Light Airborne Platforms for Monitoring Mines and · PDF fileLight Airborne Platforms for ....

Light Airborne Platforms for Monitoring Mines and Minerals

L. Ameglio, F. Durufle, G. Jacobs and C. Chng

Disclaimer & Forward-looking Statements

This document/presentation (the “Document”) has been prepared by EXIGE and GyroLAG (the “Company”) solely for information purposes only and shall not be regarded neither as a proposal, acceptance, nor as a statement of will or official statement from Company and/or subsidiaries and/or affiliates and/or associates. This Document is the sole responsibility of the Company. Information contained herein does not purport to be complete and is subject to certain qualifications and assumptions and should not be relied upon for the purposes of making an investment in the securities or entering into any transaction. The information and opinions contained in the Document are provided as at the date of the Document and are subject to change without notice and, in furnishing the Document, the Company does not undertake or agree to any obligation to provide recipients with access to any additional information or to update or correct the Document. In preparation of this Document, Company has exercised reasonable skill, care and diligence. The statements, conclusions and recommendations contained herein might be based upon data obtained from third parties. No warranty or undertaking is made in respect of information that was obtained and used in this Document and which, unknown to Company, was incorrect or incomplete. Neither Company, nor any of its employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors or their employees, nor any of its Associates and shareholders, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility whatsoever for, or in respect of, any use of, or reliance upon, this Document by recipient or any third parties, or if it is used by Recipient or any third parties, for any other purpose than originally intended. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favouring by Company or its contractors or subcontractors. The views and opinions of author(s) expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of Company. This document may contain "forward-looking statements and information” that are based on the Company's current expectations, estimates and projections about future events and financial trends affecting the Company. Forward-looking statements and information can be identified by the use of words such as "may," "will," "should," "expect," "estimate" or other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements and information are inherently subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions, many of which the Company cannot predict with accuracy and some of which the Company might not even anticipate. Important factors, which may affect these expectations, estimates and projections and may cause expectations, estimates and projections to differ materially from those expressed in the forward looking statements and information contained herein, include, but are not limited to: (i) continued availability of capital and financing; (ii) Company's ability to borrow on favourable terms; (iii) general economic, market, business or governmental conditions; (iv) adverse changes in the airborne geophysics markets including, among other things, increased competition with other companies, market prices; (v) risk of airborne surveys acquisition and development, including, among other things, risks that projects may not be completed on schedule, that Clients may not or delay payment for services rendered by the Company to them, or that development or operating costs may be greater than anticipated; (vi) risks of investing through joint venture structures, including risks that the Company's joint venture partners may not fulfil their financial obligations as investors or may take actions that are inconsistent with the Company's objectives; (vii) environmental requirements. Accordingly, the Company can give no assurance that these expectations, estimates and projections will be achieved. Future events and actual results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements.

2 Future Mining conference 2015 - Sydney (Australia)

HMAG www.nrgex.co.za

MegaTEM

www.fugroairborne.com

www.aeroquestsurveys.com

Impulse


FMAG

www.terraquest.ca

FAirG

www.nrgex.co.za

www.nrgex.co.za


Tempest

GeoTEM


www.airbornetechnologies.at

LIDAR

HAirG www.aerogravity.com www.aerogravity.com

Airborne geophysics carriers – chronic of an extinction

www.luxist.com

AeroTEM


www.bellgeo.com

FTG

www.shiftgeo.com.au

Future Mining conference 2015 - Sydney (Australia) 3

http://www.nrgex.co.za/images/large/xplorer_01_large.jpg

http://www.nrgex.co.za/images/large/gravity_04_large.jpg

http://www.nrgex.co.za/images/large/gravity_03_large.jpg

http://www.aeroquestsurveys.com/english/aerotem.php

Recurrent wish of many stakeholders

Small and stable multi-sensor aerial platform resulting in highly flexible surveys flown at low/reasonable cost of operation.

R&D program called FLAG (Flying Light Airborne Geophysics).

EXIGE FLAG research & development program


Two major carriers were identified: (1) VLA (Very Light Aircraft); (2) UAV (Unmanned Airborne Vehicle).

(www.drawingsofleonardo.org)

(Source unknown) (www.webshots.com) (www.seanbuckley.cablog20050829human-cannonball-

fired-over-usmexico-border)

(Source unknown)

(http:// www.sa-venues.com)

(http:// www.clusterballoon.org) (http://www.popularmechanics.com)

(http://www.terrafugia.com/photogallery.html)

GyroLAG – Gyrocopter development


GyroLAG – Gyrocopter survey carrier


Number of seats 2

Endurance (hrs) > 4

Fuel consumption (litres/hr) 24 (unleaded 95)

Aircraft range (km) > 400 (at average cruise speed of 100 km/hr)

Engine type Subaru 2.2L

Tank capacity (litres) 120 (+ 5 litres reserve)

Speed (km/hr) 50 to 150 (ave. 100 on line)

Landing distance 5 to 30 m

Speed (VNE) (km/hr) 160

Size

Length 4 m

Width 1.6 m

Height 2.6 m

Weight

MTOW 680 kg

Empty 400 kg

Useful 280 kg

GyroLAG – Gyrocopter technical specifications


Gyrocopter safety (EASA)


Helicopter Gyrocopter

Fixed-wing

Gyrocopter safety (CASA)


https://www.atsb.gov.au/media/5474110/ar2014084_final.pdf

2004 – 2012 period

Copter4 (Survey Copter) Camcopter – Schieble

IT180 (Infotron)

UAV types and capabilities (VTOLs)

ExplorAir (LH Aviation)


UAV categories Acronym Range

(Km)

Flight Altitude

(m)

Endurance

(Hours)

Take-Off Mass

(Kg)

Micro Micro < 10 250 1 < 5

Mini Mini <10 150 to 300 < 2 < 30

Close Range CR 10 to 30 3 000 2 to 4 150

Short Range SR 30 to 70 3 000 3 to 6 200

www.avinc.com

www.sensefly.com

ECA Group – IT180 rotary uav


ECA Group IT180 uav – Technical specifications


Top Swatch Plate

Bottom Swatch Plate

Kinematic Chain and

Motorization

Fixed Tube

Top Blades

Bottom Blades

Model IT180-5TH (petrol model)

IT180-3TET (tethered model)

Endurance up to 120 min unlimited

Range up to 10 km (with tracking antenna)

Ground fixed or mobile

Deployment time < 6 min < 10 min Engine 2-stroke, 46 cm3 DC Brushless

Fuel type synthetic gasoline Li-po 26Ah (IATA certified)

Fuel capacity 1.2 liters + extra tank of 1.8 liters n/a

Operating temperature - 10°C up to + 45°C Maximum speed 80 km/h Wind resistance up to 60 km/h Noise emission 65 dBA (at 100 m agl) 44 dBA (at 100 m agl)

Maximum ceiling 3000 m (9000 ft) up to 150 m (length of cable)

Size Rotor diameter 1.8 m Feet diameter 1.3 m Height 75.5 cm

Weight MTOW 22 kg 18 kg Empty 14 kg 15 kg Useful 5 kg 3 kg

ECA Group IT180 uav – Range and autonomy

Thanks to UHF MODEM, Video COFDM MODEM with booster & antenna tracking , real time video feedback is available up to 10km.

Telemetry/Command link: 360 – 940 MHz Security Pilot link: 2.4GHz

Video link: 1.3 – 5.8 GHz

Basic configuration

GCS GCS

3Km LOS operation with booster option Typical convoy surveillance configuration

GCS

10Km LOS with booster and antenna tracking option


UAV and gyrocopter borne magnetic

Bouiflane (2008) – PhD, UNISTRA.


http://eost.unistra.fr/

Gyrocopter airborne magnetic survey


UAV magnetic survey of buried industrial junk


Gyrocopter borne gamma spectrometry

Inspection of the maps above demonstrate that overall geological structures are clearly visible in both datasets and also that both maps for each elements (i.e. U, Th, K) are virtually similar. A more detailed comparison of the results can be found in Limburg et al. (2011)

Limburg et al. (2011) - www.medusa-systems.com

Traditional 48 ltr NaI GRS vs. a Medusa 4 ltr CsI GRS on board a fixed-wing aircraft flown at 100 m agl.


UAV gamma spectrometry


LiDAR


Ortho-photo and point cloud reconstruction


Ortho-photo

Low density point cloud

High density point cloud

DTM & DSM model with texture

http://www.en.vvs.fraunhofer.de/

Infrastructure defects mapping


Gyrocopter & UAV TIR imaging



Below – automatic computerized rock types determination (color coded dots) of a NIR multi-spectral scan with superimposed corresponding final geology map of soil/ground surface.

Hyper-spectral profiling – Soil & regolith mapping

(E. Stettler et al., 2007 – EGM International Workshop)

Above – reflectance reference profiles of typical rock samples.



Hyper-spectral profiling profiling – Soil mapping (cont’d)



Cost effectiveness


An airborne survey costs somewhere between US$ 10/km and US$ 200/km. A seismic survey costs an average US$ 1500/km. A non seismic (e.g. magnetic or gravity) ground survey costs approx. US$ 55-95/lkm. Comparative ratios are better illustration of the cost effectiveness of VLA platforms. For similar geo-technology sensors (e.g. magnetic and gamma spectrometric):

- helicopter borne survey will cost 2 to 4 time that of a fixed-wing survey. - gyrocopter borne survey provides an heli-borne type survey/resolution at the cost, or

lower, of a fixed wing survey. UAV borne surveys performed by authors to date displayed an effectiveness improvement ratio of 8-9 in survey time and 12 in operational costs compared to ground crew operations.

Operational and logistic practical character. Better cost effectiveness . Tailored solution for fast and high resolution airborne surveying and monitoring. Bridging traditional aviation and ground surveying . Iintegrated and cross-platform multi-sensor mapping solutions. Multi purposes. Effective irrespective of size of investigated areas. Allow repeat monitoring (4D).

The future airborne remote sensing is already here!


… so what is next? Real time data QA/QC and data processing. Data fusion. Bridging the gap between acquisition and interpretation of data. Real-time/’ on the spot’ transformation of geophysical data into information useful for mining

management. EM on gyrocopter (Q1 2016) Gravimeter on gyrocopter (H2 2016) Gamma spectrometer for exploration on UAV

Cell. (South Africa): +27 84 787 1000 Cell. (Australia): +61 4 32116278

Email: [email protected] Web: www.gyrolag.com

Gyrocopter Light Airborne Geophysics

Where Vision becomes Reality!

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