Hurley 07 Focal Points- Framing Material Culture and Visual Data
Life and the Bomb: Framing early issue culture
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Transcript of Life and the Bomb: Framing early issue culture
7/23/2019 Life and the Bomb: Framing early issue culture
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/life-and-the-bomb-framing-early-issue-culture 1/22
Mklg Fymkkrb
NUEN 254
;<):);<
Hgjc kfb t`c Linl?
Jrkngfm ckrhy gssuc euhturc
‘Nkmkzgfcs kfb fcwspkpcrs fi hifmcr eifvcy ‘gfjirnktgif„ lut ijjcr wkys ij sccgfm t`gfms&&&
Hgjc gs titkhhy kbvcrtgscncfts? gts krtgehcs pkeakmc kfb schh cnitgifs kfb gbcks oust ks gts pkgb kbs
schh einnibgtgcs„ (Ekrpcftcr <4;; p& <53'&
7/23/2019 Life and the Bomb: Framing early issue culture
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/life-and-the-bomb-framing-early-issue-culture 2/22
Gftribuetgif? Gf t`cgr `cybky lcjirc tchcvgsgif hkrmchy usurpcb t`gs rihc fcwsnkmkzgfcs
wcrc k prgnkry siurec ij euhturc kfb tiih ly w`ge` t`c Kncrgekf pulhge nkbc scfsc ij t`c wirhb&
@cfry Huec lceknc afiwf ks ‘R`c Hirb ij t`c Trcss„ jir `gs wgbchy.rckb pcrgibgekhs gf t`gs
ektcmiry gfehubgfm t`c nkmkzgfcs Rgnc kfb gnkmc.ecftrge Hgjc& Gf w`kt lceknc t`c prititypc
jir t`c mcfrc Huec’s fcwswrgtgfm jirnuhk ‘ehcvcrhy Qsunnkrgzcb^ t`c wcca’s fcws gf prgft ir
pgeturcs gf wkys t`kt hcjt rckbcrs wgt` k eifegsc cftcrtkgfgfm kfb jrcqucfthy gfkbcquktc vcrsgif
ij kf cvcft ir trcfb„ (Jchhiw <4;< p& ;7<'& R`csc pulhgektgifs skvcb rckbcrs tgnc ly privgbgfm
prc.bgmcstcb gfjirnktgif gf kf gfercksgfmhy einphcx wirhb ke`gcvgfm kfb sustkgfgfm `umc
egreuhktgifs gfti t`c ’24s&
Ui gt eknc ti lc t`kt fcwsnkmkzgfcs ncbgktcb t`c einphgektcb gssucs ij ]]GG jir t`cgr
nkss kubgcfecs& Mknsif kfb Nibgmhgkfg (;707' rceimfgzc bgseiursc gf t`csc mcfcrkh kubgcfec
ncbgk ks k bingfkft jirec gf gssuc euhturc ‘lit` rcjhcetgfm gt kfb eiftrglutgfm ti gts ercktgif„ (p&
5'& Lcekusc t`c ncbgk’s rihc ,gs lchgcvcb ti lc si ecftrkh gf jrkngfm gssucs jir t`c kttcftgvc
pulhge t`cy krc … ‖k sgtc if w`ge` vkrgius siegkh mriups gfstgtutgifs kfb gbcihimgcs strummhc
ivcr t`c bcjgfgtgif kfb eifstruetgif ij siegkh rckhgty’, (p& 5'& R`c gnpirtkfec ij ncbgk bgseiursc
gf bcjgfgfm kf gssuc gs t`cirgzcb gf t`c ncbgk.bcpcfbcfey `ypit`csgs ti bcpcfb ‘if `iw rckbghy
kvkghklhc nckfgfm.mcfcrktgfm cxpcrgcfecs krc gf pciphc-s cvcrybky hgvcs1„ w`ghc t`c pulhge nky
`kvc sujjgegcft cxpcrgcfec ly w`ge` ti oubmc ecrtkgf gssucs bgmcst ncbgk.mcfcrktcb gnkmcs kfb
ercktc nckfgfm if it`crs t`cy nky `kvc hgtthc ir fi lkeamriufb puttgfm t`c tksa ij
gftcrprctktgif nirc juhhy if t`c ncbgk’s s`iuhbcrs kfb kbbgfm wcgm`t ti gts rcfbcrgfm (p& 7'&
Gf t`c eksc ij t`c ktinge linlgfms ij @gris`gnk kfb Fkmkskag gf Kumust ;723
Kncrgekfs’ ufjknghgkr gty wgt` t`c gssuc kfb rcnivcb fkturc jrin t`c cvcfts wiuhb t`us knphgjy
t`c gnpirtkfec ij ncbgk bgseiursc gf s`kpgfm t`c gssuc euhturc& Kfb yct kht`ium` t`c pulhge `kb
7/23/2019 Life and the Bomb: Framing early issue culture
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/life-and-the-bomb-framing-early-issue-culture 3/22
hgtthc ufbcrstkfbgfm ij ir rchktgifs`gp ti ktinge linls lcjirc`kfb ,wgt`gf bkys ij @gris`gnk gt
wks ehkgncb t`kt fuehckr wckpifs pcrncktcb ‖cvcry kspcet ij nkf-s ketgvgtgcs jrin nke`gfcs ti
nirkhs jrin p`ysges ti p`ghisip`y jrin pihgtges ti pictry’, (Jkrrchh ;77; p& ;30'&
Fcwsnkmkzgfcs khrckby gf t`c lusgfcss ij gftcrprctgfm t`c wirhb jir rckbcrs rcketcb
gnncbgktchy ti `chp Kncrgekfs mrksp t`c cncrmgfm ktinge kmc ‘kequkgftgfm pciphc wgt` k fcw
tce`fihimy wgt` w`ge` t`cy `kb fi pcrsifkh cxpcrgcfec… t`cy privgbcb…nctkp`irs kfb
fkrrktgvcs w`ge` ngm`t `chp rckbcrs ti gftcrprct t`c jrgm`tcfgfm kfb pringsgfm fcw p`cfincfif„
(vkf Hcftc <4;< p& 3'& Sfbcr sue` nifuncftkh prcssurc w`kt s`kpc bgb t`csc fkrrktgvcs tkac9
Fuehckr gssucs kfb t`c linl eiftgfuc ti lc krcks ij eiftcftgif kfb t`cgr bcvchipncftkh
stkmcs ncrgt cxkngfktgif gfehubgfm cxphirktgif ij ckrhy rcprcscftktgifs ij @gris`gnk kfb
Fkmkskag kfb t`cgr pripkmktirs& Knifm t`csc ‘Tcr`kps t`c nist gnpirtkft prgft ncbgun
t`rium` w`ge` t`c Kncrgekf pciphc jirncb t`cgr gfgtgkh gnprcssgifs ij t`c ktinge linl wks
@cfry Huec’s nkmkzgfc Hgj c wgt` gts jgvc nghhgif. phus egreuhktgif„ (Liycr ;703 p& 0'&
\csckre` qucstgif? @iw wcrc t`c ktinge linlgfms ij @gris`gnk kfb Fkmkskag jrkncb gf
Hgjc nkmkzgfc gf t`c jgrst yckr kjtcrwkrbs (Kumust ;723.;72:'1 w`kt prcvkghgfm fkrrktgvcs
cncrmcb ti s`kpc t`gs fcw gssuc euhturc9
Hgtcrkturc rcvgcw? Liycr’s liia (;703' cxkngfcs khh kspcets ij t`c euhturc ij t`c ckrhy
ktinge kmc pgfpigftgfm t`c brippgfm ij t`c linl ks t`c hiektgif ij k nincftius s`gjt kfb
cxkngfgfm `iw pulhgektgifs gfehubgfm Hgjc prcscftcb gt mgvgfm pkrtgeuhkr kttcftgif ti t`c Kumust
<4 ;723 gssuc ij Hgjc&
Hgacwgsc Hgjtif kfb Ngte`chh’s liia (;773' privgbcs kf gf.bcpt` bgseussgif ij ckrhy
ncbgk eivcrkmc ij @gris`gnk gfehubgfm t`c fkturc ij eivcrkmc t`cncs kfb hkrmcr eiftcxt sue`
7/23/2019 Life and the Bomb: Framing early issue culture
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ks eifeurrcft mivcrfncft ufbcrtkagfms& R`csc liias s`cb hgm`t if prcvkghgfm jrkncs ks wchh ks
t`c hkfbsekpc Hgjc wks sgtuktcb gf&
Jkrrchh’s krtgehc (;773' kfb rcvgcw (;77;' cxkngfc `iw t`c linl wks nkbc
einnifphkec kfb kssgnghktcb gfti hgjc kjtcr @gris`gnk scrvcb ks gts bclut hkrmchy buc ti ijjgegkh
cjjirts& R`c qukhgtgcs ij t`csc fkrrktgvcs krc cxphircb kfb t`c sueecss ij Rrunkf kfb it`crs gf
pus`gfm t`cgr prcjcrrcb jrkncs (t`c ijjgegkh fkrrktgvc' gs bcnifstrktcb gf fitgfm t`c ncbgk’s
kbiptgif ij t`cn kfb t`cgr mcfcrkh infgprcscfec gf bgseiursc& Utrktcmgcs uscb ly Rrunkf’s tckn
ti kbvkfec t`gs gfehubcb usgfm ‘t`c eifvcftgifkh hkfmukmc ij wkr kfb k eifvcftgifkh strktcmy ij
eifsunptgifgsn„ (;773 p& <7'& Jkrrchh fitcs `iw qugeahy t`c linl wks klsirlcb gfti hgjc kfb
nkbc einnif scfsc ij& Rcstkncft ti t`gs t`csc jrkncs ekf lc sccf gf Hgjc&
Mknsif kfb Nibgmhgkfg’s se`ihkrhy krtgehc (;707' cxphircs t`c rchktgifs`gp lctwccf
pulhge ipgfgif kfb ncbgk bgseiursc if fuehckr gssucs gfehubgfm fcwsnkmkzgfc keeiufts jrin
;723 jirwkrb& Kttcstgfm ti t`c sgmfgjgekfec ij Hgjc’s eiftcft t`c kut`irs ksscrt t`kt sgfec mcfcrkh
kubgcfec ncbgk ‘eifstkfthy nkac kvkghklhc summcstcb nckfgfms kfb krc t`c nist keecssglhc gf k
ncbgk.skturktcb siegcty sue` ks t`c Sfgtcb Utktcs t`cgr eiftcft ekf lc uscb ks t`c nist
gnpirtkft gfbgektir ij t`c mcfcrkh gssuc euhturc„ (p& 5'& R`gs euhturc t`cy sky gs t`c euhngfktgif
ij euhturkh rcsifkfecs spifsir ketgvgtgcs kfb ncbgk prketgecs (p& 3'& R`c gfjhucfec ij t`csc
bctcrngfkfts gs pkhpklhc gf Hgjc& Gf tcrns ij @gris`gnk eivcrkmc Mknsif kfb Nibgmhgkfg fitc
t`c t`cnc ij bukhgsn ncbgk gfstkhhcb gf t`c euhturc k prgnkry jrknc cnphiycb gf Hgjc&
Ni`kf (<44=' nkacs t`c krmuncft t`kt ‘t`c ncbgk `chpcb put gf phkec k fkrrktgvc t`kt
hcmgtgngzcb t`c usc ij fuehckr wckpifs kfb klsirlcb t`c linl gfti Kncrgekf hgjc„ ly ‘keecptgfm
mivcrfncft eiftrih ij gfjirnktgif kliut ktinge piwcr …nkrmgfkhgzgfm t`c egvghgkf vgetgns
ilseurgfm t`c jket t`kt Trcsgbcft Rrunkf eiuhb `kvc kvigbcb t`c linl gf jiregfm Okpkf’s
7/23/2019 Life and the Bomb: Framing early issue culture
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surrcfbcr„ kfb it`crwgsc firnkhgzgfm fuehckr wckpifs (pkrkmrkp` 5'& R`csc pigfts rcsifktc
wgt` t`cncs rceimfgzcb gf eivcrkmc ly it`cr se`ihkrs kfb `kvc lccf eifsgbcrcb burgfm kfkhysgs
kfb ks k rcsuht jiufb ti lc qukhgtgcs ij Hgjc’s eivcrkmc&
Rkftcr (<443' gbcftgjgcs t`rcc acy prgfegphcs gf ckrhy ijjgegkhhy skfetgifcb Kncrgekf
eivcrkmc ij t`c fuehckr linlgfm? t`kt ‘t`c linls wcrc k oust kfb fcecsskry eiftrglutgif ti
wirhb pckec1„ ‘t`c nist gnpirtkft qukhgty ij t`c linls ti lc cnp`ksgzcb wks t`cgr p`ysgekh
piwcr1„ kfb ‘t`c `unkf eifscqucfecs wcrc ti lc eifecbcb si jkr ks wks fcecsskry ti cstklhgs`
t`c ehkgn ij tce`fihimgekh infgpitcfec lut wcrc it`crwgsc ti lc gmfircb ir supprcsscb&„ Rkftcr
skys t`kt k S&U& fkrrktgvc kttcnptgfm ti oustgjy t`c linl wks pcrvksgvc ckrhy if kfb suppirtgfm
t`gs ehkgn t`csc t`rcc t`cncs krc sccf vgk t`c jihhiwgfm rcsckre` ti lc cx`glgtcb gf Hgjc&
Rkyhir (;77=' cxphircs t`c pgeturcs pulhgegzcb ti einnufgektc t`c fuehckr kmc ksscrtgfm
t`kt rkbgktcb libgcs wcrc ‘bgskppckrcb„ ir ‘cxphkgfcb„ kwky gf bingfkft nghgtkrgstge kfb
fktgifkhgstge gftcrcsts’ kttcnpt ti kvigb t`c kfxgctgcs kfb nirkh ufecrtkgftgcs sue` bcpgetgifs
priviac& R`gs krmuncft ce`igfm t`c tcfir ij t`c it`cr siurecs ekf lc skgb ti keeiuft jir t`c
hkea ij `unkf eiftcft gf Hgjc&
Zkf Hcftc’s liia (<4;<' bgseusscs `iw pipuhkr ncbgk lrium`t ufbcrstkfbgfm kfb
gfjirnktgif ij t`c fuehckr kmc ti t`c pulhge gfehubgfm vgk Hgjc gf pkrtgeuhkr& @iwcvcr ifhy
pkmcs ;.;4 wcrc keecssglhc jir t`gs pkpcr& Fifct`chcss vkf Hcftc’s ksscrtgifs t`crcgf krc
rchcvkft ti t`gs rcsckre` tipge kfb gfehubc bcjgfgtgif ij t`c gnpirtkft rihc ij pipuhkr pcrgibgekhs
gf siegcty kfb t`c nkoir jrkncs cnphiycb ly t`cn gf rcmkrbs ti t`c ktinge linl& Zkf Hcftc
krmucs t`kt fit ifhy gs k jrknc ij bukhgsn uscb gf t`gs eksc kfb ly Hgjc lut gf khh fkrrktgvcs&
Wkvcfbgttg’s krtgehc (;7=2' jieuscs if rcecptgif ij Oi`f @crscy’s ‘@gris`gnk„ lut khsi
tiue`cs if fkrrktgvcs wgt`gf ckrhy ncbgk eivcrkmc ij @gris`gnk kfb Fkmkskag gfehubgfm
7/23/2019 Life and the Bomb: Framing early issue culture
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p`itimrkp`s& Wkvcfbgttg ehkgns gfehubc t`kt p`itimrkp`s bgb fit bgstgfmugs` ktinge linlgfms
jrin it`cr typcs firnkhgzgfm t`c bcstruetgif kfb t`cgr cxgstcfec ks wchh ks t`kt t`c ijjgegkh
fkrrktgvc trcktcb segcftgsts ks kut`irgtgcs lit` sgtuktgifs w`ge` krc cvgbcft gf Hgjc&
Uupphcncftkry wcrc tcxtliia cftrgcs jrin Ekrpcftcr (<4;;' Jchhiw (<4;<' kfb Mrklcr
(<4;4' w`ge` privgbcb rchcvkft `gstirgekh eiftcxt kfb tcrn bcjgfgtgifs&
Nct`ibihimy? @gstirgekh bieuncft kfkhysgs wks ekrrgcb iut if t`c nkss egreuhktgif Hgjc
nkmkzgfc& R`gs wccahy pipuhkr pcrgibgekh bchgvcrcb Kncrgekfs t`c fcws gfehubgfm cxtcfsgvc
wkr eivcrkmc wgt` k strifm cnp`ksgs if p`itioiurfkhgsn& @gstirgekh gssucs ij Hgjc krc vgcwklhc
gf t`cgr cftgrcty ifhgfc vgk Miimhc Liias& Gssucs ij Hgjc jrin t`c spcegjgcb tgnc pcrgib (Kumust
;723.:' eiftkgfgfm sgmfgjgekft eiftcft pcrtkgfgfm cxphgegthy ti @gris`gnk kfb)ir Fkmkskag
spcegjgekhhy (ks ippiscb ti nirc mcfcrkh fuehckr wkr S&U&.Okpkf gssucs cte&' `kvc lccf
kfkhyzcb gf k qukhgtktgvc kfb gftcrprctktgvc nkffcr kfb supphcncftcb ly sceifbkry rcsckre`
jgfbgfms& ]gt`gf t`c nkmkzgfc w`kt gs pgeturcb kfb w`kt gnprcssgifs krc mgvcf ly t`csc gnkmcs
ks wchh ks w`kt gs wrgttcf kfb t`c eiffitktgifs ij t`c wirbs gs eifsgbcrcb& R`cncs fkrrktgvcs
kfb jrkncs gf t`c ncbgk bgseiursc kfb prinitcb ly gftcrcst mriups (g&c& mivcrfncft kfb t`c
‘ijjgegkh fkrrktgvc„' ks keeirbgfm ti sceifbkry siurecs krc eriss.rcjcrcfecb kfb einpkrcb ti
t`isc jiufb gf Hgjc ti ufbcrstkfb `iw t`c gssuc wks ekpturcb kfb prcscftcb ti t`c pulhge&
Irgmgfkh rcsckre`? Jihhiwgfm gs k e`rifihimgekh sunnkry ij t`c eiftcft kfb e`krketcrgstges ij t`c
nist pringfcft eivcrkmc ij @gris`gnk kfb Fkmkskag kppckrgfm gf Hgjc jrin Kumust ;723 ti
Kumust ;72: ly gssuc&
Kumust <4( ;723 bcvitcs k hkrmc kniuft ij spkec ti eivcrkmc ij t`c cvcfts gf @gris`gnk kfb
Fkmkskag& Gf ‘]kr’s Cfbgfm„ stkrtgfm if pkmc <3 gftcrcstgfmhy t`c jgrst gnkmc s`iwf gs k
rckhgstge brkwgfm w`ge` Hgjc skys ‘s`iws nirc mrkp`gekhhy t`kf kcrgkh p`itimr kp`s cjjcet ij
7/23/2019 Life and the Bomb: Framing early issue culture
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ktinge linl `gt if @gris`gnk sniac lghhiws 24444 jcct&„ R`c rcst ij t`c p`itimrkp`s s`iw
ifhy ehiubs ij sniac kfb kf kcrgkh ‘lcjirc.kjtcr„ einpkrgsif ij @gris`gnk w`ghc t`c kttke`cb
krtgehc cxphkgfs gf nghb tcrns t`c eifbgtgifs ij surrcfbcr& Lrgcj bcsergptgifs ij t`c brip bcserglc
gt ks khtcrfktchy tcrrglhc kfb tcrrgjge trcncfbius kfb umhy mgvgfm nirc cxphkfktgif ti t`c jhks`cs
ij hgm`t kfb sulscqucft ehiub t`kf t`c nirc eiferctc cjjcets w`ge` krc sunncb gf ifc quitc ks
‘Khh kriufb G jiufb bckb kfb wiufbcb…lhiktcb…lurfcb wgt` k `umc lhgstcr…&Khh mrccf
vcmctktgif…pcrgs`cb„ (p& <:'& Cnp`ksgs ti t`c ‘mrgn sktgsjketgif„ ij p`ysgegsts gs put if
Fkmkskag’s linl ks lcgfm ‘gnprivcb„ ivcr @gris`gnk’s&
Gf ‘R`c Ktinge Kmc„ cbgtirgkh nctkp`irs ij ,kfts kfb nyt`ihimy lit` rckssurc us gf
kwc lcjirc t`c `krfcsscb gfjgfgtc, lut t`cf @gris`gnk gs rceimfgzcb ks ,khnist purc
Ue`rceahge`acgt, kfb qucstgifs ij ,prketgecs kfb stkfbkrbs ij pcrngssglhc lc`kvgir tiwkrbs
it`crs&, R`c ufecrtkgftgcs ij t`c sgtuktgif krc lrgcjhy keafiwhcbmcb gf skygfm ,Cxecpt jir
`kstcfcb bcjckt ij Okpkf t`c ktinge linl kfswcrs fi qucstgifs& Lut gt rckrrkfmcs t`c qucstgifs
ihb kfb fcw hkrmc kfb snkhh khrckby gf ncf-s ngfb kfb t`riws if khh ij t`cn k lhgfbgfm fcw
pcrspcetgvc&, Shtgnktchy t`c stkfec Hgjc tkacs gs lkhkfecb lut iptgngstge?
R`c t`gfm jir us ti jckr tibky gs fit t`c ktin lut t`c fkturc ij nkf hcst `c hisc cgt`cr `gs
eifsegcfec ir `gs `unghgty lcjirc t`c gf`crcft nystcry ij t`gfms& Ktinge segcfec ecrtgjgcs
t`gs nystcry& Gts iwf hkws eifbcnf us ti uhtgnktc gmfirkfec1 lut khsi ti t`c ctcrfkh
jrccbin ij e`igec gf`crcft gf kf gfbctcrngfktc ufgvcrsc&&& ]c ekf klihgs` wkrjkrc kfb
ngtgmktc nkf-s gf`unkfgty ti nkf& Lut khh t`gs wghh tkac sinc bigfm& Kfb wc krc gf k
strkfmc fcw hkfb&
R`c jckturc if pkmc 0= ifhy skys ,Cvcf t`c kppkhhgfm jket t`kt sinc ;44444 Okpkfcsc
`kb bgcb sccncb gfegbcftkh ti t`c jket ‒ w`ge` tiue`cb t`c bcstgfy ij cvcryifc khgvc ‒ t`kt k wky
7/23/2019 Life and the Bomb: Framing early issue culture
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`kb lccf jiufb ti rchcksc t`c jirecs w`ge` aghhcb t`csc ;44444„ kfb eiftgfucs gf gts bgkmrkns
kfb cxphkfktgifs ti prcscft t`c tce`fihimgekh ke`gcvcncft)primrcss pkeakmc (ti lc bgseusscb gf
t`gs pkpcr’s kfkhysgs scetgif'& If pkmc ;44 prijcssirs krc cquktcb wgt` Uupcrnkf& K bukh.fkturc
jrknc ij miib)lkb gs uscb? ,Gf t`c bkys kjtcr @gris`gnk t`c ifhy gnncbgktc kfb pisgtgvc
afiwhcbmc wks t`kt t`c wirhb `kb lceinc ks ufskjc ks gt ngm`t sincbky lceinc bchgm`tjuh, (p&
;44'&
Ucptcnlcr ;=( ;723? Jihhiwgfm k juhh pkmc kcrgkh p`itimrkp` ij ‘R`c bcscrt t`kt wks @gris`gnk„
if pkmc 5: lcmgfs t`c pgcec ‘]`kt cfbcb t`c wkr&„ R`c p`itis bcpget k ,jhkt sghcft phkgf k stghh.
stgfagfm oufapghc&, ]`ghc gt gs fitcb t`kt ,keeirbgfm ti QOkpkfcsc^ bietirs t`isc w`i `kb
sujjcrcb ifhy snkhh lurfs jiufb t`cgr kppctgtc jkghgfm t`cgr `kgr jkhhgfm iut t`cgr muns lhccbgfm&
R`cy bcvchipcb tcnpcrkturcs ij ;42° vingtcb lhiib kfb bgcb, fit ifc ij t`csc ;<3444 bckb
gs bcpgetcb&
Ucptcnlcr <2( ;723? ‘Fcw Ncxgei’s ktin linl erktcr„ rcjcrcfecs @gris`gnk kfb Fkmkskag if
pkmc <= skygfm t`kt kjtcrwkrbs
t`c Okpkfcsc `gftcb strifmhy t`kt pkrts ij @gris`gnk kfb Fkmkskag `kb lceinc
rkbgiketgvc& \cseuc wiracrs… Okpkfcsc rcpirtcb wcrc aghhcb ly `krnjuh rkbgktgifs…
R`c ]kr Bcpkrtncft skgb t`kt nist ij t`c Okpkfcsc `kb lccf aghhcb ly lhkst kfb
`ckt…fifc bgcb j rin rkbgiketgvgty kjtcrwkrb& @gris`gnk kfb Fkmkskag wcrc skjc jir
`unkf `klgtktgif kjtcr t`c mrckt jgrcs `kb bgcb kwky… Ri einphgektc t`c krmuncft t`c
Fcw Ncxgei erktcr wks stghh bcjgfgtchy rkbgiketgvc& Gt fcvcrt`chcss ijjcrcb strifm
cvgbcfec t`kt t`c Okps wcrc wrifm&
Gt gs eifehubcb t`kt ‘gt sccncb ecrtkgf t`kt Okpkfcsc gf @gris`gnk kfb Fkmkskag `kb bgcb wgt`gf
t`c mritcsquc hcmkhgty ij wkrtgnc aghhgfm&„
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Tkmc 54 gfehubcs kf cxecrpt ij ]& H& Hkurcfec’s cycwgtfcss keeiuft ‘Fkmkskag wks t`c
ehgnkx ij t`c Fcw Ncxgei tcst&„ R`c cxecrpt lrgfms up t`cncs ij fcecssgty jir cfbgfm t`c wkr
kfb bcserglcs t`c cvcft ij t`c brippgfm gf supcrfkturkh kwcsinc1 ,gt wks fi hifmcr sniac ir
bust ir cvcf k ehiub ij jgrc& Gt wks k hgvgfm t`gfm k fcw spcegcs ij lcgfm…,
Ietilcr 0( ;723? R`c ‘Riayi Cxprcss„ pgcec eivcrs k Hgjc p`itimrkp`cr’s cxpcrgcfec rgbgfm k
trkgf ti @gris`gnk ti ekpturc t`c eifbgtgifs& Kht`ium` t`c pgcec spkfs 7 pkmcs ifhy 5 krc
bcvitcb strgethy ti @gris`gnk1 pkmc 55 bcpgets yiufm mgrhs wckrgfm jkec nksas ekptgifcb tcrschy
ks ,pritcetgif kmkgfst gfjcetgif w`ge` sprckb rkpgbhy t`rium` t`c rugfcb egty kjtcr t`c linlgfms&,
Tkmc 52 s`iws twi nibcrktchy mrkp`ge p`itis ifc ij vgsglhy lurft ,ktin linl vgetgns
gf @gris`gnk sujjcrgfm jrin lurfs kfb jrketurcs, kfb gt gs fitcb t`kt t`cy krc ekrcb jir gf jght`y
eifbgtgifs ly uftrkgfcb mgrhs ks wchh ks ‘nit`cr kfb e`ghb lurfcb ly t`c lhkst&„ R`c ekptgif
stktcs ,T`itimrkp`cr Cycrnkf rcpirtcb t`cgr gfourgcs hiiacb hgac t`isc `c `kb sccf w`cf `c
p`itimrkp`cb ncf lurfcb kt Tckrh @krlir&„ Sfbcrfckt` t`csc krc k einpkrktgvchy gffieuius
p`iti ij k stirc wgt` k e`kfmc.ij.kbbrcss fitgec kfb ifc ij lixcs ij vgetgns’ ks`cs gf t`c
rcnkgfs ij k tcnphc& R`cy krc bcserglcb ks lcgfm uscb ks urfs kfb t`crcly k bcpgetgif ij bckt`
ir ngfgnkhhy k `gft kt bckb libgcs lut kvigb nirc bgrcet bcpgetgif ij sue`&
Tkmc 53 s`iws k juhh p`iti ij ‘gf k Lubb`gst tcnphc gf @gris`gnk k jknghy Qafcchgfm^ ti
prky burgfm ncnirgkh scrvgecs jir rchktgvcs aghhcb ly t`c ktinge linl, ifec kmkgf gfsgfuktgfm
bckt` lut gf k skfgtgzcb wky ouxtkpiscb wgt` nirc rckssurgfm gnkmcs ij t`c hgvgfm&
Ietilcr ;3( ;723? Gf t`c pgeturc ij t`c wcca ekptgif if pkmc 5: k seuhpturcb `ckb ij E`rgst
knifmst t`c rugfs gf Fkmkskag ks k ‘synlih ij t`c nirkh prilhcn jkegfm k pciphc w`i prijcss ti
jihhiw QE`rgstgkfgty^? w`ct`cr cvcf t`c urmcfegcs ij wkr s`iuhb pcrngt sue` vgihktgif ij
gfbgvgbukh hgjc ks t`c ktinge linl `kb einngttcb&,
7/23/2019 Life and the Bomb: Framing early issue culture
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Ietilcr <7( ;723? R`c cbgtirgkh if pkmc 5: if ‘R`c Linl„ summcsts ,R`c Kncrgekf pciphc ks
t`cy s`iuhb lc krc bigfm k hit ij wirrygfm kliut R`c Linl& Sfjirtufktchy t`c tifc ij t`cgr
wirrygfm `ks bcmcfcrktcb gfti kf klocet ngxturc ij s`knc eifjusgif kfb jckr& R`isc gf kut`irgty
krc pkrthy ti lhknc&, @iwcvcr t`gs spckas ti ktinge pihgey nivgfm jirwkrb fit bckhgfm wgt`
ufrcsihvcb nirkh gssucs ij t`c linlgfms&
Uegcftgsts krc bgsphkycb ks kut`irgty kfb khhiwcb ti prgft t`cgr iwf wirbs khifm wgt` k
p`iti bgsphkygfm t`cn gf kut`irgtktgvchy gf ‘R`c ktinge segcftgst spcka up„ if pkmc 23&
Jihhiwgfm t`gs gssuc t`crc wks k hifm mkp gf jgfbgfms ij rcjcrcfec ti @gris`gnk kfb)ir Fkmkskag
lcyifb ifc.tgnc gfviektgifs gf hcttcrs ti t`c cbgtir kfb t`c hgac&
Nkre` ;;( ;72:? Gf ‘Ktin linl cjjcets„ if pkmc 7; ifhy kliut twi pkmcs kfb k `kfbjuh ij
bgkmrkns krc mgvcf ti eivcr jgfbgfms t`kt purpirtcbhy ‘pkgft t`c jgrst prcegsc pgeturc ij w`kt
`kppcfcb kt @gris`gnk kfb Fkmkskag„ (p& 7;'& Kht`ium` t`c tcxtukh bcsergptgifs krc fit strgethy
skfgtgzcb ks gf ‘pciphc-s libgcs wcrc tcrrglhy squcczcb t`cf t`cgr gftcrfkh irmkfs rupturcb, (p&
7;' t`cy krc sekft kfb pkgrcb wgt` nirc tihcrklhc jkechcss ekrtiify gnkmcs& Trcscft tcfsc
bcsergptgifs cxphkgf cjjcets if `unkfs kfb lughbgfms gf sgnphc tcrns&
Kfkhysgs? R`c Kumust <4 gssuc ij Hgjc wks ‘w`crc nkfy Kncrgekfs cfeiuftcrcb jir t`c
jgrst tgnc t`c tiwcrgfm nus`riin.s`kpcb ehiub t`kt wiuhb lceinc t`c qugftcsscftgkh vgsukh
synlih ij t`c fcw crk„ (Liycr ;703 p& 0'& R`c p`itis ij ktinge linlgfms `crc krc gftcrspcrscb
wgt` p`itis ij jgrc linlcb krcks scrvgfm ti brkw k pkrkhhch lctwccf t`c twi1 t`c keeinpkfygfm
tcxt `ks t`c sknc cjjcet cxphgegthy hgacfgfm t`c twi typcs ij linlgfms gf skygfm t`c hkttcr ‘bgb
khnist ks nue` bknkmc ti pripcrty ks t`c ktinge linl bgb kfb gt khsi aghhcb khnist ks nkfy
pciphc„ (‘]kr ’s Cfbgfm„ p& <7'& ]`ct`cr t`gs wks gftcfbcb ti sgnphy nkac t`c ktinge linl
nirc einprc`cfsglhc ir khsi nirc pkhktklhc ks k hcss cmrcmgius wckpif gt bics `kvc lit` cjjcets&
7/23/2019 Life and the Bomb: Framing early issue culture
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Ks Wkvcfbgttg (;7=2' skys pist.linlgfm p`itimrkp`s ij @gris`gnk kfb Fkmkskag gf Hgjc ‘nkbc
t`cn hiia hgac kfy it`cr wkr bcvkstktcb egty& …t`c ncbgk bgb fit juhhy bcnifstrktc t`kt
@gris`gnk kfb Fkmkskag wcrc qukhgtktgvchy bgjjcrcft jrin it`cr agfbs ij wkrtgnc ektkstrip`cs„
(p 2='& R`us lcmkf t`c priecss ij firnkhgzgfm t`c ktinge linl&
R`c Kumust <4 cbgtirgkh jgts gf w`kt Hgjtif kfb Ngte`chh (;773' sky wks k wkvc gf ngb.
Kumust ij pist.@gris`gnk gssucs ij fktgifkh nkmkzgfcs gf w`ge` wrgtcrs ‘sium`t nckfgfm gf t`c
ercktgif kfb usc ij t`c linl t`kt `kb lccf `gbbcf ly t`c eksekbc ij ehge`çs„ ij t`c gfgtgkh
surprgsc surriufbgfm Rrunkf’s kffiufecncft (p& 53'& Hgjtif kfb Ngte`chh rceimfgzc jiur ecftrkh
t`cncs ti t`csc pgcecs? ‘k subbcf fcw `unkf bgshiektgif‒ cxtrcnc prilklhy pcrnkfcft kfb
fit qugtc afiwklhc1„ t`rckt ti t`c `unkf juturc1 t`c sphgttgfm ij t`c ngfb ( lctwccf pringsc kfb
jirclibgfm ij t`c Ktinge Kmc'1 kfb ‘qucstgifs ij oustgjgektgif kfb mught bgrcethy rchktcb ti t`c
usc ij t`c linl kmkgfst Okpkf„ (p& 53.:'& Khh ij t`csc t`cncs krc cvgbcft gf t`c cbgtirgkh1 gf jket
t`gs spcegjge tcxt gs uscb ks kf cxcnphkr ij t`c hkst t`cnc kfb t`c nkoir gnpuhsc ‘ti scca sinc
oustgjgektgif jir usc ij t`c linl…Qufbcrfckt` w`ge`^ hky bccp hkycrs ij ufcksgfcss kfb nirkh
seruphcs„ (p& 50'& Liycr (;703' skys Hgjc ‘strivc jir k `ipcjuh fitc„ wgt` cvcf mrgn prcbgetgifs
vgcwcb gf kf iptgngstge hgm`t hifm.rkfmc rckssurkfec lkhkfegfm eifjriftktgif ij t`c jcriegty ij
strktcmge linlgfms kfb fitcs ij nirkh chcvktgif eifehubgfm t`c cbgtirgkh (p& 7'& Nirkh eifecrfs
krc fit bgseusscb kt mrckt hcfmt` gf t`gs tgnc pcrgib kfb w`cf t`cy krc lrike`cb kt khh mcfcrkhhy
`kvc k pri.Kncrgekf kgr&
R`gs sphgttgfm ir bukhgsn kliut fuehckr cfcrmy lceknc kf cfburgfm jrknc jir t`c gssuc&
Mknsif kfb Nibgmhgkfg (;707' scc t`gs gf ,t`c cgt`cr)ir strueturc ij si nkfy pist.@gris`gnk
prifiufecncfts? ‖Cgt`cr egvghgzktgif wiuhb vkfgs` gf k ektkehysnge `ihiekust ir t`c ktinge
juturc wiuhb lc ufgnkmgfklhy lrgm`t’, (p& ;<'& Zkf Hcftc (<4;<' bcjgfcs t`csc ‘twi
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bgknctrgekhhy ippiscb vgsgifs„ kliut t`c `unkf juturc t`ushy? If t`c ifc `kfb t`csc wckpifs
t`rcktcfcb ti ‘pissglhy Qput^ kf cfb ti khh `unkf hgjc if ckrt`& If t`c it`cr `kfb t`c
kpphgektgifs ij fuehckr jgssgif gf ncbgegfc kmrgeuhturc cfmgfccrgfm kfb piwcr privgsgif
pringscb ti ercktc k utipgkf wirhb„ (p& 3'& Gf pursugt ij jrkncs t`kt spcka ti nkfy skys vkf
Hcftc ‘lksge ippisgtgifs lctwccf miib kfb lkb `ipc kfb jckr pringsc kfb biin strueturc khh
fkrrktgvcs„ (p& 0'& R`gs bukhgstge jrkngfm wks t`crcjirc ifc jknghgkr ti t`c kubgcfec kfb t`kt
kppckrcb ti kbbrcss lit` ‘sgbcs„ ij t`c gssuc t`ium` kr muklhy biwfphkygfm t`c fcmktgvc ti mgvc
t`c pulhge t`c rckssurkfec t`cy erkvcb gf t`c fcw ufsurc crk t`cy eifjriftcb& Ni`kf (<44='
tkacs k strifmcr stkfec t`kt t`c bukh fkturc ij ncbgk eivcrkmc wks rkt`cr ifc ij hgngtcb
fcmktgvgty kfb cxkmmcrktcb pisgtgvgty scrvgfm ti cksc t`c linl gfti Kncrgekf hgjc skygfm
Ks t`c ncbgk `chpcb ti ehckfsc t`c fcw wckpif ij ergtgegsn gt khsi cxkhtcb t`c lcfcjgts
ij fuehckrgsn ti Kncrgekf hgjc… Hgjc nkmkzgfc rcmuhkrhy jckturcb pgeturc sprckbs kfb
stirgcs kliut…t`c mhiry ij ktinge ngrkehcs… Gf t`c gnkmcry kfb fkrrktgvc t`kt ufjihbcb
ivcr tgnc t`c nkmkzgfc gnphgegthy urmcb gts rckbcrs ti sct ksgbc rcsgbukh jckrs…kfb
gfstckb jieus if t`c lcfcjgts kfb lcfcvihcfec ij t`c fuehckr cstklhgs`ncft& (pkrkmrkp`
<<'
Cvcf gf t`gs gfgtgkh eivcrkmc gf Hgjc k primrcss t`cnc `ks ehckrhy cncrmcb ifc t`kt puts
cnp`ksgs if t`csc tce`fgekh kfb segcftgjge kbvkfecncfts rchktgfm ti t`c linl kfb ktinge& R`gs
wks gf pkrt t`c vgsgif ij k lrgm`t juturc ij eifstruetgvc uscs jir fuehckr cfcrmy lut khsi sgnphy
prkgsc jir t`c linl ks k tce`fihimgekh ke`gcvcncft& Keeirbgfm ti Mknsif kfb Nibgmhgkfg
(;707' sue` k jrknc nky lc schcetcb ly t`c oiurfkhgst jir pitcfey1 ‘Ecrtkgf pkeakmcs `kvc k
fkturkh kbvkftkmc lcekusc t`cgr gbcks kfb hkfmukmc rcsifktc wgt` hkrmcr euhturkh t`cncs&
\csifkfecs gfercksc t`c kppckh ij k pkeakmc1 t`cy nkac gt kppckr fkturkh kfb jknghgkr„ (p& 3'&
7/23/2019 Life and the Bomb: Framing early issue culture
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]`crcks t`c pulhge `kb fi jknghgkrgty wgt` ktinge wckpifs ir fuehckr cfcrmy t`c nirc mcfcrkh
tipge ij fcw tce`fihimy wks nirc rckbghy ufbcrstiib kfb eiuhb lc uscb ti mgvc t`c kubgcfec
jiitgfm&
It`crs krmuc t`kt t`gs wks t`c prcjcrrcb kbviektcb jrknc ij t`c mivcrfncft& Keeirbgfm
ti Jkrrchh (;773' Rrunkf’s stktcncfts ufvcghgfm t`c ktinge linl ti t`c wirhb ‘cxcnphgjgcb t`c
pkttcrf ij eifeckhcb bcvchipncft kfb brknktge ufvcghgfm t`kt t`c kbvcrtgsgfm gfbustry `kb
pcrjcetcb„ (p& 5;'& Gf t`c prcss rchcksc kffiufegfm t`c linlgfm t`c usc ij wirbs sue` ks ,fcw
kfb rcvihutgifkry, ke`gcvcncft kfb nkrvch kfb cnp`ksgs if rcsckre` gfbustry kfb segcftgjge
kfb tce`fihimgekh primrcss cnphiy sue` tce`fgqucs kfb krc cviektgvc ij k fcw pribuet rihhgfm
iut (R`c ]`gtc @iusc ;723'& Hgjc’s Kumust <4 bcsergptgif ij t`c Fkmkskag linl `gm`hgm`tgfm
kbvkftkmcs gf skygfm gt wks ,cksgcr ti eifstruet kfb pribuetgvc ij k mrcktcr lhkst, (‘]kr ’s
Cfbgfm„ p& <=' kfb nkbc t`c jgrst ilsihctc phkys gfti t`gs jrknc ks bics Hkurcfec-s ,Fkmkskag
wks t`c ehgnkx ij t`c Fcw Ncxgei tcst, krtgehc summcstgfm nirc t`kf kf ket ij wkr t`c linl
wks k cxpcrgncft& ]`ct`cr t`gs jrknc t`kt prgvghcmcb tce`fihimgekh kbvkfecncfts kfb primrcss
wks kmkgf gftcfbcb ti nkac fuehckr gssucs cksgcr ti mrksp gt bgb `kvc it`cr eifscqucfecs& Rkftcr
(<443' skys ]cstcrf gnkmcs ij fuehckr `ihiekust
`kvc khwkys lccf csscftgkhhy tce`fihimgekh ir nirc prcegschy wgt`iut `unkf
eiftcft… R`c nist mcfcrkh gnkmc t`c nus`riin ehiub gs cvcf jurt`cr rcnivcb jrin
t`c ckrt` kfb t`c jktc ij `unkf lcgfms… Utghh hcss bics t`kt gnkmc summcst t`c
rcspifsglghgty ij t`c `unkf kmcfey gfvihvcb . t`c prcssgfm ij t`c luttif kfb t`c bcegsgif
t`kt gt s`iuhb lc prcsscb&
Zkf Hcftc (<4;<' cxphkgfs t`gs ks usc ij nctifyny rcprcscftgfm t`c einphcx cvcft t`rium` k
sgfmhc pgeturc t`rium` w`ge` ‘t`c nus`riin ehiub eiuhb rcprcscft t`c piwcr ij k fuehckr
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cxphisgif ks k agfb ij fkturkh p`cfincfif wgt`iut s`iwgfm vgetgns ir pcrpctrktirs„ (p& 0'&
\cbuegfm t`c einphcx gssuc ti t`gs gnkmc infgprcscft gf Hgjc kfb khh eiftcnpirkfcius ncbgk
eivcrkmc cxehubcs k nuhtgtubc ij it`cr gnkmcs kfb t`c gssucs t`cy lrgfm ti t`c jircjrift&
Hgjtif kfb Ngte`chh (;773' skgb Hgjc’s Ucptcnlcr ;= p`itis ‘bgb fit sueeccb einphctchy„
gf kfy ij t`c wkys Huec `kb bcserglcb ks eifstgtutgfm t`c ‘piwcr ij k pgeturc„ gf t`c gfercksgfmhy
tce`fgekh kfb einphgektcb wirhb1 t`isc klghgtgcs ti ‘ekpturc kf cvcft bgstghh kfb cnitgif knkzc
gfspgrc gfstruet kfb cvcf rcpuhsc„ (p& :4'& Uky Hgjtif kfb Ngte`chh ‘Kht`ium` t`c gnkmcs wcrc
`unkf sekhc t`cy hkeacb cvgbcfec ij `unkf bcstruetgif„ sue` ks vgetgns rchgcj cjjirts
niurfcrs kfb cvcf t`c pgeturcb p`ysgekh rugfs ‘wcrc hcss t`kf juhhy rcprcscftktgvc (fi se`iihs
`ispgtkhs ir `incs wcrc gfehubcb'„ (p& :4'& R`gs ingssgif ekf’t lc kttrglutcb ti stkfbkrb
cbgtirgkh prketgecs ir Hgjc lcgfm ‘squckngs`„ ks k ncrc nift` prgir gf t`c nkmkzgfc’s Kumust
;5 ;723 gssuc ‘K Okp Lurfs„ bcpgets k Okpkfcsc sihbgcr lcgfm lurfcb khgvc& @iwcvcr t`c
bgjjcrcfecs `crc gf rcegpgcft1 k sgfmhc gfbgvgbukh (fit egvghgkf' wgt` eiferctc gsihktcb iuteincs
(ifc bckt` wgt`gf t`c liufbs ij wkr'1 kfb pcrpctrktir1 Kustrkhgkf fit Kncrgekf1 hgachy phkycb k
pkrt gf t`c ufrcstrkgfcb bcpgetgif&
Gf kfy eksc keeirbgfm ti Hgjtif kfb Ngte`chh (;773' gnkmcs ij t`c `unkf eifscqucfecs
ly Okpkfcsc p`itimrkp`crs wcrc eifjgsektcb ir it`crwgsc ufpulhgs`cb gf Kncrgek jir bulgius
rcksifs uftgh Ucptcnlcr ;73< w`cf Hgjc prgftcb t`cn kfb rcvckhcb t`cy ‘`kb lccf supprcsscb
ly ogttcry S&U& nghgtkry ecfsirs t`rium` scvcf yckrs ij t`c Ieeupktgif„ (p& :;'& \cmkrbhcss ij
w`kt prinptcb gt ecfsirs`gp cxtcrfkh gftcrfkh ir it`crwgsc bchkygfm Kncrgekfs jrin sccgfm
sinct`gfm ti ‘put k `unkf jkec if t`c eifscqucfecs ij t`c linlgfm„ gs sinct`gfm Hgjc hktcr
kbngttcb nckft ‘t`c wirhb…afcw ifhy t`c p`ysgekh jkets ij ktinge bcstruetgif„ (Hgjtif kfb
Ngte`chh ;773 p& :4'&
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R`c Ucptcnlcr <2 eifehusgif t`kt t`isc gf @gris`gnk kfb Fkmkskag ‘`kb bgcb wgt`gf t`c
mritcsquc hcmkhgty ij wkrtgnc aghhgfm„ (‘ Fcw Ncxgei’s ktin linl erktcr„ p& <=' fit ifhy
oustgjgcs t`csc bckt`s lut qugcts rkbgktgif jckrs& Hgjtif kfb Ngte`chh (;773' kttrglutc t`gs ti
‘pulhge.rchktgifs wira„ ij S&U& ijjgegkhs ke`gcvcb gf pkrt t`rium` prcss tiurs ij t`c tcst sgtc t`kt
wcrc t`c lksgs ij t`c Hgjc pgcec& Keeirbgfm ti Ni`kf (<44=' ckrhy eivcrkmc ivcrkhh ufergtgekhhy
rcjhcetcb t`c ijjgegkh pri. linl vgcwpigft ‘buc ti sueecssjuh cjjirt ij kbngfgstrktgif ti oustgjy t`c
usc ij t`c linl t`rium` t`c Kncrgekf ncbgk„ (pkrkmrkp` 0'&
Mknsif kfb Nibgmhgkfg (;707' khsi rceimfgzc ‘nue` ij t`c e`kfmgfm euhturc ij kf gssuc
gs t`c pribuet ij cftcrprgsc& Tkeakmcs jrcqucfthy `kvc spifsirs„ (p& :'& Gj t`c ckrhy ktinge euhturc
`kb k fknklhc spifsir nkfy gbcftgjy segcfec oiurfkhgst ]ghhgkn H& Hkurcfec w`in Hgjtif kfb
Ngte`chh (;773' ekhh k vcry purpiscjuhhy pgeacb ijjgegkh ‘spiacsnkf„ jir t`c linl& Hkurcfec’s
wirbs kppckr gf Hgjc’s Ucptcnlcr <2 ;723 gssuc (‘Fkmkskag wks t`c ehgnkx ij t`c Fcw Ncxgei
tcst„' w`crc Hgjc gtschj bcserglcs `gn ks ‘rcerugtcb ly t`c Krny ti wrgtc gts ijjgegkh ktinge linl
rchckscs„ ehckrhy phkegfm `gn ufbcr t`c ijjgegkh t`unl (p& 54'& Hgjtif kfb Ngte`chh (;773' sky
‘`gs vgsgifkry cnlrkec ij segcfec… scrvcb t`c psye`ihimgekh purpisc ij `chpgfm `gn supprcss
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7/23/2019 Life and the Bomb: Framing early issue culture
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7/23/2019 Life and the Bomb: Framing early issue culture
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7/23/2019 Life and the Bomb: Framing early issue culture
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7/23/2019 Life and the Bomb: Framing early issue culture
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7/23/2019 Life and the Bomb: Framing early issue culture
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7/23/2019 Life and the Bomb: Framing early issue culture
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