Life Cycle Assessment FBSCC - Shonnard_0[1]

8/3/2019 Life Cycle Assessment FBSCC - Shonnard_0[1]

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Life Cycle Assessment of Forest BasedLife Cycle Assessment of Forest Based BiofuelsBiofuels

David R.David R. ShonnardShonnard; Ph.D.; Ph.D.

o ns a r ro essor n us a na yo ns a r ro essor n us a na y

Department of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical Engineering

DirectorDirector: Sustainable Futures Institute: Sustainable Futures Institute

ForestForest BiofuelsBiofuels Statew ide Collaboration Center PresentationStatewide Collaboration Center P resentation

BiomassProcessing

e nes ay, u y ,e nes ay, u y ,

Forest Resources Engines/VehiclesCO2

Biomass FuelsSustainableDecisions


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Mana in the Carbon C cle:Mana in the Carbon C cle:A Sustainable Energy ChallengeA Sustainable Energy ChallengeFrom http://www.bom.gov.au/info/climate/change/gallery/index.shtml

om us on o oss ue s ac s as a ar on ump om us on o oss ue s ac s as a ar on ump


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COCO and Temperature in theand Temperature in theNorthern Hemisphere are RisingNorthern Hemisphere are Rising

National Geographic, September 2004, pg 20, National Geographic Society,

Washington, D.C.


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WoodWood--toto--Wheels (W2W) ConceptWheels (W2W) ConceptResearch Thematic AreasResearch Thematic Areas

SustainabilitAssessments /

Decision-Making

Bio-Processing Research

2

Woody Biomass Resource ResearchVehicle Systems Research


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An Overview of Life Cycle AssessmentAn Overview of Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)

Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA)Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA)

Comparison of ForestComparison of Forest FeedstocksFeedstocks and Powerand Power

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DecisionDecision--making in industry and governmentmaking in industry and government

Strategic planning, investments, product/process designStrategic planning, investments, product/process design

MarketingMarketing

Environmental claim,Environmental claim, ecolabelingecolabeling

Communication with stakeholdersCommunication with stakeholders

Shareholders, regulatory agencies, policy makersShareholders, regulatory agencies, policy makers

Research and DevelopmentResearch and Development Early evaluations of projects, periodic reEarly evaluations of projects, periodic re--evaluationsevaluations

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77

D.T. Allen, University of Texas AustinLife Cycle Assessment: Lesson 1


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Life C cleLife C cleStagesStagesof a Productof a Product

88

. . ,Life Cycle Assessment: Lesson 1


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Life Cycle AssessmentLife Cycle Assessment

International Organization for StandardizationInternational Organization for Standardization ISO 14040: Environmental managementISO 14040: Environmental management LifeLife

cycle assessmentcycle assessment Principles and frameworkPrinciples and framework

ISO 14041:ISO 14041: Goal and scope definition andGoal and scope definition and

inventory analysisinventory analysis

ISO 14042:ISO 14042: Life cycle impact assessmentLife cycle impact assessment

ISO 14043:ISO 14043: Life cycle interpretationLife cycle interpretation

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r nc p es an rameworr nc p es an ramewor

ISO 14040ISO 14040

Key features of the LCA methodologyKey features of the LCA methodology

cope must e rom cra e to grave or pro uctscope must e rom cra e to grave or pro ucts

LCA studies should be transparentLCA studies should be transparent

S ecific re uirements for com arative assertionsS ecific re uirements for com arative assertions

Definition of aDefinition of a functional unitfunctional unit

Goal and scope of the studyGoal and scope of the study

Goal: intended application, audience, reasons for the studyGoal: intended application, audience, reasons for the study

Scope: product system, types of impacts, data qualityScope: product system, types of impacts, data quality

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Functional UnitFunctional Unit

Functional Unit examplesFunctional Unit examples

Incandescent versus fluorescent lampsIncandescent versus fluorescent lamps

at s t e unct onat s t e unct on g t ng o a space over t meg t ng o a space over t me

How many lamps and of what wattage are equivalent?How many lamps and of what wattage are equivalent?

Fossil versus ForestFossil versus Forest--Based Transportation FuelsBased Transportation Fuels

What is the function?What is the function? transport of a vehicle over a distancetransport of a vehicle over a distance

1 MJ of forest based1 MJ of forest based biofuelsbiofuels isis equivalantequivalant to 1 JM of petroleumto 1 JM of petroleumfuelfuel

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ummary o n ro uc onummary o n ro uc on

Motivation for LCA: Reduce environmental impacts ofMotivation for LCA: Reduce environmental impacts of

products over their life cycle.products over their life cycle.

LCA is used for decisionLCA is used for decision--making, communication,making, communication,

marketing, and strategic planningmarketing, and strategic planning ISO 14040ISO 14040--14043 cover all elements of LCA, from14043 cover all elements of LCA, from

planning/execution to methodologies.planning/execution to methodologies.

Setting of goals and scope in LCA studies are amongSetting of goals and scope in LCA studies are amongthe most important elements of an LCAthe most important elements of an LCA

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e yc e nven orye yc e nven ory

ISO 14041ISO 14041

Categories of inventory dataCategories of inventory data

Allocation methodAllocation method

Data quality requirementsData quality requirements

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nventory or et y ene pro uct onnventory or et y ene pro uct on

Life-

Energy

Materials

Energy

Materials

Energy

Materialsyc e

Stages

Crude Oil

Extraction

Naphtha

Refining

Ethylene

Production

Ethylene

Wastes,Emissions

Wastes,Emissions

Wastes,Emissions

Transportation

EnergyMaterials

Transportation

EnergyMaterials

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Wastes,

Emissions

Wastes,

Emissions


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Energy resources (process heating and electricity)Energy resources (process heating and electricity) Oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, hydro, wind, solar, biomassOil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, hydro, wind, solar, biomass

Other raw materialsOther raw materials

Fe, NaCl, water, air, CaCOFe, NaCl, water, air, CaCO33, Ni, Zn, etc., Ni, Zn, etc.

EmissionsEmissions

to air, water, landto air, water, land

Other categoriesOther categories

Land area use (often used in Europe and Japan)Land area use (often used in Europe and Japan)

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Inventor Cate oriesInventor Cate ories(Ethylene Example)(Ethylene Example)Allen and Shonnard, Green Engineering: Environmentally Conscious Design of Chemical Processes, Prentice Hall, 2002

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Boustead, I., Eco-profiles of the European Plastics Industry, Report 1-4,European Center for Plastics in the Environment, Brussels, May 1993.


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Inventor Cate oriesInventor Cate ories(Ethylene Example), cont.(Ethylene Example), cont.Allen and Shonnard, Green Engineering: Environmentally Conscious Design of Chemical Processes, Prentice Hall, 2002

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Inventor Cate oriesInventor Cate ories(Ethylene Example), cont.(Ethylene Example), cont.Allen and Shonnard, Green Engineering: Environmentally Conscious Design of Chemical Processes, Prentice Hall, 2002

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a a qua y requ remen sa a qua y requ remen s

TimeTime--related coverage of data:related coverage of data:

Geographic coverage of data collection:Geographic coverage of data collection:

, , , , , , , ,

Technology coverage of data:Technology coverage of data:

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ummary o e cyc e nven oryummary o e cyc e nven ory

Possibly the most challenging part of LCA.Possibly the most challenging part of LCA. ISO 14041 provides guidelinesISO 14041 provides guidelines

Categories: energy, raw materials, Categories: energy, raw materials,

Commercial software tools are available but the mostCommercial software tools are available but the most

accurate inventories may be generated internally foraccurate inventories may be generated internally for

manufacturers.manufacturers.

TimeTime--related, geographic, and technology coveragerelated, geographic, and technology coverage

of inventory dataof inventory data reduce uncertaintyreduce uncertainty

2020


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ISO 14042ISO 14042

IdentifyIdentifyimpact categories,impact categories,

classifyclassifyinventory elements into impact categories,inventory elements into impact categories, characterizecharacterizeimpacts for each inventory elementimpacts for each inventory element

Optional features of LCIAOptional features of LCIA

normalizationnormalization

valuationvaluation

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Global warmingGlobal warming

Stratospheric ozone depletionStratospheric ozone depletion

mog orma onmog orma on 33AcidificationAcidification

Ecosytem healthEcosytem health

Eutro hicationEutro hication

BiodiversityBiodiversity

Resource depletionResource depletion

2222


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Classify Inventory ElementsClassify Inventory Elementsinto Categoriesinto Categories

Inventory ElementsInventory Elements Impact CategoriesImpact Categories

22 m ss onsm ss ons ---------------------------------------------------------------------- o a arm ngo a arm ng

NONO33-- in Wastewaterin Wastewater ------------------------ Human Health,Human Health, EutrophicationEutrophication

------------------------------------------------ ,,

CFCs EmissionsCFCs Emissions -------------------------- Global Warming, Ozone DepletionGlobal Warming, Ozone Depletion

------------------------------------------ ,,

Water UseWater Use ------------------------------------------------ Resource Depletion, Land UseResource Depletion, Land Use

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Energy

a e r a s

Energy

a e r a s

Energy

a e r a s

Energy

a e r a sLife-

CycleStages

RawMaterials

Extraction

ChemicalProcessing

ProductManufacturing

Use, Reuse,Disposal

Wastes Wastes Wastes Wastes

PollutionControl

PollutionControl

globalwarming

ozonedepletion

smogformation

acidifi-cation

ecologicalharm

Human healthand ecosystem

Midpoints

2424

amageEndpoint


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OzoneOzone

PotentialPotential

2525

Appendix D in:Allen and Shonnard, Green Engineering: Environmentally Conscious Design of Chemical Processes, Prentice Hall, 2002


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BI = infrared radiation absorbance band intensity

2626



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Appendix D in:

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Allen and Shonnard, Green Engineering: Environmentally Conscious Design of Chemical Processes, Prentice Hall, 2002


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2828



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Lethal dose or concentrationsLethal dose or concentrations Acute exposureAcute exposure

Reference concentrationsReference concentrations Chronic exposureChronic exposure

Regulatory limitsRegulatory limits HealthHealth--based standardsbased standards

RR--PhrasesPhrases European health categoriesEuropean health categories

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Allen and Shonnard, Green Engineering: Environmentally Conscious Design of Chemical Processes, Prentice Hall, 2002


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Summary ofSummary ofLife Cycle Impact AssessmentLife Cycle Impact Assessment

ISO 14042 provides guidelinesISO 14042 provides guidelines

IdentifyIdentifycategories of environmental impacts,categories of environmental impacts, classifyclassify

pollutants into categories,pollutants into categories, characterizecharacterizepotency ofpotency of

pollutants for impact categories.pollutants for impact categories. Relative riskRelative riskcalculation using emission estimation,calculation using emission estimation,

environmental fate modeling, and impact potency.environmental fate modeling, and impact potency.

Commercial software tools are available (the sameCommercial software tools are available (the same

tools as shown in the inventory section).tools as shown in the inventory section).

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Motivation for LCA: Reduce environmental impacts ofMotivation for LCA: Reduce environmental impacts of

products over their life cycle.products over their life cycle.

LCA is used for decisionLCA is used for decision--making, communication,making, communication,

marketing, and strategic planningmarketing, and strategic planning ISO 14040ISO 14040--14043 cover all elements of LCA, from14043 cover all elements of LCA, from

planning/execution to methodologies.planning/execution to methodologies.

Software tools are available to aid in LCA studiesSoftware tools are available to aid in LCA studies

Demo version ofDemo version of SimaProSimaPro 7.2 is useful introduction.7.2 is useful introduction.

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Potential CellulosicPotential Cellulosic FeedstocksFeedstocksin the Upper Midwestin the Upper Midwest

Hardwoods

Bi

Forest Products Softwoods

Residues

r

BioPower

Residues

Energy

Grasses

Crops

Hybrid Willow


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Harvest residues: 4-10 dry tac-1

from a single harvest, perhaps 0.5dry tac-1yr-1, with no inputs

Mill Residues: production dependson mill capacity and production

efficiency

Other removals: 5-25 dry tac-1 froma thinning treatment, with no inputs

Roundwood to Chips: more than4 dry tac-1yr-1 in Aspen,

perpetua y an w t no nputs

Dr. Robert Froese, School of Forest Resources and Environmental Sciences, Michigan Tech


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Hybrid Poplar: 4-10 dry tac-1yr-1 on

a 10-year rotation starting frombare land

Low-Intensity, High-Diversityperennials: 2-4 dry tac-1yr-1

perpetually with low inputs

Hybrid Willow: 3-14 dry tac-1yr-1 ona 3-year cycle for a 21 year rotation

starting from bare land

Switchgrass monoculture: 4-10dry tac-1yr-1 in a single fall

,from bare land

Dr. Robert Froese, School of Forest Resources and Environmental Sciences, Michigan Tech


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Rapid Thermal ProcessingRapid Thermal ProcessingRTPRTP TMTM TechnologyTechnology

Pyrolysis Oil

Solid Biomass

plus

Commercially Proven Patented Technology ENV 5233-04


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RTPRTPTMTM Product YieldsProduct Yields

Feed, wt%

400 BDMTPD of Hardwood Whitewood

Hardwood Whitewood 100

Typical Product Yields,wt% Dry Feed Biomass

Typical PyrolysisOil Yield, wt% of

Yie s For Various Fee s

Pyrolysis Oil 70

By-Product Vapor 15

Char 15

Hardwood 70 75

Softwood 70 80

Softwood Bark 55 65

Corn Fiber 65 75

agasse

Waste Paper 60 80

Cellulosic Feedstock Flexible

With High Y ields of Pyrolysis Oil ENV 5233-06


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oura e an ranspor a e qu ue

High oxygenate content Contains 55-60% the energy content of crude-based fuel oils

As produced, can be corrosive

Comparison of Heating Value of Pyrolysis OilComparison of Heating Value of Pyrolysis Oil

and Typical Fuelsand Typical Fuels

Fuel MJ / Litre BTU / US Gallon

Methanol 17.5 62,500

. ,

Pyrolysis Oil (Bark) 22.7 81,500

Ethanol 23.5 84,000

Suitable for Energy Applications

g t ue ese . ,

ENV 5233-07


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Life Cycle Pathway DiagramsLife Cycle Pathway Diagrams

Power from CoPower from Co--firingfiringPlant (PyOil loggingPlant (PyOil logging

residue)residue)

Power from ParasiticPower from ParasiticPlant (PyOil SRF)Plant (PyOil SRF)

Power from CoPower from Co--firingfiringPlant (PyOil SRF)Plant (PyOil SRF)

Power from ParasiticPower from ParasiticPlant (PyOil loggingPlant (PyOil logging

residue)residue)

LoggingResidue

WoodLogging

Logging

SRFFarming

LoggingResidue

WoodLogging

Logging

SRFFarming

Logging

Residue

ResidueCollection

SRFTransport

Logging

Residue

ResidueCollection

SRFTransport

Production

PyOil

PyOilProduction

Production

PyOil

PyOilProduction

100km

PyOil

Combustionin Power

Plant

PyOilCombustionin Power

Plant

PyOilCombustion inPower Plant

PyOilCombustion inPower Plant

100km

ENV 5233-12

Electricity

ElectricityElectricity


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Feedstock Cultivation andFeedstock Cultivation and

Residue SRF Crops

Logging Willow Poplar

GHG Contribution by P rocessGHG Contribution by P rocessLogging ResidueLogging Residue

Total of all Processes

Combustion of Dieselmass

mass 0.030.03

0.0250.025

Biomass Yield

odt/ha/yr 0.62 11.95 13.50

GHG

Diesel, Low-sulphur

Building Machinery

gCO

gCO22eq/kgBi

eq/kgBi

0.020.02

0.0150.015

0.010.01

0.0050.005kg CO2-eq/kg Biomass 0.027 0.032 0.053

kk

00Reis and Shonnard, 2007Reis and Shonnard, 2007

WillowWil low

GHG Contribution by ProcessGHG Contribution by ProcessHybrid/PoplarHybrid/Poplar

Total of all ProcessesTotal of all Processes

Ammonium NitrateAmmonium Nitrate

COCO22 Emissions from Diesel CombustionEmissions from Diesel Combustionmass

0.050

0.045

0.040

Total of all ProcessesTotal of all Processes

NN22O Emissions from N Fertilizer UseO Emissions from N Fertilizer Use

COCO 22 Emissions from Diesel CombustionEmissions from Diesel Combustion

Ammonium Sulfate, as N, at RegionalAmmonium Sulfate, as N, at Regionalomass

0.035

0.03

NN22O Emissions from N Fertilizer UseO Emissions from N Fertilizer Use

Single Superphosphate, as P205Single Superphosphate, as P205Diesel, LowDiesel, Low--sulfursulfur

OtherOther

gCO2eq/kg

Bi

0.0300.025

0.015

0.035

0.020

Storehouse/ RER SStorehouse/ RER S

Diesel, LowDiesel, Low--sulphur, at Regionalsulphur, at Regionalstorage/ RER Sstorage/ RER S

COCO 22 from Heavy Fuel Oil Combustionfrom Heavy Fuel Oil Combustion

OtherOther

gCO2eq/kg

Bi

0.02

0.01

.

0.015

k 0.010

0.005

0.000

0.005

0.000

ENV 5233-13Heller et al., 2003 Gasol et al., 2008Gasol et al., 2008


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PyrolysisPyrolysis Oil ProductionOil Production

gCO2 eq /MJ Logging Residue

Willow

Poplar

Waste

Biomass Cultivationand Harvesting

2.08 2.41 4.0 0

Biomass Transportation 3.84 0.87 0.82 0

Pyrolysis 8.59 8.59 8.59 8.59

. . . .

rcircle= (Wright et. al. 2008)2

F

* *

: the tortuosity factor of the road (1.5)f : fraction of land devoted to biomass cro s 0.1

* *

ENV 5233-14

F: feedstock biomass required (400*365 metric tons / acre / yr)Y: yield of biomass (metric tons / acre / yr)


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Sensitivit Anal sis of Trans ortation:Sensitivit Anal sis of Trans ortation:f Value (Fraction of Land in Cultivation)f Value (Fraction of Land in Cultivation)

Transportat ion Distance vs. fTransportat ion Distance vs. f

f=0.03 f=0.1 f=0.3 f=0.6 f=0.9

rcircle(miles)Poplar

20.05 10.98 6.34 4.48 3.66 PyOil GHG Emissions vs fPyOil GHG Emissions vs f20

circle

(miles)Willow

21.34 11.69 6.75 4.77 3.90

rcircle

(miles)

93.74 51.34 29.64 20.96 17.11

14

16

18

MJ

8

10

gCO2eq/

2

4

PyOil fromPoplarPyOil fromResiduePyOil fromWillowPyOil fromWaste

f=0.03 f=0.1 f=0.3 f=0.6 f=0.9


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Sensitivity Analyses of Power SourceSensitivity Analyses of Power Source

..SystemSystem

12

14

16

Pyrolysis

Feedstock

Trans ortation

6

8

10

gCO2eq/MJ

Feedstock

Cultivation/Harvesting

2

4

Oilfrom

Poplar

plar(Par

asitic)

ilfromResid

ue

due(Pa

rasit

ic)

ilfromWillo

w

llow(Pa

rasitic)

Oilfrom

Waste

aste

(Parasitic)

P

PyOilfrom

P Py

Py

Oilfrom

Re Py

P

yOilfrom

PPy

Oilfrom

P l iP l i Oil (Oil ( i i ) F il F li i ) F il F l


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PyrolysisPyrolysis Oil (nonOil (non--parasitic) vs. Fossil Fuelparasitic) vs. Fossil Fuel

Pyrolysis Oil Production foot print100

120

Life CycleLife Cycles m ar o o er energy a erna ves

Assumed biomass transport distances 200 km for logging residues

40

60

80

gCO2eq/MJ GHG EmissionsGHG Emissions

throughthroughproductionproduction

0

20

PetroleumCrude Oil

HardCoal

NaturalGas

CanadianOil Sands

Crude Oil

PyOilfrom

LoggingResidues

PyOilfrom

Willow

PyOilfrom

Poplar

Pyrolysis Oil Life Cyclefoot print100

120

Life CycleLife Cyclereener an o er a erna ves

70-88% lower GHG emissions

SOx emissions similar to Natural Gas40

60

80

gCO2eq/MJ m ss onsm ss ons

throughthroughcombustioncombustion

ENV 5233-15

0

20

Petroleum

Fuel Oil

Hard

Coal

Natural

Gas

PyOil

fromLoggingResidues

PyOil

fromWillow

PyOil

fromPoplar


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LCA Results forLCA Results for PyrolysisPyrolysis Oil to PowerOil to Power

400 BDMTPD400 BDMTPD

Multiple Scenarios EvaluatedMultiple Scenarios Evaluated

Co-firing Cases (lowest capital) Fuel Oil Power Plant

Coal Power Plant

Natural Gas Power Plant

Gas Turbine Combined Cycle (GTCC) with heat recovery

Distributed Diesel Generator located at site

omparison to Direct Biomass om ustion B Dedicated facility at 18% efficiency (existing BC1)

Dedicated facilit at 25% efficienc modern BC2


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PyrolysisPyrolysis Oil CoOil Co--fired in Coal Power Plantfired in Coal Power Plant

,,

US CoalUS Coal

12001200

PyOi Com ustionPyOi Com ustion

PyOil Transportation (100km)PyOil Transportation (100km)

PyrolysisPyrolysis

Feedstock Transportat ionFeedstock Transportat ion

10001000

800800kWh

kWh

Feedstock Cultivation/ HarvestingFeedstock Cultivation/ Harvesting

600600

g

CO

g

CO22eqeq//

400400

200200

PyOilPyOilSubstitutionSubstitutionCoal (poplar)Coal (poplar)

PyOilPyOilSubstitutionSubstitution

Coal (residue)Coal (residue)

PyOilPyOilSubstitutionSubstitutionCoal (waste)Coal (waste)

PyOilPyOilSubstitutionSubstitutionCoal (wil low )Coal (wil low )

US CoalUS Coal00

84.7%84.7% 83.5%83.5% 89.8%89.8%GHG SavingsGHG Savings 86.3%86.3%

Ad d P G ti S hAd d P G ti S h 11


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Advanced Power Generation SchemeAdvanced Power Generation Scheme --11

(9.62MW, 42.9% efficiency, net efficiency 39%)(9.62MW, 42.9% efficiency, net efficiency 39%)12001200

oaoa

PyOilPyOi l CombustionCombustion

PyrolysisPyrolysis


10001000

hh

ee s oc u va on arves ngee s oc u va on arves ng

600600

OO22eqeq/k/k

gCgC

400400

200200

PyOilPyOil PyOilPyOil PyOilPyOil PyOilPyOil US CoalUS Coal00

95.5%95.5% 95.5%95.5% 99.6%99.6% 96.9%96.9%GHG SavingsGHG Savings


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Advanced Power Generation SchemeAdvanced Power Generation Scheme -- 22

(5MW at site, 45% efficiency, net efficiency 40.9%)(5MW at site, 45% efficiency, net efficiency 40.9%)12001200

US CoalUS Coal

PyOilPyOi l CombustionCombustion

PyrolysisPyrolysis


10001000

hh

Feedstock Cultivation/ HarvestingFeedstock Cultivation/ Harvesting

600600

OO

22eqeq/k/k

gg400400

PyOilPyOil PyOilPyOil PyOilPyOil PyOilPyOil US CoalUS Coal00

95.8%95.8% 96.3%96.3% 99.6%99.6% 97.2%97.2%GHG SavingsGHG Savings


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Comparisons of LCComparisons of LC--GHG EmissionsGHG Emissions

180

w rec omass om us onw rec omass om us on

Low Capex Pyrolysis Oil CoLow Capex Pyrolysis Oil Co--firingfiring

120

140

160 Poplar

Residue

80

100

C

O2eq/kW Direct CombustionDirect Combustion

AdvancedAdvancedPower FacilityPower Facility

20

40

60g

0

BC1 BC2 Coal co-

fire 33%

Coal co-

fire 37%

NG co-

fire 42%

NG co-

fire 58%

PyOil

GTCC

Py Oil

Diesel5-10 MW scale

en.

BC1= existing combustion/ steam turbine unit at 18% efficiency

BC2= modern combustion/ steam turbine at 25% efficiency


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There is a variety of forest resources that can be convertedThere is a variety of forest resources that can be converted

toto pyrolysispyrolysis biobio--oil using RTPoil using RTPTMTM process technologyprocess technology PyrolysisPyrolysis biobio--oil can be utilized by a wider spectrum of poweroil can be utilized by a wider spectrum of power

generation technologies compared to biomass combustiongeneration technologies compared to biomass combustion

Biomass combustion: limited to coBiomass combustion: limited to co--firing with coalfiring with coal

P rol sisP rol sis biobio--oil: com atible with NG coal and oil s stemsoil: com atible with NG coal and oil s stems

Greenhouse gas emissions ofGreenhouse gas emissions of pyrolysispyrolysis biobio--oil electricityoil electricity

GHG impacts of RTPGHG impacts of RTPTMTM pyrolysispyrolysis oil production ~ fossil fuelsoil production ~ fossil fuels

aras caras c pyro ys spyro ys s o pro uc on re uces y ~o pro uc on re uces y ~

Savings of GHG emissions of between 76Savings of GHG emissions of between 76 99% is achieved for99% is achieved forpyrolysispyrolysis oil electricity compared to US Grid electricityoil electricity compared to US Grid electricity

g e c ency app ca ons org e c ency app ca ons or pyro ys spyro ys s o e ec r c y are moreo e ec r c y are morefavorable compared to direct biomass combustion electricityfavorable compared to direct biomass combustion electricity


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This material is based upon work supported by the Department ofEnergy under award number DEEE0000280.

Disclaimer:

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency ofthe United States Government. Neither the United States Government norany agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty,express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for theaccuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus,

, ,privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product,or service by trade name, trademark, manufactured, or otherwise does notnecessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoringy t e Unite States Government or any agency t ereo . T e views an

opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect thoseof the United States Government or any agency thereof.


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Questions?Questions?

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