Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

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Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun

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Transcript of Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

Page 1: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun

Page 2: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

Photosynthesis

Light is required to help water reduce NADP+

PS2680nm

PS1700 nm

ATP

NADPH

Light energizes jumps in energy potentialto get electrons run through anelectron transfer chain

H2O 2H+ + 1/2O2

Page 3: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

Engelmann experiment

What is an action

spectrum??

And what is an absorption spectrum??

Page 4: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

Action spectrum vs. absorption spectrum

Page 5: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

Directionality of blue light induced bending

(Action spectrum)

Page 6: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

Directionality of blue light induced bending

Page 7: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

Kinetics of blue light effects

Membrane depolarization

Hypocotylelongation

Hypocotylelongation

Gene induction

Page 8: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

Stomata opening regulated by blue light

Page 9: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

Stomata opening regulated by blue light

Protoplasts

dark

Protoplasts

blue light

Page 10: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

Measuring irradiation:

chloroplast movements (Lemna) depending

on light intensity

Dunkelheit Schwachlicht Starklicht

Page 11: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

Blue light induced bending of coleoptiles

Page 12: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

phot1 (phototropin1)

blue light

wild-type

phot1 mutant

Page 13: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

PHOT genes in Arabidopsis

LOV-domains are flavin binding sites (FMN)

LOV-domains change redox status in proteins through (Light, Oxygen, Voltage)

Page 14: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

Phototropism chloroplast stomata movement opening

Page 15: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

cryptochrome, together with phytochromes

deetiolation of seedlings

photoperiodic induced morphoses (e.g. flower induction)

circadian rhythms

Page 16: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

dark blue red

WT cry1 phyB WT cry1 phyB WT cry1 phyB

cry1 : inhibition of hypocotyl elongation is insensitiv against blue light

Page 17: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

dark blue

WT cry1 phyB WT cry1 phyB

cry1 : analysis of cry1 mutants and over-producers

Page 18: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

MTHF (pterin)

8-HDF (deazaflavin)

FADH-

CRY1 shows similarity to prokaryotic DNA photolyases

CRY1

bacterialphotolyase

70% 70%30%

Chromophor 1: Chromophor 2:

Page 19: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.
Page 20: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

SKOTOMORPHOGENESIS

Photomorphogenesis Skotomorphogenesis

Page 21: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

SKOTOMORPHOGENESIS

Skotomorphogenesis

Light has an influence on seedling development

Photomorphogenesis Skotomorphogenesis

Hypocotyl: long short

Apical hook: closed open

Cotyledons: closed expanded

Chloroplasts: proplastids fully developed

Photosynthesis: no yes

Page 22: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

Cotyledon expansion

Reduced hypocotylelongation

Open apical hook

Page 23: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

closed apical hook Non-expanded

cotyledons

Etiolated hypocotyl

Is skotomorphogenesis achived via active repression of photomorphogenesis

Page 24: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

How to perform genetic approaches todecifer light regulation in plants ???

Page 25: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

How to perform genetic approaches todecifer light regulation in plants ???

Photomorphogenesisin dark grown seedlings

Skotomorphogenesis in light grown seedlings

Asking simple questions

Page 26: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

Getting complicated answers !!

Shorthypocotyl

Expanded cotyledons

Open apical hook

Page 27: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

Skotomorphogenesis in the light

Page 28: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

Functions of cop/det gene products

COP1 phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis

DET1 phytochrome B

COP9 phytochrome A

DET2 brassinosteroid biosynthesis

Page 29: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

Dark

Light

wild-type

cop/detmutants

COP and DET proteins inhibit photomorphogenesis

Page 30: Life on earth depends on light derived from the sun.

Strasburger, 2002

Shade avoidance reaction


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