Life History Patterns and Habitat Use in the Upper Columbia
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Life History Patterns and Habitat Use in the Upper Columbia
Greer MaierScience Program ManagerUpper Columbia Salmon Recovery Board
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GOALS OF THE SESSION• Improve current understanding of life history and
habitat use of listed salmonids in order to inform ongoing recovery plan implementation.
• Create dialogue between project sponsors, decision-makers, and research and monitoring entities.
• Generate a summary of information gaps and current information about life history and habitat use of UC populations.
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WHY IS LIFE HISTORY IMPORTANT?• Diverse life histories contribute to population
resilience.
• Habitat opportunity, capacity, and performance can be greatly influenced by life history (and vise versa) AND Habitat opportunity, capacity, and performance can greatly influence population capacity, growth, and productivity (and vise versa)
• Effective and efficient recovery strategies, actions, and decisions are often based on our understanding of life history and habitat use.
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WHAT IS LIFE HISTORY?
• Life history is defined as the combination of traits exhibited by an organism throughout its life cycle.
• Life history characteristics can be imagined as various investments and tradeoffs in growth, reproduction, and survivorship.
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WHY IS LIFE HISTORY IMPORTANT?
Simenstad and Fresh
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HOW ARE HABITAT & LIFE HISTORY LINKED?
Simenstad and Fresh
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• Long-Term (generations)• Genetics• Habitat and Environmental Conditions
• Short-Term (year-to-year)• Individual Behavior• Growth and Performance• Carrying Capacity• Habitat and Environmental Conditions
WHAT DRIVES LIFE HISTORY?
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WHAT DRIVES LIFE HISTORY?
Simenstad and Fresh
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EXISTING RESOURCES• General life history patterns in UC (e.g. Chapman et
al. 1995, Peven 2003, UCSRB 2007, Andonegui 2001)
• Emerging Research (e.g. Tomaro et al. 2012, Miller 2011, Tucker et al. 2011, Benjamin et al. 2012)
• PIT Tag Datasets
• Ongoing modeling efforts
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General Life History PatternsSPRING CHINOOK
Spring (Mid-May peak)Adult Migration
Late Summer (August-Sept peak)Spawning
Early Spring Emergence Summer Parr RearingFall Juvenile Redistribution
Juvenile Overwintering
Spring (May Peak) SmoltMigration
Days-to-months estuarine rearing
1-4 years (2-3 average) ocean rearing
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General Life History PatternsSTEELHEAD
Summer (Aug-Sept Peak)Adult Migration
Following Spring (April peak)Spawning
Summer Emergence Fall Parr RearingJuvenile Rearing 1-7 years
(2-3 years average)
Spring (April-May Peak) Smolt Migration
Days-to-months estuarine rearing
1-4 years (2 years average) ocean rearing
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FOCAL SPECIES & LIFE STAGES
• Spring Chinook, Steelhead, and Bull Trout
• Adult Migration/Holding• Spawning• Fry• Summer Parr• Winter Juvenile• Emigrant
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KEY QUESTIONSBY LIFE STAGE, BY SUBBASIN:• Timing• Age-structure• Areas of occupancy and use• Movement and Behavior• Habitat characteristics and environmental
factors• Survival, growth, and carrying capacity