militia operations and activities and prevents hostile exploitation of identified weaknesses. Shortages of equipment and personnel, equipment interface problems, training deficiencies, and other such problems are exploitable weaknesses that must be properly protected. Remember, the way we practice is the way we fight. 5 -- OPERATIONS SECURITY (OPSEC) Operations Security is essential for any group to succeed, be it in the professional fields or the militia. For the competitor, or opposing forces, in the case of the militia, to learn of your intentions, methods, and communications can mean failure in a mission. Operations security covers many facets of all security measures. It can be broken down into three major groups; Communications Security (COMSEC) and Physical Security (PHYSEC), and Intelligence Security (INTELSEC). COMSEC and INTELSEC are very similar, and will be covered jointly. Usually, the three are referenced separately even though COMSEC is an integral part of OPSEC measures. It is important to note that a failure to provide for any single part of the OPSEC triangle can result in failure of the objective at best, or wounded and killed men and women at worse. OPSEC is the broad range term that covers all facets of tactical security measures. In layman’s terms, OPSEC means to protect all parts of operations; information control (both communications and intelligence), document control, and physical security measures. OPSEC is a process of identifying critical information and analyzing friendly actions attendant to militia operations and other activities to—

a) Identify those actions that can be observed by adversary intelligence systems. b) Determine indicators and vulnerabilities that adversary intelligence systems might obtain

to be able to interpret or piece together to derive critical information in time to use against U.S. and/or friendly missions and poses an unacceptable risk.

c) Select and execute measures that eliminate the risk to friendly actions and operations or reduce to an acceptable level.

OPSEC protects sensitive and/or critical information from adversarial observation and collection in ways that traditional security programs cannot. While these programs, such as Information Assurance (IA), protect classified information, they cannot prevent all indicators of critical information, especially unclassified indicators, from being revealed. In concise terms, the OPSEC process identifies the critical information of militia plans, operations, and supporting activities and the indicators that can reveal it, and then develops measures to eliminate, reduce, or conceal those indicators. It also determines when that information may cease to be critical in the lifespan of a militia’s specific operation.


Critical information is defined as information important to the successful achievement of objectives and missions, or which may be of use to an adversary. Critical information consists of specific facts about friendly capabilities, activities, limitations (includes vulnerabilities), and intentions needed by adversaries for them to plan and act effectively so as to degrade friendly mission accomplishment. OPSEC is everyone’s responsibility. However, the success or failure of OPSEC is ultimately the responsibility of the unit commander, and the most important emphasis for implementing OPSEC comes from the chain of command. Failure to properly implement OPSEC measures can result in serious injury or death to militia personnel, damage to weapons systems, equipment and facilities, loss of sensitive technologies, and mission failure. OPSEC is a continuous process and an inherent part of militia culture and as such, must be fully integrated into the execution of all operations and supporting activities. OPSEC is an ongoing process in which every member of the command must take an active part. Complacency from any single member can have devastating results. It is imperative that every member of a militia command be aware of the basic principles of OPSEC, and the relation between that member and OPSEC. An OPSEC program utilizes the five-step OPSEC process. The OPSEC process can apply to any plan, operation, program, project, or activity. It provides a framework for the systematic and continuous process necessary to identify and protect critical information. It considers the changing nature of critical information and the threat and vulnerability assessments throughout the operation. It uses the following steps:

a) Identification of critical information. Determine what information needs protection. b) Analysis of threats. Identify the adversaries and how they can collect information. c) Analysis of vulnerabilities. Analyze what critical information friendly forces are exposing. d) Assessment of risk. Assess what protective measures should be implemented. e) Application of appropriate OPSEC measures that protect critical information.

5.1 -- Identification of Critical Information Critical information is information about friendly intentions, capabilities, and activities that allow an adversary to effectively plan how to disrupt militia operations. This step results in the creation of a Critical Information List (CIL). This allows the organization to focus resources on vital information, rather than attempting to protect all classified or sensitive unclassified information. Critical information may include, but is not limited to, militia deployment schedules, internal organizational information, details of security measures, etc.


The purpose of this step is to determine what needs protection. This is one of the most difficult steps of the five-step process and is the most important to accomplish. OPSEC cannot protect everything, so the most important items should be afforded the greatest efforts of protection. The commanding officer, in conjunction with other staff officers’ input, develops the unit or organization’s critical information. 5.2 -- Analysis of Threats A threat is any individual or group that may attempt to disrupt or compromise a friendly activity. This step uses multiple sources, such as intelligence activities, law enforcement, and open source information to identify likely adversaries to a planned operation. The purpose of this step is to identify adversary collection capabilities against critical information. Adversary collection activities target actions and open source information to obtain and exploit indicators that will negatively impact the mission. OPSEC indicators are friendly detectable actions and open-source information that can be interpreted or pieced together by an adversary to derive critical information. 5.3 -- Analysis of Vulnerabilities The purpose of this step is to identify each vulnerability, and then draft tentative OPSEC measures addressing those vulnerabilities. The most desirable measures provide needed protection at the least cost to operational effectiveness and efficiency. OPSEC measures are methods and means to gain and maintain essential secrecy about critical information. There are three categories of measures to accomplish this: 1) Action control consists of measures to control friendly activities. Action control can eliminate or reduce indicators or the vulnerability of actions to exploitation by adversary intelligence systems to an acceptable level. Select what actions to undertake, decide whether or not to execute actions, or impose restraints on actions (trash control, mandatory use of secure communications, OPSEC reviews, etc.). Specify who, what, when, where, why, and how. 2) Measures disrupt the adversary’s information gathering or prevent their recognition of indicators when collected materials are processed. Use diversions, camouflage, concealment, jamming, deterrence, police powers, and force against adversary information gathering and processing capabilities. 3) Counter-analysis is directed at the adversary analyst to prevent accurate interpretations of indicators during adversary analysis of collected material. Confuse the adversary analyst through deception techniques, such as cover.


5.4 -- Assessment of Risk The purpose of this step is to select which of the tentative OPSEC measures to implement. The commander is responsible for the mission and must make this decision. The commander must balance the risk of operational failure against the cost of OPSEC measures. Consider the following questions for each tentative measure. The PM/officer must be prepared to answer each of these questions for the commander.

1) What is the likely impact of an OPSEC measure on operational effectiveness, if implemented?

2) What is the probable risk to mission success (effectiveness), if the unit does not implement an OPSEC measure?

3) What is the probable risk to mission success, if an OPSEC measure does not work? 4) What is the impact on future missions if this measure is adopted and successful? 5) What is the impact to other units when practicing an OPSEC measure?

6 -- COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY (COMSEC) There are four major types of communication security measures. These are:

1) Crypto-Security: The component of communications security that results from the provision of technically and technologically sound cryptography systems and their proper use. This includes ensuring correct message encryption, confidentiality, and authenticity.

2) Emission Security (EMSEC): The protection resulting from all measures taken to deny

unauthorized persons information of value that might be derived from communications systems and cryptographic equipment intercepts and the interception and analysis of compromising emanations from cryptographic—equipment, information systems, and telecommunications systems.

3) Transmission Security (TRANSEC): The component of communications security that

results from the application of measures designed to protect transmissions from interception and exploitation by means other than cryptanalysis (e.g. frequency hopping and spread spectrum).

4) Physical Security: The component of communications security that results from all

physical measures necessary to safeguard classified equipment, material, and documents from access thereto or observation thereof by unauthorized persons.


6.1 -- Radio Communication Two-way radios have become the standard for militia communication. They have become cheap and readily available for purchase commercially. For this reason, all militia units need to properly master the art of COMSEC. Single-channel FM voice radios are the primary communications means used in almost all tactical Army units below brigade level. FM radios give the tactical commander quick, reliable, and flexible communications needed to control the battle. FM radios must take some of the additional burden when shortages of multichannel equipment force reliance on other means of communications. FM radios add a great deal of flexibility to our communications system. This section addresses techniques useful in providing essential command and control communications in the face of equipment shortages. Obviously, all radios for a particular net must be capable of operating on the same frequency. Net frequencies must be assigned with primary consideration given to the old radio's frequency tuning capabilities. This applies also to channel spacing. Older radios have less range than the newer radios, so the maximum planning range must not exceed that of the older radios. Antennas on vehicles are vertically polarized; therefore, polarization usually presents no problem. The distance problem may be eased by the careful placement of retransmission stations, also commonly referred to as repeater stations, in the unit's area of operations. Retransmission is effective but must be carefully controlled and properly employed using electronic warfare considerations. Field expedient antennas may also be used not only to increase range but also to provide more directivity while reducing interference and detection. Part of our security effort must be directed at operations that prevent the enemy from locating our emitters or analyzing our traffic. Below is a basic guide that every member can do to help maintain COMSEC.

1) Use the lowest power possible for the required communications when power settings are adjustable. This is especially important the closer the transmitter is to the forward line of own troops (FLOT).

2) Reduce on-the-air communications time. Both the quantity and length of transmissions must be kept to a minimum to deny the enemy the opportunity to detect and exploit friendly communications. Minimal transmissions should be coupled with frequent moves for greater security against enemy direction-finding efforts.

3) Change call signs and frequencies, and use the proper authentication and COMSEC

practices as specified in the unit SOI.

4) Train all radio operators (TRO) to practice sound radiotelephone procedures and use them in all training and operations.


5) Emplace antennas and all non-communications emitters properly. Terrain masking is an

invaluable technique for denying the enemy knowledge of your location and unit. Success on today's battlefield depends on the commander's ability to concentrate superior combat power at critical times and places. A key to this success is superiority in command and control via communications. Effective communications is essential to winning. The enemy realizes the importance of our communications systems and will continuously try to interfere with our ability to communicate. He will try to gather intelligence from our communications, and then he will try to disrupt them. He will attempt to interfere by breaking into our nets and trying to deceive us, or he will try to jam us. Failing at these measures, he will try to destroy communications by fire. Our battlefield success will depend heavily on how well we minimize his attempts to disrupt our communications systems. Communications security is the protection resulting from the application of crypto security, transmission security, and emission security. These protective measures are taken to deny unauthorized persons telecommunications information. Because most militia units possess very little secure voice equipment, all forces must maintain proficiency in the manual encryption area, regardless of interaction with other forces. Below are alternative methods and systems which can be used in lieu of on-line cryptosystems. They present some difficulty when large volumes of traffic must be processed; however, these methods are essential to assure success and survivability on future battlefields. 6.2 -- Authentication Systems An authentication system is designed to protect a communications system against the acceptance of fraudulent transmissions. Everyone who communicates in a tactical or strategic environment requires some method of authenticating. Good authentication practices contribute to combat survival and effectiveness, because they aid in establishing the validity of a transmission, message, or originator. All commanders must implement their use during training and actual operations. 6.3 -- Imitative Electronics Deception (IED) Imitative Electronics Deception (IED) is the process of the enemy using friendly radio channels to impersonate friendly units to either capture intelligence, or sabotage operations. Combat experience in Vietnam proved that IED by the enemy contributed to substantial numbers of casualties and caused many missions to fall short of desired results. Proper authentication procedures can prevent an enemy from posing as a friendly station. The enemy is adept at IED and needs only a moderate degree of skill to seriously affect our communications when we do not authenticate. A balance has to be struck so that effective communications is maintained without harassment of friendly communications.


To combat IED by enemy forces, a standardized system has been developed for field use. The official term is called Counter Encrypting Operations & Intelligence, or CEO&I. This allows all codes to be used during an operation to be collected in work, and includes times of rotation from code to code. In the field, it is a quick reference card, sometimes color-coded cards, for easier identification of proper rotation. Making a CEO&I card is relatively easy and simple. First, you need to determine what simple words will replace either phrases or locations. You can also substitute dates and times in the same manner. It is recommended the longer the duration of the operation, the more cards are created. In combat operations, you should rotate cards on either a twelve (12) or twenty-four (24) hour basis, with enough cards that a new card will be used only once in a seven (7) day period. The time of rotation between cards should be set at an odd time to better offset the chances of the enemy learning the meaning of certain words and phrases. All of the phrases and words used on the card are meant to be random. The less of a pattern, the harder it will be for enemy interception and deciphering. This allows friendly units to be able to establish secure communications, both via radio and face to face. This card should never be compromised, nor fall into enemy hands. If there is a chance that either situation has happened, then all team TROs must turn in their current cards for a brand new set. This card should be made waterproof and kept in a safe place on the TRO. Not every member of a unit should have one; only the unit commanders and TROs. If you feel every member should have a CEO&I card, then a different set of cards can be created and issued to those members. On the next page is an example of such a card. Bear in mind this is just an example, all the information can be adapted to meet the needs of your unit. Just keep in mind while creating the card that the information should be kept simple and concise. Only the most important phrases, locations, and call signs should be listed.


IED is the easiest Electronic Warfare (EW) technique to counter. Authentication is one of the best means available to stop enemy IED efforts. Operators are required to authenticate when they:

- Suspect a transmission is from an enemy station operating in the net (deception). - Direct a station to go to radio silence or to break that silence. (Self-authentication can be

used if authorized by the SOI.) - Are challenged to authenticate. - Talk about enemy contact, give an early warning report, or issue any follow-up report. - Transmit directions which affect the tactical situation such as "Move to..." or "Turn off the

radio." (Conversely, they challenge any directives like these with a request to authenticate.)

- Cancel a message. - Open the net or resume transmitting after a long period of silence. - Transmit to someone who is under radio listening silence. - Transmit a classified message in the clear. - Transmit messages in the blind; that is, neither desiring nor expecting a reply.


Challenge if you are not sure that authentication is required. If a station takes more than 5 seconds to authenticate, re-challenge. Why 5 seconds? Because an enemy operator may try to contact another station and then have it respond to that same challenge, thereby obtaining the appropriate reply to your challenge. The two most commonly used authentication procedures are challenge-reply and transmission authentication. The main difference between the two is that challenge-reply requires two-way communications, whereas transmission authentication does not. Even though transmission authentication requires only one-way communications, it is neither as simple nor as flexible as challenge-reply. The challenge-reply procedure most often used has a more flexible application. Both types of procedures employ the use of CEO&I cards. An example of a Challenge-reply: C12 THIS IS A06 OVER A06 THIS IS C12 OVER C12 THIS IS A06 TURN EAST AT X-RAY OVER A06 THIS IS C12 AUTHENTICATE HOTEL VICTOR OVER C12 THIS IS A06 I AUTHENTICATE WHISKEY OVER A06 THIS IS C12 WILCO OUT An example of a Transmission authentication: NOTE: Transmission authentication is used only when it is impossible or impractical to use challenge-reply authentication. J8C THIS IS B6A DO NOT ANSWER TURN EAST AT CROSSROAD X-RAY AUTHENTICATION IS VICTOR PAPA I SAY AGAIN J8C THIS IS B6A DO NOT ANSWER TURN EAST AT CROSSROAD X-RAY AUTHENTICATION IS VICTOR PAPA OUT 6.4 -- Other Forms of Communication Not all COMSEC is based upon field conditions with radios. One must keep COMSEC in mind even while carrying on normal day-to-day conversations via face-to-face, email, text, or the handwritten word. In this modern age, text and email messages have become the most common practice. It is important that the most sensitive of information be passed either face to face or by physically mailing it. This is the hardest means for unauthorized interception. If the only means that is available is electronic, be aware that, while the likelihood is low, it is still possible that your communications are compromised. Never pass information via electronically that is considered sensitive or vital. Be aware of both what and how you say things.


7 -- PHYSICAL SECURITY (PHYSEC) Physical security is the practice of implementing tangible protective measures that deny unauthorized personnel access to specific areas, facilities, material, or classified information. Some examples of PHYSEC are posting sentries, setting listening/observation posts (LP/OP), maintaining roving patrols, as well as general access control to sensitive areas of an encampment. However, physical security measures can become compromised. For example, executing roving sentry patrols at predictable intervals, personnel routinely and predictably leaving a facility unattended, easily seen alarm sensors, changing sentry guards at set times, reacting predictably to alarms, and being careless or lazy in implementing physical security measures. To reiterate, it is imperative that when PHYSEC measures are set up, that these patterns do not develop as an observant will notice it; these actions become weaknesses in PHYSEC. Plan accordingly. OPSEC can support PHYSEC by identifying and resolving those actions and information that would be indicators an adversary could exploit. Physical security is the second most important aspect of all OPSEC measures. Good COMSEC is the most important, as if your communications are breached, then everything else should be considered compromised. PHYSEC is the easier of the two to maintain. By simply being in a constant state of readiness while maintaining a constant situational awareness is the most basic form of physical security. By denying access, physical security measures are an OPSEC measure. 7.1 -- Why Is PHYSEC Needed?

- Physical Security is put in place to help prevent – or more accurately, to deter – crimes of opportunity as well as safeguard life.

- PHYSEC is used to safeguard sensitive documents, as well as protect areas of operations. - PHYSEC can also complement mitigating operational liability by applying controls to

known areas of possible physical risk. 7.2 -- Characteristics of a Sound PHYSEC program Physical Security can consist of many different elements which directly or indirectly address areas of perceived risk. Common elements of Physical Security Programs include:

▪ Deterrence ▪ Active detection and monitoring ▪ Delay progress of criminal or other unwanted behavior ▪ Incident response to alarms, alerts or attacks ▪ Recover operational status as quickly as possible following an incident


7.3 -- Characteristics of PHYSEC Deterrence

- PHYSEC controls build in deterrence as preventative measure. Deterrence is the initial attempt to thwart unwanted behaviors to include criminal activities throughout the facility(s) being safeguarded.

- Active detection and monitoring - Active detection and monitoring can be viewed as overt, or intended to be seen, and

covert or concealed. Monitoring is designed to provide early warning of possible security events, evidentiary value used for criminal or civil proceedings.

Delay

- Delaying controls help limit or slow the progress of a breach, compromise, attack or other unwanted behavior.

Incident response

- Recover militia or operational status as quickly as possible following an incident. Recovery

- Recover militia or operational status as quickly as possible following an incident. 7.4 -- Security Requirements To ensure the PHYSEC program is adequate; initial requirements should be outlined in order to better understand where to prioritize resources, budget and time. 1) Determine applicable threats or risks.

a) Identify applicable threats and risks associated with the organization to include proximity to the organization.

b) Ensure risk assessments take into account: i. Surrounding militias

ii. Local infrastructures iii. Geographic areas of interest iv. Local environmental conditions v. Geopolitical climate

2) Assess vulnerabilities which could allow threats or risks to affect personnel or operations.

a) Once threats and risks have been identified; investigate and understand how those threats and risks, if capitalized on, would affect the organization.

b) Ensure PHYSEC controls are appropriate for the identified vulnerabilities. 3) Compile a list of assets with associated value.

a) List should indicate value; the value of the asset will be used in determining


resources available. Life is of utmost value and inherently priceless. Protection of life is THE top priority.

b) Value is not always a monetary figure. Value can include the organizations commitment to availability and critical services provided by the organization.

4) What if scenarios - Examine and plan for failures in the PHYSEC plan.

- Determine what the impact will be when PHYSEC controls fail. 5) Determine cost of security vs. actual cost of asset to be safeguarded.

- Cost of PHYSEC controls aren’t always black and white. i. Cost of equipment

ii. Cost of installation iii. Cost of training iv. Cost of liability for not having or having enough PHYSEC in place

6) Ensure installation and maintenance considerations are taken into account.

a) Installation of PHYSEC controls can itself introduce security gaps. b) Reliance on temporary PHYSEC equipment vs. long term equipment may save

money initially but may incur extra expenditures to maintain for long periods of time.

c) Evaluate short term vs. long term needs and plan accordingly appropriate installation and support contracts.

7) Ensure PHYSEC implementations are complementary to militia operations.

a) PHYSEC systems must adapt to the organization. Different times or shifts may have different PHYSEC requirements.

b) PHYSEC should meet the organizations requirements while minimizing the impact on daily operations.

c) PHYSEC which is too overly cumbersome will not be utilized to the fullest by the organization.

8) Security should include seen and unseen measures that provide overall PHYSEC safeguards.

a) PHYSEC which is seen provides an initial deterrent. b) Some deterrents are meant to be seen as to provide misdirection or obfuscate

covert PHYSEC controls. c) Overt PHYSEC controls often times provide organizational employees with a

sense of security. d) Covert PHYSEC controls should work in a complementary manner with overt

controls. 9) Simplify PHYSEC controls in order to lesson human error.

a) Ensure that staff and security personnel have sufficient training in order to safely and efficiently operate the organizations security apparatus.


10) PHYSEC controls are a long-term commitment; ensure PHYSEC takes into account future growth.

a) Take into account physical changes or additions to the organizations structure. b) Licensing considerations for PHYSEC software controls.

7.5 -- Changing the Mindset

▪ PHYSEC is the implementation of an organization's active response to areas of assessed risk.

▪ PHYSEC should not be a hurdle or roadblock, rather it should be used to help shape and modify behaviors.

▪ Changing the Mindset ▪ Often times Information Security and Physical Security officers are seen as the office

of “NO”. Implementation of appropriate PHYSEC controls which support the militia and its members is a critical balancing act.

▪ Too little PHYSEC exposes the militia to elevated risks. ▪ Too much PHYSEC creates militia obstacles which can impact efficiency and

effectiveness. 7.6 -- Incidents PHYSEC Should Address Incidents PHYSEC programs should address through logical, physical and design controls:

▪ Policy / Procedure violations ▪ Natural disasters ▪ Rogue or trusted insider risks ▪ Workplace violence ▪ Unauthorized entry / Trespassers ▪ Criminal acts: Both internal and external ▪ Industrial disasters ▪ Civil disturbances ▪ Terrorism


Appendix I - OPSEC Assessment

OPSEC PROGRAM SELF-INSPECTION CHECKLIST Answer yes, no, or not applicable (NA) to each of the items on the checklist. Certain items are repeated with slight variation as you move to the next tier. Each tier assumes that the requirements of the previous tier(s) have been accomplished and are maintained. 1. Tier One OPSEC Programs. NOTE: If all items are answered “yes”, go on to Tier Two.

ITEM Yes No n/a

1.1. Has an OPSEC Program Manager been appointed?

1.1.1. Is there an appointment letter?

1.1.2. Has the appointment been announced?

1.2. Does the OPSEC Program Manager dedicate between 10% and 30% of available duty hours to OPSEC?

1.3. Has the [commander/director] signed a local policy letter?

1.3.1. Has the letter been distributed to all managers/supervisors?

1.3.2. Are all personnel aware of the policy?

1.3.3. Is the policy periodically reviewed and updated as necessary?

1.4. Has the [commander/director] appointed an OPSEC Working Group?

1.4.1. Does the Working Group meet periodically?

1.4.2. Is the role of the Working Group clearly defined?

1.4.3. Have all Working Group members been trained?

1.4.4. Are Working Group members who leave the organization replaced?

1.4.5. Is there a mechanism in place to train new Working Group members?

1.5. Has a Critical Information list (CIL) been published?

1.5.1 Has the CIL been approved by the [commander/director]?

1.6. Does the organization have an awareness training program?

1.6.1. Are all newly assigned personnel trained within 90 days of assignment?

1.6.2. Do all personnel receive awareness training at least annually?

Notes: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


2. Tier Two Programs. NOTE: If all items are answered “yes”, go on to Tier Three.

ITEM Yes No n/a

2.1. Does the Program Manager dedicate 30% to 50% of available duty hours to OPSEC?

2.2. Does the Working Group meet quarterly?

2.3. Have all Working Group members been trained?

2.4. Are Working Group members who leave the organization replaced?

2.5. Is there a mechanism in place to train new Working Group members?

2.6. Are all newly assigned personnel trained within 60 days of assignment?

2.6.1. Has the [commander/director] established frequency requirements for unit personnel awareness training?

2.7. Has the OPSEC Program Manager prepared a unit OPSEC plan?

2.7.1. Is the plan signed by the [commander/director]?

2.7.2. Has the plan been distributed to all managers/supervisors?

2.8. Does the Program Manager keep a continuity [file/book]?

2.9. Is senior leadership actively involved in the OPSEC program?

2.9.1. Participates in awareness training?

2.9.2. Addresses OPSEC issues in all-hands meetings?

2.9.3. Regularly includes OPSEC concerns in senior staff meetings?

2.9.4. Requires OPSEC input to planning and special events?

2.10. Have coordinators been assigned in accordance with local policy?

2.10.1. Does the Program Manager meet regularly with coordinators?

2.10.2. Is the role of the coordinator clearly defined?

2.10.3. Have all coordinators been trained?

2.10.4. Are coordinators who leave the organization replaced?

2.10.5. Is there a mechanism in place to train new coordinators?

2.11. Does the Program Manager have a plan to use end-of-year money?

2.12. Is a survey or assessment conducted at least once annually?

2.13. Has the Program Manager developed a support network to include:

2.13.1. Counterintelligence specialists?

2.13.2. Appropriate security specialists, such as IT and communications security?

2.13.3. Threat analysis experts?

2.13.4. Other OPSEC experts?

Notes: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


3. Tier Three Programs

ITEM Yes No n/a 3.1. Does the Program Manager dedicate 70% to 100% of available duty hours to OPSEC? 3.2. Are all newly assigned personnel trained within 30 days of assignment? 3.3. Do all personnel receive awareness training at least quarterly? 3.4. Does the Program Manager document all organizational OPSEC training? 3.5. Does the Program Manager contribute to the local [newspaper/newsletter]? 3.5.1. Are copies maintained with the OPSEC program records?

3.6. Does the Program Manager conduct self-inspections quarterly? 3.7. Is a survey or assessment conducted at least once annually? 3.7.1. Are countermeasures implemented to correct vulnerabilities? 3.8. Is OPSEC incorporated in local exercises? 3.9. Is the Program Manager part of the emergency action team? 3.10. Does the commander require OPSEC support for [contingencies/emergencies]? 3.11. Is OPSEC incorporated into standing operations plans? 3.12. Does the [commander/director] have written policies on the use of secure communications?

3.13. Does the Program Manager have input to web content management? 3.14. Does the [commander/director] request COMSEC monitoring at least once annually? 3.15. Does the OPSEC program have a budget for training and awareness materials?

Notes: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Appendix II - Operations Security CIP Checklist

Unit Inspected: ____________________ STAFF ELEMENT: G3 Officer Name: _____________________ SUB-FUNCTION: Operations Security (OPSEC) Sign and Date: ____________________ INSPECTION ITEM AND REFERENCE COMPLY NON-COMPLY N/A References:

a. AR 530-1, Operations Security (OPSEC). ___ ___ ___ b. AK Reg 530 –1, Operations Security (OPSEC). ___ ___ ___ c. Respective MSC/Installation OPSEC Program. ___ ___ ___ 1. Has the unit developed and implemented an

OPSEC Program? (AK Reg 530-1) ___ ___ ___ 2. Does unit’s OPSEC Program comply with

minimal requirements established in AK Reg 530-1? ___ ___ ___ a. Commander has designated an OPSEC Officer in writing. ___ ___ ___ b. Established an OPSEC plan and/or SOP. ___ ___ ___ c. Established a viable and comprehensive OPSEC

training program. ___ ___ ___ d. Established requirements for annual review of OPSEC

procedures. ___ ___ ___ e. Provided guidance and assistance to subordinate organizations during preparations of operations,

contingency and exercise plans. ___ ___ ___ (NOTE: Any “No” results in “No” for item #2.) 3. Are OPSEC Annexes/Appendices/Tabs to OPLAN/OPORDs routinely developed in preparation for all operations, exercises,

and activities? {AK Reg 530-1, para 8g(4)} ___ ___ ___ 4. Is the unit OPSEC Officer familiar with the 5-step OPSEC process?

{AR 530-1, Chapter 3, para 3-2 b. (1) (a) – (e)} ___ ___ ___ 5. Do all newly assigned personnel receive OPSEC initial training

within 30 days of arrival? {AK Reg 530-1, para 4-2a(1)} ___ ___ ___ 6. Do assigned personnel received annual OPSEC Awareness

Training? {AK Reg 530-1 Appendix H} ___ ___ ___ 7. Did the unit prepare and submit an annual OPSEC Report for

the previous FY? {AR 530-1, Chapter 2, Appendices H and I} ___ ___ ___ 8. Does MSC review subordinate units’ compliance with unit OPSEC program through MSC CIP? {AR 530-1, Chapter 5,

para 5-4 c., Appendix H, para H-3} ___ ___ ___ 9. Has OPSEC Survey or Assessment been conducted by unit

during past FY? {AR 530-1 Chapter 5; AK Reg 530-1, Chapter 5} ___ ___ ___ 10. Is MSC OPSEC Officer aware of names of subordinate

units OPSEC Officers? ___ ___ ___ 11. Is EEFI widely disseminated amongst subordinates?

{AR 530-1, Chapter 5, para 5-4} ___ ___ ___ 12. Is the MSC actively attempting to heighten sensitivity

to OPSEC? (Posters, articles, Web pages, etc.) ___ ___ ___

Form #LF-A-01 LIGHT FOOT updated: 15Aug2011Militia Enlistment Record

NAME (Last, First, Middle) : ________________________________________________

Date of Birth (MM/DD/YYYY): ________________Swear-In Date (MM/DD/YYYY): ________________

Enlistment Unit : __________________________________ Enlistment Rank : ___________________

RELEVANT EXPERIENCE -

Former Military? Y / N (circle) - Occupation (infantry, artillery, etc.): _______________ No. of years: ______

List skills: ____________________________________________________________________________

Former Law Enforcement? Y / N (circle) - No. of years: ______ - State/County: _________________

List skills: ____________________________________________________________________________

ADDRESS OF RECORD -

Street Address: ____________________________________________________ Apt / Unit : ______________

City : _____________________________________ State : _____________ Zip Code : _____________

Telephone : (________) ____________ - _________________ County : ___________________________________

NEXT OF KIN -

Name (First, Middle, Last) : ________________________________________________________________

Street Address: ________________________________________________ Apt / Unit : ______________

City : ___________________________________ State / Province : _________ Postal Code : _________

Telephone : (_______) _______ - ____________ County : _______________________________________

FAMILY INFORMATION -

MARRIED : YES ______ NO ________ Number of Children at home (under age of 18): ________________

I, the undersigned, do hereby certify that the above is true and accurate to the best ofmy knowledge. I further understand that by signing, I am committing myself to militia serviceaccording to my Oath, until such time as I file form #LF-A-08, Militia Separation Record.

Enlistee's Signature : _____________________________________ DATE : ___________

Enlisting Officer's Signature : ______________________________ DATE : ___________

Form #LF-A-02 LIGHT FOOT updated: 15Aug2011Militia Disposition Record


Date of Birth (MM/DD/YYYY): _____________________ Unit : ____________________

PERSONAL INFORMATION - Religious Preference (Check One):

Christian _____ Muslim _____ Buddhist _____ Jewish _____ Agnostic _____ Atheist _____

Other (Specify) ___________

In the event of my death in Militia service, I DO / DO NOT (circle one) want the last rites of my faith given to me by a Chaplain.

I have a living will : ______ I have a last will and testament : _____

Militia Leadership should contact my Spouse and Next of Kin should any of the following occur duringmilitia service:

I am wounded __________ I become gravely ill _____ I become deceased ______

I become missing _______ I become captured ______

In the event of my death in Militia service, and in the absence of a last will and testament, I wantmy equipment and immediate possessions and moneys given to someone other than my spouseand/or next of kin. Yes / No (circle one)

(If “Yes”, please choose A or B)

A: Allow my squad/unit to split up my gear/possessions. __________ (yes/no)

B: Send them to:

BENEFICIARYName (First, Middle, Last) : ____________________________________________________________Street Address: ____________________________________________ Apt / Unit : ______________City : ________________________________ State / Province : _________ Postal Code :_________Telephone : (_______) _______ - ____________ County :__________________________________

I, the undersigned, do hereby certify that the above is true to the best of my knowledge.

Militiaman's Signature : _________________________________ Date : _____________

Witnessing Officer's Signature : _______________________ Date : _________________

Form #LF-A-03 LIGHT FOOT updated: 01June2011Militia Rank Record



OFFICER'S PORTION -

I, the undersigned Officer, being in command of the Unit to which the undersigned Militiaman is assigned at this time, and being of sufficient rank and stature to bestow this honor, do hereby acknowledge and confer upon him or her the rank of _________________, along with all honors, powers, duties and responsibilities befitting said rank.

I hereby state that this rank has been given to the Militiaman only by majority vote of the men placing themselves under his command, with consideration given of his performance in the past, and future potential.

This rank is to become effective upon the soldier on the ____ day of ______________, in the year _______.

I also state and swear that I have counseled the Militiaman in question regarding the duties and responsibilities of this rank within the unit, and that I am certain he or she can and will carry out said duties and responsibilities in a way that will bring honor to himself, this unit, our state, and these united States of America.

Unit Name and Designation : _________________________________________________

Unit Commander's Name and Rank :___________________________________________

Unit Commander's Signature : _____________________________ Date : _____________

MILITIAMAN'S PORTION -

I, the undersigned Militiaman, recognize that I have been honored by my compatriots with the new rank of __________________, effective on the ______ day of ______________, in the year ________.

I understand that this new rank carries with it new responsibilities and duties, and that I have been counseled on same by my Unit Commander; and I do hereby solemnly swear and affirm that I will carry out all duties and responsibilities of my new rank in a manner that will bring honor to myself, my unit, my state, and these united States of America.

Soldier's Signature : _________________________________ Date : _________________

Form #LF-A-04 LIGHT FOOT updated: 15Aug2011Militia Transfer Order



By order of _________________________________,

Commanding Officer of ___________________________________, you (the above named Militiaman) are hereby ordered and authorized to appear before the commanding officer of unit _____________________________, no later than ________ hours on the _________ day of ___________, in the year ___________.

You are to report to this unit for (check one):

(__) Training (__) Service (__) Separation (__) Courts Marshal (__) Other ______________

You are to appear at the stated unit before the stated time without exception, or youmay face administrative punishments, or courts marshal.

Your travel itinerary and other miscellanea may be outlined in the “Additional Instructions”, below.

If not, it is up to you to transfer yourself to the location specified.

ISSUING OFFICER'S SIGNATURE : ____________________________________________

ISSUED ON DATE : _________________________

RECEIVING OFFICER'S SIGNATURE : __________________________________________

RECEIVED ON DATE : _______________________

Additional Instructions:

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Form #LF-A-05 LIGHT FOOT updated: 15Aug2011Change of Next of Kin



NEXT OF KIN

Name (First, Middle, Last) : ________________________________________________________________

Street Address: _________________________________________________ Apt / Unit : ______________

City : ___________________________________ State / Province : _________ Postal Code :_________

Telephone : (_______) _______ - ____________ County :_______________________________________

I, the undersigned, do hereby certify that I wish to have my Next of Kin on file changedto the above person, and to have them notified according to my wishes on my form LF-A-02, Militia Disposition Record.


Witnessing Officer's Signature : _______________________ Date : _________________

Form #LF-A-06 LIGHT FOOT updated: 15Aug2011Militia Separation Record



SEPARATION INFORMATION

Separation Unit : ___________________________________________ Separation Rank : ____________

Separation Type :

____ Bad Conduct ____ Dishonorable ____ Honorable ____ Medical _____ General

Reason for Separation : ________________________________________________

Unit Officer Comments on Separation (if any):________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Effective Separation Date : _________________________

I, the undersigned, do hereby certify that the above is true in as far as I am aware.


Unit Officer's Signature : _____________________________ Date : _________________

Form #LF-A-07 LIGHT FOOT updated: 18Jul2016 Militia Skill Assessment Record Page __ of __

NAME (Last, First, Middle): ______________________________________________________________

Date of Birth (MM/DD/YYYY): _____________________ Unit: __________________________________

SKILLS and EXPERIENCE -

Leadership? ______________________________________________________________________________

Firearms? ______________________________________________________________________________

List skills: ______________________________________________________________________________

Navigation? ______________________________________________________________________________

Communications? ______________________________________________________________________________

Medical? ______________________________________________________________________________

Emergency Services / Management? ______________________________________________________________________________

Outdoors/Hiking/Camping? ______________________________________________________________________________

Other? ________________________________________________________________________ ______


Militiaman’s Signature: _________________________________________ DATE: _________________

Witnessing Officer's Signature: ___________________________________ DATE: _________________

Form #LF-A-08 LIGHT FOOT updated: 18Jul2016 Militia Training Record Page __ of __


Date of Birth (MM/DD/YYYY): ____________________ Unit: __________________________________

Training Received -

Course Title:_______________________ Date: ___________ Agency/Instructor:________________

Summary: ____________________________________________________________________________


Summary: ____________________________________________________________________________


Summary: ____________________________________________________________________________


Summary: ____________________________________________________________________________


Summary: ____________________________________________________________________________


Summary: ____________________________________________________________________________


Summary: ____________________________________________________________________________


Summary: ____________________________________________________________________________


Militiaman’s Signature: ___________________________________________ DATE: ________________

Witnessing Officer's Signature: _____________________________________ DATE: ________________

Form #LF-A-09 LIGHT FOOT updated: 18Jul2016 Militia Recommended Training Record Page __ of __


Date of Birth (MM/DD/YYYY): ___________________ Unit: ___________________________________

Training Suggested -

Course Title:_______________________ Potential Dates: __________________________________

Information: __________________________________________________________________________


Information: __________________________________________________________________________


Information: __________________________________________________________________________


Information: __________________________________________________________________________


Information: __________________________________________________________________________


Information: __________________________________________________________________________


Information: __________________________________________________________________________


Information: __________________________________________________________________________


Militiaman’s Signature: ________________________________________ DATE: ___________________

Witnessing Officer's Signature: __________________________________ DATE: ___________________

Form #LF-A-10 LIGHT FOOT updated: 18Jul2016 Militia Core Training Card Page ___ of ___


Date of Birth (MM/DD/YYYY): _____________________ Unit: _________________________________

Training Information

Skill Level Passed -

Recruit:

Task: Weapon Safety ______ Field Strip ______ Load/Clear/Malfunction _______ 8/10 Shots _______

Date: ________________________________________________________________________________

Skill Level 1:

Task: C2/Org ____ Mob/Alert ____ Fit ____ Marks ____ Move ____ Camo ___ Comm. ___ 1st Aid ___

Date: ________________________________________________________________________________

Skill Level 2:

Task: Fitness _____ Marks ______ OPORD _____ SALUTE _____ CARVER ____ Small Unit Tactics _____

Date: ________________________________________________________________________________

Skill Level 3:

Task: Fitness __________________ Marks ______________________ CQB _______________________

Date: ________________________________________________________________________________


Militiaman’s Signature: ________________________________________ DATE: ___________________

Witnessing Officer's Signature: __________________________________ DATE: ___________________

STARTING A “LIGHT FOOT”

MILITIA UNIT IN YOUR COUNTY!

Before you read this booklet, be sure you have thoroughly studied the

“Militia Standards and Principles of the Light Foot”.

January 2011 (Rev 1, 2018)

How to start a “Light Foot” militia unit! 1

To begin, let me thank you for taking the initiative and say that it takes real courage and conviction to stand up and say “I will be the first to step forward and organize my fellow citizens to help defend my community, state and nation against all enemies, foreign and domestic”. I was nervous and shaking when I started handing out fliers at the first “tea party” rally I attended in April of 2009 in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. It was the beginning of what would become the “Idaho Light Foot”, a constitutional militia. There was no one else; no one to back me up or offer support. I relied totally on my conviction that what I was doing was right and on my faith in my Father in Heaven. ABOUT ME Starting about 25 years ago I began to learn about the founding of our nation and principals on which it was based. I also studied the Communist Manifesto, books on socialism and marxist revolution, and found out how close we have come to replacing our Constitutional Republic with a Socialist Democracy. As I prayed about the situation I and my country was in, I felt led to prepare to defend my rights and my neighbors liberty. I purchased my first rifle at the age of 26 (I know, I know... But you have to understand, I was born and raised in a very liberal state!) and began collecting the things I thought I might need. I gathered the proper gear, uniform and weapons in preparation for an unknown future. I studied military history and tactics, U.S. history, the Bible and Bible Law (you wouldn't believe how many of our “Laws of War” come straight out of the Old Testament). I studied Patton, Sun-Tzu, Rommel and Mao Tse-tung. For the next ten years or so I was, to borrow a phrase from the Army, "A Militia of One". After my initial preparations, I asked God what I should do; asked him to guide me in His direction. All I felt was... “Wait”. If any of you have ever felt like God was guiding you in a certain direction you'll understand what I'm talking about. For those of us who aren't in the Old Testament, God doesn't speak to you directly. At least not to me. If you've ever felt like you're being “pulled” in a certain direction in your life then you know what I mean. But this was a little different. I wasn't feeling “pulled”. I felt... “Wait”. So I did. For a long time.


Then, in 2009, when the Tea Party movement started up I began to get a different feeling. And no, this had nothing to do with Obama. Remember, I was a “minuteman” for nearly a decade before we'd ever even heard of him. This was a new feeling. I felt... “Now”. “Now?”, I thought. Now what? Was it “now is the time to join a militia”? I didn't know. But I started looking on the internet for a militia unit in Idaho. The only one I found was in southern Idaho (8 hours drive from where I lived) and from the looks of the website there were only three members, as far as I could tell. Plus, they only accepted “Christians, Jews and Mormons”, which didn't seem right to me. They weren't a true militia. They were a private paramilitary group. The militia is the people. All the people. MY IDEA OF “MILITIA” I feel that the first and biggest mistake most militias make is to be secretive about their existence. I know that people, myself included, are afraid of what the police powers (state and federal) have done to innocent patriotic Americans. But forming a secret, private militia is the worst thing we could try to do.

First, the police and the public would view you, not as their friends and neighbors, their allies whom they could call on in an emergency, but as a threat. What people don't know and understand, they fear.

Second, the police (state, fed or both!) will be compelled to investigate you to

make sure you aren't a threat. And as was seen in the 1990's, when paid informants couldn't find any evidence of wrongdoing, they made some up. They needed to justify their long and expensive investigation. It's sad but true.

No, that is not the right path. I felt we should do the opposite. We should be open with the public. There should be a liaison officer with the local county sheriff's departments. We should invite them to send a representative to meetings or training sessions. The unit's XO (executive officer) should send out a press release to let their friends and neighbors know what we stand for, what we are doing and why. No one should fear the militia. The county sheriff should know that we are HIS friends and neighbors as well, and that if there were an emergency he could call upon us for help.


After coming to these conclusions, and after much prayer, I knew that what was needed was a real militia. Not a “group” that you join. THE LAW IS ON OUR SIDE According to the U.S. Constitution, Federal Law, the Idaho (and many other) State Constitution and State Code, all male citizens ages 18-45 years are members of the militia. According to Anglo-Saxon Common Law, and the laws and customs of the American Colonies before our separation from the British Empire, all males (and even females during an actual emergency) between the ages of 16 and 60 were considered members of the militia. So the militia, like your God-given rights, existed before the United States government was formed. And as such, you are already a member of the militia, by statute and by God-given right. Most state constitutions allow their governor to call up the state's militia (the people, armed). Idaho's constitution mandates that the legislature “shall provide by law for the enrolment, equipment and discipline of the militia, to conform as nearly as practicable to the regulations for the government of the armies of the United States, and pass such laws to promote volunteer organizations as may afford them effectual encouragement.” But they neglect their duties. Our state constitution also mandates a public school system. They do that. But what if they didn't? Would you not teach your children yourselves? Or join with your neighbors and hire someone to teach your children in the absence of an organized school system? I say yes. I also say that that's the way we should view the militia. If the state governments will not do what's right and prepare their citizens so that they can be ready for an emergency situation, the it's up to the people to do it themselves, until such time as the legislature again resumes it's rightful duties. OUR FOUNDING The founding meeting of the “Idaho Light Foot” was held in the upstairs conference room at a local sports bar. The people who attended were mostly ex-military or ex-police officers. That fact might surprise you. But the truth is, if you found a group comprised of patriotic citizens having the common goal of helping out your community in a emergency, you end up attracting the same kind of people who've already volunteered to serve their neighbors and nation in the past. These people are a rare breed today and will not show up at meetings of secret, “under the radar” militia-type groups.


As I stated more than once at the first meeting, "not only are we not doing anything illegal, we aren't doing anything wrong". We discussed our concerns about what was happening in our country and what we could do about it. I put forward my ideas for forming a militia unit, and with minor changes, everyone agreed with a few basic principles:

1) We are not a “group” that you join. If you are a citizen of Idaho, then you are a member of the militia according to our constitution and state law.

2) All may come no matter what race or religion, whether man or woman. As long as you support the US and Idaho Constitutions, understand that our country was founded by Christians; that our laws are based on Biblical law, and that it is for these reasons that all are guaranteed the right to live, work and worship as they see fit. We do not care if you're Christian, Muslim or atheist... as long as stand up for the rights of others to live as they may, then you are a true protector of the Constitution. If you are a neo-Nazi, anarchist, socialist or communist, then you are the enemy of our Federal Constitution because you are seeking to replace it with a different form of government.

3) While women are welcome, they will serve in the Supply/Medical/Support units, not “combat” units, to preserve unit cohesion. They can serve as security personnel, supply, transportation (truck drivers), medical, food service or communications. But, all women who join will be trained in firearms and basic combat skills.

4) We agreed to use the National Militia Standards as our basic framework, which was quickly modified and customized with the result being the “Idaho Light Foot Militia Standards”.

5) All officers and non-comms shall be voted on by the men below them. This isn't regular army. We cannot throw you in the stockade for failing to follow orders. You cannot force men to follow you, they must respect you want you to be their leader.

6) We voted in agreement on the flag and patches we would use for identification of “friendly” units.


WHERE DO YOU START? 1) Find a place to hold your first meeting. A public place is best; people feel

more comfortable in a coffee shop than in a stranger's basement. Many restaurants have meeting/conference rooms that can be reserved for free as long as you eat while you're there. Also, check out community centers and libraries (if they have separate meeting rooms). We've even held meetings at the local ARBY's restaurant, no kidding.

2) Then start customizing and printing out copies of your flier. Include info like place, time, and the LF logo and contact info if people want more informa-tion or can’t make the meeting, but still want to join. If you have a website already, add the address to the flier.

3) If you're like me, you want to put on a professional looking presentation at your meetings. I purchased an Idaho State flag and an American flag at http://patriotic-flags.com . Then I went “big time” and purchased a recruiting banner that we could also use at gun shows and patriot rallies. I got mine at www.bannersonthecheap.com . Copies of the “Light Foot Standards” can be made at www.staples.com . If you specify which pages are color, they'll only charge extra for those, and then charge B&W for the rest of the manual. Costs about $15 each; bound and covered. Or you can hand out copies on CD (much cheaper) and they can print them themselves.

4) Your uniform patches, name tapes and dog tags can be found at the websites listed in the “Uniform” section of the Standards.

http://www.patriotic-flags.com/

http://www.bannersonthecheap.com/

http://www.staples.com/


5) All that you need to know for your first presentation is in the Standards. Study them well. At your first meeting you WILL be nervous. This is natural. Just talk to your new found patriot friends and ask them about themselves; what their concerns are; what they want to get out of this.

6) Under no circumstances is talk of explosives, illegal machine guns or other illegal activity permitted at any time. Yes, books on explosives and such are legal and “for informational purposes only”, but discussing it (especially at a “militia meeting”) can and has been used as evidence of conspiracy. Don't fall into this trap. If someone comes to one of your meetings and starts talking about “making bombs”, he's either an idiot or a Fed. Just tell him not to bring it up ever again. They will either comply, or not come back.

7) You should invite a representative of your county sheriff's office to attend

your meetings. Be open with them. You're not doing anything wrong. If not at your founding meeting, then set up a meeting with the sheriff soon after so that you can introduce yourself (and other members who'd like to come with you to help represent the unit) and allay any fears he may have about a militia unit forming in his county. At least two command staff officers should attend any meetings with law enforcement or public officials.

8) Since we started in north Idaho we have networked with other groups and organizations. Tea Party, Libertarian, John Birch Society, 9-12 groups and others are a great way to “network”. We have been welcomed by these and others with open arms (something I would not have believed 15 years ago). We started by going to their meetings (not in uniform, but not disguising who we were), handing out business cards (labeled “Idaho Light Foot” with contact info) and asking if we could set up an information table at their next event. Now, they ask us to come.

9) Gun shows are a great way to get your message out to the public and to recruit new people. You might even consider doing one before your first meeting. Hand out fliers with the date and time of your “Founding” meeting. Do it right though. Have a good size banner (2'x6' or 2'x8') so that people know who you are. Half of our job is education and gun shows and other patriotic rallies (County fairs are great too!) are the perfect opportunity to tell your neighbors what the militia is REALLY all about!


THE NEXT STEP Once you've had your first meeting or two, you need to start electing officers. This isn't a “power” thing. As in any association you need leaders to help get things organized. It's honestly more of a job description than a military rank. If you read through the “Unit Structure” section in the Standards on, “Battalion Command Staff”, you'll see what I mean. Our officers understand that they only hold their position until someone better comes along. Then we will gladly step down into the ranks. We want the best qualified people in the proper leadership roles. This is not about EGO! This is about protecting our Republic! Leave your pride at the door, please. In the beginning you'll more than likely have more officers than enlisted men. This is OK because you need to have a structure in place early on if you want to maintain momentum. Your CO and XO should set up a meeting with the county sheriff and the local paper. Your Training Officer should start planning a training schedule and find out what the skills are of the former armed forces personnel, firemen, police and EMT's, among others, that are joining up. The Training Officer shouldn't have to conduct all the training himself. He should employ the experience of other members and “pass the knowledge around” the unit. Do you have an EMT (emergency medical technician) in your group? Then have him do a field first aid training class! And so on... NEIGHBORING COUNTIES You will probably have people coming to your meetings, or emailing you for information, who are not in your area, simply because they don't have anything like what you're doing in their county. Give them a copy of the “Standards”. Help them to form a unit in their county. Have your officers attend their first couple of meetings to help get them going. Soon enough you'll have a “sister” unit next door. Help organize one more and you've formed a Regiment! We in north Idaho are now the “1st Regiment of Light Foot”, consisting of the counties of Boundary (21st Battalion), Bonner (17th Bn) and Kootenai (55th Bn). We also have a “sister” unit... in Washington State! They came to our meetings and wanted to join us, but we told them “we're not a group, we're citizens of Idaho and therefore members of the Idaho militia”. So they formed the “Washington Light Foot” militia and have been assisting other counties in their state with organizing “Light Foot” units.


MEETINGS AND TRAINING We've found that a schedule of once a month meetings and twice a month training days works out pretty good. If you can do more that's great. But, many people have other commitments (work, family, etc) and three days a month is enough to ask of them. Your training schedule should consist of a classroom training (in say, “Map Reading/Land Navigation”) followed on the next scheduled training day with a field training (go out and use your map/compass) to put those newly learned skills into practical use while still fresh in the mind. Use the “Basic Training Plan” in the Standards for your guideline concerning the proper training curriculum. It outlines the goals for individual preparedness. For training materials we've adopted two well made manuals. The first is “Light Infantry Tactics for Small Teams” by Christopher E. Larson. The second is the US Army Field Manual FM 21-75 “Combat Skills of the Soldier”. Both of these books can be found online at Ebay or Amazon. AND FINALLY... This path you're embarking on is not an easy one. You will need help from above. The Creator guided and protected our Founding Fathers before, during and after our War for Independence. We cannot be so proud and self-centered as to believe we can help protect and defend that independence without His protection and guidance. Pray... with all your heart and all your soul for strength and wisdom. ...then start TRAINING LIKE A MAD MONKEY!

What is a “Militia of One”?

Well, I guess I'm borrowing a phrase that was used in the fairly recent past by the US Army. They had a short lived recruitment campaign called “An Army of One”. I'm using it here to denote American patriots who, for whatever reason, cannot join or form a Light Foot unit in their area, but still wish to be ready when the time comes. So, here's what you'll need to do.

• First, read the Light Foot Standards.

• Next, obtain the proper uniform for your AO (area of operations) as well as unit patches and dog tags. Do not attach any rank patches or pins to your uniform as all rank above private is voted upon (see chapter 3 “Rank Structure”).

• Go to chapter 6 - “Equipment”, and begin assembling your gear. You can find many different opinions on what is the “best” gear, but you need to think about your particular needs (type of weapon/ammo you carry) and your budget. A good quality surplus web belt with Y suspenders and canteen/ammo pouches doesn't look as sweet as a “tacti-cool” new combat vest made in China, but it will last you longer and costs less. More $ doesn't

always = better gear.

• Read and understand, totally and completely, the “Statement of Ethics”, “Mission Statement” and “Duty and Code of Conduct” in chapter 2. Live by these tenets, because many have died by them. They died so that you could live free. Prepare to defend the freedoms and liberties given us by God.

• Purchase a copy of “Light Infantry Tactics for Small Teams” by Christopher E. Larson. You can find it on Amazon.com or other online book seller. This is our standard field manual for the Light Foot; our “basic training” book, if you will. In it you will learn camouflage, movement techniques, battle drills, hand signals, etc. Memorize it!

• Get in shape (if you're not already). You might have the body of a “god”, but let's just hope that god's not Buddha! Seriously, you don't have to be in top physical condition, but it would be embarrassing to die of a heart attack during the road march to the battle, wouldn't it? Most people in decent shape can pass the Level 1 qualifications pretty easily (see chapter 5), but if you want to link up with an already formed Light Foot unit during a crisis you should strive to pass the level 2's.

• Take a regular file folder and write your name, date of birth and skill level on the tab. Fill out the paperwork at the back of the Standards. Make a photo copy of your driver's license (or other photo ID), your concealed carry permit (shows you're not a felon) and your DD214 (if you're a military veteran). Place the paperwork and your photocopies in the file and keep it with your gear. When the time comes for you to find and join up with a unit, having the proper paperwork ready will make your placement much easier. It also shows that you've prepared and that you take your duties as a militia-man seriously.

Pack your gear into a “bug-out-bag” and keep it in a safe place (but easy to get to on short notice). Keep training. Go to a local shooting range to practice or join a gun club. Go to church (or whatever your belief). Prepare yourself mentally for the times ahead. Prepare your family if you have one. Pray. Then, when the time comes...Join with us!

BATTALION MEDIC

LOADOUT LIST

This is by no means a complete list. There may be mission specific items not covered in this directive.

The items listed in these tables, will allow you to perform the required procedures for which they are

listed for.

(It is incumbent upon the medic to acquire and, to become proficient in each procedure).

Equipment is broken down into tables, with repetitive items listed first. These are minimum standards.

AIRWAY:

1. Gauze, 4x4 and 2x2.........4 each.

2. Oropharyngeal airway.......1 of each size.

3. Nasopharyngeal airway.....1 of each size.

4. Combitube.........................1 each.

5. Bag valve mask.................1 each

6. Aqueous lube for tubes and airways....4 each

BLEEDING:

1. Compression bandage...2 each size (4,6,12 inch)

2. Blood stopping agent,(quick clot, celox, etc.)

3. Assorted bandages for lacerations....6 each size.

4. Alcohol wipes/ wound cleaners.....10 min.

5. Betadine.

6. Gauze dressing.....10 each(more's better).

7. Assorted bandages.

Wound Management:

Sutures, 1-3, 5-7, and 8-10 (2 of each).

Scalpel (disposable or autoclavable w/ extra blades.)

Staple gun (15 min.)

Sterile water (for irrigation).

Wound glue.

Misc:

Tape (heavy cloth, bandaging).

Cravats for splinting.

Scissors (Trauma shears, dressing).

Tongue depressors.

Sam splints (large and small)

Tweezers

Forceps

Medications:

Benydril

Analgesics (over the counter pain med's).

Anti-diuretics.

D5W IV solution (500 ml).

Normal saline solution (1000 ml min.)

Diagnostic:

Stethoscope

Blood pressure cuff (Adult medium and large).

Pen light

IV Administration:

IV catheters (14, 18, 20 ga.; 2 ea. Minimum).

IV starter kits (3 minimum)

Tourniquets (2 ea)

I N D E X | 1

3-3-3 Radio Plan, 54

After Action Reviews (AAR), 16

Alert Levels, 48

Antenna Length Chart, 55

Assembly and Muster, 5

Basic Marksmanship Course, 19

Basic Training Plan, 17

Battalion, 8

Battalion Numbering System, 14

Battle Drills, 16

Brigade, 8, 14

Chaplains, 14

Class B Uniform, 34

Combat Teams, 12

Command Staff, 11

Communication, 37

Communication Security (COMSEC), 60

Company, 8, 14

COMSEC - see Communication Security

Convoy, 36

Core Training Card, 17, 20

County - see Battalion

Court Martial, 5

Designated Marksman Rifle, 19

DMR - see Designated Marksman Rifle

Dog Tags, 31

Drills - see battle drills

Duty and Code of Conduct, 3

Enlisted Ranks, 6

Equipment, 26

Ethics - see Statement of Ethics

Evacuation and Mobilization, 35

Field Force, 8

First Aid, 21

Formal Hearing, 5

Frequency, 51

FRS, 41

GMRS, 42

“Green Book” – see ‘Light Infantry Tactics

for Small Teams’ by Christopher Larsen

Hearing - see Formal Hearing

Individual Movement Techniques, 21

Individual Skills, 16

Land Navigation, 23

Logistics, 14

Marksmanship, 18

Medical, 13, appendix VI

Membership, 4

Militia Marksmanship Qualification, 19

Militia Readiness Code (MRC), 18

Mission Essential Training List, 17

Mission Statement, 1

MMQ - see Militia Marksmanship

Qualification

MRC - see Militia Readiness Code

I N D E X | 2

National Emergency Net, 50

Numbering System - see Battalion

Numbering System

Oath, 7

Officers Ranks, 7

Operations Security (OPSEC), 57

Operations Security Checklist, 73

OPSEC - see Operations Security

OPSEC Assessment, 70

Patches and Insignia, 32

Personal Equipment, 4

PHYSEC - see Physical Security

Physical Fitness, 18

Physical Security (PHYSEC), 66

Pistol Qualification, 20

Platoon, 8

Qualifying Weapon, 19

Rank Structure, 6

Rapid Alert System (RAS), 46

Reconnaissance, 22

Regiment, 8, 14

Religious Support, 14

S.W.O.R.D. Team, 13, 19, 24, 25

Signal Corps, 38

Skill Level, 16

Skill Level “RECRUIT”, 20

Skill Level ONE, 20

Skill Level THREE, 23

Skill Level TWO, 22

Small Unit Tactics, 22

Squad, 8

SRATCOMM, 49

Standard Uniform, 28, 31, 34

State - see Field Force

Statement of Ethics, 1

Supply, 14

Support Teams, 13

Survival, 23

TACOMM, 49

Team, 8

Team Radio Operator (TRO), 37

Telephone Tree, 47

Training, 5, 16, 17, 37

TRO - see Team Radio Operator

UHF, 41

Uniform - see Standard Uniform

Unit Geography, 14

Unit Structure, 8

Violations of Ethics or Code of Conduct, 5

Weapons and Ammunition, 4

Light Foot

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