Life in the Oceans & Ocean Resources Chapter 20.2 & 20.3.
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Transcript of Life in the Oceans & Ocean Resources Chapter 20.2 & 20.3.
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Life in the Oceans & Life in the Oceans & Ocean ResourcesOcean Resources
Chapter 20.2 & 20.3Chapter 20.2 & 20.3
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Ocean Chemistry and Marine LifeOcean Chemistry and Marine Life
Marine organisms Marine organisms depend on depend on
two major factors two major factors
for survival.for survival. Nutrients in Nutrients in
ocean water ocean water SunlightSunlight
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Ocean Chemistry and Marine LifeOcean Chemistry and Marine Life
Marine organisms maintain chemical Marine organisms maintain chemical balance of ocean water by:balance of ocean water by: removing nutrients and gases from the oceanremoving nutrients and gases from the ocean returning gases and nutrients to the oceanreturning gases and nutrients to the ocean
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UpwellingUpwelling
Deep water is a storage area for nutrients Deep water is a storage area for nutrients needed for life, BUT, most marine needed for life, BUT, most marine organisms live near surface, so…organisms live near surface, so…
Nutrients must return to surface through Nutrients must return to surface through process of upwelling.process of upwelling.
Upwelling: movement of deep, cold, and Upwelling: movement of deep, cold, and nutrient-rich water to the surface.nutrient-rich water to the surface.
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UpwellingUpwelling
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Marine Food WebsMarine Food Webs
Most organisms live in upper 100 m of water.Most organisms live in upper 100 m of water. Plankton: free-floating, microscopic plants and Plankton: free-floating, microscopic plants and
animals are base of complex food web.animals are base of complex food web. Consumed by nekton and benthos.Consumed by nekton and benthos.
Nekton: all organisms that swim actively in open Nekton: all organisms that swim actively in open waterwater
Benthos: organisms that live on the ocean floorBenthos: organisms that live on the ocean floor
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PlanktonPlankton
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Larger marine animalsLarger marine animals
Nekton: all organisms that swim actively in Nekton: all organisms that swim actively in open wateropen water• E.g. fish, dolphins, squidE.g. fish, dolphins, squid
Benthos: organisms that live on the ocean Benthos: organisms that live on the ocean floorfloor• E.g. oysters, sea stars, and crabsE.g. oysters, sea stars, and crabs
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NektonNekton
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BenthosBenthos
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Ocean environmentsOcean environments
Two basic environmentsTwo basic environments Benthic zone: bottom region of oceans and Benthic zone: bottom region of oceans and
bodies of fresh waterbodies of fresh water Palegic zone: regions of an ocean or body of Palegic zone: regions of an ocean or body of
fresh water above the benthic zonefresh water above the benthic zone
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Ocean zonesOcean zones
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Benthic zonesBenthic zones
IntertidalIntertidal Sublittoral zoneSublittoral zone Bathyal zoneBathyal zone Abyssal zoneAbyssal zone Hadal zoneHadal zone
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Palegic ZonesPalegic Zones
Zone above the benthic zoneZone above the benthic zone Neritic zone Neritic zone Oceanic zoneOceanic zone
Divided into four zonesDivided into four zones
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Ocean ResourcesOcean Resources
Increase freshwater supply by Increase freshwater supply by desalination- the extraction of fresh water desalination- the extraction of fresh water from salt water.from salt water.
Methods of desalinationMethods of desalination DistillationDistillation FreezingFreezing Reverse Osmosis deslinationReverse Osmosis deslination
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The Jubail desalination plant in Saudi Arabia is the The Jubail desalination plant in Saudi Arabia is the largest in the world. The plant produceslargest in the world. The plant produces
800 million gallons per day, while generating 5,000 800 million gallons per day, while generating 5,000 megawatts of power. Fresh water is a vital megawatts of power. Fresh water is a vital
environmental resource in the Middle East.environmental resource in the Middle East.
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Mineral and Energy ResourcesMineral and Energy Resources
PetroleumPetroleum Found beneath sea floorFound beneath sea floor ¼ of Earth’s oil extracted from offshore wells¼ of Earth’s oil extracted from offshore wells
Trace MineralsTrace Minerals Mg and Br—But to extract is too costlyMg and Br—But to extract is too costly
NodulesNodules Source of manganese, iron, copper, nickel, Source of manganese, iron, copper, nickel,
cobalt, and phosphates—but recovery cobalt, and phosphates—but recovery difficult and expensivedifficult and expensive
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Food from the OceanFood from the Ocean
Seafood—important source of proteinSeafood—important source of protein Harvested fromHarvested from
Fishing—important industry Fishing—important industry
but must manage to prevent but must manage to prevent
over-harvestingover-harvesting Aquaculture—the raising Aquaculture—the raising
of aquatic plants and of aquatic plants and
animals for human use or animals for human use or
consumption.consumption.
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Ocean-Water PollutionOcean-Water Pollution
Grown worse Grown worse
with growth of with growth of
world population world population
and increased and increased
use of more-toxic use of more-toxic
substances.substances.
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Productive coastal areas and Productive coastal areas and beaches are in greatest danger beaches are in greatest danger because they are closest to the because they are closest to the
sourcesource Beach damaged by oil pollutionBeach damaged by oil pollution
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Filthy Facts websiteFilthy Facts website
http://http://www.peopleandplanet.net/doc.php?idwww.peopleandplanet.net/doc.php?id=411=411