Life During the 2nd Industrial Revolution. Life for workers in factories People would leave their...
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Transcript of Life During the 2nd Industrial Revolution. Life for workers in factories People would leave their...
Life During the 2nd Industrial Revolution
Life for workers in factories
People would leave their homes to go to work
Each worker is assigned to a task they learn on the job for their industry
Men, Women, and Children worked in factories
No safety regulations in place meant many people hurt while at work
Working Conditions
More than 12 hours of work a day, even for children
Loud noise
Air flow (ventilation) was non-existent Breathing in bad air, with lots of stuff in
it
Poor sanitation- nothing was clean Spread disease and caused nasty issues
with food
Not enough food, or nutritional enough to work 12 hours People were frail and exhausted
Long Hours and Danger
Most industry workers worked 12 or more hours a day, six days a week.
One of the largest employers, the steel mills, often demanded a seven-day workweek.
Employees were not entitled to vacation, sick leave, unemployment compensation, or reimbursement for injuries suffered on the job.
Children during Industrial Revolution
Many children were forced to work in factories Could get underneath machines in order to fix while
it was still on
Some worked in coal mines
No time to play. No time to learn.
A child’s request
We respect our masters, and are willing to work for our support, and that of our
parents, but we want time for more rest, a little play, and to learn to read and write. We
do not think it right that we should know nothing but work and suffering, from
Monday morning to Saturday night, to make others rich. Do, good gentlemen, inquire
carefully on our concern.
Do Now
Based on the working conditions in urban areas during the 2nd Industrial Revolution, what changes would you demand as a worker to improve your experiences?
Workers’ Hardships
Worked in factories considered sweatshops due to conditions
Dangerous work in dangerous conditions poor lighting overheating & poor ventilation deafness due to noise poor training = accidents
Low wages forced everyone in a family to work
Child Labor in factories rather than school Stunted physical & mental growth
Workers’ Hardships
Forced to live in Company Towns Isolated communities Owned by the business & rented to employees
Forced to shop at the Company Store Goods sold on credit with high interest
Workers received pay checks late…most of their money went back to the company to pay for their “groceries”
Leverage arrest workers if quit job before loans were paid.
“Wage Slavery”
Separate towns = increased discrimination & distrust
During the I.R. Today
No legislation on minimum wages
No rights to unionize
No maximum work hours for children
Minimum Wage set at $ 7.25/hour
Unions
Child Labor Laws prohibit children under 14 from working
Comparing today’s work with workers in the Industrial Revolution
Labor Unions Emerge
Exploitation and unsafe working conditions drew workers together across regions in a nationwide labor movement.
Laborers-skilled and unskilled, female and male- joined together in unions to try to improve their working conditions.
Samuel Gompers (1850-1924)
Samuel Gompers was an American labor union leader and a key figure in American labor history.
Gompers founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in Columbus, Ohio (1886).
The American Federation of Labor,-reached written agreements on wages, hours, and working conditions.
American Federation of Labor The American Federation of
Labor used strikes as a major tactic. Also known as collective
bargaining Negotiating as a group for
high wages & better working conditions
Successful strikes helped the A.F.L. win higher wages and shorter workweeks.
Between 1890 and 1915, the average weekly wages in unionized industries rose from $17.50 to $24, and the average workweek fell from almost 54.5 hours to just under 49 hours.
WHAT IS A POLITICAL CARTOON?
A CARTOON DEPICTING A POLITICALLY RELEVANT ISSUE, USUALLY PRINTED IN A
NEWSPAPER
Studying with Political Cartoons
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