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BiologyWeek 2- Alive vs. Dead

Handout

What is alive?

Eventually, everything goes where it isnt, goes away, breaks down. Thisis known as entropy. iving things !ost!one entro!y by organi"ing. i#estarted #ro$ inorgani% $aterials &soil'dirt(, whi%h rea%ted with lightning to$ake organi% %he$i%als.

What di##erentiates live things #ro$ dead things)a( ive things $oveb( Dead things dont have entro!y%( ive things !ost!one entro!y and organi"ed( Dead things %an organi"e

Alive things:

-Take in energy-Assimilate-Self Regulate-Self Repair

Assimilationis taking so$ething and turning it into sel#.Where does Assimilation take place?

Takes !la%e inside a %ell.

o *nside the %ell is alive, outside the %ell is dead.

o

+ell takes in raw $aterials ats, %arbs, !roteins( andenergy &%he$i%al energy(, and turns it into %ell stu##&cytoplasm(.

o +ell has a %ell $e$brane to kee! the live stu## inside and

dead stu## outside.

What is the !ro%ess o# assi$ilation)a( +ells use energy to $ake $ore %ellsb( Ani$als re!rodu%e%( rganis$s take in raw $aterials and energy and $ake $ore sel#d( +ells use sel# to $ake raw $aterials

Where does assi$ilation take !la%e)a( our %ellsb( our sto$a%h%( our intestinesd( our blood

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Energyis needed #or assi$ilation.Where does energy come from?

lant energy %o$es #ro$ the sun. +ow energy %o$es #ro$

!lant. our energy %o$es #ro$ %ow. &!g. /0( Water1light1soil'nitrogenrass+owou

3 grou!s o# #ood4

Fat, Protein, Carbohydrate

o lants take nitrogen and turn it into !lant !rotein. +ow

eats the !lant and turns the !lant into %ow !rotein. Wetake a %ow and turn it into our !rotein. Assi$ilation5

6o7ou are $ade o# energy whi%h is $ade o# sunshine5

Every living thing is $ade o#7a( +arbohydrates and !roteinsb( +arbohydrates, and'or 8ats%( +arbohydrates, roteins, and 8atsd( 8ats and roteins

Homeostasis-6el#-regulation, sel#-re!air, sel#-$aintain.What is a puppy made of? What are you made of?

iving things have organic chemicals.

Dead things &ro%ks et%.( have inorganic chemicals.

ive things de#y entro!y by staying organi"ed &ho$eostasis(

Ho$eostasis is when7a( ive things sel#-regulate, sel#-re!air, and sel#-$aintainb( ive things hel! ea%h other survive%( ive things use !rodu%ers to survived( ive things re!rodu%e

Ecology4 All living things e9ist in relation to everything else, in%luding other livingthings.

Can live things survive on their own?

lants %an #or a while: they dont need other things to live.

However, what would ha!!en i# there were only !lants)

Eventually all the dead !lants would !ile u! and no new !lants%ould rea%h the sun. 6o7plants need decomposers.

The #irst sustainable e%osyste$s %onsisted o# !lants

&!rodu%ers( and de%o$!osers &ba%teria and #ungi(.

*# ro%ks and dirt are inorgani% %he$i%als, and living things are

organi% %he$i%als, how did we get organi% %he$i%als in the #irst!la%e)

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o H2, +2, H2, ;2are all inorgani% %he$i%als, but they

also $ake u! organi% %he$i%als.

Protocells uire !lants and ani$als to survive

!ecomposers4 living things that eat u! dead organis$s. Turn organi%%he$i%als into inorgani% %he$i%als. Things like bacteria, worms andfungi.

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"ife:

#$%&%' #( )'%*E$+E A'! P"A'E+

EA$", "%(E (#$+3.? billion years ago roto +ells

Big Bang #or$s @niverse - billion years ago

6tars 8or$ - C billion years ago

ur 6olar 6yste$ #or$s - billion years ago

Earth is #or$ed - C billion years ago

i#e Begins - 3.? billion years ago

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3. billion years ago An%ient Ba%teria rokaryoti%&Ar%haeba%teria(

3 billion years ago True Ba%teria rokaryoti%&Euba%teria(

billion years ago True +ells Eukaryotes &withorganelles(

A!APA%#' A'! !%*E$+%(%CA%#' ver the last 000 $illion &a billion years( the geogra!hy and%li$ate %hanged in geologi%al !eriods. A#ter ea%h %hange new li#e#or$s ada!ted to lo%al %onditions, be%a$e su%%ess#ul and tookover &radiated(. They were then annihilated by %ata%lys$s likeasteroid i$!a%ts, and a new li#e #or$ took over.

/00 $illion years ago - Ba%teria, roto"oa, 8ungi, Algae00 $illion years ago - Farine *nvertebrates, 8ish, lants00 $illion years ago - *nse%ts, A$!hibians300 $illion years ago -

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6ingle %ells &little things(Fulti!le %ells &bigger things(ots and lots o#

%ells &ani$als, !lants, #ungi(

The #irst things were single %ells, with %yto!las$ and a %ell $e$brane.

Fi%ros%o!i% li#e %a$e ne9t4 things like ba%teria, !lankton, and algae.

Fi%ros%o!i% li#e Jelly#ish 8ish A$!hibians