Life on Earth Kingdom Plantae Part II
description
Transcript of Life on Earth Kingdom Plantae Part II
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Life on EarthKingdom Plantae
Part II
Rhyniophyta and Lycopodiophyta
Cooksonia
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Introduction
• Sporophyte generation (2N) is the photosynthetic, conspicuous generation
• All members have evolved specialized tissues for water (XYLEM) and food (PHLOEM) conduction
• Groups continue to become better adapted to the terrestrial environment
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Evolutionary Lines
PLANT KINGDOM
“bryophytes” “vascular
plants”
“green algae”
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Evolution of Non-Seed, Vascular Plants
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Early Devonian Landscape(about 400 million years ago)
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Reconstructed Early Devonian Landscape
Cooksonia
Aglaophyton
Zosterophyllum
early lycophytes
Psilophyton
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Phylum: Rhyniophyta• Known from fossils more
than 400 million years old (all extinct today)
• Sporophytes had no roots or leaves
• Sporangia produced only one kind of spore (homosporous)
• Example:– Rhynia (found in chert
beds in England)
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Phylum: Lycophyta
• Plants with true roots and microphyllous leaves
• Some species produce compacted sporophylls into a cone or strobilus
• Some genera are homosporous (Lycopodium and Huperzia) others are heterosporous (Selaginella and Isoetes)
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Heterospory vs. Homospory
male gametophyte with antheridia
female gametophyte with archegonia
or
HOMOSPOROUS PLANTS
gametophyte generation with archegonia AND
antheridia (monoecious)spores
HETEROSPOROUS PLANTS
megaspores
microspores
dioeciousgametophytes
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Lycopodium
• Common in New England and the Great Lakes Region
• Often used for Christmas decorations (evergreen)
• Spores were once used as photographic flash powder
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Lycopodium (strobili)
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Selaginella• Species are heterosporous with
microsporangia and megasporangia
• Megaspores develop into female gametophytes
• Microspores develop into male gametophytes
• Large group with tropical, temperate and desert species
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Selaginella rupestris
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Selaginella with strobili
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Selaginella striboli
megasporangium
microsporangium
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Selaginella strobilus
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Selaginella (sporangia)megasporangium microsporangium
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Selaginella lepidophylla
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Isoetes• Commonly known as
“quillworts”• Each microphyllous leaf is a
sporophyll, either a microsporophyll or a megasporophyll (heterosporous)
• Stem is a fleshy “corm”• Often grow at the margins of
ponds and lakes
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Isoetes
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Isoetes microsporangium
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Isoetes
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Isoetes melanopoda (Nebraska)
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Lepidodendron
• Known as the fossil “scale tress”
• Common forest giant of the Carboniferous Period
• Helped to form present day coal deposits
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Carboniferous Forest Reconstruction
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Lepidodendron
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Base of Lepidodendron (Stigmaria)