Lifting & Rigging Module.docx

8/10/2019 Lifting & Rigging Module.docx

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FEMA NATIONAL US&R RESPONSE SYSTEM

STRUCTURAL COLLAPSE TECHNICIAN 02-00

SM 4 1

MODULE 4 - LIFTING AND RIGGING

INTRODUCTION

A fire officer on a pumper was once asked why he ordered the

pumper engineer to drive the 30,000 pound fire apparatus on a

road that had a bridge with a 10,000 load limit !he officer

responded to the "uestion by saying that #it was an emergency#

$escue personnel often think that the physical laws of the

universe do not apply when there is #an emergency# %ravity is

one of the laws of the universe that applies to all earthly

&rescue' environments $escuers deal with gravity every time

they lift a patient, every time they move an ob(ect and every

time they lower themselves on a rope

$escuers need to understand the relationship of gravity to basic

tactical evolutions such as lifting, lowering, moving and stabili)ing

loads !oday even with the availability of powerful cranes,strong hydraulic winches and high pressure air bags there is a

need for a knowledge of the basic concepts of leverage and

gravity *t is the ability of the rescuer to make effective si)e ups

in confined areas of collapsed buildings that often means the

difference between life and death

!he rescuer also has a critical role to play when using the heavy

lifting e"uipment such as cranes All loads to be lifted or moved

must be assessed for weight, stability and rigging points !he

rescuer+s knowledge of rigging e"uipment and its basic

application will enhance the ability of the heavy e"uipment toperform

!his training module for the S-$ Sructural .ollapse !echnician

will look at levers, gravity, lifting and rescue rigging e"uipment

TERMINAL OBJECTIVE

!o understand the relationship of gravity and movement

as they apply to urban search and rescue operations

CLASS INTRODUCTION

/ Introdut!on o" !n#trutor#

/ In#trutor$#tud%nt ontr&t

/ S'%du(% o" %)%nt#

0(#roo* (%tur%

0+r&t!&( %)o(ut!on#

0rot&t!on #'%du(%$#!t% (o&t!on

/ P%r#on&( +rot%t!)% ,%&r

r%u!r%*%nt#

CLASS INTRODUCTION

/ S&"%t. on#!d%r&t!on#/ E)&(u&t!on#

/ F%%d/&

TERMINAL OBJECTIVE

/ To und%r#t&nd t'% r%(&t!on#'!+

o" ,r&)!t. &nd *o)%*%nt

t'%. &++(. to ur/&n #%&r' &nd

r%#u% o+%r&t!on#1


2/40


ENABLING OBJECTIVES

At the conclusion of module the student should be able to

nderstand the basic physics as they relate to mass,

gravity, and center of gravity

nderstand moment of force considerations as the relate

to the movement of stationary ob(ects

2plain the concept of elasticity of solids

escribe what determines the efficiency of

mechanical advantages

2plain the three classes of levers

escribe the efficiency of inclined planes

escribe the two types of pulley configurations

2plain the effective use of high pressure air bags

.alculate the weights of common materials

2plain the use of anchor systems, anchor

failure considerations, and proper anchor

spacing

escribe the proper use of swivel hoist, steel

angle brackets, and concrete screws

nderstand the proper use of wire ropes, wire rope

fittings, end terminations, and tighteners

2plain the use of slings and sling arrangements

escribe the use of chains for rigging and lifting

etermine the effects of critical angles as the relate to

lifting and moving ob(ects

*dentify and describe the advantages and disadvantages

of the different types of cranes

2plain considerations for crane use, and demonstrate

basic crane signals for rescue operations

ENABLING OBJECTIVESAt t'% on(u#!on o" *odu(% t'% #tud%nt

#'ou(d /% &/(% to/ Und%r#t&nd t'% /! +'.#!# t'%. r%(&t% to

*#3 ,r&)!t.3 &nd %nt%r o" ,r&)!t.1

/ Und%r#t&nd *o*%nt o" "or% on#!d%r&t!on#

t'% r%(&t% to t'% *o)%*%nt o" #t&t!on&r. o/%t

/ E5+(&!n t'% on%+t o" %(t!!t. o" #o(!d#1

/ D%#r!/% 6'&t d%t%r*!n%# t'% %""!!%n. o"*%'&n!&( &d)&nt&,%#1

/ E5+(&!n t'% t'r%% (#%# o" (%)%r#1

/ D%#r!/% t'% %""!!%n. o" !n(!n%d +(&n%#1

ENABLING OBJECTIVES

At t'% on(u#!on o" *odu(% t'% #tud%nt

#'ou(d /% &/(% to

/ D%#r!/% t'% t6o t.+%# o" +u((%. on"!,ur&t!on#1

/ E5+(&!n t'% %""%t!)% u#% o" '!,' +r %##ur% &!r/&,#1

/ C&(u(&t% t'% 6%!,'t# o" o**on *&t%r!&(#1

/ E5+(&!n t'% u#% o" &n'or #.#t%*#3 &n'or"&!(ur% on#!d%r&t!on#3 &nd +ro+%r &n'or#+&!n,1

/ D%#r!/% t'% +ro+%r u#% o" #6!)%( 'o!#t3 #t%%(&n,(% /r&%t#3 &nd onr%t% #r%6#1

/ Und%r#t&nd t'% +ro+%r u#% o" 6!r% ro+%3 6!r%ro+% "!tt!n,#3 %nd t%r*!n&t!on#3 &nd t!,'t%n%r#1

ENABLINENABLINGG OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAt t'% on(u#!on o" *odu(% t'% #tud%nt

#'ou(d /% &/(% to/ E5+(&!n t'% u#% o" #(!n,# &nd #(!n, &rr&n,%*%nt

/ D%#r!/% t'% u#% o" '&!n# "or r!,,!n, &nd (!"t!n,

/ D%t%r*!n% t'% %""%t# o" r!t!&( &n,(%# t'%

r%(&t% to (!"t!n, &nd *o)!n, o/%t#1

/ Id%nt!". &nd d%#r!/% t'% &d)&nt&,%# &ndd!#&d)&nt&,%# o" t'% d!""%r%nt t.+%# o" r&n%#1

/ E5+(&!n on#!d%r&t!on# "or &(( r&n% u#%1

/ D%*on#tr&t% /! r&n% #!,n&(# "or r%#u%

o+%r&t!on#1


3/40


4/40


E?UILIBRIUM

PRINCIPLE

2very ob(ect resting on earth is said to be Bat restC and in

a state of Static 2"uilibrium All ob(ects seek a state of

e"uilibrium

CHANGING E?UILIBRIUM

Small outside force8effort at the highest point on the ob(ect

can change it?s condition from static to unstable

e"uilibrium

Dind or a gentle push can move the ob(ect out this#balance point# of static e"uilibrium

Dith applied force changes into a state of unstable

e"uilibrium

Eb(ect will move &fall over' into another position of static

e"uilibrium

FRICTION &nd RESISTANCE FORCE

PRINCIPLE

Force found in the location of the contact betweentwo surfaces

Force acts parallel to those surfaces in a direction

opposing the relative motion between them

!he greater the weight &force of gravity' of an ob(ect,

the greater the friction force

BASIC CONCEPTS RELATED TO FRICTION

!he smoother the two contact surfaces, the less thefriction between those surfaces

5i"uids can reduce the friction between two surfaces

&unless too much surfacetension is developed'

Materials with rounded surfaces that break the

contact between ob(ects will generally reduce friction

E?UILIBRIUM

/ E)%r. @&t r%#t o/%t !# !n &

#t&t% o" St&t! Eu!(!/r!u*1

/ For%# &n '&n,% Eu!(!/r!u*

!nd or ot'%r (&t%r&( "or%#O/%t 6!(( *o)% to &not'%r

+o#!t!on o" St&t! Eu!(!/r!u*

FRICTION/ For% (o&t%d /%t6%%n t6o

#ur"&%#

/ For% +&r&((%( to t'o#% #ur"&%#

!n & d!r%t!on o++o#!n, t'%

r%(&t!)% *ot!on /%t6%%n t'%*

/ T'% ,r%&t%r t'% 6%!,'t3 t'%

,r%&t%r t'% "r!t!on "or%

METHODS TO REDUCE

FRICTION

/ L!u!d#/ Ro((%r#$P!+%#$'%%(#

/ L!"t on% #!d% o" o/%t to r%du%

(o&d on ont&t #ur"&%

/ R%du% t'% #!:% o" & rou,'ont&t #ur"&%


5/40


BASIC CONCEPTS RELATED TO FRICTION 8ont!nu%d9

$educing the si)e of the surface area between two ob(ects

may reduces the amount of friction present, especially if the

contact surfaces are rough

5ifting operations often involve lifting only one side of the

ob(ect which reduces the weight on the contact surface and

conse"uently decreases the friction force

FRICTION AND E?UILIBRIUM

Friction may be the outside force acting on a ob(ect

creating e"uilibrium

!he rescuer can change the amount of friction holding aob(ect in place and allow the force of gravity to overcome the

forces of friction

$ocking motion

Making surface smaller &tilt lift'

$educing the weight on the contact surface

Friction holding an ob(ect in place can be overcome by

the force of gravity when a ob(ect is on an inclined plane

APPLICATION OF MECHANICS TO COLLAPSE RESCUE

*nappropriate or ineffective use of rescue tools is often a result

of a lack of understanding of mechanical advantage !he

following is an overview of mechanics of rescue

M%'&n!# is the branch of physics dealing with energy

and forces in relation to bodies

istance traveled and force used are two elements of

work and energy

L%)%r&,% is the practical application of the moment of

force principle

METHODS TO REDUCE

FRICTION

/ L!u!d#

/ Ro((%r#$P!+%#$'%%(#

/ L!"t on% #!d% o" o/%t to r%du%

(o&d on ont&t #ur"&%

/ R%du% t'% #!:% o" & rou,'

ont&t #ur"&%

ENERG7 AND OR

CONCEPTST'% %""%t!)% u#% o" r%#u%

too(# !# o"t%n d%t%r*!n%d /. &o*+(%t% und%r#t&nd!n, o"

*%'&n!&( &d)&nt&,%#

#.#t%*# &nd t'%!r &++(!&t!on!n & ,!)%n #!tu&t!on1

MECHANICSMECHANICS

/ T'% /r&n' o" +'.#!# d%&(!n, 6!t'

"or%# &nd %n%r,. !n r%(&t!on to

o/%t#1

/ D!#t&n% tr&)%(%d &nd "or% u#%d &r%

t6o %(%*%nt# o" 6or &nd %n%r,.1


6/40


MOMENT OF FORCE CONSIDERATIONS

Moment of force about a point &always a point' is weight

&or force' multiplied by the distance away from the turning

point of that weight or force

Foot-+ound means of describing a Moment of

Force foot 7 distancepound7 force

force 7 any influence that can change the velocity of an

ob(ect

Dhen a force is applied that will cause rotation around

a fulcrum &pivot point' 7 moment of force 7 footGpounds

ENERG7 AND OR CONCEPTS

ENERG7

MOMENT OF FORCECONSIDERATIONS

Mo*%nt o" "or% &/out & +o!nt !

t'% 6%!,'t 8or "or%9 *u(t!+(!%d

/. t'% d!#t&n% &6&. "ro* t'%

turn!n, +o!nt o" t'&t 6%!,'t1

Mo*%nt o" For% = Foot-Pound#

MOMENT OF FORCE

CONSIDERATIONS

MOMENT OF FORCE

CONSIDERATIONS

6roperty that gives something the capacity to dowork

4 ft. from pivot point 4 ft. from pivot point

Something that is able &directly or indirectly' to eert a

force on something else and do work on it

!ypes of

energy

kinetic

potential

rest

OR

$ate that something produces energy

:orsepower is the measurement of work

the movement of an ob(ect from one point to another

within a given time

force8distance per time 7 pounds moved feet within time

1 horsepower 7 33,000 foot pounds per minute

&the ability to move a 33,000 lb ob(ect 1 ft in * minute'

Heed power to do work and must overcome

friction, gravity8inertia, and air resistance

20 lbs. 20 lbs.

ENERG7

/ Foot-+ound *%&n# o" d%#r!/!n,

&*ount o" 6or don%1

Pound = "or%

Foot = d!#t&n%

/ '%n & "or% 8+ound9 rot&t%# &round &

"u(ru*$+!)ot +o!nt &t & d!#t&n% 8"oot9

= *o*%nt o" "or% 8toru%9 = "t-(/#

OR

/ R&t% &t 6'!' +ound# &r% *o)%d

"%%t !n #+%!"! t!*%

0Hor#%+o6%r

0"or%d!#t&n%t!*% *%ur%*%nt

03000 "oot +ound# +%r *!nut%

/ N%%d +o6%r to do 6or

0*u#t o)%ro*% "r!t!on3 ,r&)!t.

&nd &!r r%#!#t&n%

20lbs.


7/40

MODULE 4 - LIFTING AND RIGGINGOVERVIE OF MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE 8MA9

MA

$atio between the output force a machine eerts to the

input force that is furnished to that machine to do work

efines how efficient and effective a machine is

Mechanical advantage greater than one &1' means that the

output force &energy' delivered by the machine eceeds the

input force &energy' supplied to the machine

Mechanical advantage less than one &1' means that the

output force &energy' delivered by the machine is

smaller than the input force &energy' supplied to the

machine

Applied to the relationship between the weight of a

load being lifted and the power of the force re"uired to

lift8push8hold that load

MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE

DEFINITION

T'% r&t!o /%t6%%n t'% out+ut

"or% & *&'!n% %5%rt# to t'%

!n+ut "or% t'&t !# "urn!#'%d

to t'&t *&'!n% to do 6or1


EFFICENC7

M%'&n!&( &d)&nt&,%# d%"!n% t'%

%""!!%n. &nd %""%t!)%n%## o" &

*&'!n%1

to

Out+ut In+ut


200

10 feet

.onsist of inclined planes, levers, pulley wheels,

gears, ropes, belts, and8 or cams

$igid or resistant bodies that have preGdefined

motions

.apable of performing work

f t

4!1

"e#$%ni#%l&'v%nt%(e

2 ft

2nergy applied to these mechanisms by a source

that causes these mechanisms to perform useful

motion

More efficient to perform work with machines than

with muscle force only

De will now discuss *nclined 6lanes, 5evers, 6ulleys, and

an advanced leverage application, the A frame %antry

INCLINED PLANES

2amples $amps, wooden wedge, screw thread

%ains effectiveness of energy used based on

distance traveled 7 mechanical advantage

se of a gradual slope 7 less force to move an ob(ect

a certain distance

SIMPLE MACHINES

CONSIST OF

/ In(!n%d P(&n%#

/ L%)%r#$Pr. /&r#

/ Pu((%.#

/ G%&r#

/ Ro+%#

/ B%(t#

/ C&*#

INCLINED PLANES

G&!n# %""!!%n. /. r%du!n,

r%u!r%d "or% to r&!#% o/%t

L%## "or% - S&*% %n%r,.

E""!!%n. d%+%nd# on t'% #(o+%o" t'% !n(!n% &nd t'% "r!t!on

on !t;# #ur"&%1

ft ) 200 lbs. *1+00

2 ft ) 00 lbs. *1+00


8/40


INCLINED PLANES 8ont!nu%d9

P%r%nt&,% o" (o&d /%d on #(o+% &nd ,r&d%

Dhen an ob(ect comes to rest on a slope, the rescuermust determine the percentage of the loads weight that

needs to be managed during the stabili)ation process

!o estimate the load percentage first determine the

amount of resistance the load surface has in relation to

the ob(ect

iscounting friction refer to the table below for approimate

weight based on slope

APPLICATION OF

INCLINED PLANES

/ R&*+#

/ ood%n %d,%#

/ Sr%6 T'r%&d

INCLINED PLANESTr%vel len(t$ 'ivi'e' b, $ei($t * "&

1-/ * 2.+ * 2.+!1 "&

1- feet

/ feet

12 feet

LEVERS

Give me a lever long enough and a ro !"rong

enough# I $an !ingle handed move "he %orld'

Ar$himede!

Application of leversMove a load that is heavier than can be moved

by manpower alone

6ulling8hauling

$aising

PERCENTAGE OF LOADB%d on #(o+% ,r&d%

esist%n#e

To For#e

/ 4 d%,r%%# 00

/ d%,r%%# 0

/ 2 d%,r%%# 40

/ d%,r%%# 2

THTHEEAPPLICATIOAPPLICATIONNOFOFLEVERSLEVERS

/ Mo)%3 '&u(3 or +u(( & (o&d t'&t6ou(dnor*&((. /% out#!d% o" t'% 'u*&n;#+o6%r 6!ndo61

5everage is the means of accomplishing work with

levers !ransfers force from one place to another.hanges the force+s direction

For#e /00/ * 100 /!1 "&

1 foot

CLASSES OF LEVERS

C(# On% L%)%rCLASS ONE LEVER

Fu(ru* !# +(&%d /%t6%%n t'%

"or% &++(!%d &nd t'% (o&d1

Fulcrum is placed between the force applied and weight

&load'

MA sed when a decided advantage is desired

2amples .rowbars, wrecking bars, pliers, scissors

For#e

Fl#rm

se' 3$en % 'e#i'e'

%'v%nt%(e is re1ire'

Lo%'

Slope8%rade I of 5oad?s Deight

4@ degrees 100I

3@ degrees >0 I@ degrees 40I

1@ degrees @I

Fri#tion *

Fl#rm/00 L5.

Lo%'

/ feet


9/40


C(# T6o L%)%r

Deight &load' is placed between the force and the

CLASS TO LEVERLo&d !# +(&%d /%t6%%n t'%

"or% &nd t'% "u(ru*

se' for %'v%nt%(e in

movin( m%teri%ls on %

fulcrum

MA sed for advantage in moving heavy materials on

a hori)ontal8near hori)ontal surface

2amples Dheelbarrows, furniture dollies

C(# T'r%% L%)%r

For#e

Lo%'

Fl#rm

$ori6ont%l or ne%r$ori6ont%l s1rf%#e.

Force placed between the fulcrum and the load

MA used when force may be sacrificed for distance

CLASS THREE LEVERFor% !# +(&%d /%t6%%n t'%

"u(ru* &nd t'% (o&d1

se' 3$en for#e m%, bes%#rifi#e' for 'ist%n#e .

2amples Jrooms, shovels, baseball bat, twee)ersLo%'

SCRE-T7PE MACHINES

2amples of screwGtype machines Dorm gears,

screw (acks and valves in fire hydrants

.haracteristics of these machines are

.ombination of a lever and an inclined plane

!hread of a screw is an inclined plan encircling the stemof the screw

:andle is the lever

!hread works in a corresponding groove in the base

!hread is forced to move under the load

Ene rotation of the handle moves the thread through a

distance e"ual to the distance between it and the thread

below itistance moved is call the pitch of the screw

For#e

F1l#r1m

PULLE7S

Application related toloads

5ifting

6ulling

Moving

.hange direction

Mechanical advantage

$educe friction

TO CONFIGURATIONSOF PULLE7S

/ F!5%d +u((%.# &((%d COD;#t'&t

+ro)!d% no *%'&n!&( &d)&nt&,%1

8on(. C'&n,% O" D!r%t!on9

/ Mo)!n, +u((%.# t'&t &r% r!,,%d to t'%

(o&d &nd *o)% 6'%n (o&d !# +u((%d3

'&u(%d3 or r&!#%d1


10/40


PULLE7S 8ont!nu%d9

.hange direction ofeffort

FI>14?G0C timbers

that are lashed together at the top, or by using a pair of

1 ft long, aluminum rescue struts connected using special

ape

PULLE7SPULLE7S

'&t (# o" (%)%rK

Fl#rm

Lo%'

For#e

!he two lower ends of the AGframe must be connected

together, (ust above the ground, using a stout rope,

webbing or chain

!he legs should be spaced from 10 to 1 feet apart at

the ground

A 1@1 or 01 compounded mechanical advantage

pulley system used for swinging the AGframe is attached to

the apeof the gantry and anchored to an

appropriate bombproof anchors

THE @A FRAME GANTR7

H

Tie +)+ %t b%se


11/40


A- FRAME GANTR7 8ont!nu%d9

!he ob(ect &5oad' is attached to the ape of the

%antry using a short rigging strap, and a lowering control

rope is connected opposite the mechanical

advantage pulley system

As the gantry is tensioned and elevated, the load starts

to rise A hoist or comeGalong may also be used to initially

suspend the load

!he AGframe ape must be rotated to be centered over

the load, but the angle between the ground and the AGframe

should not be less than 4@ degrees

A - Fr&*% G&ntr. For%#"or 4 d%,1 !n!t!&( &n,(%

700 lb in e%#$ le(

At this angle the initial force on the hawling rope

system is about @I greater than the load, assuming

that the

1000 lb4/

+- 0 lb

+-0 lb

12/0 lb in ope

hauling anchors are placed at least 30 ft from the AG 8./ ft +- 0 lb -0 ft

frame feet

!he force in each of the AGframe legs will be about

e"ual to the load as the lifting begins

As lifting begins, forces are generated in the AGFrame

legs

- !he hori)ontal force tending to move the base of each

of the A frame legs away from the load will be about

83 of the load

+-0 lb


700 lb in e%#$ Le(

700 lb in ope

4-0 lb

1000 lb

- !here will also be a verticle load acting into the

+0

+ f t

+-0 lb

4-0 lb -0 ft

ground at the frame base that is about e"ual to this

hori)ontal force

- !hese forces need to be resisted by the ground,

and8or some type of restraint system

!he dimensions and forces for two AGFrame systems,

using 4@ and >0 degree initial angles are shown in the

ad(acent slides and on the following page

+-0 lb


12/40


DIAGRAM OF TIMBER A-FRAME

THE @A FRAME GANTR7

H

Tie +)+ %t b%se

DIAGRAM OF A-FRAME FORCES &t 4 d%,r%% &n,(%

&per 1000lb load Suggested maimum 5oad 7 4000lb'

Lo&d# "or 0 d%,r%% #'o6n !n #(!d% &d&%nt #(!d%


1000 lb in e%#$ le(

12/0 lb in ope


700 lb in e%#$ Le(

700 lb in ope

1000 lb4/

+-0 lb

+-0 lb

1000 lb+0

+ ft

4-0 lb

+-0 lb

4-0 lb -0 ft

8./ ft+-0 lb -0 ft +-0 lb

+-0 lb


13/40

MODULE 4 - LIFTING AND RIGGINGA-FRAME GANTR7 8ont!nu%d9

*n most cases it is necessary to provide a

footing8baseplate for each leg of the AGframe

*n very firm ground, a shallow hole may provide enough

resistance to the compression forces that are eerted

when the A Gframe legs rotate

- !he forces at the edges of the >> will dig into the

ground and create their own bearing surfaces

*n softer ground, it may be necessary to use a pair of 1C

s"uare plywood gussets to spread the load, and

neoprene pads will be helpful in providing shaped

bearings for the edges of the >> as it rotates

En concrete paving surfaces, it will be necessary tocarefully restrain the >> from slipping, and provide for

the rotating bearing

*n the Airshore $escue Strut AGFrame system, a 1C

s"uare baseplate that provides for the bearing and

rotating leg

- !his baseplate must be properly restrained using

rope, chain, or other mechanical anchors

As the gantry is arched over, the load elevates until

the gantry is straight up and the ob(ect being lifted is directlybeneath ape

As the load moves past 0 degrees, the pulley system

becomes useless, and the lowering ropes take over the

controlled lowering of the load

HIGH PRESSURE AIR BAGS

THE @A FRAME GANTR7P%ir of +)+)14ft l%s$e' %t 12ft9 & is set %t +0 'e(rees

THE @A FRAME GANTR72:&irs$ore ;F< =trts 3steel fittin(s9 >st p%st verti#%l

.haracteristics are

Heoprene8butyl rubber K outerSteel8Nevlar K reinforcement


14/40

MODULE 4 - LIFTING AND RIGGINGHIGH PRESSURE AIR BAGS 8ont!nu%d9

Application

Maimum stack of two high &/&, %nt%r# *u#t &(!,n9

5ift capacity is that of the smaller bag5ift height is increased2nsure that the smallest bag has capacity for the lift

HIGH PRESSURE AIRBAGS

LO&?In#re%se' srf%#e %re% *in#re%se' liftin( #%p%#it,

COL"N OF &I

Neep air pressure in the larger bag less than in the5&=@ OF =PPOT

Jags intandem

HIGHIGHHPRESSURPRESSUREEAIAIRRBAGSBAGS

&II 5&G&G

INFL&T@?INFL&T@?

Jags sideGbyGside or at two points on a load

Maimum working capacities added together

LO&?LO&? @?C@?@?C@?=F&C@=F&C@

&@&&@&

.onsider lift height as well as load weightC O CONT&CTCONT&CTO FL A

UIM

NR

Flat surface

Solid cribbing bed under bag

2stablish safe )ones

6ressuri)e bags slowly and watch for load shift

*f load is uncontrolled, stop the lift and reevaluate

se solid cribbing or wedges under the load to stabili)e

See manufacturer+s manual for additional information

.alculating lifting capabilities

Maimum working pressure of individual bag

Surface area contact &is smaller than bag dimensions'

Dorking pressure of bag under load when in use

Maimum working capacity is the maimum contact

surface area of the bag &&(6&.# #*&((%r t'&n /&,

d!*%n#!on#' times the maimum working pressure

As the air bag lifts and #pillows,# surface contact is

reduced and the lift capacity is decreased

E


15/40


MECHANICS OF LOAD STABILI>ATION AND MOVEMENT

Four functions that need to be addresses before any load

is stabili)ed, lifted, or moved

.enter of gravity

5oad Stability including Shims, Dedges - .ribbing

2stimating 5oad Deight

5ifting Functions including .ritical Angle .onsiderations

CENTER OF GRAVIT7

C%nt%r o" ,r&)!t. is where any load+s entire weight is

concentrated

5oads will seek to have their center of gravity below

the point of support

Moment of force &distance times weight' is created when

the center of gravity moves around a fulcrum

Harrow base of support can rapidly become fulcrum

&pivot point' for the load

!he higher the center of gravity is located in the load,

the wider and more stable the base of support neededto maintain the static e"uilibrium

A load with a relatively high estimated center of gravity and

narrow base of support must be considered to be in a state

of unstable e"uilibrium 7 moment of force of load+s own

weight &or eternal force' can cause the load to move into a

state of e"uilibrium &ie, fall over'

5oad rotation when the lifting point of the rigging is

not directly above the center of gravity

LIFTING OR MOVING A

LOADFUNCTIONS TO BE ADDRESSED/ C%nt%r o" ,r&)!t.

/ Lo&d #t&/!(!t.

06%d,%# r!//!n,

/ E#t!*&t!n, Lo&d 6%!,'t

/ L!"t!n, Funt!on#

0r!t!&( &n,(%

CENTER OF GRAVIT7

AND LOAD STABILIT7

=T&5L@N=T&5L@

CG

CG Conne#tion point belo3

CG m%Aes ob>e#t

nst%ble.


16/40


LOAD STABILI>ATION

Make load attachments above center of gravity

when possible

6lace attachments above and on either side of the

estimated position of center of gravity to control load

Dind or shaking from an earth"uake &eternal force' can

move a load with high estimated center of gravity and

narrow base of support

Diden and etend the load base of support when

istance from base of support to estimated center of

gravity is greater than the width of base of the support

5oads showing any signs of rocking or swaying 7

unstable e"uilibrium state .onsider that center of gravity

may change

%round shaking changing position of internal load such as

machinery in structure

Jase of support shifting

SHIMS $ EDGES $ CRIBBING

.haracteristics

ouglas Fir or Southern 6ine

!ends to crush slowly

6rovides advance warning of failure

@00 pounds per s" inch &psi' maimum load capacity

Shims &wedge'

SHIMS 8EDGES9

se of s$ims to #$%n(e'ire#tion

@MARR7ING EDGES

Stabili)ing tools

*ncline plane &MA'

!ake up void space

Dedge Set

Snug up or tighten load

.hange of direction

IGBT ONG


17/40

MODULE 4 - LIFTING AND RIGGING .ribbing !ypes

Jo & .rib' four points of contact

.rosstie &3 3 .rib' points of contact

Solid entire surface area contact

.ribbing strength is determined by figuring the surface

area at each point of contact and multiplying by the wood

strength

@00 psi for ouglas Fir, but as low as @0 psi for softer

wood

2ample

CRIBBING+000 lbs. per #ont%#t point

For point s,stem Nine point s,stem

CRIB STABILIT7

44 bo cribbing is really 3@# 9 3@# 7 1@ 9 @00psi 7

>,1@ lbs per contact point .all it >000 lbs LO&? C- !otal for Jo .rib 7 4 >000 7 4,000 "=T

- !otal for 3 3 .rib 7 >000 7 @4000 5@

>> bo cribbing is really @@# 9 @@# 7 30@ 9 @00 lbs 71@,1@ lbs per contact point .all it 1@,000 lbs

- !otal for Jo .rib 7 >0,000 lbs

- !otal for .rib 3 3 7 13@,000 lbs

:eight of cribbing when used to stabili)e loads to be movedshould be limited to two times the width CALCULATING THEIGHTS

Support the load on the contact points &load to ground'Dhen using cribbing to support collapsed structures the

height may be increased to three times the width

See Module a for additional information regarding

.ribbing including

Everlap at corners

$ecommended heights when using more than one crib to

share the load

ESTIMATING LOAD EIGHTS

Si)e formula for solid ob(ects 7 5 D :

For pipe 7 3 iameter 5 thickness

OF COMMON MATERIALSLENGTH 5 IDTH 5 HEIGHT = CUBIC FT

/ St%%( 40 (/#1 +%r u/! "oot 8+"9

/ Conr%t% 0 (/#1 +%r u/! "oot

/ E&rt' 00 (/#1 +%r u/! "oot

CALCULATING THEEIGHTS OF COMMONMATERIALS

LENGTH 5 IDTH 5 HEIGHT 5 EIGHT

20D X 4D X 2D * 1+0#f ) 1/0p#f * 249000 lbs.

Deight for material in pounds per cubic foot

&pcf' $einforced concrete 7 1@0 pcf

Steel use 40 pcf

2arth use 100 pcf

Dood use 40 pcf

4 feet

20 feet

2 feet


18/40


LIFTING FUNCTIONS

Attachments

.hains

.ables$opesDebbing

JAS*. %*25*H2S 5ocations of attachment should be

irectly over8in alignment with the load+s center of gravity&.%'

Above the load+s .%

$igid ob(ects should be supported by at leasttwo attachments along with balancing support attachments

Deight on the carrying attachments is more important

than the total weight of the loadAngles of attachments influence hauling systemeffectiveness

Dhen center of gravity of load lines up over the fulcrumor pivot point, balance point has been reached, and load is atstatic e"uilibrium

Dhen making a vertical lift, attachments should beabove center of gravity when possible

!his will keep load from rotating, and under control

CRITICAL ANGLE CONSIDERATIONS

!he angle of a rigging strap8 cable attachment in relation to

/00

CRITICAL ANGLECONSIDERATIONS

120

'e(rees

Lo%' /00 lbs

/00

the lifting point greatly effects the vertical and hori)ontalforces placed on the anchor attachments as well as

the forces in the strap8cable

!hese forces are easily calculated, based on the

properties of the triangle that is created

A circle can be divided into three 10 degree sections

*f the included angle of the rope system is e"ual to

10 degrees, the force in the rope and it?s attachmentis e"ual to the supported load

*f the angle becomes greater by pulling the load line

tighter, a greater force is placed on the rope and the

anchors

*f the included angle is less, the force in the rope is less

120 'e(rees is 1- of % -+0 'e(ree #ir#le .

Too fl%t of %n(le for $e%v, liftin(

CRITICAL ANGLECONSIDERATIONS

5i((er %n(le re'1#es

*n lifting systems the angle should be as small as

possible

$ori6ont%l for#e in%n#$or %n' in slin(

N%rro3 %n(lein#re%ses for#es in%n#$ors %n' slin(


19/40

MODULE 4 - LIFTING AND RIGGING Applying this concept to rigging can be done by inverting

the triangle

!he higher the point of attachment is over the ob(ects .%

the lesser the forces on the sling and it?s attachments

!he flatter the angle, the greater the forces

Neep this in mind when you begin any lifting operation

- *n some cases lifting a fairly light ob(ect with a flat

lifting angle will create forces substatial enough to

break the sling and8or blowGout the anchor points

ANCHOR S7STEMS AND RIGGING DEVICES

EFFECTS OF SLINGANGLES

1000lb 1000lb 1000lb 1000lb

70 'e( +0 'e( 4/ 'e( -0 'e(

INTRODUCTION

!he purpose of this section is to provide information

about safe and practical methods of anchoring to concrete

when some other method &such as cable loops or chokers'

is not available

Hot all of the methods discussed may have useful

application in S-$ work

!he special e"uipment re"uired for undercut anchors and

the sensitivity of epoy anchors to vibration and heat,

make both of little value in critical S-$ situations

All of the available methods are presented in order to

give the student a more complete understanding of anchors,

and then to focus on those that are most useful

T7PES OF ANCHORS

Most of these anchors re"uire the drilling and cleaning of

holes in concrete of the proper si)e and depth

Available types

ndercut Anchor Jolts

2pansion Jolts2pansion Shields

2poy Anchors

.oncrete Screws

!hrough Jolts

T7PES OF ANCHORS

/ Und%rut &n'or#

/ E5+&n#!on /o(t#

/ E5+&n#!on #'!%(d#

/ E+o5. &n'or#

/ T'rou,' /o(t#

/ Conr%t% #r%6#

/00lb

/00lb


20/40


Und%rut An'or Bo(t#

$elatively complicated devices that re"uire the cutting of

a straight hole in the concrete and then inserting a special bit

that enlarges the hole near its bottom

!he undercut anchor bolt is then inserted and during

the tightening process, prongs etend out from the body of

the bolt that engage and bear on the surface of the

enlarged hole

!his produces a very positive anchor, since it does not

have to depend on friction between the bolt and the hole as

in the case of the other anchors presented here

!he system re"uires the use of the special drill bit thatundercuts the hole, and, therefore, would not be useful in

most emergency situations

E5+&n#!on Bo(t#

Are tor"ue controlled anchors that come in two

typesP Dedge Anchors and Sleeve Anchors !hey both have

an undercut shaft that is inserted into the hole and the wedge

or sleeve device that epands as a cone at the bottom of the

shaft is pulled through it when the fastener is tightened

Dedge Anchors have higher tension strength than

sleeve anchors of the same si)e :owever the sleeve anchor

is the only anchor bolt &other than the through bolt' that can

be safely be used in hollow concrete block

.orrect hole si)e &not too large' is very important since

the wedge or sleeve must develop great friction against

the sides of the hole

Most of these anchors will develop more friction as theyare loaded in tension, since more epansion occurs as the

pull on the shaft causes the cone to spread the wedges or

sleeve with greater force against the side of the hole

Applying a setting tor"ue with a calibrated wrench

is essential to the reliable performance of this type of anchor,

since doing so actually tests the installation

UNDERCUT ANCHORSR%u!r% +r%!#!on 'o(% 6 $ #+%!&( /!t1

6'%n /o(t !# t!,'t%n%d +ron,# %5t%nd "ro* /o(t to/%&r on %n(&r,%d #ur"&% o" 'o(%

EDGE ANCHORSToru% ontro((%d3 %5+&n#!on &n'or# r%u!r%

(%&n3 +ro+%r #!:%d 'o(%#1 T'%. n%%d to /% #%t 6!t'& toru% 6r%n' &nd '&)% r%du%d &+&!t. !n

r&%d onr%t%1

SLEEVE ANCHORSS!*!(&r to %d,% An'or# /ut t'r%&d%d rod !#

$ #*&((%r t'&n #+%!"!%d #!:%1

Str%n,t'# &r% (%## t'&n %d,% An'or#


21/40


E5+&n#!on Bo(t# 8ont!nu%d9

!he proper failure mode for this type of anchor is either

pullG through &where the conical part of the shaft pulls through

the sleeve or wedge' or pullGout of a concrete cone

!he diameter of concrete cone that can be pulled is

usually more than two times the depth of the embedment

of the anchor, however, this assumes unGcracked

concrete

Anchors of this type should not be used in badly

cracked concrete

2pansion anchors may be used to anchor raker shoresand in tieback systems, provided that the concrete into

which they are set is relatively crack free

E5+&n#!on S'!%(d#

Are displacement controlled anchors that epand bymeans of driving the steel shield over a cone using a hammerand special driving tool that fits to the shoulder of the shield

!hese fasteners are not capable of further epansionunder load and cannot be tor"ue wrench tightened andtested

!hey are vulnerable to oversi)ed holes and are notrecommended for critical search and rescue operations

2pansion shields are reliable if holes are cleaned andof proper si)e and could be successfully used for liftingout small sections of concrete &such as wall or floor accessopenings'

E+o5. An'or#

sually consist of threaded rods that are set incleaned, drilled holes that have been previously filled with aproperly mied epoy adhesive

!hese anchors induce no epansion forces in theconcrete, and therefore, can be installed at closer spacing

2poy anchors are not as sensitive to strengthreduction from cracked concrete, but re"uire time to developstrength

E


22/40


23/40


!he allowable tension value for a through bolt would bethe same as for an epansion bolt of the same si)e with

embedment the same as the thickness of the slab that thebolt pro(ects through

!hrough bolts re"uire access to both sides of theconcrete piece in "uestion, and, therefore may not havemuch application in lifting or holding concrete in debris piles

!hrough bolts are very useful when anchoring to $Mwalls, and could be very useful in tieback systems whereconcrete or $M walls are involved

ANCHOR APPLICATIONS

Anchor Spacing - 2dge istance

Minimum spacing between anchors 1 timesthe diameter of the anchor

Minimum distance to nearest concrete edge > timesthe diameter of the anchor

SPACING EDGE DISTANCE/ min edge distance 7 > dia

/ min spacing 7 1 dia

/ min depth 7 > dia

/ better depth 7 dia

ANCHOR FAILURE MODES- $

Minimum anchor depth in concrete > times the diameterof the anchor

Anchor depth should be increased to times the

#on#rete #onepll:ot

-/ $

i'e%l #one

diameter of the anchor, since at ultimate load a moregradual failure will occcur

Ene can increase tension values especially in lowerstrength concrete &000 6S*' by increasing embedment andspacing to as much as double the minium listed strengthvalues

.racks in concrete near epansion bolts or shields cansignificantly reduce their strength

.racks do not significantly reduce the strength of 2poyand !hrough Jolt anchors

&n#$or Pll:ot mo'e

?esir%ble mo'e9 nee' 7 'i%. 'ept$

STRENGTH REDUCERS

Cr%#As Too #lose to e'(e

Overl%p #ones : too #lose sp%#in(


24/40

MODULE 4 - LIFTING AND RIGGINGULTIMATE LOAD VS ORING LOAD

!he strength of these anchors has been determined bylaboratory testing under BidealC conditions, and is published

as the ltimate Strength*f only the BstrengthC is listed without the word BltimateCone should assume that the value given is the ltimateStrength and that the safe working load is about onefourth as much

!he Allowable Working Load &sometimes called

Safe Dorking 5oad or Dorking 5oad' should be listed as notgreater than one fourth the ultimate strength

!he values given for most anchors are based on theultimate crushing strength of the concrete into which they

are inserted

F+c73000 6S*' means that a >C diameter 1C highcylinder made from the concrete will crush at 3000psiwhen tested O days after it was castMost sound concrete can be assumed to have anultimate strength of 3000 6S*

!est it with a heavy blow from a framing hammer *tshould ring and not be noticeably damaged, as long as itsnot hit on a corner

INSTALLATION OF ANCHORS rilled holes should be the proper si)e and depth ull

bits produce oversi)ed holes which can lead to prematurepullG out

A metal detector should be used to locate eisting rebar,so that it can be avoided

:itting rebar with the bit will cause oversi)ed holes, and adull bit which will continue to produce oversi)ed holes

:oles need to be cleaned of all loose material &especially

for epoy anchors'

*ts best to use a brush plus compressed air to cleanholes *f a brush is not available, use a piece of smallrebar to dislodge material plus a can of compressed airwill usually clean a hole!he e"uipment cache should include some cans ofcompressed air if a compressor is not available

A 1C length of 38O inch copper pipe is useful toapply the air to the bottom of the hole

ltimatltimatee loaloadd vvss DorkinDorkingg loadload

&calle&calledddifferendifferentt thingthingssbyby

differendifferentt AnchoAnchorr Manufacturers'Manufacturers'

/ working load 7 allowable working load

/ working load 7 safe working load/ working load 7 184 ultimate load

INSTALLATION/ Ho(% #!:% )%r. !*+ort&nt/ U#% *%t&( d%t%tor to &)o!d r%/&r

/ N%%d to (%&n 'o(%#3 %#+%!&((. "or

%+o5.

/ Toru% &(( %5+&n#!on /o(t# = t%#t

/ E+o5. &n'or# r%u!r% #+%!&( &r%3

#%t t!*%3 &nd no )!/r&t!on

/ Conr%t% #r%6# r%u!r% dr!(( /!t

dr!)%r


25/40


INSTALLATION OF ANCHORS 8ont!nu%d9

2pansion bolts need to be tightened with acalibrated tor"ue wrench as previously discussed

!his tests and BpreloadsC the anchor, giving onereasonable confidence in the installationSee table on following page for Anchor strength andre"uired tor"ue values

2pansion shields should be inserted in clean holes ofproper si)e in order for enough friction to develop betweenthe epanded shield bottom and the hole si)e

!hese anchors are reliable if installed correctly, using themanufacturer?s setting tool!hey may only be tested by applying a tension loaddirectly to the anchor

2poy anchors should be inserted into previouslycleaned holes after the epoy has filled the hole about 384full

!he epoy should be placed using a coaial cartridgedispenser with a long tube that reaches to the bottom ofthe holeFill the hole from the bottom up, in order to minimi)e air

pockets*nsert the threaded rod with a twisting motion and workout all the bubbles!he fastest setting epoies re"uire at least one hour atQ0 degrees F &0

o.' to develop working load

!his time must be increased to 1 hours at 40 degrees F&@

o.'

Hormal setting epoy re"uires a minimum of 4 hours at>0

oF &1@

o.' and above

.oncrete screws need to be installed using themanufacturers provided drill bit and setting tool

:oles do not need to be cleaned, however the screwscan be driven into the holes only once, since the threadscut their way into the concrete

INSTALLATION/ Ho(% #!:% )%r. !*+ort&nt

/ U#% *%t&( d%t%tor to &)o!d r%/&r

/ N%%d to (%&n 'o(%#3 %#+%!&((. "or

%+o5./ Toru% &(( %5+&n#!on /o(t# = t%#t

/ E+o5. &n'or# r%u!r% #+%!&( &r%3

#%t t!*%3 &nd no )!/r&t!on

/ Conr%t% #r%6# r%u!r% dr!(( /!t

dr!)%r


26/40


ALLOABLE ORING LOADS "or EDGE ANCHORS


27/40


ALLOABLE ORING LOADS "or EPO


28/40


LIFTING DEVICES

Ct St%%( Ho!#t R!n,#

Are devices that can be bolted to concrete using,

preferably, an epansion bolt or through bolt Since the ring?s loop pivots 1O0 degrees and the ring?s

base swivels 3>0 degrees, the load will always be applieddirectly through the bolt into the concrete

!here is also no danger of the swiveling ring applying adeGtor"uing twist to the properly tightened, epansionanchor

!hese rings are available in si)es from @81>C to 3C !he18C si)e is suggested as a minimum si)e, and it has a @00lb allowable working load which is greater than the 000 lbof a

18C epansion anchor with >C embedment!he RC :oist $ings and 2pansion Anchors have beenincluded in the F2MA 1 S-$ .ache 5ist

For larger loads, it is recommended that the 384C si)ebe used*t has a @000 lb allowable working load A 384epansion bold with OC embedment has 4@00 allowableworking load

1C hoist rings are available that have 10,000 lballowable working load, but the 1C epansion bolt has onlyQ000 lb allowable working load and it re"uires the use of a

tor"ue wrench that will produce 400 ft lbs of tor"ue

St%%( An,(%#

May be fabricated to be used with epansion bolts and8or through bolts, however, if not si)ed properly will cause thefailure of the lifting system

!o be useful an angle must be of sufficient thicknessand length A minimum of two bolts must be used with asingle angle in order to assure that it will not spin and deGtor"ue the epansion bolt

!he angle must be long enough to allow for the 1diameter spacing of the epansion anchors

ue to the prying action of the vertical leg of theangle against the epansion anchor it takes two epansionbolts to produce the same allowable working load as onebolt when

LIFTING DEVICES

/ St%%( S6!)%( Ho!#t R!n,#

/ E.% Nut#

/ St%%( An,(%#

U!ed %hen a )e""er %a+ o($onne$"ing "o $on$re"e i! no"

availa)le ,Sling# !"ra# or %ire

roe $ho-er i! no"ra$"i$al.&

STEEL SIVEL HOIST RINGS

SteeSteell SwiveSwivell :ois:oistt $ings$ings

/ 6ivot 1O0 deg - swivel 3>0 deg

/ sually are proof load tested

/ se with wedge anchor

discard machine bolt

tor"ue re"uired for wedge anchor is greater

than tor"ue listed for :oist $ing but works

fine for better "uality :oist $ing

on?t buy :ois t $ings w8o !esting !hem

E7E NUTS/ Att&' o)%r nut o"

!n#t&((%d 6%d,% &n'or

/ Lo&d !n t%n#!on on(.

86!t'!n d%,19

/ U#% $3 $23 or $4

/ C&+&!t. d%t%r*!n%d /.

&n'or

/ T!,'t%n%d %.% to nut

/ $2 !n FEMA C&'%

STEEL ANGLES/ Mu#t /% %n,!n%%r%d

/ N%%d *!n!*u* o" t6o &n'or /o(t#

/ U#% on(. !" ot'%r *%t'od# not &)&!(&/(%

2000lb

T3o: 12< L-)-)12)0:7

used with the hoist ring

*t is strongly recommended that this type of angle beused only if a hoist ring is not available

3e'(e %n#$ors 1< $ole

+ tons with 100lb pull DO NOT E


35/40


RIGGING FITTINGS

$ing, hook, and shackle components of slings shouldbe made from forged alloy steel

Jasic

components

:ooks

E7E BOLTSE.% /o(t# *u#t '&)% #'ou(d%r# t!,'t

B%tt%r to u#% %.% nut# &nd t'rou,' /o(t

Shackles2yes

6rovide means of hauling &lifting' loads without directlytying to the load

.an be attached to wire or fiber rope, blocks, or chains

Lo%' vert. if possible

lo%' %t p to 4/ 'e(

onl, %s s$o3n

5est to se

=$%#Ale

No se

BooA

sed when loads too heavy for hooks to handle:ooks need latch or mouse closing8securing device

Mou#!n,

SHACLE T7PESU#%d "or #tr&!,'t +u((# 'o%r#

6rocess of closing the open section of a hook to keepslings 8 straps from slipping off the hook

=#re3 Pin

se t$ese

mostl,

on' Pin

$%r' to

pl%#e Ae,

=%fet, T,pe

Too slo3 E

'%n(er of

3ron( bolt

=#re3 Pin

C$%in T,p

.an mouse hooks using rope yarn, sei)ing wire orshackle

S'&(%#

.heck rating stamp and D5 rating

6ins not interchangeable with other shacklesScrew pin in all the way and back off T turn beforeloading

&lso is spe#i%l =#re3 Pin T,pe for =,nt$eti# =lin(s


36/40


OVERVIE OF CRANES USED FOR COLLAPSE RESCUE

6reGincident information

evelop and maintain listing of businesses with crane

resources including crane e"uipment, crane operatorsand crane rigging e"uipmentevelop telephone callGup list for crane resourceslisted

evelop an identification and vendor callGback system forverification of incident needs and pro(ected response timeto the incident scene and confirming on scene contactperson and their location

T7PES OF MOBILE CRANEScommonly utili)ed in rescue operations at collapsed structure

H7DRAULIC CRANES

Mounted on mobile chassis &some have AD - ADS':ave outriggers, which need to be set on firmbearings, and some have Bon rubberC lifting capacitiesSelfGcontained &ecept for 10 !ons and greater'$elatively fast to set up$ated by lifting capacity, in tons, at a distance of 10 ftfrom the center of the crane !he variable length boom makes them very useful in aS-$ incident

ROUGH TERRAIN 8RT9 CRANES

B6ick and carryC capabilities$ated for Bon rubberC or driving with loadsMore adapt to rough terrain, but still must be level to lift

CONVENTIONAL CRANE 8L&tt!% Boo* Cr&n%#9

Hormally re"uires more than one load to haul theboom components, counter weights, and rigging:as a longer set up time than the hydraulic

crane$ated by lifting capacity, in tons, at a distance of 10 ftfrom the center of the crane $e"uires considerably more set up area than thehydraulic crane

5ifting capacity of all cranes is reduced the farther awaythe center of the cranes is from the load

!hey are, essentially a very complicated 1st

class lever

CRANES USED FOR

COLLAPSE RESCUE/ Pr%-In!d%nt In"or*&t!on

L!#t o" r%#our%# &)&!(&/(% !n .our &r%&1

D%)%(o+ & t%(%+'on% &((-u+ (!#t

no6 +ro%t%d r%#+on#% t!*%#

H7DRAULIC CRANES/ On *o/!(% '#!#

#o*% AD AS

/ U#%# outr!,,%r#

/ S%("-ont&!n%d

/ Ft to #%t u+

/ R&t%d /. (!"t!n,

&+&!t. !n ton#

At 0 "t r&d!u#

/ V&r!&/(% (%n,t' /oo*

ROUGH TERRAIN CRANES

/ R%"%rr%d to RT or +!

nd &rr. r&n%

&)% @on ru//%r

&+&!t. r&t!n,

or% &d&+t to tr&)%(!n,

n un%)%n #ur"&%#

#t!(( n%%d to /% (%)%( to (!"t

CONVENTIONAL CRANES

8L&tt!% Boo*9

/ Co*+on%nt# u#u&((.

'&u(%d on #%)%r&( tru#

R!,,!n,

J!/

Count%r6%!,'t

Boo*

/ D%t%r*!n% /oo*(%n,t' &t !n!t!&( #%tu+

FOR ALL CRANES/ M&5!*u* (!"t!n, &+&!t. !#r%du%d

t'% "&rt'%r t'% r&n% !# "ro* t'% (o&d1

/ T'%. &r% & )%r. o*+(%5 #t (#

(%)%r

LG 5 BG L2 < 2

&

/ H

/ M

o


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RE?UESTING THE APPROPRIATE CRANE

6repare for crane re"uest by using standard S-$ forms0 "uestions and Form are on final pages of thismodule

Je sure to describe potential load weights andload materials so that the right si)e crane, the right rigginge"uipment, and the right personnel can be matched and sentto the incident

$each distance should be calculated from suitablecrane lifting location or locations

!his assessment should be completed by identifyingsuitable location&s' that would accommodate aerialladder operations- istance is measured from the center pin on crane

turntable to the center of gravity of the load

%enerally, the larger &either load capacity or reach' the ,the longer the response time and a larger area isre"uired for effective operation.onventional cranes may re"uire an area as large as 3@ft 00ft for boom assembly, ad(acent to lifting area

2nsure sufficient access to the area before crane+s arrival

RE?UESTING THE

APPROPRITE CRANE

/ E#t!*&t% t'% +ot%nt!&( (o&d

/ Pro)!d% &%## to t'% #%n%

/ T'% /!,,%r t'% r&n% t'% (on,%r

t'% r%#+on#% &nd #%t-u+ t!*%1

/ An#6%r 20 u%#t!on# &nd u#%

USR Cr&n% For*

BASIC RE?UIREMENTS

RELATED TO ON-SCENE

CRANE OPERATIONS/ A##!,n H%&). Eu!+*%nt R!,,!n, S+%

Q R%#u% +%r#on r&n% (!&!#on1

/ Pr%+&r% "or r&n% o+%r&t!on#1

P! /%#t (o&t!on

C(%&r d%/r!# "ro* #%t-u+ &r%&

/ Mu#t '&)% no6(%d,% o" '&nd #!,n&(#1

SUMMAR7

Access road condition and width

Everhead clearance &including power lines near site'$oom and conditions to maneuver around the site

$escue personnel must be assigned to facilitatecrane operations

/ Gr&)!t.

/ C%nt%r o" ,r&)!t.

/ Fr!t!on

/ Eu!(!/r!u*

/ Mo*%nt o" "or%

/ M%'&n!#3

%n%r,.3 &nd 6or

/ M%'&n!&(

&d)&nt&,%#

/ L%)%r# &nd

!n(!n%d +(&n%#

/ Pu((%.#

/ A!r /&,#

/ C&(u(&t!n,

6%!,'t#

/ An'or #.#t%*#

/ An'or "&!(ur%

/ An'or #+&!n,

.ommunicate with the crane operatorAssist the crane operator and riggers

SUMMAR7

$escuers should prepare for crane operations

Anticipate the best location for crane operation - setup*nitiate clearing activities prior to the arrival of the crane*s surface sloped or levelL*s surface hard or softLEbstacles and ha)ards- Juildings- Dalls- Dires

/ S6!)%( 'o!#t#

/ St%%( &n,(%#

/ Conr%t% #r%6#

/ !r% ro+%

/ !r% ro+% "!tt!n,#

&nd t%r*!n&t!on#

/ !r% ro+%

t!,'t%n%r#

/ S(!n, t.+%#

/ S(!n,

&rr&n,%*%nt#

/ Cr!t!&( &n,(%#

/ C'&!n#

/ T.+%# o" r&n%#

/ Con#!d%r&t!on# "or

r&n% u#%

/ Cr&n% '&nd

#!,n&(#


38/40


20 ?UESTIONS to ANSER HEN ORDERING A CRANEDhen you contact a rental source of heavy lift e"uipment, they will start

asking "uestions to permit them to give you what you need *f you can have

answers to their "uestions ready beforehand, you will speed the process

considerably *f you have answers to the following "uestions, you will bewell prepared for the rental agent+s "uestions

1. Who are you and what are you doing?

2. How quickly do you want a machine?

3. What do you intend for this machine to do?

Pick and swing

Pick and carry

Lift large obects at small distance

Lift small obects at large distance

!. Will multi"le machines be needed? #$econd machine to set u" "rimary

machine%.&. What are the ca"abilities of the onsite crew? #'re they qualified to

assist with set u"?%

(. )f this machine is for a single task* what is the load weight and what is

the load radius?

+. )f this is for multi"le tasks* what are se,eral combinations of load and

distance? -a load / min distance*

ma distance / min load* "ossible mid load/mid distance?

0. Will this task require "ick and carry ca"ability?

. What are the limits of room a,ailable for o"eration of the machine?

,erhead clearance* tail swing clearance* underground obstructions?

1. )s there a "lace to assemble boom #if lattice% and crane #counterweights%?)ncluding room for assisting crane?

11. 're there limitations on deli,ery of crane or "arts?

Posted bridges* low clearances* underground utilities?

12. What areas of o"eration are antici"ated?

,er rear* ,er side* ,er front* n rubber?

13. 're two crane #simultaneous% "icks antici"ated?

1!. Will work be "erformed on a continuous #2! hr% basis? )s auiliary lighting

a,ailable?

1&. Will radio communication be required to control load? 're dedicated

radios a,ailable?1(. How much boom is required? 're s"ecial boom features #offset* o"en4

throat% needed?

1+. What si5e hook block is needed? 're shackles to fit hook a,ailable?

10. Will ib be needed? 6ib length? ffset? Load?

1. 're additional rigging com"onents needed?

Load cell* lift beams* slings* shackles?

2. Who is the contact "erson and who is the "erson directing the rigging

o"erations?


39/40


BASIC CRANE HAND SIGNALS

$escue personnel must have a basic knowledge of hand signals

normally used to communicate with the crane operator


40/40

F2MA ,$JAH S2A$.: AH4 $2S.,2 !ASN FE$.2 .$AH2 ,SA%2 DE$NS:22!

0

6ercentage Of .apacity1 &!otal 5oad U $ated .apacity' Ever1 $ear I Side I Front I

:a)ards1 o2lectricalEFire E,nderground EEther Are .rane Mats or Jlocking $e"uired1

Situation Hame1

$igging !ask1

Deather .onditions1

5oad 4escription1

4ate of 5ift1 !ime of 5ift1

!ask Force Hame1 6age of

!ask Force 5eader1

.rane Eperator1

.rane Manufacturer15oad Deight .rane Model1

Jlock Deight .rane Serial Humber1

$igging Deight1

Spreader Deight1

SetGup on1 0 .rawlers oEutriggers o!ireso23tended o$etracted oEther

ib Deight1 Joom 5ength1

ib Jall Deight1 ib 5ength1

:oist 5ine Deight1 ib 6osition1 0 Stowed oSet oEffset At

!otal Deight1 .ounterweights *nstalled1

5ift Dill Je En1 oEn Main Jlock EEn ib Front Eutrigger *nstalled1

Ma3imum *ntended Dorking $adius Ever $ear1 Joom Angle1 $ated .apacity1

Ma3imum *ntended Dorking $adius Ever Side1 Joom Angle1 $ated .apacity1

Ma3imum *ntended Dorking $adius Ever Front1 Joom Angle1 $ated .apa.ity1

Lifting & Rigging Module.docx

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Transcript of Lifting & Rigging Module.docx