LIFEHISTORY STUDIES OF POA PRATENSIS L.
66
LIFE HISTORY STUDIES OF POA PRATENSIS L. BY ROBERT BURNS MUSGRAVE B.S., University of Illinois, 1936 M.S., University of Illinois, 1938 THE SIS !~ £ ': SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQQJREMENTS _F;OR THE DEGREE . OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN AGRONOMY IN tHE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, 1940 URBANA., ILLINOIS
Transcript of LIFEHISTORY STUDIES OF POA PRATENSIS L.
LIFE HISTORY STUDIES OF POA PRATENSIS L.
BY
ROBERT BURNS MUSGRAVEB.S., University of Illinois, 1936M.S., University of Illinois, 1938
THE SIS !~£ ':SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQQJREMENTS _F;OR THE DEGREE
. OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN AGRONOMY IN tHEGRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY
OF ILLINOIS, 1940
URBANA., ILLINOIS
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARYRegulations for the Use of Manuscript Theses
This thesis, from the collection in the University of IllinoisLibrary, is available for research use under the terms of the Inter-library Loan Code of 1952. The borrowing library is responsible for thisthesis and may make such arrangements for its use as are consistentwith its safety and proper use.
Use of information contained in this thesis mu~t be acknowledgedin published work and permission of the author must be obtained foroopying or reproducing any part thereot.
This thesis is loaned for a period of two weeks and only underunusual circumstances will permission be granted for an extension otthe loan period.
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
THE GRADUATE SCHOOL
January 9 t 1940
I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY
SUPERVISION BY ~R~o~b~er_t~Bu~r.n~s_M_u~s~g~r~~_~__e _
ENTITLED ~--L-i~f-e-H-i~st-o-ry~-s~t--u-d-i-e-s-o--f~P_o_a~E~r_a_t_e_n_s_i_s__L_. _
BE ACCEPTED* AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR
Recommendation concurred in]
Committee
on
Final Examination+
*Subject to successful final examination in the case of the doctorate.tRequired for doctor's degree but not for master's.
1000-5-39-16602-S
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th t 1rnP'1 'r.1~'ft'
• nd it 18 1
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n
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g~ •
1
•'b or
uglq'
toero 1 n
• v t
r 0 1 1 v lou.
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b 4 tl its It e in th$ vele'at1.veotber bar - t I 10 of ttmlq' 'b1 e as So 'he
tlon f viabl 'eed. ~1. 18 tr
(lmpt t~ to e 11 911 !1.
son when mol w
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bJ:ta hou.t
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t ,
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e
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.ee4 1n 1936 and 1931 'froro the a'bove-mentt.oned forty t,ypes. ancjla 1'10't of ,1"•••
at,riied £::r()tn com:met"ol!!l OElt~ ln the tall of 1937_
for the purpose O'f 'b'-& ltlyoettgntloD. the I1te c:;cl • .of KentllClQ'
ll1nept1e;$ rill be t'ough1r divided tftto f'1ve 'bros,a, and. integraUng $\aPI:
g$~tl '. len'. \ll1er, S'blzollSe end. Inflorescence 4.evelQpntent. 11\e toUo",,"
lllt desc,iption' trmt tile"e developmental stage. in the order euU()ned.
'lbe fU., lnd1catloJl of germ! tion in lCentucq bl~egraas 11 swell-
ing of the col orb1zA ( re 1). Joen dillS to lfishltl1l.U'8 (17) thl. take.
plaOe about sixty hour. atter placlng tbe eeed in the getmlnator (average of
300 teeda). ,,",welling f the ooleorh1=a ~ pierce the leoma or epr_d the
pnlea nd 1 (fi re is), e radicle and plwnul then rO'. 0'U between
tb••
.t.& 800n at he colet)l'htze app at ira develop upon it. Uhlmu.ra
(11' et tel thst more 0 leor 1. a hairs eve10p "b n blll. •• see a are or•.
mlnated in water than wheng inated in 11'. On the other hand, 1t w • found
in thla Btuq- til t wt th a b1 \tar aa a eu.bstr tum. th degre to wille
coleol'ht:t hair. dnelop v 1~8 inv 1'13411 wit the amount ot "t in th 8r-
minating ~b.tr& • • .e~ of blu r 1n ting on a relatlve~ dr,y.at.
Watum 111 de".lcm roo ir8 80 DUm oue en Btl' ng' t 1n tttle t
8elTee to the eubBtra WI\ they 1,. the ased to an erect poeition. the 001eo-
.hiza e1ng firmly ancho to the fi1Ubatre.tum.
llo.lug oleoI' 1 a eTel ~e 01 ptile 19 .x~~d &llghtlyend then the r1 r,. 1'00\ 18 U 117 the i:rat to break through it. pro'eoUv.
abe.th. t 8 e leorhlla ( gw:e 1). tt 1. not unconrnon t ttnd the ooleoptl1
tDll4h extended and to 0baerve firet 1 t PI' jecting b yond th col op 11.
• •
•
5.leniu'lon of all 0 ttt labl e • tandard period for th g lna'ion
d a lTet I en~ 19ht4.". w1.
hour. t 000 o.f rentuclq' blu. a& i. accept d by
an a1 erDa tit'l! t
III $O.' 0 4 ,I. compl tea ge1'mina'ion.
be., IOn f " th
derl D (3) attem ted '0 100 te
them to be
m nt of the f
to ~a1n th 1r., I. d
note. in 80
" etanda.rd001 r
fo t
from th th
out 0 nat t tly d tl •
• the e 8 00 •
~ 1 1. )
667
42
6.
fbi. be xplat.ne4 in· "
(9). Itl pack wa. th
cent f.J inc; ,to ••
batr
O'bb•• teets w re 4e in etrl lehet.
C~ •• of th ae tee'••
e cold c mbera were used _ttl 'the
~"1ft4:t' r _ • fi:r.t u ed to adJu8t
he t rature e e on • shQrt chea p h a ~er gr.
•••.,ealed.C. wh11 th ot :r d
efernng b . it • f t ,treated 1ttv e s re; idly t
aulta 01 no
001
disb •• ).
b e 2 w •
of mol en1 K
•of'eat tube of
1
'I•.
1he effeCU.,me •• of low teznperatUl"e in lnoreaalng gf/l1"allMtlon •
pear. to dopend on the aJIlQuut of water abJOJ'be4 by the aeed. 'fable 2). fa11u1'.
to moi.ten th '9ed:. before appl,lng th seven-day oold treatment oaused the
during tbe cold treatment, 1: • of ltt)6lttng oou.pled '11ih two d!\Yc f co14
treablent, d t $1' of loak1ng oou.pledwith thvee dafl ot cold treatment
faUed. to lnoreae. \.116 ~ate of gld:ln1u Uon.• ere lb seed wet'e eoacad uix
a..,yl bOLl t 1 per iIl.t of th geminate before tl1e cold. trea tRient. ~e 1
pet'Cent thawing It mina,lon "as kUla 'by the cold • was al.o an additional
t. r ment 0 of .wo d • of aoskblg en ttv. daTil ot Cold 11
d. se. n dlqa of cold loUer
UJed on all test. reported in 18 1).
~lng it: 11thea
oa.,88l' 1el il1Cl" a••4 the •.at f
t oold tr tIll it of. da Ie
at. aeed10 their 0 ity to
r.'Poud ta col tl"eatlOOat. r ot the forty strain. (p e 2) were abo. n a\
1. 3.
fable 3. 8S Seed
Itl co ... 1"1 ot b 8 1 an4 3 t teed 8tor8d
muoh y cold treatment aee4 leas then
s.untreated oe-e4.'
lJbeaJ:psrimente reported above i,nl,toattt ~t 1Ihe geJ"tn1naUon of n_
and. ~ed ltf!'!ntuolcy bmegr-ltA1iI seed can Of.!ew.bste.ntir-l1y lncl'ea"ted by cold treat-
1ll$ molltened 8$$d. 1!1~ .0 llot solve the probleo of do. end poor gcrm1naUon.
in l{ef).tuDlt..y'bluet:re..~ bu.t indic te .sible Vft.',. o~ lce8-ening it •• el'lousne •••,.
ine. in only' <Jl)eor t.. i)lstanCe. dld the germtn tlon of e 14 tr~ted GeM fro.
161ectUon 20-6 60 above (,0 peroent. Md inc. $prep. (21) found one lot ot .eed
to tnoret.Mse from 6 to 94 p.roCllt germination after cold treat ent. 40 eleot1o~.
'ere tested to aee if p).ent eeUon U'l ht be xp t t1 0 pl pert in solv-
irlt~ the gC1"'luitVl tion pro 1 • 'l'h(\40 Btl" ina 'II t) t st ••.d in
vol,.ed tr tme t tor 8 dq at 70 C follow tttO ye 0
e ill-
t ~,ng,after
m,lch the Geedsw r €e ted room t 0.1' tu.re.. 0 other ns
simple gt¢m1ru: tl tel' re e ~ da YI r pl lets 0 C;""
'l)J'~xi.mately100 4 on 11 all e tu.r ill with 1000 .•..•11>0~..,,"'n(0/ Wt igl t) moisture
t.n.dbold at OOT! ~o t '!! t"ent flv the fll" t m t.1')4 ther
ere tour rtrplio t1on~ of 100 seeds tor h .T •• r 1:" t on KbnnaCk
or twenty-five dJ!Jy inc u.din eoakin d cold tr en' before the perc t
0mine.\1on 8 eault. of thea teat pe in b1 4. In
eyer; attain cold. r " t 1 r. te of tnation. e
even higbee' ge lifter 001 tr
while the seven low g rmtnatlng strains after cold tr t
percent erm1natlon. ere no oold til' ent eriod was
hl&h ttr ina had en. '!fer e germination l' te 0 6.5 ere nil 8 0 1peJ' d \0
26.2 percent for the seven low strains. h Qf i;b~8 QomparilOn•• 'but par-
t14U.larly the laUer-. indic to the o8s1bUUy o· eecuJ'i higb germlna.tlng
if t 111'•• 11.:6dth'lt when the to"rty s lectiolll w re t ere 11 • no gu.lde by tell
hleb l.nd low germ1na.Ung atrain. could. b chosen. Ohoice of eleoUons .••
, ,I'
Germl tton 1b11.4.ll,.t !entrEq B11Iet.' ••
66.7'80.8a.379.872.57 .60.2
69.371.3
tfer:ec in favor
• 8 month 1weigh) ttDl
.0
. I
83.5
'12. 4-
!'
9.
b h~1
9'.373.75.06a.O
•6 .271.057.0
3.14.1
61.470.370.00.9.2
55.6.3
J..243.2
.300.047.9
80.369.0S.2
6 .764.559.857.658.356.155.5.4
52.51.200.04: •47.26.7
45.3
•33.332.531.330.2
.0
bated n V8tl~ lone in fol1 e 101.8.
10.ther 0 8 r¥a'lon wht h e I
p•• t1na' t.
v••• n' ann ••••
ftye 01 tho
lowe t .~1 tl~ ,9'1.3 p 011' in one 1 ,I
Inat,ed .1 001. nVlIllA'I>lnRn
tet' •.
•tt In.
t cold tr t t It g .r-
e' e. tbe two93.5 pe
ltl
erml,
ov1& 1. ion" •. 7.3 JMl"l~en
_ent tor h uae of • 1'"
tlo.ft.oth r I t f t Cte Q pl • i
ezbl it dgr. of
8e4. (our
s11n
t •
• ed both n t
'yp ed 8 ,he r
• d n
op d h 1 .-on hi' 1 1
r • t 0 d de hie VI \b 0
11.
bo seen in hie 5,
It tar C rmS 10n eroen~e .han haae 'ProduCed under ltage.
'table 6. ormally_- , -
n
.0 32.1 37.1 36. 39.521.1 20.4 20.8 4 .2 .91.0 1.3 31.3 38.1 3.33.0.4 33.8 32.1 4: .0 44.8
30.3 44.d tn 19$6 ad 1 39
g. 2.
lb· pp at 41tf'eJ'eno
l' r If 0
bib! d ~1 8e~dnro~c under
be n in e
•
10 :fi r h earll '91 or e~
( 0) 0 d. h' .ot at. by CONmoreablur ed water fa.'.r and rml ad /qu.ie 1y than C J'B showing cona derable
hOl'Il7 endo.pe • Howver.
betore pol11n ton.
e corn ' th h h01J)7
blud ,e&9 1
ally. en lQ" lu a
d1:4Oed h
de e or 0
to apo :de
tor ottlvl • ed p 0-
II t lUI nin s.ddi
I • 1 w n th 11'
4e'felop en 11.
hiea 11 0 (17) • t vor-able on ltlon 110 it tl0 •era, 0 111
il1bl d • tb
of gro 01'
or till t 0
Y 1
!lO\ b for h h in 0 ••
13.
• 3. L t nl 1 n
•
•
•
1\ '1'-
t e
lou or i 1
14.tbe one tha 1 large en<JUg~ to enfold the growing potl'l.~ ( ps-e 31). As loon
al the leal lnl.lal b omes large e~ to enfold the gJ"owlng poln • 1. ,...
d$Clde417 Ore d. Gnd COtnpFGS ed and., tn10 1 of ~ra8 1 tJ:v • which are fold 4.
in the bu.d. J.t this ar1, a te~e. 1t 18 onll th blade which Can edt le4
r 30 ahow. tru t \h h ~aoter1.'lc00 ~8bap.d,t.p of \11 blade form ear11 In the' dey lopment of Kentuolcy' bluegra.8 1 v, I.
!he II ~1 is disc rn1 1. whenth blade 18 fro. 3 to 5 llltn. 10 thiS:
.t :ge v ry Bhor I tlon of 'he she th e n b 86 • blade contln es to
th e not elongate untt the bled
hal ne rly co 1 ted 1t. dev lopm t ( gure 4). It will be not d 1 tel' ,
ella 0 b d d.h , e10'O "tlon i r iV~~ ed in h lea faun
on r izome •
'he 1 t re t ict'it 0 t •• rounds t ,ro
h r Ion ofortlon of
en
tothe tnt r' 04 thick
1- pr
port 1nilo
kY bl v r "on diff oratr in (
headl t
having
falltona
of th
abo. 1
,...,.._,,....- 5). ri 1
tier 0 t 0
to the 1n th
1
r 6
no th t 1. u rl t y
of growth.
t 1
•
• •
t 1
•
•
.eaves taken fromsteri Ie culm s
Leaves taken fromfertile culms
t: lye .... tolr-en ire 1TJ
culr t>: 1
le-rlle/7 )/0. 30-22"
( I (
34-7-_g8-13
rle .
16.
1'1.
-J;. •
0) (X) t..I I I I I '0 ;"
I I I I I
."
<;18•
•
19.oon.-tant. A monthly record of the number Wc s de on 100 oulms of grea in
denl' sod. C'eUm of all ages .•ere t gged and it wa. tound tbat *.9 $ootl ••• 1'
b_am old. .O'U.gh to 1 'IfiJ 'h1a uumbe: was lntaln.ed
tuttil matt tty. Old 41 ~m" .vel are
produ.eed. lng tbe,oneili oy 0 1. t rob pe 1m.
l1er elQpmen'
of this tud1.
th 1 one bleb culm
till tir'th
irst 1
"'ween th t
on
Inc po
to f
bl ecr ••
ah \h d
't11.1 in thl 10 t
20.to be a short Fhi om. Bh 10m oaD be dist:lngu.lahed fro tIller by lih leng\J1
of the 8tool Conneo'ltlg 'he ·Jlo.l~ pOi t of th Dr eh to tbe par_' lent
(t111ers have pl"&ot1QallTno t.a until aeaJlly; 'u.re~ ~e 8) .-4 by the
Ulin folded 1 ave pro eoting th Qint.
I
•
lcIt.
t "en 1
la'tve1.y ttl
er plan
b dur
ter.
Sf. end then u
21.
17pr d\lO two '"11_e
lz
1 te 1 eh
lentuCla bluegraa$ e04 1\ t '0 enl
during 11and "'3. t o'
11 0
larN' dot me ot e lab'll.
Mdl ion 1 &,x11181'1 buds enl_
so follow! tr e fire extended, e~10
n he r 1d longe\l 1'1 t lenyefJ.
tures at nod where
b IU.C ud. I 0<1 ibo
t Q
of w thor ~ u.ltth ry a r
t b
showing r.
aploee 0
oriel 'd h
1 y ••o. n lat.
ot e nt
rldge. or 1 1
lee.~ 11 I ruD
How&V ~,
flattened
bu.4
hy
•
tiC)
•
o
located b naway h
\op of 01
happ 8. r
the loll t
on
n t i
a od 11
1 1 e
bf interno· 10 ~'ton of the: matton of .n int
terno4 longate.ale.
.tt e 01 1 or
force
va 11,1
tnt a.pr'e.e
t e so11
1.
t
f th 1'1izome
t
1. 4. n '¥
pctln 1s r:/
OJll
1
• A.i • tic, 11'
1•llgu.l of
the :l
par' h
t
tl41ft r nf, n ,
10).
1
fll tb ,e •
r
g. •
•
23•
• 10.
24:.gradllell¥ b omsmore pronounced .0 t t th$ firat hl~ome 1 t to reach llCht
ba' a blade on tov h 0 one lnch l0n«. Th blade. of th • ond $!ttl tb.l~4
above ground 18 .ee t-&pl'eeent _ dation f.-om thc> t of the fir t leat to the, of
t\ typi.c 1 ab v round1e t. !be growl,,,, in' ot rhtlomo Jl1 , appeaJtlflC
tl1roUBh the all has obarced fro one tbe t __ dome- ebaped \0 0111' alightl,
flattened by th" folded 1 at -hleb coyer. 1t. 'l'he rh12 me.o e J which C Y8r
• dDnle--ell ped g .1tlg pint, pe t; t t b P bee 8 of t sir coni 1 to .
•
• •/10/38 •
•
ox:!. C 1 bel 'II 1•.6 Boll an lufior-
il). It ae,eto011C
is st on 'hi'! f
.1.
2S•
. 13.
27.
'l11 r •
• to the
elonga ion 0
pro_' t1Q
ot
e. 1:'hla31) .nd t t
10d velop ,
ronau.noed
eMMa 1
bessl inte
otl tl e
g:ro"ilonge.t1o~ p c
d
ttona re
on ord r ( 1) 10
1 o h
r
ond
itl 11 o
branch:branch of
'he 1f no 1 0
panicl
\hat
withor! 1 0 III
in 0
app
ber (4)
In thplan •orlgi
hi1
•
28.
• •
o•
•
!h
low b 1
ot ,be panlo1. and from the tip o,f each branch to it • 18 the order til
"hloh tp1 81., lnt \1 'ton, dehiscence. and caJ7 pst. dey lopment aGoura.
A e -M .••_·""let s,e,r, to tor til tip ot the Dr h tns. tiltl',
.BUlIvu,uly a1tern te tran verI. l-l ea ( pre
lnltl 1 on y etr. ti1te ~Ow1ng pOints develo ,on light17
elongat
14) l1k th 1
above the 0 h d 0 ju t
,lnnln a of he t
panlcl 1. P
of t etnitta 10 of
,he 1which 1 t r
.eoond tlor ,.
until
e th b e f he branch.
..8 0
ese th b
th
d. branche.01 t h 10M. e tn axl
te.not 0 ably at thi' t1 •
dome 0 n
upper ld of r
appe I fir 0 0
papl11
papl11pa: 111
mar,l
lion.1 (th.., 1 on
t eGothen b'l" h of P
d xt 1 0
ro c flor ,. tn thl
to urt 11 row •ttr t
rid e co
he
d
ort 'OWl th
f h
the
ylin r
11 •
t • 8 h p 0
30.
"pi, I, bloh 1- oh. develop u:pon them to to, the tlpa'to branoh ., wblch
• The developing pS..'11 ft. 80 _all
that 1t eQUidnot b pho to spb d. •.1\h y 11 ble equi nt. 1he cheng:es ob-
piaiil ot Ken blula emen~ tbat development of th
•• do • nQt differ rkedl7 f.-om t 'of fh 1!WS
lobo
L.It h~ tip of
rd r t- rey ~8ed 1 thin1 tb f r t 0 8 nor b I.
in t 01'4 of tni'! p ,anth r 'bo y 1'. ~1 • e tire
bOut on 1nCh 10 th•t
per t I'tl' t r, 0
'he inflo 1 n17 1
inoh 10 f let. 0
pll tip f of tb Wi
ba. 1 ill t 00 ,b ,l~. , 1 h e tyle
ere Ju t ver e
.'lr tnt rno
.10 10 ot •
"I'm! t, he ryle •
\heir n th n be I to h •
oan all be etec it tboug not fUlly evel pe
:f\l111 de.el
• tfle and
in 4.b, ellS tllln th 11':surf e. ••
ture Jus 'P""e41n' :no t1m when he fl1_ \1b
elonga e to
1.. n er re e~ted trOll} K_tu.Ck1' lu. a.',
• ek pes-tod cent ring round ~~~, 20. or .bout 1. 'or10 1m i'hln thh P 1 1 • ~- fro the b 0 •
aft r an r ser 10n. In 1938 in
1» 0 d io
could 1 out 11
t tlO1'6t.
tt d
th i~
e.
938
3 o
o2
o
• 1 d 1 t $' •
fbe lelet'/lth ~
(16) Gnd .• l'~
xnoaea to foJ' ..1~ le 8YEtI'a.ge4 15
om ,3 to 3. ?he., e 4 oonfirm
s t K tuo'
opes n r'pantel...done by 118901'1
. ope.
ole
d pro rUM tollfrom
lA,10n. e 0 tb 1 0 of th ..Kentua..~ blu as floret
_. h ttei d tu.l1 • a • • i,.
ote se
from 1
to 0111n
011ot lore ' (In.
o lD
em.~M1i1lAtlon.
111010 r
d
d
1.
3
••
Ie
rT·• it
1'1t'1 or no d or.in prepa 1o tor
UAtrlmmed
11$;lt of tb br .ncb ., and 11 btl. the two • 1 tl :ret.
in eg;eb .- r Jib 4
e lt e )e
ed 1, not ft. ted
.8.en
etf
• 1 o
10
•
• •
bluQg a a.
"'al
e trl.1t " '0 th
(1$)
Gon Ii
UlI8Jo: '.1 0
di¥_ow .•.v.,....
the
h malo'to
'Ii~'1"~.jl1,a1tl"
•
Jo1n
r
, ad
e g~ oC··.
ill.
~fii1 6
styl: £1.
tY'PeG
t
1 1937
1
llen nd ofQ t
~ tl t only .Ain e! ,,1 h a
i' h 0 'e'!!
d evelo d na'ropeana
e •colo loal
de
(1')
at
.., •t b1
1
e c
t
lblo
1t 0
•
lit
tim 1t A11i~·~tr.
0';- 'b h
to
t
J).
o
r.,
•() e
t
~., .e~l f.111el. The resu.ltus agree ala ,ely nth his de' lied study.f ,fte
e.pomto ". and one 8 mal t e Wblch prodtlPed 11.:2 p
t lnnln reap '1 1,.nt 8nd 2.9 pero
June. 4
" . nl 1
f 1'"
o
Jun 4
• 1 • :B•
I pO.leape • of elbl
h f
apom1c tfp • ( e 1.•
tIl' in ,t co t
requir d o co ion 0
t. 1 It of :n gr-m1n t10n 0 t 1 r i
p- per nd
quick r th
numb n t e type Uld rove 0
di'prov
39.
ho hund:red eedit 8 of eaoh of tlve .tr ins f KeDtwaley' bluegr ,.
wer t:rsneplant d to tb 1e14 OQtober 1, 1938. 9le 8 e411Dgs W~ 00\ !ned
to ind.iv1dual 11 P cup 0 1 t 8-011. They were per ,t d 0 complete
gina \10 andbad 1 the C:p. or tblr'1 a when the tran •.•
fer to f1 ld In th i 1d. th dltn s w re $ t out in ch keo.
,owa on om 0" lb r 32, 1938 to Nov er 21. 1939.
'Petio 1 1 rl d ceo o di lona) tone nd
o t~ 0$ d v 10
trlbl1t f, '111 Gun10 t 1 10). f
pl r d do 1 1 t f 0
(ft 7).r 1 0
••.t.lt 1v c a
1
ou.'. 5 n.•• •
r tb
f 1 •17
placi h u h ro d
40."Q •..••..•. ~
~._
••••••
U'tO(J)N,.;;
• !PJO)~&~, ""' 8
~4t)~ tottf•.••••.U) r-4 (0
~. ~••••
'tQ 'woOOOQOOGOt') ,.
.,c:\••••~
t1_
•tQ g 2IK)
S 'tj
00000 0000,,",,00.,_
~,
.c,..!1
•••••
000,"" 0000' 00 ,. ••••0H
••••• r;t) r1,... t:t) ,....
N Qle •••H
to,...0 00000 0 .-
to •I!o.00•..••.•••••••• 0 ,.ttl
U)C\)m •U)
00'-'0000 00m
0 .e
0 •U)
f:l.. ""f""4
00 ......• ,... 0 I.
't:J
~ \t) •to.." to
JIll! •
• •
Nov.ll Nov.30
A r.3J
es ed well
a ega. of1
•,1. 1t au1;ot the twe t,-tlve examin,d bor ~h1lo e which w •
_. 10 • ~;. ineh htgh. One we 1 ter
l' . nd. even thou.gh th~r. bed ra_ .O~growih th
en (12) ttlrlbu ~ the tea4enc7 of
embe)t 0 the
period. $ of
wI. nm't,nAI'l in til tall. 1bed .
. lOlm trQm ~he plan' durl!tg the
88Gi81!f.l1a. 'b ~Ch}1 'd~d not eb e a1~' fL-
dlaoontbued until
n 'VI ort 1 y. were
d ~er1b th
n yer e o. fourtee~
In he ssme :rlod
t
er t. of
•i e lot hta
th
~h 1":1. of 1938
t t43.
tl,nt Gro ~'ln scd. 3tabl_Ch d the:or e ~ fDll
wi th l~&:uburgf. (~) is. tsment hatot fiOl at· (I.. ta C1evelop ,.
1ltf'" QQnd telon 0
Xn bre."dt~ rogl-
a for 0 )t1tiX gro 1r4t Co: J.d ttons 1 ht
n e. hlth 1/
~e
pe. m t l
•
122.
e roots wer~ 111~ £to.
18 -m.d! 111u trate.
6 $ d t1: ,ee
).
• 'PI., t b
....•
111' $.
•...owov /1. 1t
eeding 111blll ..
~ ae4et 'bru a..-I\~:mn·t tha.. did e
1 1.
•()
,
••J a ~ '"••~ 'd •i 't1CD
1 ."Q,)~•••UJ. i ~ ae.l
~ ~! J •• •••••~ 1 ii i t)
•• 'St1 1· «t\.
• J:q~tid
CI) ij 1::10
t:I0 '" .•....••
fll m ~.,......(2
~ 0>••••• ••••
~ • ..f""t •••••.
OJ
"'" ~ !B ....,'" 41
•• •
45.
tlOJ1 were confirmed by , 0 e1m11",,,. cotnparl na 1n Me1'. 1939. Renoe. rhleQmes
do not develop exten tvely 1n broadCast seoding until the s tl1ngs have lived
tbrougb one winter.
Ju!y 7
• 1•
AugJ6· IVov12
omSpr1ng 1 n 1ng.re au e and.d row in the
.as g1to 1 in. 'I four or
t e or fotee •
e eon t e 8'OUlm. , 1 h
."eJ- c lp
tie of
£1 e r 1 0 ted r dotIl in o.ds .•hi h were eeldo if
" '
A
• ro.
•. -
11.
• 8t1rface ot the 0 1••c. .•.
:rum as
•
20•
t .-epr nt e "of V' r QUO lses and age omingfro
11 w 1 a.s rblzom-eoulm. ere tfJCged. The \iller mq
Qt. 1 3S flo 101'1ng culm (Fin &Ur ro 111ustr. •
of wer
o from lIar)" bud on 1938 at .r11e ct1.lm •
on on h 19ht ot the tallest leal, length of TOUW B8 f.
n 1 Y t d leaves, ntulb er of t1110ra, nd pr
d nd r orde perio leall, on all type. ot culm •
r ord. 'liP; 1n '_b1 • 11, 12,
kb4 which a&J1nQ' e brou ,to'
wllb th" obser '.ious
11 1. JaauBl7' bout h t of
1 •
0•• to t1'l~ e rttall. devel.pe ~er~_
:;tr 80 Ih Ft. that 'hel' 41-0notate d b yond t
them. 'l'b r go".l 17 throughou ill t
till 8 In be ah >wing.
Mo t of th rhl£omoe bav t m1
Soweter. the f Which r~tA blow g ,
n
pro11 $Ca:reel,. rJ.1cultnles rh1 0 •
'l'h rowtng tnt of a 0Ul or 11
top produ
'1 0
t .bieh thiS .~u,"" •.••.•..
a d. b
ent17 the
of entu-Clq lu.e •lel., bo e the Q\ meh
there only e. f e dtl¥1
pha. 0 de'f'elo
March. It w
niel_s tnt'lated. he on or
f she ~th.. Tabl I 11. 12. 13. and 1 lndle
11y produo d • ott 1n 1939J
11 3. t en -thr pQsle $4 twotill r th1r
t1 ler a 11
t e not d t th.ae CQWlt. were b e on the 1
bey-on e leat eh th.. 1b flush of owth \ t 1 8
~t/sI! gel:;~,...~ elt
s/£~t/ttte/ot NON~O~NOOOOO 0 0 0 00
iAt/ggel2/.a/e
ttlttte/ot~t/9zIt;£/ft
/££t/ttta/ot
l(') ,....
• tf) .., t.Q ,... C\l N • t'1 U) 1O ~
£l/Sge/t.2/tsir;
tt/tt..,...z le/ot
·os ,ooqs
•
O·"..,...,...•.••MOO •...••...•OOOO,...
0""
000 "'0000 0 0'" 00 o
•
ONOOOLOOOOOO 00 o 00 0000
t")"OOOqfOOOOONOO
•.•••NI".lN('\l ••••••~tO
W ~m~ ~ ~• (\) (\l t') • .• • t? ~ tf) (\l ~. ;.04 •••• ......,...... roof
. ' N
~ ~~O~~ ~~ ~~.N •••••(\1,... •• • • ••••••tQ ••I • ",., N
ll)\t)M •.••• 0 tf!) t"l l") tQ- (\) ••• U) •••• C\l • •
N UllQ to•••• •• tf.) ,....,... ,••••••••• I· tt) (X) ,. ttl ••••
••••~N~t?fo-.U)."'t.t}~ •.•.•t'?t,() l('). ....• .
"" 0. to e- en t- to trH.o U.l•••~~«ttt)LQ.otO u) N"d't?
~~ ooo~~~~~g ..~~~~~~ M•••••••••••• ,..(\),... ,.,.,..... r->
=s=ms~~~~~as~N~~~~ .....
•
o .....0
ge/,;
£/"I/r,
sst«
o
o
ONOOOOOO o
0'(\'10000 (\)0 tt:J tQ 0 0
cYe/tI-t/9
se/t£/t
ate
gg/t
£/t.
/etslts .
tl)t<) C\l to t"'f t') ,. tI) ro
U)t;:t) ,... ,M '" tli'.) W C\l ••••
f.Q~ ,.... "....•••••tt) N,... ',e tt) N •....• rot,....,.., t'itn MfQ ,...t! U'l" '" • • (\it • .''''' .•• .••••.•
( ....•
OOl9
~ /g92ft
£/t/£
taltt
t.Q~ 'ICI' ,. """ U) en .-I 0to ..-t•• tt:l ~ ttl, Ul ('0
tf,) to,. t*) tQ. ~ ,ft'? (\)
tQ""~IIIft?tt)tO
.~t?tQ$.."qJ~
tQ W tQ...• ft) ~ .• .., t9 tfi) ~t:f) Q'Il ""1#
~~ tD~t·)U)"~.,
'1'.1ato~..•..•~••••~
!i(f)
tTj
t1m~
11B~~fH0
•••0i!'"ii,....•••I:tq)
~.,a $...:f
•.,.,...,
'/./8/g
te/tl.
te/tt
tt) tnt!) to tnC'\J ,.. ~ ••••••••• ~ ,. tJ C\l •. ~ ,. ~ ,.
1a t.Q. tt) U).,; f""4.... • ('J t'Q. C'~ cS •...•f""'J t· .,...
~~~ ••.••~ ~M ~•. ttl.. .• ,. (' ,... C'1l ,. • H C'-l ,... •••.• ..,.....
U)(014~"''''.1:iP''''t?~.et)
~ ~ .~ ~ ~~~N~N~ •••«d ~ • ~ iIdf 9,fJ N t4 td (\) . ••.•r.-4 t-1 •••••
~~$~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~lO~~~~~m~~~~~~~~~~~~
•
•
oN
•the tbt
• t "lit.hI we tiler e t n1.7
, . t t1me baT. r .%led IOmewhQt .:)10
of thi 1,
a 1':1') for ..tp.rl1 3. Wher fit•• IJBVen cul 8
there w~s onq 0 8l1Ch on f.u:t,mft
Apr 1 3 sa 00. ~ d to ;n13' evenwith
s-" )r x" tall' thlJ >'!\ e ~ 0, on t11
neaJ>l;f.eight lm08 -. h ng 0 till
It wa ll:1dio ted 'bov. t on17
11.
Gd tha th r in~ on 0 nt!
panioles the rear follow1M de 41
grQ'u.nd $..l).oo 8 on llough' '"ermJ." IUftla 2.en t d
A culm. (:t ro) t. th younge. t when '8111
•
were 1 perc nt fer. Ie; n. 14 ereent; tyee. 3
perc. , t e 'It 70 percen', nd ~e 'I. ',u1ah wer ld 11
fer\lle.
panicle.t:h 'ailure of some of the tiller. (17.P
••tag cannot be 4. finitely
in ) 0 0
fables 11, 12. 1 f e.ad 14. fhel"6 1$ tom ev14
moat Y1 ~ou. er th Oil 8 whiob produO d the floweree
simi 0" ton on 'd aeedl1ng.. " •. WWitllloAoii'·,!I'U
the ~ ~ o·t t1lle,'. cu.1 "hiehel . t of
flore enoe. in the ring veraged aller than thos .hie
io!l6'FI::JR (8.5 0 1.5 and1 to 5. re t1 !1)·
o
llovem "t'
tto in le~'h .ithin the two group. of culwJl 18 I() .rg
o ev t
th
•
~e4 'n NOV61Qb$r -hloh Q sea ot1onl on
t prod'W)ed fA p ne b.;r til
Cl leaV0s and tl:tr
•
1 r
no OD l' au..b ;)l~nt fer 11 t .•
~ ··.su1ts t C01U).. (ill\> 15)
n :lo~tf '\ra 111 ot t Em
h .ic'·
and the de ~1 t10ti gt. ttl abe •
of tIle II ma dld not prodllce f> " 1ele.
e&e wo 10 itt 1" idel" 11"'0
It i.e of In'ex'~ too te
.t nliv of 1 type. $ 4~ perc t. A
'he pe"en.' of • eril cu.lme prove to be of v,~
U7 b ns b £ri.n~ e hl peroen t of et
lu-per-lor ••.or • e and "ft••
eel.r tea U the spring th t
rhlzQ all. 0 them r~n .011 unt 1 u
the l1tel'iUl from 11 JUne th tiller ow 4\-.
un~11 h-e file cu.lm ••t 'lntGmoo.6 e1on~ . ion n
~e' f lele and 8 ad to tlon s g1 en 1
flo em' (page. 27.39).
eom~ ot th I 011. _ wgrOU.nd btld 10
fa tlt. ,"0 -\h of 71&.1 par ,. is. ver7 91 dur1
elongat durl1~ t ..rlod
gJ'otUld au. in \.~.. ,., 11t tIe rhi om br
( 21).
,
Ta'Q1'! '
.., J
~
30-32 196 '19 1.5 178 1924.019 1&3 69
~1tJ 112 105 67Z1~4 140 '4~l:a 100 55 8535-3 ill 19 6;2.,.19 1.04 68 62Sa-al 112 79 59a~2a 36
&1 47- 00104 84-63 58'1 111 '95 c'-
02 1 eo97 96 eo68 6985 lOSB? 92104 1117 S70 60
150 !.•~90 10563 75
24-7 17 aa2 10 SO 1.00. 3 79 US 134-7 65 •.. 41• /3 93 13921-22 3 9425-1 61 9'134..13 64 lip21 1) ? 1442 14 72 139 3521-2 11 1002~16 53 101 34,... 5, 120
6 109 29 ---49 4
yer e
," h'. 2 •. Rhi.zomee <4 om spaced eedlinCil8 (3 on l~t1;) a4en IOd (5 on rlgbt). oms ten to re-mtdn lnbr; hed. 'then produ.oed. in dens ott.
owb~.t ring b t eather. He ever, th ese abe of n (8)
tact tfu:
Jul th n (3 did in !it h on plants 0':: tn(1 .ame ,«13 gr lnz 1~e
or 0' 1 1 furtber 'Proof that the ptlmwn tlme for :r.. 1 om prod\1O .ion Ol'nnAR
dUl'lt;g th long d&;r of June and t1u1y. Barr1uon (13) 'f1! rk1ng .1
of t~~llnd t"~t l1mS.tl ,. tl e nltl'G~n in the nutrien olu. tQt <) in ...
the l1ght kept h 'Oe10 the so11. l1era e.g in eb er t on tUlder r~1fi ial
00 ',n r e .••1t thoae in tb f1eld.
Thus th (H'~.l,.cycle of df1velopmant in sod he
em .g D. of rhl OUleu 1n th tall, through tillcrlng Md for tion
111 the ~ loaga'"on el I'ililo ill
he nezt tall.
b1 ob .~J16 1,. developmnt
sprlD& pi_tina' pd b. old astabl 1a
r..~dn f~ for\1 81'GillS-bi'''' al well aG from or41l'laJ7 co_aero
Pboto aphl. table, ~d a•• rlp'ton8 w.In ()m. 1.u'atte •• at\v lQO 'lAg And dGscrlbl
llG~1J devolopl., pl. t. exoerlmant a were
oillem.. iler 'the 8 NEot dJayel4J-pmeai.
E.ta ."M.'. L. follo.8 88aent 11)"
c!;Q.ru gertnin tlon aa 'rl'Jptr\ed tor othel! membarl of
l' dlile a '. e4l¥:17om m~ gra ••• s \7 l"oql.lring a
ptete ~ ina \ion Of :l.t. viable ••••.•• Sosktng s.eea
J inc thea to ."",en ~ ot yO C 'e~ •• a\U:t. bator
\en~4 eondl\ions increase. the :rate and. peJ'CeD'-Ie t
e germ1na ion of tbre~y~old st.reatmen \h T\ • e•.•.•)" old ••• d.
Seed reduced unde •• cloth" t'lgs ee_lna G t ster
first \han seed ~4e4 in \1 oP_. Du. ne la1;ter e
.tter 'being on the geftl1na tor thirty dn¥1. Seed- produ. e
•
n.
• g lne.'ion ra'e of •• ed f,om forty .e1 1011
'ft\.".1. lMI'lced17 1D4loatlng tl'l2' leleG ,ton ~ be used
•
l'dge
d~1fol is the b do, tl,\:!l
•
•
itt 1 0... in.ter.
ob ;Io;1)!' ':'J! tll t on
Etl1 tntre: ..1. lly he conbrot: l"u ec ,1': a ind :pen ~n.
:R $0 co e t·~..,m.bu t
fro till e il! ~;ve nQ 41 ·ti ,gui
•
'VI n $ ••
: th:- llcnlcl ill K
ng nolnte f o
end f~r-JJ.pr' nob it 1. i~' •1 l! I.y
ike1., to . .ti fromG~et ·,11thl;a 1t a" ""ale to e.,
ord,r is main' 1 e4flo."erln~ , me and pol'en 1 e
ere nt ot 1 V 8 Q l n\uCk
8l.1.1 '~"'~ frfJm &tuaSC'l:U.at ng
b\\ rami.
(! nla d
ed 'he fir ri •
nd proQUD . 'i.) nu.mb thA 1r
f.:!, m1~f' ring nlantlt\g8 do ~ot 1"0
lome durin" th fir t s« or of d v~l ~ •
~l*ly' C 16 0 f devel0 mumt 111
11 th f 11rhl::
tn! e. '~te .
eon t th t t ~.
d Ltnn. ~e
snd n th 11 ~t ",0
, it ratur lte
1.' Alter-wrg, I. jpomio tlc and alHereditss 251 a59-310~ 1939.
d 0 10
2.1939.
1 ••
•4. ber, ~!!ine,e;
,480 •• 11111. 1934.
5. strong. J. M. A cytologioal ~ ofof Re oraob 16t as 297. 1937.
I. 111 t)kman, G. • 1'h lntluenc 4-ttl eron \he owt11 of tlt.re 1n th sprlng.1936.
7. nnett, O. T. !.b. devel en' of tot(12): 9Z1- 31. 1937.
lei. Jo • •
9. own. It Y. Som eflects ,ot temperaturpoSition of a.taln palw.re grass 8.
9. Collin., Q. • \'he appl1oe'lo ofU. S. D. eire. 19. 1929.
tala1m d
10. en.. R. tac 'or. a.lf . tlng the er absorof seed corn. Jou:I. • Soc. Agron. lOt 47 1.
1'. "hieoroQn. 271 791-797. 1935.
12. 14. • anti lame- at. tn_ins. 'lh grQwth\lDl~atjLabluegJ''' in 1 te 1ng d in au.turon s
r. e, Agron. 31t 767-774. 1939.•
13. rl n.C. •1 t, out\lng.
14. Hl hooCi:.{1c. b.
15. t. m1c le d exnal $e~d fQrmatl0 1.131-154. 1932.
..e of the Unlt
171
1'.
• a.a nl !fl hoe llngsgr8e...c;,ow~_8;;w; ••• '.) lot. Notl.er No. ~2t
0\0. Oompar'ti.e morpholoQ d dey 10•.••.••...••••aratenae end S!rtf;,rle;ltalica. Ja.p. Jour.
(16.
23.
18.\ '1per. C. V. rage plants and thelr cu.l tu.r •Revi8 did., 671pp. 1924•.
19. ken. G., Zytologleche Un' r8UCL~:u.;::c:nvo11 n Wieae, lsern~ a i
•
• • Unpu.bllane •
22_ !hatch., 1.. • O~ J. lllard and R. • L 1.m ""dOw. Ohio • Exp. St. 11. '8. 1937.
1.
"'!be _1 tar wae born on •. faJm ne Rutsonrill. Illlnol •
April 15. 1913, and liT d there unlil going t, coIl r 'b 1
gadu ted from loftville lfownehlp Hlgb School in 87. 1 31.
r· rfled. witb lU8 tathe~ t r on 'tear 8ud
(lb Uuiv~~.i t;y 0 XlliuQl. 110 llg In · ner
c. l t • • d
g~ee _ • uu fe~r d in June. 1936.~ tau'. 'P.t.n ,.-opP od.uatl~n n h1 de., iter 0
rk tn he Agro amy tmen t d 1v e. 1
~ biug 14 crop expel'im ld~a~l
~ ~Y. 1938. tork; oe inunetU. , 1,)' i) ~
1\h lou tUld lnl or 1nbo
lec ~d to member hlp
ind degr
•Z tat
a Sigma Del' •• • Slpa • Phi Kappa Epsilon.
