LiFePO 4 Nanoparticle Formation
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THE SYNTHESIS AND PATTERNING OF LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE ELECTRODES FOR A NEW TYPE OF LITHIUM ION BATTERY Anna Putnam, Yong Li, Wei Yen Chih-hung (Alex) Chang School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering Sponsored by ONAMI and the Army Research Center Special thanks to Hewlett Packard LiFePO 4 Nanoparticle Formation How a Battery Works The following diagrams illustrate the structure of lithium ion batteries and how they charge and discharge. •Low Cost •Non-toxicity •High abundance of iron •Excellent thermal stability •Non-explosive properties •Can be used in cars •Better electrochemical performance •Has a high specific energy capacity LiCl + H 3 PO 4 + FeCl 2 LiFePO 4 +3HCl (In ethanol) Drop on Demand (ink-jet printing technology) pico-liter chemical delivery systems provide an ideal manufacturing platform for large scale fabrication of devices. Delivery of individual drops by DoD in multiple layers and over large areas makes possible the fabrication of devices with material architectures ranging from the •Donated by Hewlett Packard •Works similarly to a micro- pipette •Hand held or mountable •Ability to program drop quantity, number of nozzles, drop energy, etc. •On-board control with USB interface •Will work like a printer when coupled with an X-Y stage •Will allow larger particles to pass through it preventing clogging Zig-zag pattern that occurs while printing with this program H 3 PO 4 + FeCl 2 HFePO 4 + 2HCl (in ethanol) HFePO 4 + LiOH LiFePO 4 + H 2 O (in water) A Photon Correlation System was used to show that LiFePO 4 forms nanoparticles over time when synthesized according to the above reaction in ethanol. This is a problem because nanoparticles clog printer nozzles. “Dipping” Method of Synthesizing LiFePO 4 A method of resolving the nanoparticle formation issue was developed by first patterning a precursor product, hydrogen iron phosphate, and then dipping it into another reactant in order to form lithium iron phosphate. Project Goal is to Develop New Printing System Transition from Pipette to Printer Why LiFePO 4 instead of Lithium Cobalt? Drop on Demand Technology Simultaneously using a program developed at HP for the TIPS with a program created by a graduate student in Dr. Chang’s lab for the X-Y stage, the TIPS can be made to work like a printer instead of a pipette system. Accomplishments Measuring Thickness of Printed Squares http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/lithium-ion-battery.htm http:// http://www.a123systems.com/ Average Diameter= 1060 nm Size (nm) [log] • Model made in Solid Works based on all graduate student needs • Platform constructed by purchasing used optical breadboard and getting all other parts machined • Demonstrated negative effects of nanoparticle formation • Selected formation procedure •Explored TIPS operating space specific to formulation •Related heating pad set point with actual substrate temperature •Measured thickness of printed films as a function of vertical printing speed Acknowledgments: Phil Harding, Manfred Dittrich, Andy Brickman, Changqing Pan, Craig Olbrich,Bill Buckley y = 0.62x + 11.27 R 2 = 0.99 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 40 50 60 70 80 90 C ontroller setting tem perature (˚C ) Substrate surface tem perature (˚C) Squares were printed on silicon at varying vertical speeds. A profilometer was used to measure the thickness of the squares. The above graph shows how thickness increases with decreasing vertical speed. Construction of Printing System First a design was made in Solid Works, then an apparatus was constructed to hold the TIPS over the X-Y stage and be moveable with a sliding mechanism. A heating pad was added, and a study was done to relate heating pad set point with actual substrate temperature.
description
The Synthesis and Patterning of Lithium Iron Phosphate Electrodes for a New Type of Lithium Ion Battery Anna Putnam, Yong Li, Wei Yen Chih -hung (Alex) Chang School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering Sponsored by ONAMI and the Army Research Center - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of LiFePO 4 Nanoparticle Formation
THE SYNTHESIS AND PATTERNING OF LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE ELECTRODES FOR A NEW TYPE OF LITHIUM ION BATTERY
Anna Putnam, Yong Li, Wei YenChih-hung (Alex) ChangSchool of Chemical, Biological and Environmental EngineeringSponsored by ONAMI and the Army Research Center Special thanks to Hewlett Packard
LiFePO4 Nanoparticle Formation
How a Battery Works
The following diagrams illustrate the structure of lithium ion batteries and how they charge and discharge.
•Low Cost•Non-toxicity•High abundance of iron•Excellent thermal stability•Non-explosive properties •Can be used in cars•Better electrochemical performance•Has a high specific energy capacity
LiCl + H3PO4 + FeCl2 LiFePO4 +3HCl (In ethanol)
Drop on Demand (ink-jet printing technology) pico-liter chemical delivery systems provide an ideal manufacturing platform for large scale fabrication of devices.
Delivery of individual drops by DoD in multiple layers and over large areas makes possible the fabrication of devices with material architectures ranging from the nanometer to meter scales.
• Donated by Hewlett Packard• Works similarly to a micro-pipette• Hand held or mountable• Ability to program drop quantity, number of
nozzles, drop energy, etc.• On-board control with USB interface• Will work like a printer when coupled with an
X-Y stage• Will allow larger particles to pass through it
preventing clogging• Tips are easily replaceable unlike the Dimatix
system
Zig-zag pattern that occurs while printing with this program
H3PO4 + FeCl2 HFePO4 + 2HCl (in ethanol) HFePO4 + LiOH LiFePO4 + H2O (in water)
A Photon Correlation System was used to show that LiFePO4 forms nanoparticles over time when synthesized according to the above reaction in ethanol. This is a problem because nanoparticles clog printer nozzles.
“Dipping” Method of Synthesizing LiFePO4
A method of resolving the nanoparticle formation issue was developed by first patterning a precursor product, hydrogen iron phosphate, and then dipping it into another reactant in order to form lithium iron phosphate.
Project Goal is to Develop New Printing System
Transition from Pipette to Printer
Why LiFePO4 instead of Lithium Cobalt?
Drop on Demand Technology
Simultaneously using a program developed at HP for the TIPS with a program created by a graduate student in Dr. Chang’s lab for the X-Y stage, the TIPS can be made to work like a printer instead of a pipette system.
Accomplishments
Measuring Thickness of Printed Squares
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/lithium-ion-battery.htm
http:// http://www.a123systems.com/
Average Diameter= 1060 nm
Size (nm) [log]
• Model made in Solid Works based on all graduate student needs• Platform constructed by purchasing used optical breadboard and getting all other parts machined
• Demonstrated negative effects of nanoparticle formation• Selected formation procedure•Explored TIPS operating space specific to formulation•Related heating pad set point with actual substrate temperature•Measured thickness of printed films as a function of vertical printing speed
Acknowledgments: Phil Harding, Manfred Dittrich, Andy Brickman, Changqing Pan, Craig Olbrich,Bill Buckley
y = 0.62x + 11.27R2 = 0.99
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35
40
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60
65
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40 50 60 70 80 90
Controller setting temperature (˚C)
Subs
trat
e su
rface
tem
pera
ture
(̊C
)
Squares were printed on silicon at varying vertical speeds. A profilometer was used to measure the thickness of the squares. The above graph shows how thickness increases with decreasing vertical speed.
Construction of Printing System
First a design was made in Solid Works, then an apparatus was constructed to hold the TIPS over the X-Y stage and be moveable with a sliding mechanism. A heating pad was added, and a study was done to relate heating pad set point with actual substrate temperature.
