Life substances
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Transcript of Life substances
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Life substances
The Role of Carbon in Organisms
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???
How many different words can you make from the letters: R T A E ?
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???
Think about the amount of words you could make from only 4 letters. Now explain how only 90 natural elements could form all of the different substances on Earth.
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Structure of carbon 4 electrons in its outer shell = 4
covalent bonds Allows for different shapes
of structures Allows for diversity in
carbon compounds
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Structure of carbon Isomers – compounds that have
the same chemical formula, but differ in three dimensional shape.
Polymers of carbon are large molecules made from many smaller carbon molecule units (sugars starches)
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Carbohydrates Provide energy (esp. for nervous
system) C, H, O - 1:2:1 Simple sugars = monosaccharides Monosaccharides can link together
to form a polysaccharide – starch
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Lipids Mostly carbon and hydrogen w/ very
little oxygen Fats, oils, steroids Glycerol “backbone” w/ fatty acids
attached = glyceride Functions: energy storage, insulation,
protective coverings; major component in membranes
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Proteins Made of C, H, O, N, and
sometime S Monomer = amino acid (20
common ones) Combinations of amino acids can
make thousands of different 3-D proteins
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Proteins Amino acids are linked together
through dehydration synthesis creating a peptide bond
Enzyme is a protein catalyst; it is used to speed up a reaction, usually by lowering its activation energy, but is not used up in the reaction
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Nucleic Acids Complex molecule used to
store hereditary info Monomers = nucleotide =
sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group
Made up of C, H, N, P, and O
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Nucleic Acids
Found in DNA and RNA – named for the sugar found on the nucleotides
DNA is the gene sequence found in all organisms
RNA is used in protein synthesis in various ways
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