LIFE! (A BRIEF snapshot)HTTP://WWW.PBS.ORG/WGBH/NOVA/EVOLUTION/ORIGINS-LIFE.HTML

Atmospheric Stuff of Life-

Coacervates

When exactly (what criteria) do we

obtain a living cell?

Cellular

Reproduction

Growth/Development

Metabolize

Respond

Evolve

HOMEOSTASIS!

Coacervates

Non-living empty vessels made up of early Earth compounds.

External structures are lipids and proteins….

Form units if pH is acidic

What basic environmental hardships did cells have to

overcome? (In order to exist and thrive?)

Become a self contained entity….cell membranes!

Phospholipids (phosphate heads and lipid tails)

Carbohydrate antenna (sugar side chains)

Cholesterol

Integral proteins

Peripheral proteins

Early cells have cell walls too! (See types at the

End)

Prokaryotes-life’s first fully

independent creatures

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCNbXgLL6nscCFc9BiAodsJUJaQ&url=http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio101/labquiz2/ss2.htm&ei=F9TIVZbwEM-DoQSwq6bIBg&bvm=bv.99804247,d.cGU&psig=AFQjCNFCobDEnk4WzqyrvqCAGGPENR82Xg&ust=1439311206277689http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCNbXgLL6nscCFc9BiAodsJUJaQ&url=http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio101/labquiz2/ss2.htm&ei=F9TIVZbwEM-DoQSwq6bIBg&bvm=bv.99804247,d.cGU&psig=AFQjCNFCobDEnk4WzqyrvqCAGGPENR82Xg&ust=1439311206277689http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCP2S_JD6nscCFcqiiAodTnYA9g&url=http://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Biology-Concepts/section/7.3/&ei=0dPIVb3mPMrFogTO7IGwDw&bvm=bv.99804247,d.cGU&psig=AFQjCNEbT12176GLGVGblNADX8glQMShxw&ust=1439311143776554http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCP2S_JD6nscCFcqiiAodTnYA9g&url=http://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Biology-Concepts/section/7.3/&ei=0dPIVb3mPMrFogTO7IGwDw&bvm=bv.99804247,d.cGU&psig=AFQjCNEbT12176GLGVGblNADX8glQMShxw&ust=1439311143776554http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCODpt779nscCFVKViAodF1EAqQ&url=http://www.slideshare.net/mgsonline/prokaryotes-vs-eukaryotes&ei=VtfIVeDmJ9KqogSXooHICg&bvm=bv.99804247,d.cGU&psig=AFQjCNFXVtw_WX8AC1xpPVipYZicOXZGFg&ust=1439311987193762http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCODpt779nscCFVKViAodF1EAqQ&url=http://www.slideshare.net/mgsonline/prokaryotes-vs-eukaryotes&ei=VtfIVeDmJ9KqogSXooHICg&bvm=bv.99804247,d.cGU&psig=AFQjCNFXVtw_WX8AC1xpPVipYZicOXZGFg&ust=1439311987193762

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCNq9gZX9nscCFdUpiAodOnEAhQ&url=http://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/1122Lifegram.html&ei=_9bIVZrCL9XToAS64oGoCA&bvm=bv.99804247,d.cGU&psig=AFQjCNFXVtw_WX8AC1xpPVipYZicOXZGFg&ust=1439311987193762http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCNq9gZX9nscCFdUpiAodOnEAhQ&url=http://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/1122Lifegram.html&ei=_9bIVZrCL9XToAS64oGoCA&bvm=bv.99804247,d.cGU&psig=AFQjCNFXVtw_WX8AC1xpPVipYZicOXZGFg&ust=1439311987193762https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCP6osrz-nscCFUIuiAodIxII-A&url=https://www.pinterest.com/pin/27303141466851199/&ei=XtjIVf6BMcLcoASjpKDADw&bvm=bv.99804247,d.cGU&psig=AFQjCNE-vy_C2r0JoA8t8H-Whq-4liE1aQ&ust=1439312345018708https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCP6osrz-nscCFUIuiAodIxII-A&url=https://www.pinterest.com/pin/27303141466851199/&ei=XtjIVf6BMcLcoASjpKDADw&bvm=bv.99804247,d.cGU&psig=AFQjCNE-vy_C2r0JoA8t8H-Whq-4liE1aQ&ust=1439312345018708

So what drives complexity?

Evolutionary flow chart for cellular

achievement Coacervate (empty cell) formation-anaerobic

prokaryotes- aerobic prokaryotes aerobic

eukaryotes & anaerobic eukaryotes (individual cells)

multicellular aerobic and anaerobic organisms

First mass extinction-End of the

archaea-bacteria reign!

Darn the cyanobacteria!

Favored heterotrophic chemosynthetic bacterium

Increase complexity of DNA

Who is LUCA? (Traits)

Who is still around?

Who is more ancestral?

Revisit slide 10

So the environment is the spark to

cellular evolution.

Today’s relationship?

Endosymbiosis http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/

chapter4/animation_-_endosymbiosis.html

http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter4/animation_-_endosymbiosis.html

Cell size and function!

Why do cells remain small?

SA:V ratio

How do we compensate for small size?

Why does evo favor all this

additional boundary complexity?

HOMEOSTASIS

The Leftovers?

Viruses

Prion

Back to the idea of maintenance

of cellular life? How do we

maintain internal homeostasis?

Cellular structures

Chemical properties- Water potential

Enzyme reactions

Chemical reactions/Chemical presence (+/-)

What do ALL (cells) continue to

share? (Structurally)

Although ONLY eukaryotes have all the extras!

Must knows: phospholipid by-layer (orientation), 5 types of glycoproteins –

including their posistions(see next slide), cholesterol, carbohydrate

chains/antenna

Critical components (extras) in

eukaryote membrane evolution

Phosphate (polar)-lipid (non-polar)molecule

(phospholipids)-all about passive movement

5 types of large glycol-proteins : Adhesion,

Communication, Identification, Transport, Receptor

Sugar molecule (carbohydrate) antenna

Sterols-(cholesterol) support

Why need all these extras??

Outside the cell membrane-cell

walls

Peptidoglycan (Prokaryotes only…huge in medicine!)

Chitin-fungi

Cellulose-plants

NONE-animals

Cell Communication

https://prezi.com/okvybidzh1ts/ap-bio-communication-1-cellular-communication/

Communication can be local or

long distance

Structures that assist:

Carbohydrate antenna

Ion concentration and exchange gates

Chemicals

Protein Gates

3 phases of communication

There are three stages of cell signaling:

Reception – where the target cell detects

a signaling molecule present in the

exogenous environment.

Transduction – the conversion of the signal

to a form that can bring about a specific

cellular response, we can amplify here.

Response – the specific cellular effect

brought about by the signaling molecule.

Reception: a signal molecule (ligand) binds to a receptor protein (receptor), causing a change in shape of the receptor. The change in shape is called conformationalchange.

Receptors are found in two places; peripheral proteins are found inside the plasma membrane in the cytoplasm or Inside the nucleus. The signaling molecule must cross the plasma membrane and therefore must be hydrophobic (for instance the steroid hormone testosterone), or very small (Nitric Oxide). Or Integral proteins are embedded in the plasma membrane, and these receptors bind to water-soluble ligands.

Transduction: molecular interactions within the target cell begin. Enzymes called protein kinases are cause an amplification of the signal, thus exaggerating the

Response: the cell changes its behavior while the ligand is in place.

Dispatch

In each scenario, how would we regulate?

The take home, “ah-ah” concept…..

Increase in cellular complexity=

increase in cellular

specificity=increase in # of

cells=increase in cell to cell

communications allowing for very

complex organisms!