Lifestyle Diseases& ManagementDr. Pallab Kanti Nath

MD (Anaesthesiology)

Lifestyle Diseases& Management

Dr. Pallab Kanti NathMD (Anaesthesiology)

What is a Lifestyle Disease ???health problems that

react to changes in lifestyle

diseases that are caused partly by unhealthy behaviors and partly by other factors

All lifestyle diseases have one common property:

They make breathing heavier and body O2 lowCell hypoxia is the driving force of lifestyle diseases

What Causes Lifestyle Diseases?• Certain habits, behaviors, and practices

such as poor eating habits, inactivity, smoking

Controllable factors

• Factors that we cannot control such as age, gender, and heredity

Uncontrollable Factors

Controllable Risk Factors• Diet and body

weight• Daily levels of

physical activity

smoking, eating habits, exercise, amount of sleep you get.. smoking, eating habits, exercise, amount of sleep you get.. Your level of sun exposureSmoking and alcohol abuse

•Amount of sun exposure

• Smoking and alcohol abuse

Uncontrollable factors• Age

• Race

• Gender

• Heredity

Improper life style:Over eating Excessive consumption of fats Smoking Drinking Chewing tobacco Sedentary life style Lack of exercise

Types of Lifestyle Diseases

• Cardiovascular diseases• Stroke• Diabetes• Cancer• Chronic obstructive Pulmonary disease• Depression• Musculoskeletal disorder

Cardiovascular Diseases

Cholesterol

High Cholesterol

Type - A Mental Stress

Alcohol Smoking

Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis

14Dr.S.Siva, Aden refinery Hospital, Little Aden, Yemen

Have the victim sit down and rest, and attempt to keep calm. Loosen any tight clothing.

If the victim has a known heart condition, ask if he takes a chest pain medication.

Assist the victim in taking the medication (usually nitroglycerin, which is placed under the tongue).

If the pain does not subside promptly with rest or within 3 minutes of taking nitroglycerin, call for emergency medical assistance.

What should be done?

What Is Blood Pressure?When your heart pumps, it forces blood through your vessels. This force is called blood pressure.

Brain Stem-Function

Cerebellum - Function

Stroke

T.I.A

CVA

Prevention Of Cardiovascular Diseases, Stroke and CVA

• Trim your fat intake, eat healthy• Cut down on salt• Keep your weight healthy• Don’t smoke• Don’t take alcohol• Do exercise• Monitor your blood pressure and

cholesterol• Relax & cut down on stress• If you are hypertensive then don’t skip

your Anti-hypertensive drugs

Diabetes

DIABETES

A disorder in which cells are unable to obtain glucose from the blood such that high blood-glucose levels result.

Types of DiabetesType 1 diabetes or Juvenile Diabetes Type 2 diabetes or Maturity onset Diabetes(Most common)

Types of Diabetes

High risk category

45 yrs & above overweight close family member with diabetes diabetes during pregnancy had a baby that weighed > 9lbs (4kg)

Prevention of Diabetes

Maintaining a healthy weight

Avoiding smoking Reduction of Stress Avoiding Sedentary life Avoid Junk foods Exercise- reduces

insulin resistance

Cancer

CancerUncontrollable growth of abnormal cells

Risk factors for CancerTobacco use/ SmokingSexually Transmitted DiseasesDietary FactorsRadiationAsbestos

CAUTIONC – Change in bowel habitsA – A sore that does not healU – Unusual bleeding or dischargeT – Thickening or a lump I – Indigestion or difficulty swallowingO – Obvious change in a wart or moleN – Nagging cough or hoarseness

Prevention of cancerDon’t’ smoke!Wear sunscreen; stay

away from tanning bedsEat your veggies and cut

the fatEat moderate proteinStay activeGet regular medical

check-ups

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease• Symptoms - shortness of breath, cough and sputum

production

Tobacco smoking - most common cause of COPDother factors - air pollution, genetics

• Prolonged exposure to dusts, chemicals and fumes increase the risk of COPD in both smokers and nonsmokers

• Malnutrition & Low Birth weight is also a reason for Respiratory disease . Being either underweight or overweight can affect the symptoms

Prevention of COPD• Quit Smoking• Have Healthy Diet• Take nutrition supplements if

malnourished • Do Breathing exercise• Avoid exposure to fumes &

dust .• Improve both indoor &

outdoor air quality

Depression

Depression• state of low mood and aversion to activity

affects thoughts, behavior, feelings and sense of well-being

• Life events and life style that may precipitate depressed mood

– Childbirth– menopause – financial difficulties– job problems, Disease– loss of a loved one– relationship troubles…

Prevention of Depression• Healthy Eating

cut out junk food

• Avoid foods high in refined sugar and saturated fats

• Complex carbohydrates help to stimulate the feel good neurotransmitter serotonin

Continue……..• Exercise

increases production of natural antidepressants.

reduces stress, improves mood, boosts self-esteem, and provides restful sleep

• Weight lossimproves your self-esteem and overall

health

Continue……• Meditation

practice of engaging in a mental exercise—such as deep breathing or repetition of a phrase (mantra)

Meditation can help relieve anxiety

• SleepHaving a calming bedtime routine that

helps you wind down and feel fresh the next morning

Continue……..• Relationship

Spending time with positive, supportive, and loving people can help you through your darkest times

• Avoid Sedentary life - leads to depression stay active , do your hobbies, read books,

take active part in social activity

Walk...

Musculoskeletal Disease

Musculoskeletal DiseaseHealthy diet with physical activity

builds strong & healthy bonesExercise strengthens the bones ,

ligaments & muscle surrounding joints

Maintaining Healthy Lifestyle• Diet- healthy eating patterns Consume fewer Calories and be physically active.

• Exercise- At least 150 min per week of moderate-intensity,– 2 or more days per week of muscle-strengthening activities.

• Relaxation- Work/school/personal life balance, Relaxation response for 20 min, 1-2x/day

• Addiction Management- Smoking, alcohol, drugs

Minimum recommendation for physical Activity by WHO• Children & young people - moderate intensity

activity for at least 60 mints per day• Adults - at least 30 mints of exercise most if

not all days. Should include flexibility, muscle strength & endurance exercise twice a week

• 60 to 90 mints to improve when already in poor health or to lose weight

• Moderate exercise is Brisk walking, swimming, cycling, gardening with moderate effort