December 9, 2014 Objective: To describe how joints function

and to differentiate between types of joints

Journal: Have you or someone you know ever had a knee injury? Explain what happened.

Ligaments, Tendons, and Joints

Joints

Aka articulations When two or more bones come together Allow the body to move

Ligaments

Tough, connective tissue Connects bone to bone

Tendons

Cordlike structures that attach bones to muscles

Types of Joints

Fibrous Joints Held together by

short connective strands

Immobile or slightly moveable

Ex: Sutures

Cartilaginous Joints

Held together by cartilage disks Immovable or slightly movable Ex: Joints between your ribs and sternum

Synovial Joints

Connected by a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid and lined with a synovial membrane

Freely moving

Types of Synovial Joints

Pivot Joints: Can only rotate◦ Found in your neck

Types of Synovial Joints

Ball and Socket Joints: Can move in all directions including rotation◦ Found in your shoulders and hips

Types of Synovial Joints

Hinge Joints: Can either open or close◦ Found in your knees and elbows

Types of Synovial Joints

Gliding Joints◦ Flat, slightly curved, plate like bones◦ Can only side back and forth◦ Found in your wrists and ankles

http://phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/skeletal_and_muscular/index.html

Types of Synovial Joints

Saddle Joints◦ One bone shaped like a saddle and another

similar to a horse’s back◦ Rock up and down and side to side◦ Found in the base of your thumb

Types of Synovial Joints Condyloid Joints

◦ Oddly shaped convex bones fitting into concave bones

◦ Can move in any direction, but cannot rotate

◦ Found in the knuckles of your fingers and wrists

Movement Classification

Flexion

When a joint is bent, decreasing the angle between the two bones

Ex: the leg bent at the knee

Extension

Straightening a joint so the angle between the involved bones increases

Ex: kicking

Plantar Flexion

When the toes are pointed

Dorsiflexion

When the foot is bent upward toward the leg

Hyperextension

When a joint is forced to straighten beyond its normal limits

Abduction

To move away from the bodies midline Ex: Moving your arms up from resting

next to your body

Adduction

To move toward the midline of the body Ex: Moving your arms from above your

head back down to your sides

Inversion

When the sole of one foot is turned inward so it points to the other foot

Eversion

The foot is turned outward, pointing away from the opposite foot

Supination

The palm of your hand is turned upward

Pronation

When the palm of the hand is turned down

Circumduction

Circular arm motion

Protraction

Drawing a part forward

Retraction

Drawing a part backwards

Rotation

When a bone spins on its axis Ex: Rotating your head

Knee Joint Reading!!

Knee Surgery Videos

ACL Reconstruction - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xsq0sQp6DwUMeniscus Reconstruction - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=444A9nPCPCA