Lifestyles in Malta 2007 A Survey Study Judith Rocchiccioloi, PhD., RN Karen Jagiello, RN, MSN James...

Lifestyles in Lifestyles in Malta Malta

20072007A Survey StudyA Survey StudyJudith Rocchiccioloi, PhD., Judith Rocchiccioloi, PhD.,

RNRN

Karen Jagiello, RN, MSNKaren Jagiello, RN, MSN

James Madison UnivesityJames Madison Univesity

CISAT/HHSCISAT/HHS

Health and Human ServicesHealth and Human Services NursingNursing Physician AssistantsPhysician Assistants Communication Science DisordersCommunication Science Disorders Occupational TherapyOccupational Therapy Health SciencesHealth Sciences Pre-Medical SciencePre-Medical Science

Lifestyles Survey 2007Lifestyles Survey 2007

Instrumentation: Lifestyles Instrumentation: Lifestyles Questionnaire adapted and revised Questionnaire adapted and revised from the CDC Lifestyles Health from the CDC Lifestyles Health Promotion Website (Promotion Website (www.cdc.us.govwww.cdc.us.gov) and further adapted from Lifestyles ) and further adapted from Lifestyles Survey 2006Survey 2006

Content Validity: Panel of 2 NursesContent Validity: Panel of 2 Nurses

LifeStyles Survey 2007LifeStyles Survey 2007

Content AreasContent Areas Health Care Access (6 items)Health Care Access (6 items) Exercise (4 items)Exercise (4 items) Nutrition (5 items)Nutrition (5 items) Diabetes (6 items)Diabetes (6 items) Tobacco Use (2 items)Tobacco Use (2 items) Alcohol Consumption (4 items)Alcohol Consumption (4 items) Lifestyle Awareness (12 items)Lifestyle Awareness (12 items)

Hypertension, CholesterolHypertension, Cholesterol

SamplingSampling

Convenience Convenience Sample (n=471)Sample (n=471)

Surveys gathered Surveys gathered from May 15from May 15thth to to June 1June 1stst 2007 2007

AgeAge 18y-29y 75.4%18y-29y 75.4%

CitizenshipCitizenship Maltese 60.7%Maltese 60.7%

USA 4%USA 4%

Other 28.7%Other 28.7%

GenderGender 46.5% female46.5% female

42.5% male42.5% male

MethodologyMethodology Data was gathered by student Data was gathered by student

researchers at locations all over the researchers at locations all over the island to include the Institute for Health, island to include the Institute for Health, University of Malta, beaches, café’s, University of Malta, beaches, café’s, restaurants, on buses, at bus stops and restaurants, on buses, at bus stops and tourist areastourist areas

Students approached potential sample, Students approached potential sample, explained the study purpose, guaranteed explained the study purpose, guaranteed confidentiality and asked for confidentiality and asked for cooperation.cooperation.

MethodologyMethodology

Informed Consent was explained and Informed Consent was explained and participants were told that their participants were told that their decision to participate implied informed decision to participate implied informed consent.consent.

Sample participants were given pencils Sample participants were given pencils and the survey and were asked to and the survey and were asked to complete the survey. Student complete the survey. Student researchers stayed with participants researchers stayed with participants and answered questions and provided and answered questions and provided clarification .clarification .

Data AnalysisData Analysis

SPSS for the Social SciencesSPSS for the Social Sciences

Descriptive statistics, frequencies Descriptive statistics, frequencies and correlationsand correlations

Findings and Findings and ResultsResults

2007 Results2007 Results

Health Care AccessHealth Care Access

56.1% of respondents reported 56.1% of respondents reported having government health insurancehaving government health insurance

38.6% reported not having 38.6% reported not having government health insurancegovernment health insurance

39.7% reported having private 39.7% reported having private health insurancehealth insurance

55% reported not having private 55% reported not having private health insurancehealth insurance


27.6% of survey respondents 27.6% of survey respondents answered they had only one answered they had only one personal health care providerpersonal health care provider

48.2% of survey respondents replied 48.2% of survey respondents replied they had more than onethey had more than one


When you are sick or need advice When you are sick or need advice about your health, to which one of about your health, to which one of the following places do you usually the following places do you usually gogo? ?

A doctor’s office 67.5%A doctor’s office 67.5% A public health clinic or community A public health clinic or community

health center 15.7%health center 15.7% A hospital outpatient department 2.3%A hospital outpatient department 2.3% A hospital emergency room 4.5%A hospital emergency room 4.5% Some other kind of place 9.6%Some other kind of place 9.6%


Was there a time in the past 12 Was there a time in the past 12 months when you needed medical months when you needed medical care, but could not get it?care, but could not get it?

35.5% indicated at least some 35.5% indicated at least some problem accessing healthcare problem accessing healthcare during the past yearduring the past year

64.5% reported that they had no 64.5% reported that they had no problems getting health care at problems getting health care at least once during the past yearleast once during the past year


Of the 35.5% (n=167) of survey respondents Of the 35.5% (n=167) of survey respondents answering that they had problems accessing answering that they had problems accessing health carehealth care

12% cited cost12% cited cost 35.9% cited too long of a wait in the waiting 35.9% cited too long of a wait in the waiting

roomroom 19% reported the office wasn’t open when 19% reported the office wasn’t open when

person could get thereperson could get there 44.3% reported too long of a wait for an 44.3% reported too long of a wait for an

appointmentappointment 16.8% cited transportation problems16.8% cited transportation problems

Tobacco UseTobacco Use

On average, how many cigarettes On average, how many cigarettes do you smoke per day?do you smoke per day?

None 59.4%None 59.4% Less than one pack 25.1%Less than one pack 25.1% One to two packs 3.6%One to two packs 3.6%

Tobacco UseTobacco Use

During the past 12 months, have During the past 12 months, have you stopped smoking for one day or you stopped smoking for one day or longer because you were trying to longer because you were trying to quit smoking?quit smoking?

1-3 times 16.61-3 times 16.6%% 4-5 times 3.64-5 times 3.6%% Over six times 3.6Over six times 3.6%% None 35.5% None 35.5%

Alcohol UseAlcohol Use

A drink of alcohol is 1 can or bottle A drink of alcohol is 1 can or bottle of beer, 1 glass of wine, 1 cocktail, of beer, 1 glass of wine, 1 cocktail, or 1 shot of liquor. The percentage or 1 shot of liquor. The percentage of respondents who reported of respondents who reported having at least one drink per day having at least one drink per day during the previous week was during the previous week was 8080%%


27.8%27.8% of respondents reporting of respondents reporting having 1 to 2 drinks per day on days having 1 to 2 drinks per day on days when they drank when they drank

30.4%30.4% of respondents reporting of respondents reporting having 3 to 4 drinks per day on days having 3 to 4 drinks per day on days when they drank when they drank

25.9%25.9% of respondents reporting of respondents reporting having 5 or more drinks per day on having 5 or more drinks per day on days when they drankdays when they drank


Considering all types of alcoholic Considering all types of alcoholic beverages, how many times during beverages, how many times during the past seven days did you have five the past seven days did you have five or more drinks on one occasion?or more drinks on one occasion?

40.8% reported 0 times40.8% reported 0 times 18.5% reported 1 times18.5% reported 1 times 11.5% reported 2 times11.5% reported 2 times 4.5% reported 3 times4.5% reported 3 times


9.7%9.7% of respondents reported of respondents reported driving at least once in the past driving at least once in the past thirty days after they had had too thirty days after they had had too much to drink.much to drink.

10%10% of respondents reported not of respondents reported not knowing whether they had driven at knowing whether they had driven at least once in the past thirty days least once in the past thirty days after they had had too much to drinkafter they had had too much to drink

ExerciseExercise

32.5% of respondents stated that 32.5% of respondents stated that they believed exercise was very they believed exercise was very important.important.

40.1% of respondents stated that 40.1% of respondents stated that they believed exercise was they believed exercise was important.important.

26.7 of respondents stated that they 26.7 of respondents stated that they believed exercise was unimportant believed exercise was unimportant or neutral or neutral

ExerciseExercise

24.6% of respondents have been told 24.6% of respondents have been told by their doctors to exercise moreby their doctors to exercise more

39.9% of respondents reported not 39.9% of respondents reported not participating in aerobic exerciseparticipating in aerobic exercise

40.3% of respondents reported 40.3% of respondents reported participating in aerobic exercise 3 to participating in aerobic exercise 3 to 4 times per week.4 times per week.

Body WeightBody Weight

47.1% of respondents report not 47.1% of respondents report not being overweightbeing overweight

29.3% of respondents report being 29.3% of respondents report being less than 5 kg overweight.less than 5 kg overweight.

19.4% of respondents report being 6 19.4% of respondents report being 6 to 12 kg overweightto 12 kg overweight

2.8% of respondents report being 2.8% of respondents report being more than 13 kg overweightmore than 13 kg overweight

DiabetesDiabetes

Have you ever been told by a Have you ever been told by a doctor that you have diabetes?doctor that you have diabetes?

Yes 1.5%Yes 1.5% No 78.2%No 78.2% Don’t know 4.5%Don’t know 4.5%

DiabetesDiabetes

51.4% of respondents reported needing at 51.4% of respondents reported needing at least some help in understanding diet least some help in understanding diet restrictions.restrictions.

48.8% of respondents reported needing at 48.8% of respondents reported needing at least some help in understanding exercise least some help in understanding exercise needs as related to diabetes.needs as related to diabetes.

51.2%of respondents reported needing at 51.2%of respondents reported needing at least some help in understanding diabetes least some help in understanding diabetes complications.complications.

51.6%of respondents reported needing at 51.6%of respondents reported needing at least some help in understanding insulin.least some help in understanding insulin.

DiabetesDiabetes

Does your health system offer the Does your health system offer the supplies you need to monitor and supplies you need to monitor and take care of diabetic needs take care of diabetic needs (syringes for insulin, medication, (syringes for insulin, medication, glucometer machine and strips to glucometer machine and strips to check blood sugar)check blood sugar)

Yes 58.6%Yes 58.6% No 20.8%No 20.8%

Hypertension AwarenessHypertension Awareness

Have you ever been told by a Have you ever been told by a doctor nurse or other health care doctor nurse or other health care professional that you have high professional that you have high blood pressure?blood pressure?

Yes 4.9%Yes 4.9% No 74.5%No 74.5% Don’t know 3.6%Don’t know 3.6%


Are you currently taking medicine Are you currently taking medicine for high blood pressure?for high blood pressure?

Yes 1.5%Yes 1.5% No 81.3%No 81.3%


Did you know that high blood Did you know that high blood pressure can cause the following? pressure can cause the following?

Stroke Yes 69.9% No 13.6%Stroke Yes 69.9% No 13.6% Heart Attack Yes 73.3% No 10%Heart Attack Yes 73.3% No 10% Kidney Failure Yes 49% No 34.4%Kidney Failure Yes 49% No 34.4% Headaches Yes 60.3% No 23.1%Headaches Yes 60.3% No 23.1%

Lifestyle AwarenessLifestyle Awareness Did you know that poor nutrition can cause high Did you know that poor nutrition can cause high

blood pressure?blood pressure? Yes 52.9% No 30.6%Yes 52.9% No 30.6%

Did you know that smoking and being overweight Did you know that smoking and being overweight can cause high blood pressurecan cause high blood pressure Yes 69.9% No 13.8%Yes 69.9% No 13.8%

Did you know that excess alcohol intake can Did you know that excess alcohol intake can cause high blood pressure and strokecause high blood pressure and stroke Yes 62% No 21.2%Yes 62% No 21.2%

ConclusionsConclusions

Study LimitationsStudy Limitations

Self-report survey. Self-report survey. Language and cultural differencesLanguage and cultural differences No pilot test on revised surveyNo pilot test on revised survey

Implications Implications

EducationEducation Clinical practiceClinical practice Future researchFuture research

Lifestyles in Malta 2007 A Survey Study Judith Rocchiccioloi, PhD., RN Karen Jagiello, RN, MSN James...

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