Life 2.0 - Biohacking and the Quantified Self

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Technology

25 July 2012

Ed Maguire Managing Director, Software Research [email protected] (1) 212 261 3997

Guest author

Dave Asprey Founder & Biohacker The Bulletproof Executive

www.clsau.com

Life 2.0 Biohacking and the Quantified Self

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Dave Asprey Dave Asprey is a Silicon Valley technology entrepreneur and leading expert on the Quantified Self movement, smart drugs and biohacking. He has been featured in The Financial Times, Vogue, Forbes, MSNBC, The LA Times, TheSan Francisco Chronicle, and on TV and radio shows.

Asprey authors The Bulletproof Executive blog based on his 15-year single-minded crusade to upgrade the human being using every available technology. His blog distills the knowledge of more than 120 world-class MDs, biochemists, Olympic nutritionists, meditation experts, as well asUS$250,000-plus spent on personal self-experiments.

From private electroencephalography (EEG) facilities hidden in a Canadian forest to remote monasteries in Tibet, from Silicon Valley to the Andes, Asprey has used many hacking techniques and tried everything himself. Heobsessively focused on discovering ‘the simplest things a person can do to be better at everything’ - or being bulletproof, the state of high performance where an individual takes control of and improves his/her biochemistry,body and mind so he/she can work in harmony. Asprey believes this state of being helps a person to execute at levels far beyond what would beexpected, without burning out, getting sick or acting like a ‘stressed-out jerk.’ It used to take a lifetime to radically rewire the human body and mind this way. He believes technology has changed the rules.

CLSA U® logo, CLSA U® (word mark) and CLSA University are registered trademarks of CLSA in the USA and elsewhere.

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Foreword Quantified Self refers to an important trend towards self-tracking, utilizing a vastly expanding range of devices, applications and services. Dave Asprey is a pioneer in the Quantified Self movement and has established a premier reputation as a leading biohacker with his Bulletproof Executive blog and website. This Blue Book covers the emerging industry around the Quantified Self movement and how it merges with the art of biohacking - using the tools of modern technology such as advanced sensors, mobile devices, cloud computing and big data to achieve immediate, quantifiable gains in human cognitive and physical performance.

It’s not just about measurement for its own sake. Biohackers are the vanguard of the Quantified Self movement. Inveterate tinkerers, biohackers are data-driven technologists (often computer scientists) who approach the human mind and body as a sophisticated system. They view the physical body as the hardware, the mind as the software, and endeavor to upgrade both. Biohackers measure, test, analyze and adjust in the quest to optimize health, improve quality of life and extend lifespan itself.

While most of the providers of Quantified Self offerings are small, privately held firms, we see increasing engagement from established tech companies as providers of both products and enabling technologies. While creating “superhuman” powers may seem like the stuff of science fiction, Silicon Valley venture-capital firms and global corporations are pouring investments into the new business of quantifying the self. At stake is the future of the self-improvement and anti-aging markets and huge swathes of the medical and insurance industries. Even core medical-research institutions may be threatened by “crowd-sourced” medical knowledge.

We provide here an overview of Quantified Self and biohacking principles, profile premier technology companies at the forefront of this data-centric health and wellness industry and highlight Asprey’s favorite biohacks. We hope this report piques an interest to explore further and would encourage readers to view this document not as a definitive reference but a starting point to experiment, measure and question assumptions. The end game of the Quantified Self is not about transforming markets or economies, but about the business of transforming - or upgrading - the basic capabilities of human beings, including you.

Ed Maguire Managing Director, Software Research

Blue Books



Contents Executive summary ............................................................................ 5

Quantified Self: Measuring to improve ............................................... 6

Variety of business models ............................................................... 11

Tools of the trade ............................................................................. 14

Opportunities for future growth ....................................................... 31

Biohacking an upgraded self ............................................................ 35

Important disclosures ...................................................................... 39

In-depth and insightful views

Executive summary Blue Books


Life 2.0 There is a movement afoot to employ new technologies, data analyses and a systems approach to achieve Life 2.0, upgrading our hardware (body) and software (mind). An explosion of new tools, services and applications enables individuals to track behaviors and biology to optimize their lives. We discuss here the Quantified Self movement, highlight the efforts of biohackers and chronicle leading self-tracking tools and technologies.

The term Quantified Self refers to the practice of using data to further the quest for personal improvement. At the cutting edge are the biohackers, whose mission is to ‘employ systems thinking, science, biology and self-experimentation to take control of and upgrade your body, mind and life.’ Originating from Silicon Valley, we have seen “citizen scientist” attendance at Quantified Self-related events growing at an exponential pace.

With the Quantified Self movement still in nascent stages, most dedicated solutions have yet to “cross the chasm” from the early adopters to the early mainstream, but we are seeing growing interest from established technology and medical-device firms. There are a variety of business models at play in the emerging market for Quantified Self tools: device only, device plus application, software application only and data centric.

There are over 500 solutions tracked at the Quantified Self website that incorporate hardware, software and internet-based services alone or in combination. We provide a curated selection of the best offerings, encompassing medical devices, personal genetics, personal disease/symptom applications, personal health and fitness devices, sleep tracking, mood tracking, finance-behavior tracking, geolocation tracking, productivity apps and data aggregators. In the future, we expect more wearable, interactive sensors, increasingly real-time analytics driving proactive feedback and growing proliferation of connected devices that take advantage of the “Internet of Things.”

Over the past 15 years, Dave Asprey has invested US$250,000, consulted with hundreds of top experts and read thousands of scientific papers in his quest to improve body and mind. Along the way, he has been able to lose 100lbs and increase his IQ by 20 points on less than five hours of sleep per night. We provide a selection of Dave Asprey’s top biohacks in Section 5.

Measuring for the better - Biohacking and quantifying yourself

Source: Dave Asprey

Upgrading our hardware (body) and software

(mind)

Quantified Self refers to the practice of using data

to further the quest for personal improvement

Biohacking uses quantified personal data to drive iterative testing

and improvement

A wealth of tools, technologies and biohacks

The market is evolving with a variety of business

models

Dave Asprey shares top biohacks from years of

personal experience

Section 1: Quantified Self - Measuring to improve Blue Books


Quantified Self - Measuring to improve In 2007 Gary Wolf and Kevin Kelly (both best known as writers and editors at WIRED magazine) began a discussion to identify the next “big idea” that would revolutionize the world. Already adept at looking into the future of the intersection of technology and humanity as part of their work at WIRED, they examined the new roles technology and computing may have for personal improvement and understanding.

We believe that the answers to these cosmic questions will be found in the personal. Real change will happen in individuals as they work through self-knowledge. Self-knowledge of one’s body, mind and spirit. Many seek this self-knowledge and we embrace all paths to it. However, the particular untrodden path we have chosen to explore here is a rational one: Unless something can be measured, it cannot be improved.

Kevin Kelly, 2007 blog post at QuantifiedSelf.com http://quantifiedself.com/2007/10/what-is-the-quantifiable-self/

That the key to personal improvement hinges on being able to objectively measure relevant data is not a new concept. In fact, objective data gathering is the cornerstone of many, if not all, branches of science. What Wolf and Kelly decided to explore was the idea that new technology was branching out into our daily lives and thus giving individuals the ability to “do science” on a personal level.

The rise of the “citizen scientist” had begun, and biohackers began pushing the rapidly expanding boundaries defined by Quantified Self.

Meetups build momentum In order to expand on their ideas on the Quantified Self, Wolf and Kelly created an impromptu gathering in 2008 with the goal of attracting and learning from others in the San Francisco Bay Area who engaged in self-tracking. This initial meetup quickly became a gathering of technologists, intellectuals, scientists, hackers and other individuals interested in using tools to better understand themselves. Noted venture capitalist Esther Dyson compared it to the first meeting of the Homebrew Computer Club in Silicon Valley, which took place more than 30 years earlier, out of which the personal computer industry was born.

The Bay Area meetup spawned an additional group in New York City. In 2009 and 2010, Quantified Self meetups have grown exponentially worldwide.

Figure 1

Quantified Self meetup timeline

Source: Social anthropologist Adam Butterfield. Used with permission.

The key to personal improvement hinges on

being able to objectively measure relevant data

Gary Wolf and Kevin Kelly identified the role

technology could play in personal improvement

Exponential growth in Quantified Self meetups

worldwide since 2010



Currently there are over 60 Quantified Self meetup groups worldwide with over 7,000 total members. Meetups are typically conducted in a manner which encourages individuals to share personal self-tracking experiments, including their use of new tools and devices that provide insight into various behaviors.

Conferences In May 2011, the first Quantified Self conference was held in Mountain View, California. Over 400 attendees participated in the two-day conference, which consisted of presentations and discussions on topics related to self-tracking, business models for Quantified Self tools and applications, how to handle and process personal data, as well as the future of Quantified Self.

The conference was covered in numerous publications including the Financial Times and Technology Review, and the event attracted some of the most famous venture capitalists from Sand Hill Road.

Due to large demand, a second conference was held in Amsterdam, Netherlands, in November 2011. Over 250 participants attended this first European conference. Over the course of two days, presentations and breakout discussions were conducted around many of the same topics as in the US event.

The 2012 Quantified Self conference will be held in September at Stanford University and will feature over 50 different presentations and discussions on a wide range of topics.

The establishment of a regular forum for presenting and sharing ideas, techniques and findings is helping to broaden greater awareness of what had initially been disparate, individual practices.

Self-tracking is at the core At the core of the Quantified Self is the ability of an individual, or group of individuals, to collect useful and important information about themselves. This information (the personal data that are collected) can be used in a variety of different ways. Typically the data can be used to help individuals track progress towards a goal or unique outcome. In many cases, individuals with the Quantified Self movement use personal data collection as a method to conduct self-experiments.

Self-experimentation is not a novel concept, having been employed in medical and scientific research for centuries. Many individuals using self-tracking tools and applications conduct their own experiments to understand themselves and how they react to different stimuli. What is different is increasing availability and declining costs of sensors and other tracking devices that generate data that can be digitally stored, analyzed and shared via inexpensive, widely available consumer technologies such as PCs and smartphones.

For example, many of the Quantified Self presentations at meetup groups around the world involve experimentation for weight loss. A typical self-tracking experiment for weight loss may include numerous tools such as a food logging application, a physical activity tracking device and a wireless scale.

In May 2011, the first Quantified Self

conference was held in Mountain View, California

There are over 60 Quantified Self meetup groups worldwide with

over 7,000 total members

The 2012 Quantified Self conference will be held in

September at Stanford University

Self-tracking is the core practice of the

Quantified Self

Self-experimentation is not new, but technology makes it cheaper, more accessible and accurate



Figure 2

Self-tracking projects can take many forms

Source: Adam Butterfield. Used with permission.

By collecting detailed information, people can start to modify their diets and physical activity regimes and observe changes in weight loss. They are able to generate hypothesis, carry out a behavioral plan, and then observe the results, thus creating a relationship between independent and dependent variables. In essence, these individuals are applying personalized science to their own behaviors in order to produce both the desired result and an understanding of behavioral and physical relationships.

The ability to drive better health outcomes and valuable personal and scientific insights represents the potential for many of the self-tracking and Quantified Self applications and tools. These tools and applications provide individuals with the means to better understand themselves and how they operate and interact with their environment. The role of technological innovation and low-cost sensing and application development has created a rapidly expanding ecosystem that supports personal data collection for a variety of different behaviors, conditions and outcomes.

Biohackers’ persistent quest for better At the first biohacker meetup in New York in May 2012, biohacking was defined as: ‘To use systems thinking, science, biology and self-experimentation to take control of and upgrade your body, mind and life.’

Biohackers use data from a variety of disciplines - including Quantified Self - to develop self-upgrade experiments that are often more radical and less driven by cognitive processes than they are by very fast-happening biological processes at the neurological or biochemical levels.

How biohacking differs from related movements Biohacking is not DIYbio, the biopunk movement which creates genetically modified organisms in homebrew labs. It’s not anti-aging or transhumanism either, although it draws on knowledge from those areas.

Quantified Self practitioners apply

personalized science to their own behavior

The promise of self-tracking is better health outcomes and valuable

insights

Biohackers use data from a variety of disciplines to

develop self-upgrade experiments

There might be severaldifferent technologies

applied for weight-lossself-experimentation



Figure 3

The intersection between biohacking and Quantified Self

Source: Dave Asprey

For example, a Quantified Self devotee may decide to reduce stress. He would go about measuring his stress using medical-monitoring technologies and correlating it to various conscious behaviors, sleep levels, food, frequency of email and social interaction in order to become aware of and then consciously and rationally change his behavior to reduce stress.

By contrast, a biohacker would also measure stress but go about establishing direct control over the stress response using medical-monitoring technologies for biofeedback, improving the body’s ability to cope with stress at levels that are not normally conscious, such as the autonomic nervous system.

At the end of the experiment, the Quantified Self follower would have made conscious decisions (sleeping more) that resulted in less stress. The biohacker would have rewired his nervous system (increased heart-rate variability) to experience less stress.

The Quantified Self follower would have a richer set of data to use for other correlations and self-improvements, and could share the data with others to create very large data sets. The biohacker would have data from the biofeedback sessions, pre and post stress levels. The data from biofeedback sessions can also be shared to create very large data sets, but those data sets do not illuminate behavior patterns in people the way that Quantified Self data do.

Quantified Self tends to focus on a behavioral approach (tracking behaviors correlated with data) whereas biohacking takes a biological approach and measures success using Quantified Self techniques.

Figure 4

Biohacking extends the quantifying into response and modification

Source: Dave Asprey

A biohacker goes beyond self-measurement by

introducing variables to gauge the effects

Quantified Self tends to focus on a behavioral

approach

Biohacking takes a biological approach and measures success using

Quantified Self techniques

Biohacking is not anti-aging or transhumanism

either, though it draws from their practices



Interestingly, a number of physicians have started referring to their own self-experiments as biohacks, including neurosurgeon Dr Jack Kruse and author Dr Sara Gottfried. Dr Kruse used extreme cold exposure to activate ancient genetic pathways and lost 160lbs in about one year without any exercise. Biohacking is also a term used by citizen scientists like Tim Ferriss, author of Four Hour Body, and Dave Asprey.

Figure 5

Biohacking according to Dave Asprey

Source: Dave Asprey

A number of physicians have started referring to

their own self-experiments as biohacks

Upgrading the body, mind and life

Section 2: Variety of business models Blue Books


Variety of business models There are four types of business models emerging for Quantified Self companies: device based, device plus application, application only and data centric. We briefly describe each type of business model and discuss the economics and risks for each.

Almost all of these business models share a common theme - they employ game mechanics as a core strategy to motivate customers to implement behavior change. It's becoming apparent that data alone is not enough to motivate the average consumer to improve their behavior or health. Surprisingly, symbolic rewards such as badges from social-media games can work as well as or even better than raw data.

In essence, many small reminders and recurring motivational messages combined with the knowledge that your peers are aware of your behavior simply work better than telling someone, ‘Your data show that you need to change this behavior.’

Social anthropologists, such as Adam Butterfield, are studying Quantified Self companies and applications to determine how to best induce positive change in individuals and what impact this has on society.

From a biohacking perspective, tools that provide swift and immediate feedback - often in under 350 milliseconds - tend to induce positive change in individuals without social-game mechanics, although social mechanisms often work well to get people to try a biohacking tool in the first place.

Device only The device-only business model for Quantified Self is the oldest and best understood, taken straight from consumer electronics. In this form, customers buy a device that includes sensors and some sort of data display, and the device works without requiring a network connection or cloud computing. A very simple example of the device-only model is a home blood-pressure cuff.

The advantage of this model is that it's simple and devices are usually easy to use. The problem is that margins are low and distribution costs are high - startups have a hard time getting distribution at companies like Best Buy or Walmart. There is no leverage to be had from collecting behavioral data from customers either.

Because of these limitations, many companies that already offer a device-based business model are moving towards a hybrid model, which includes either a mobile app or a web app to analyze the data and drive customer engagement as well as upsell opportunities.

Device plus application Continuing the home blood-pressure cuff example, a Quantified Self company in the device-plus-application model would offer a blood-pressure cuff that integrates with a smartphone app, a web application and/or a cloud-based data-collection and visualization engine.

Revenue from this type of company comes from selling the device itself, but higher margins and recurring revenue come from subscription fees and upsell opportunities driven by the web and smartphone applications.

Business models employ game techniques to motivate customers

Social mechanisms often work well to get people to

try a biohacking tool in the first place

A simple example of the device-only model is a

home blood-pressure cuff

Many companies are moving beyond a device-

based business model towards a hybrid model

Revenue from devices is enhanced by higher-

margin subscription fees



Because of the hardware requirements, which include at least basic FDA compliance, this business model is capital intensive and distribution costs can be as expensive as they are for the device-only model.

That said, customers tend to be sticky because they already own a piece of hardware and the cost of continuing a subscription service is much lower than buying a computing device with its own competing subscription service. Lifetime value of a customer is highest in this model.

A variant on the app-plus-device model is to build a device that only works in conjunction with the mobile phone. A blood-pressure cuff that has no display of its own, but connected into an Android or iOS device using Bluetooth, would be an example.

In an ideal world, this would cut device costs and make it easier for consumers to use self-tracking sensors. However, for Quantified Self companies, the landscape is far from ideal.

Years ago, Apple created a defensive hardware-licensing requirement to prevent Bose from profiting by selling iPod docking devices. It basically requires third-party hardware that will connect with an i-device to contain an Apple-supplied chip.

The impact of this is that Quantified Self devices designed to work with Apple hardware are larger, have a poor battery life and do not work well with Android devices. Quantified Self startups selecting this model end up choosing between much higher engineering and design costs to support two platforms or are able to address only half the market by supporting only one platform.

Software-application-only business model The software-application-only business model is perhaps the most popular with Quantified Self companies because engineering and development costs are lowest. With this model, companies provide browser-based applications or smartphone apps that connect to cloud-based services.

Most Quantified Self applications focus on behavioral tracking and data collection, although quite a few use existing sensors in smartphones to extract surprising amounts of biological monitoring. By creatively using the microphone, camera, GPS and accelerometer, creative bioengineers can determine a wide swathe of behaviors ranging from pulse rate to sleep quality to exercise type and duration.

From a biohacking perspective, apps tend to focus on training cognitive performance or reaction times. Other apps focus on “life-logging” - recording as many details as possible about what one does or even thinks throughout the day. We cover a complete list of types of applications in Section 3.

Because cost of entry is low, quality of applications can vary widely. Margins are generally low because the freemium model dominates, but companies that get real traction can be outsize performers because the social-gaming aspects of Quantified Self tend to encourage the viral spread of applications that succeed.

Lifetime value of a customer is highest in the

device-plus-application model

A variant is to build a device that only works

in conjunction with a mobile phone

QS devices designed towork with Apple

hardware are larger, havea poor battery life

The software-application model is perhaps the

most popular with Quantified Self companies

Because cost of entry is low, quality of

applications can vary widely



Data-centric business model There is a push within the Quantified Self community to be able to visualize, process and make sense of multiple data streams from different tools, services and applications. The easiest way to do this is to create a single interface that pulls together a variety of Quantified Self or biohacking sensors. On its face, this is what consumers want and there is real value from being able to correlate self-tracking data from multiple sensors even if they are from different manufacturers.

The conundrum is that Quantified Self companies following the dominant device-plus-application model have business interest in making sure customers use the app provided with a sensor. For this reason, while there is demand for aggregator-type services, there are often hidden business roadblocks to actually implementing one. There are a few notable exceptions, which we cover in the company-profile section.

Other data-only Quantified Self plays include visualization engines that take any set of big data and help to visualize it, such as Google's BigQuery; however, such companies are agnostic about what data sets they process, so they are broader than just Quantified Self companies. We could also consider any cloud-based data-storage service as an adjunct to a Quantified Self business model. Self-quantification generates reams of data that need to be stored somewhere, and the cloud is the most likely place. This also raises the role of security services for Quantified Self data hosted in the cloud, but again this is not strictly a Quantified Self problem.

Time will tell whether Quantified Self aggregators succeed, but if the evolution of computer-monitoring companies is any indication, it is safe to assume that technology standards will eventually emerge that allow it. Just don't count on it happening tomorrow.

Consumers want to correlate data from

multiple sensors from different manufacturers

There are often hidden business roadblocks to

aggregator services

Time will tell whether Quantified Self

aggregators succeed

Section 3: Tools of the trade Blue Books


Tools of the trade There is a confluence of enabling trends advancing innovation of Quantified Self tools. First are the dynamics of Moore’s Law, miniaturization and the Law of Accelerating Change. The consistently increasing power, shrinking physical footprint and declining cost of compute power and storage enable devices to get smaller, cheaper and more accessible. Second is expansion of connectivity evidenced in the growing penetration of smartphones, tablets and other mobile-enabled devices along with the declining cost of bandwidth. Complementing these trends is the proliferation of low-cost, pay-as-you-go cloud-computing resources (Platform, Infrastructure and Storage as a Service) along with free open-source software as the technological foundation for services and applications. The evolution of natural user interfaces such as gestural computing (eg, Microsoft’s Kinect), motion sensors and accelerometers embedded in small devices, smartphones and tablets, voice recognition and touchscreens enable users to interact with technology in an increasingly transparent fashion.

How can investors gain exposure to Quantified Self? With the Quantified Self movement still in nascent stages, most dedicated solutions have yet to “cross the chasm” from the early adopters to the early mainstream. We would emphasize that applications fundamentally occupy the top of the tech value chain: the need and desire to run applications drive purchases of compute, storage, networking and connectivity - smartphones, tablets and PCs as well as specialized devices. For now, growing adoption of Quantified Self tools reinforces the value of the iPhone and PC to the user. As Quantified Self solutions gain scale on their own, we expect pure-play market leaders to emerge as established tech firms consolidate the most promising startups.

With over 500 solutions tracked at the Quantified Self website, tools incorporate hardware, software and internet-based services alone or in combination. For hardware, Apple’s devices have the broadest general applicability for Quantified Self scenarios that track physical activity, sleep and sports performance; the iPod Nano actually has a built-in pedometer and the Nike Plus iPod sport kit offers integrated self-tracking capabilities. Beyond Apple’s iPhone, other smartphones, notably Android devices from the likes of Samsung, LG and others, are relevant. Video-game controllers including the Nintendo Wii/Wii Fit and Microsoft’s Xbox360 Kinect have incorporated fitness and tracking capabilities from the beginning. There is a growing range of dedicated tracking devices from established companies such as Garmin, Nike’s Nike Plus, Motorola’s MotoACTIV devices, as a well as privately held companies including FitBit, BodyMedia, Withings, Zeo and others.

For software and internet-based services, self-tracking hardware devices typically feed data to software which is used for analysis. Quantified Self software/cloud services touch a wide range of categories, including location tracking (eg, privately held Foursquare), personal financial management (Intuit’s Mint.com), life-logging (via Facebook, Yahoo’s Flickr, privately held Twitter, Daytum and many other tools), community sites (CureTogether, SparkPeople, Traineo and others) as well as a plethora of apps and services for tracking everything from music preferences, to food intake, energy usage, medicine, learning and other areas.

There is a confluence of enabling trends

advancing innovation of Quantified Self tools

Apple’s devices have the broadest general

applicability for Quantified Self scenarios

Quantified Self software/cloud services

touch a wide range of categories

Most solutions have yet to “cross the chasm” from

the early adopters to the early mainstream



We present a curated list of innovative Quantified Self and biohacking companies culled from the more than 500 registered companies on quantifiedself.com. We segment these companies into the following categories:

Medical devices

Personal genetics

Personal disease/symptom applications

Personal health and fitness devices

Sleep tracking

Mood tracking

Finance-behavior tracking

Geolocation tracking

Productivity apps

Data aggregators

Medical devices It should come as no surprise that the rise in personal data collection has been driven by a strong interest in the expanding role of personalized medicine. Health and healthcare data are being integrated with novel and sophisticated tools that help clinicians and patients better understand prevention, treatment and outcomes. The devices outlined here are at the forefront of medical-device technology, but they are also objects of desire for biohackers and self-trackers.

The line between medical device and consumer electronics is blurring, and it’s likely a safe assumption that every one of these companies is considering a consumer strategy as well as a clinical strategy, and some are open about their plans to address both markets.

AliveCor AliveCor (alivecor.com) has developed a clinical-quality, low-cost mobile ECG device that works with an iOS device or Android smartphone. Specifically it has developed an iPhone case and the iCard ECG that, when used with the coordinated application, can deliver real-time ECG information from a patient.

AliveCor is currently seeking FD and CE Mark approvals for use in the USA and EU. It is looking to develop and distribute clinical and commercial devices.

Asthmapolis Asthmapolis (asthmapolis.com) provides a unique tool to help patients, providers and health-data experts better track, manage and conduct research related to asthma.

Using an existing inhaler, the Asthmapolis tracking device adds a small lightweight sensor that enables geospatial and time tracking when an inhaler is used. The sensor combines GPS technology and Bluetooth to sync location and inhaler usage information with the Asthmapolis Mobile Application (iOS and Android). Data are also sent to Asthmapolis servers and available on the web-based patient dashboard. The company has secured partnerships to trial the device with Dignity Health in Sacramento and the city of Louisville.

More than 500 registeredQuantified Self and

biohacking companies

Source: AliveCor

Health and healthcare data being integrated

with novel and sophisticated tools

Helping users better track, manage and

conduct research related to asthma



Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Asthmapolis inhaler

Asthmapolis iPhone app

Asthmapolis web screenshot

Source: Asthmapolis

Corventis Kleiner Perkins-backed Corventis (corventis.com) is one of the early innovators in the Quantified Self space, but with medical-technology roots. The Corventis system uses a stick-on patch to gather physiological information from a patient, which flows to a wireless device and then to a cloud application for analytics. It’s currently used for tracking arrhythmia patients, but the platform is capable of much more. It’s FDA and CE Mark approved for use in the USA and EU.

Figure 9

Corventis AVIVO system

Source: Corventis

Disclosure: Guest author Dave Asprey designed much of the original cloud backend for Corventis as an advisor and holds an equity stake.

Ginger IO Ginger IO (ginger.io) is an advanced behavioral profiling and health intervention application. Its platform uses advanced real-time sensing of mobile-phone sensor signals and data streams combined with user-reported information.

A stick-on patch used to gather physiological

information from a patient

An advanced behavioral profiling and health

intervention application

An early innovator in the Quantified Self space, but

with medical-tech roots



Using machine-learning and data mining, Ginger IO develops disease diagnosis and management platforms for clinicians and health researchers based solely on mobile-phone platforms.

Figure 10 Figure 11

Ginger IO mobile app Ginger IO screenshot

Source: Ginger IO

iBGStar The iBGStar is the first commercially available iPhone-compatible blood glucose-testing system. It was developed by AgaMatrix and has been commercially licensed by Sanofi-Adventis. This product has been a revolution in the blood glucose-monitoring ecosystem as it provides users with a small discrete blood glucose strip sensor that plugs into the 30-pin connector present on iOS devices. The device is accompanied by the iBGStar Diabetes Manager application that enables users to track additional diabetes-related parameters. Data related to a user’s blood glucose levels, notes and additional data can also be shared via the Diabetes Manager application. The iBGStar device is available at Walgreens and the Apple Store (US$99.95).

Proteus Biomedical Proteus Biomedical (proteusbiomed.com) is a medical innovation company pioneering the field of “intelligent medicine.” Proteus is currently developing and testing technology that enables patients and providers to better understand medication adherence, side effects and effectiveness in real-time. The company’s core technology product is the Raisin™ System, which consists of three interlinked components:

A very small (1mm) sensor applied to a pill that, when digested, sends an electrical signal to a body-worn patch or implanted device.

A patch or implanted device that receives signal information from the ingested pill and monitors patient physiological data such as heart rate, temperature and physical activity. This data can be then securely sent to a mobile device via Bluetooth.

A Bluetooth-enabled smartphone running the Proteus application can then receive, store and send patient data to a clinician or healthcare provider.

Proteus Biomedical is headquartered in Redwood City, California. It has partnered with technology, healthcare and pharmacology companies including Medtronic, ON Semiconductor and Novartis. It has received FDA 510k clearance for use in the USA and is CE Mark-certified for use in the EU.

Source: Proteus Biomedical

A pioneer in the field of “intelligent medicine”

The first commercially available iPhone-

compatible blood glucose-testing system



WellnessFX WellnessFX employs a Quantified Self business model to disrupt traditional lab-testing companies.

Most consumers only get medical-lab tests from their physicians, and the results are usually delivered in poorly explained reports. Recognizing that consumers are hungry for quality data about their health and wellness, WellnessFX reinvented medical-lab testing and reporting so that consumers can order a full suite of wellness-focused blood panels and access the results, including trends over time, via a slick web interface.

Figure 12

WellnessFX screenshot

Source: WellnessFX

The experience - and the value proposition - is entirely different from what one gets in a physician's office. At its heart is a data-centric Quantified Self business model tied to medical-lab testing as a service.

Angel investor Mike Maples of Floodgate Ventures describes the company, ‘WellnessFX is like Google Analytics for your own body. It totally changes the way you think about taking control of your health through measurement and ongoing experimentation with different diet, exercise and supplements.’

Disclosure: Dave Asprey is an advisor to WellnessFX and has an equity stake.

Personal genetics Genetic testing has been available for a while, but it's always been available through the doctor’s office. Personal genetics companies offer genetic testing direct to consumers and tie it to a web analytics platform that lets users

Reinventing medical-lab testing and reporting

Genetic testing now available direct to

consumers and tied to web analytics platform

Users access test results, including trends over

time, via web interface



analyze and understand the vast amount of data that comes with the genetic profile. There are amazing opportunities for crowd-sourced research and social sharing, and knowing that you are at an increased risk for certain genetic diseases can serve to motivate you to change behaviors or even join a research study.

23 and Me 23 and Me (23andme.com) is a personal genetics-testing service. Using a simple saliva sample kit, 23 and Me conducts testing for multiple different genetic factors. The service provides individuals information about their ancestry, physical traits, personal characteristics, medication responses and disease risk. Users must log onto the 23 and Me website to receive their susceptibility and genetic information on the over 240 diseases and disorders they currently screen for. Using medical and genetic research, the company constantly updates the conditions that may be associated with specific genetic markers. Users are able to download their complete genetic profile (raw data export) as well as contribute their data to ongoing research conducted by 23 and Me and its research partners.

A variety of additional personal genetic services are available, but must be ordered through a medical professional such as a genetic counselor or general practitioner (MD). These include:

Pathways Genomics: pathway.com

Navigenics: navigenics.com

Existence Genetics: existencegenetics.com

Personal disease/symptom applications Personal disease companies are quintessential examples of Quantified Self in action. The idea here is to use social networking and cloud-based applications to help people who share health conditions connect with each other, share data and ultimately cure their own diseases by learning things laboratories have not studied.

Cure Together Cure Together (curetogether.com) is a medical history and treatment platform designed to help individuals learn what treatments work best for specific conditions. Using detailed questionnaires and reports, users are able to anonymously contribute to the public information database and visualization. Information about symptoms, causes, treatments and side effects are available for over 500 different conditions for free.

Patients Like Me Patients Like Me (Patientslikeme.com) is one of the largest patient-centered disease and disorder communities. Its web application allows users to create profiles and provide information about their current medical condition along with details about their treatment, medication use and treatments. Patients Like Me focuses on providing a platform for interested individuals to share and compare information that centers on their specific disease or disorder. Data derived from users are then used for research purposes and/or sold to medical companies.

Personal health and fitness devices The personal health and fitness space is quite possibly the largest consumer space in the Quantified Self market. The number of devices and applications

A personal genetics-testing service, using a

simple saliva sample kit

Using social networking and cloud-based

applications to help people connect

Possibly the largest consumer space in the Quantified Self market



has steadily risen over the last few years and encompasses many different areas of personal health. Many of these devices support, or are related to, weight loss and weight control.

BeamBrush The Beam Toothbrush (beamtoothbrush.com) is an FDA-cleared wireless toothbrush sensor. The toothbrush consists of two parts, the sensor handle and the typical toothbrush head. The sensor handle uses sensors to detect when and for how long an individual brushes their teeth.

Data can then be transmitted, via Bluetooth, to a smartphone or tablet. Beam is developing applications that create unique experiences with its product such as contests and rewards for children who meet goals related to their oral care. Adding a sensor and a web backend can change something as simple as brushing teeth.

Figure 13

BeamBrush Toothbrush system

Source: BeamBrush

BodyMedia BodyMedia (bodymedia.com) has developed physical activity and energy expenditure sensing technology for a number of years. The company sells three types of sensors that take advantage of its core platform.

Using an armband-mounted sensor, the BodyMedia devices track movement (accelerometer), skin temperature, heat flux and galvanic skin response (sweat). Data are stored on the device and can be downloaded and viewed on the web or mobile devices using its proprietary Activity Manager Dashboard.

BodyMedia offers three different models of its armband. The BodyMedia Advantage (US$99) is the original sensing system and Activity Manager Dashboard. The Core (US$149) is a newer, smaller sensor and requires a subscription to access data via the Activity Manager Dashboard. The Link is a Bluetooth-enabled armband that can transmit data in real-time to the BodyMedia mobile application.

Interestingly, the first product was a device + app business model, which morphed into a device + service model in the second release, and then to a real-time data feed (biohacker friendly) in the third release.

Source: BodyMedia

Brushing data can be transmitted to a

smartphone or tablet

Developed physical activity and energy

expenditure sensing technology



Fitbit Fitbit (fitbit.com) designs and sells two tools to help individuals track their physical activity and weight. The Fitbit Ultra is a small wearable physical activity sensor. It uses an internal accelerometer and altimeter to process human movement into physical activity data. This is mainly in the form of steps, activity score, floors climbed and time spent in different activity-intensity categories. Data from the Fitbit Ultra are downloaded via wireless connection (ANT+) to a USB base station that is plugged into an internet-connected computer.

Following in the footsteps of the Withings wireless scale, Fitbit released the Aria wireless scale in the spring of 2012. Similar to the Withings scale, the Aria records and transmits body weight, BMI and body fat data over WiFi.

Figure 14 Figure 15

Fitbit Tracker (Fitbit Ultra) Fitbit Aria Scale

Source: FitBit

Data from both devices are accessible online with a user’s personal portal and through a mobile application. Both the web and mobile portal allow Fitbit users to track a variety of weight and other health-related metrics. Most popular among these is the highly integrated dietary tracker. Fitbit also offers users a premium yearly subscription that includes a digital trainer, more in-depth data analysis and reports, as well as increased access to health-tracking services.

Heart Math QuantumInTech (Heartmath.com and quantumintech.com) makes a device called the Heart Math emWave2 which helps consumers monitor - and change - their heart-rate variability. QuantumInTech is perhaps the oldest biohacking and Quantified Self company, with roots in the early 1990s in Silicon Valley. More than one million devices have been sold.

Using a device for a few minutes a day teaches people to consciously control aspects of their autonomic nervous systems that are tied to “fight or flight” stress. The result of the training is a dramatic reduction in stress markers and behaviors, improved sleep and enhanced executive function.

While the device can be used to measure and track heart-rate variability as a health indicator over time, it is primarily designed to train the user to have more control over it in short training sessions.

Disclosure: Dave Asprey is on the advisory board for QuantumInTech and is a Heart Math certified executive coach.

Source: Heart Math

Designs and sells two tools to help individuals

track their physical activity and weight



Health Month Health Month (healthmonth.com) is a web application that enables users to set and keep track of health-related goals and behaviors. Users are able to create three goals per month that relate to their personal health. Many goals are pre-set (eg, drink less soda, run x times per week, etc), but are highly configurable by the user. Every day, users are prompted to check in via email in order to state whether or not they have met their goal for the previous day.

Health Month employs lightweight game mechanics to encourage users to meet their goals. Individuals can also create groups for competitions or social support. Health Month offers users the ability to set more than three goals when a US$5/month subscription is purchased.

Lose It Lose It (loseit.com) is a mobile and web application that helps individuals lose weight through very thorough weight, exercise and dietary tracking. Users can set plans and then use the integrated tracking components to input weight, diet and physical activity data. All tracking through the application is done manually. Lose It boasts over five million users of its weight-tracking platform.

Nike+ (Nike Plus) Nike+ (nikeplus.nike.com/plus/) is a suite of products and services housed within the Nike Digital Sports group. It began as a collaboration with Apple and included a simple motion sensor that was embedded in Nike running shoes, which then communicated with an iPod dongle to relay running and walking information (speed, distance) to a user.

User data were then made available via an online portal. The Nike+ online portal displays user data, promotes challenges, makes workout plans available and connects with social networking. Since that initial offering, Nike+ has expanded into a variety of Quantified Self products:

Nike+ Running Application: A GPS-enabled running app enabling users to accurately track running speed and distance.

Nike+ Personal Trainer: Enables users to follow and track prescribed workout plans.

Nike+ Fuelband: A wrist-worn physical activity sensor. Using an accelerometer and Bluetooth communication, the Fuelband can track steps, energy expenditure and Nike Fuel (Nike’s proprietary activity score) and send data to a connected mobile phone or computer application.

Nike+ Training: Using newly developed technology, Nike is creating a line of training footwear with multiple sensors embedded in the insole and a sensor communication hub. The shoes can communicate with custom iPhone applications to help users track their workout stats.

Nike+ Basketball: Much like Nike+ Training, the basketball shoe uses embedded sensors to help users to better understand and track their vertical jump, quickness and movement during training and game play. It also uses an associated iPhone or computer application.

Nike+ Kinect Training: A training video game on the Xbox Kinect platform. Translates movement into Nike Fuel points and connects with a user’s Nike+ account.

Nike+ has expanded into a variety of Quantified

Self products

A web application that enables users to set and

keep track of health-related goals

A mobile and web application that helps

individuals lose weight



Runkeeper Runkeeper (runkeeper.com) is the largest mobile phone-based sports and physical activity tracking application, with over 10 million downloads.

Using the phone’s internal GPS, Runkeeper users track their outdoor physical activities and share them within the Runkeeper community and across additional social networks.

Runkeeper has developed a robust ecosystem of applications and data connectivity with other health and activity devices and sensors. Using their Health Graph API, application developers are able to integrate Runkeeper data and include their data in the Runkeeper platform. Runkeeper also provides paid performance-training plans.

Strava Strava (strava.com) is a ‘running and cycling performance application’ that uses the phone’s GPS and other connected sensors, such as heart-rate straps and cycling power meters, to provide thorough performance analytics.

One of the core features of Strava is the ability of users to track and compare their performance on specific “segments” that have been identified by Strava and the user community. This allows users to compete, explore and create unique challenges within their community.

Strava also features a premium model that enables users to more accurately track exertion level, competitions and provides more detailed analytics.

Withings Withings (withings.com) makes a range of wireless-enabled consumer health products. It is primarily known for its wireless bathroom scale and iOS-enabled blood-pressure sensor. Its WiFi bathroom scale connects to a local wireless network within a user’s home and can transmit weight, fat mass and BMI data for viewing on the web and mobile devices. The blood-pressure monitor connects to the 30-pin connector present on iOS devices (iPhone, iTouch, iPad). The blood-pressure cuff is triggered by the coordinating iOS application and can track blood pressure as well as heart rate. Withings will release a baby-specific wireless scale for parents to keep track of their child’s weight.

Figure 16 Figure 17

Withings WiFi bathroom scale Withings blood-pressure monitor

Source: Withings

The largest mobile phone-based sports and physical

activity tracking application

A running and cycling performance application

Primarily known for its wireless bathroom scale

and blood-pressure sensor



Sleep tracking Sleep is still largely a mystery and one of the reasons is that very few people ever conduct a sleep study. Most of us still wake up and judge how we slept based on how awake we feel without having any real data. For these reasons, sleep tracking is an important segment in the Quantified Self world. Low-cost sensors can gather an incredible wealth of information while you are asleep, so you can wake up knowing exactly how well you slept and come up with a plan to make it even better.

Bam Labs - Touch-free Life Care Bam Labs (bamlabs.com) has developed and is distributing an FDA-certified bed sensor, the Touch-free Life Care System (TLC). The TLC is a sensor mat that can be placed underneath any bed mattress. The multiple sensors contained within the TLC mat can continuously track heart rate, breathing rate, an individual’s motion and total time spent in the bed. The data can then be delivered via a HIPAA-compliant platform to web-enabled mobile devices like the iPhone and iPad. Developed mainly for the clinical care setting, the TLC System can be used by medical professionals to better understand patients’ sleeping habits, biological indicators and movement (or lack thereof).

Figure 18

Touch-free Life Care System

Source: Bam Labs

Lark Lark (lark.com) is a wrist-worn sleep sensor and mobile application designed to help users understand their sleep better and wake up easier. The sleep sensor uses movement sensing (accelerometers) and proprietary algorithms to determine sleep cycles and periods of awakening. Integrated into the sensor is a vibration motor that is used to gently wake the user without audible alarms.

The associated application can also be used to view sleep data and provide the user with sleep coaching. The baseline version of the Lark includes one seven-day assessment and sleep-coaching plan. The Lark Pro enables the user to undergo continuous sleep assessment and coaching for one year.

Sleep Cycle Sleep Cycle (sleepcycle.com) is a paid (US$0.99) application for the iPhone that allows users to track sleep using their phone. The application uses the phone’s internal accelerometer to detect an individual’s motion while sleeping. The phone is typically placed on the bed next to the user or underneath bed sheets in order to accurately detect small and large movements during sleep. In addition to tracking sleep cycles, the application also detects when a user enters a light sleep cycle during an alarm window and sets off the alarm.

Source: Lark

Sleep tracking is an important segment in the

Quantified Self world

An app that allows users to track sleep using their

phone

Developer of FDA-certified bed sensor



Figure 19

Sleep Cycle

Source: Sleep Cycle

Zeo The Zeo Personal Sleep Coach device (myzeo.com) is a consumer-grade product for sleep tracking using electroencephalography (EEG). The device consists of a sensor headband that tracks brainwaves in order to track of sleep cycles, sleep duration and periods of awakenings during sleep.

Data are transmitted from the sensor to the bedside alarm or mobile phone. The data can then be viewed on the alarm clock or using the mobile application. In addition, the Zeo can be used in conjunction with the SmartWake Alarm to easily wake up a user during the most optimal part of the sleep cycle.

The Zeo is currently available in two different versions:

Zeo Bedside: Incorporates an alarm-clock base station that collects and displays Zeo data.

Zeo Mobile: A smaller version of the Zeo Bedside that uses a mobile phone (iPhone or Android) and an associated application to collect and visualize sleep data.

Figure 20 Figure 21

Zeo Bedside Zeo Mobile

Source: Zeo

Provides a consumer-grade product for sleep

tracking using EEG

Tracks sleep cycles and detects when a user

enters a light sleep cycle during an alarm window



Mood tracking Mental health and mood tracking is a very popular area within Quantified Self. Several applications, both mobile and web-based, allow users to keep track, score and analyze their mood and mental/cognitive abilities. Biohackers also are fond of these apps because they provide good feedback on self-experiments involving brain and nervous system functions.

Mood Panda Mood Panda (moodpanda.com) is an iPhone and web application that creates an easy way to track and share users’ moods. Using a simple interactive diary, users can rate their daily mood. Historical mood data are visible using data visualizations and calendars to better understand the ebb and flow of moods across time. In addition to mood ratings, users are able to add text annotations via the web or mobile application. Users can also embed their mood ratings or the mood ratings of the community on their website or blog.

MoodScope MoodScope (moodscope.com) is a web application that helps individuals measure, track and share their current moods. MoodScope uses a version of the Positive Affect, Negative Affect Scale to measure mood. Different moods and mood levels are shown in the web browser using cards that are randomly ordered every day. After using the mood cards to indicate current feelings and emotions, users are given a score between 0 and 100%. The data are charted over time and available to the user. In addition, the user can choose trusted individuals to receive their scores via email in order to maintain or increase social support.

Quantified Mind Quantified Mind (quantifiedmind.com) is a web application that allows users to engage in web-based cognitive testing. The developers have ported 25 research-grade cognitive tests so that they can be administered easily over many occasions. Quantified Mind focuses on helping individuals who are engaging in their own self-experimentation in the area of mental and cognitive improvement. The developers are currently testing different cognitive testing strategies, automatic data analysis and statistical evaluation.

Disclosure: Dave Asprey is working with Quantified Mind on a research project studying the cognitive effects of proprietary processed coffee.

Finance-behavior tracking At first glance it's not obvious why finance-tracking applications are a part of the Quantified Self community. The reason they work so well is that they quantify and highlight users’ spending and saving patterns and present the data with money-saving recommendations. The revenue model is also very clear; Quantified Self finance-tracking companies make money when users purchase a financial service that they’ve recommended in their application.

Mint/Intuit Mint (mint.com) is an all-in-one financial-tracking and budgeting system. Users can sign up with Mint.com and use their mobile applications for free. In order to provide complete tracking, users must authenticate their financial information (username/password) with the service. When authentication is complete, Mint can display information related to total financial health including bank balances, categorized spending and bill due dates. Users are also able to set up budgets that are automatically tracked by the service.

Source: Mood Panda

Mental health and mood tracking is a very popular

area within Quantified Self

Finance-tracking apps present money-saving

recommendations

Users can measure, track and share their

current moods



Mint allows users to interact with their financial data through a series of web and mobile data visualizations. The Mint mobile-phone applications can also be used to deliver custom alerts for bills, balances and budgets.

Figure 22

Mint.com mobile application

Source: Intuit

The Birdy The Birdy (theBirdy.com) is a multisystem tracking application designed to allow users to easily track expenditures. Users are able to track their spending by responding to a daily email, using text messages (SMS), emailing specific purchases and/or tweeting spending information. The Birdy also support user-derived custom tags. Users can also set a simple budget using the free version. The paid version offers more detailed budgeting, data visualization and the ability to set recurring events and reminders.

Toshl Finance Toshl (toshl.com) is a finance-tracking application that is available for a variety of different mobile platforms. Using the mobile application, users enter their spending and apply user-derived custom tags in order to track their specific spending habits. Data are available on the mobile application, but a more global view of spending and interactive data visualization is available via the web application.

Proponents of the Toshl system prefer the simplicity, ease of use and the lack of bank authentication. Toshl offers both free and paid versions. The paid version supports improved analytics and data exportation options.

Geolocation tracking Another very popular area of Quantified Self is the active and passive collection of geolocation information. Specifically, the applications discussed below allow users and/or application developers to better understand where a user is. In many cases, this geolocation data can be leveraged to better understand commercial behavior and develop targeted advertising or communication systems.

Alohar Mobile Alohar Mobile (alohar.com) is a mobile development company that provides a location-based software development platform (SDK) that enables developers to easily integrate geospatial data in their applications. The company’s technology provides more accurate tracking of geolocation data by employing a combination of rich third-party data and predictive algorithms. Alohar’s

Delivers custom alerts for bills, balances and

budgets

Another very popular area is the active and passive collection of geolocation

information

Finance-tracking apps are available for a variety of

different mobile platforms

A multisystem tracking application designed to

allow users to easily track expenditures



Mobile Behavior Analytics engine integrates real-time sensing of a user’s behavior using data derived from the multiple sensors included in most smartphones. Behavioral triggers can be defined and specific application functions can be set to act upon location information.

Foursquare Foursquare (foursquare.com) is the most popular geolocation application across both iPhone and Android mobile platforms. Foursquare allows users to “check in” to locations using their mobile phones. Locations are identified by using the phone’s internal GPS and Foursquare’s unique geolocation database. The company also operates a location-specific social network, allowing users to see who is also checked in at a specific location as well as where their connected friends are checking in.

Foursquare provides users with location statistics via its application and website. Additionally, it enables businesses to offer rewards and incentives for users when they check in or when they reach a certain number of check-ins (eg, the mayor of the location). Brands are also able to create unique experiences around location check-ins.

The company recently developed a connected application portal that allows users to interact with other applications from within the Foursquare experience. For instance, if a user is using a diet application such Eat This, Not That and they check in to a fast-food location, then Foursquare can deliver the linked data (nutrition information) that are most applicable to that user.

Figure 23

Figure 24

Figure 25

Foursquare check-ins screenshot

Foursquare restaurant screenshot

Foursquare geolocation screenshot

Source: Foursquare

GeoLoqi GeoLoqi (geoloqi.com) is an application development company that is focused on geolocation software platforms. The GeoLoqi’s SDK allows application developers to add geolocation data and services to their products. Their platforms allow for a variety of new and interesting persistent real-time data fields to be captured. These include real-time location-tracking information, location-based messaging, geo-fencing and behavioral analytics. The SDK has been developed in order to provide a data-rich stream of information to be consumed and made available while conserving mobile-phone performance (especially battery life).

Google Latitude Latitude (Google.com/latitude) is Google’s geolocation offering. Latitude focuses on providing location information to a user’s social circle. Using mobile applications, Latitude can continuously sync, update and display the user’s location to friends who have been pre-selected to be notified.

Providing users with location statistics via its application and website

Providing location information to a user’s

social circle

Platforms allow for new and interesting persistent

real-time data fields to be captured



Using the mobile and web applications, users are able to see the location of individuals who have decided to share their Latitude data. A user can set location privacy so that specific location or just current city location is viewable. Similar to Foursquare, Latitude also allows users to check in to specific locations. Google also compiles location statistics and provides those to the user.

Productivity apps There are countless productivity applications for mobile devices and on the web, but very few of them are Quantified Self productivity apps. From a Quantified Self perspective, productivity is about measuring and quantifying what you do with your time so that you can become more aware of your habits and spot opportunities to be more efficient. It's a very data-driven process, and it's about as far away from a “to do list” as you can get.

iDoneThis iDoneThis (idonethis.com) is a very simple productivity and action-tracking web application. Users of the free system can simply reply to an email asking what they’ve accomplished (“done”) that day. The entries are then visible on the web platform and can be exported for analysis or visualization. iDoneThis also offers a business-focused version of their productivity-tracking systems that enables teams to be informed about what each team member has accomplished the previous day.

Rescue Time Rescue Time (rescuetime.com) is a background processing application for desktop and laptop computers that enables users to track their computer habits and productivity. The application runs in the background and keeps track of the applications a user is using as well as web-browsing habits.

Users can set productivity limits and value for certain applications and websites. Daily and weekly productivity information is available via the web interface. Rescue Time offers a paid and free version. In addition to automatic tracking, the paid version allows users to track non-web and application time as well as set goals and limit time spent on distracting applications and websites.

Data aggregators There is a push within the Quantified Self community to be able to visualize, process and make sense of multiple data streams from different tools, services and applications. These typically take the form of data aggregators. As discussed in the business-model section, aggregators may face challenges from sensor and device companies that don’t want to share data.

Fluxtream/BodyTrack Fluxtream (fluxtream.com) and BodyTrack (bodytrack.org) are open-source collaborative projects designed to allow individuals to upload, view and process their self-tracking data. BodyTrack is a project being run out of Carnegie Mellon University and has developed methods to pull data from a variety of different Quantified Self sources. Fluxtream was initially a stand-alone project, but in 2012 both projects have merged and begun building an open architecture.

Very few Quantified Self productivity apps

available

Aggregators may face challenges from sensor

and device firms that don’t want to share data

Enables users to track their computer habits

and productivity



Runkeeper As mentioned previously, Runkeeper (Runkeeper.com) is making a concerted effort to build the dominant consumer health-data platform with the introduction of its Health Graph API. This platform is currently limited to producing and sharing data streams from participating partners and other devices/services with data-sharing APIs.

Sense Sense (Sen.se) is currently developing and testing the Open Sen.se platform that enables individuals to create custom dashboards and data integrations from connected devices and services. In addition to allowing users to view and organize data streams, Sense is developing methods to connect data to real-world actions.

Much like the If This, Then That concept, the company is creating pathways between data and internet connected services that can be activated or engaged based on rules set by users. It is integrating an interesting service in its platform, data mashup and multiviz, which allows individuals to view and organize different data streams.

Miscellaneous tools Daytum Daytum (daytum.com) is a simple iPhone-based tracking system designed to allow users to track anything and create interesting data visualizations. It’s a very powerful data-visualization platform that is often used by Quantified Self style self-trackers.

Green Goose Green Goose (greengoose.com) has developed low-power wireless sensors that enable an individual to track the movement of just about any object. Using a receiver plugged into an internet router and a variety of sticker and micro sensor patches, individuals can track information about movement. Green Goose has developed two sensor packs and applications.

Petagonia: Helps pet owners understand when their dog should be fed and walked. Sensors applied to the leash and food (box/scoop) are used to understand when the pet has last been fed and/or walked. Reminders can be sent to the owner through the mobile application.

Brush Monkey: Makes it easy for parents to understand how long their children have been brushing their teeth. A sensor attached to the toothbrush measures how long the brush moves. The associated application triggers animated scenes to accompany the time spent brushing teeth.

Additional sensor packs and applications are being developed.

An iPhone-based tracking system to allow users to

track anything and create interesting visualizations

Low-power wireless sensors to track the

movement of just about any object

Developing a platform that enables users to

create custom dashboards and data integrations

Section 4: Opportunities for future growth Blue Books


Opportunities for future growth From a technology perspective, the Quantified Self movement is about collecting and managing personal data for analysis and sharing. The aggregation of thousands, even millions of users uploading and sharing their tracking information creates “Big Data” opportunities, which drives the need for technologies to store, secure, manage, analyze and disseminate information, insights and alerts. A most intriguing long-term opportunity is how individuals will drive the coming revolution in computational genomics; with companies like 23 and Me providing genetic testing to consumers and the cost of a sequenced human genome falling below US$1,000, the potential breakthroughs that could arise from analyzing millions of genomes is tremendous (assuming privacy issues can be appropriately addressed).

The rise of technologies that make it easier to collect personal data is driving exponential growth in self-tracking and self-experimentation within the Quantified Self movement. There is an inexorable trend towards sensors, systems and services that empower individuals to lead healthier and happier lives. We identify a few avenues of opportunity for future growth.

Passive, wearable and always-on computing technology Over the near term, the Quantified Self movement and companies that support it are focused on developing and implementing passive real-time monitoring for a wide variety of behavioral characteristics. This is already starting to be addressed with embedded sensors such as those in Nike Plus footwear and the background mobile-phone data processing being conducted by Ginger IO. The next stage of evolution for passive sensing technology will undoubtedly bring passive sensing closer to the individual with applications of wearable technology.

A number of companies are developing wearable sensors using sophisticated circuitry and electrical engineering research. Recently, Misfit Wearables (misfitwearables.com, led by Sonny Vu, the founder of AgaMatrix) secured funding to develop wearable sensing technology that can be applied to individuals with chronic diseases.

In May 2012, Reebok began a partnership with MC10 (mc10inc.com) to design and develop wireless health and activity tracking sensors. Sensor miniaturization and flexible circuitry will allow future devices to be worn more discretely and unobtrusively, while providing ever more comprehensive data streams.

In addition to new types of wearable sensors, there are also promising opportunities to capitalize on sensors already present in everyday technologies. Cardiio, a startup founded by three MIT PhD graduates, is developing non-touch health sensing technology using mobile and computer-based video cameras. The company has already begun testing passive heart-rate sensing technology that could be applied in a variety of settings.

Along the same lines, advances in video and image processing may provide new methods for gathering information about everyday activities. The recently demonstrated Google Glass project incorporates a specially designed wearable computer and heads-up display that can process video and take pictures. It is easy to imagine using the Glass platform with advanced visual processing to better understand a person’s dietary patterns or location information.

QS sensors, systems and services empower individuals to lead

healthier, happier lives

The next stage of passive sensing technology will

see applications of wearable technology

A number of companies are developing wearable

sensors

There are also opportunities to capitalize

on sensors already present in everyday technologies

Democratizing analytics -from the corporation

to the individual



Most Quantified Self devices currently rely on low-power wireless protocols such as Bluetooth or ANT+ in order to communicate with mobile phones or internet-connected devices. While these protocols allow users access to their data, the lack of real-time data streams severely hampers their ability to be used in the moment to support better understanding and advance behavioral applications that are part of biohacking efforts.

In our view, large telecommunications companies such as Qualcomm should be considering how to create sensor and microprocessor chipsets that support low-power always-on communication mechanisms with constant data streaming.

Automatic and actionable analysis What gets measured gets managed.

Peter Drucker, management consultant

The ethos of management through measurement has increasingly permeated business culture. The adoption of enterprise applications in the 1990s has created a “data dividend” by digitizing business processes. Businesses increasingly seek to turn data into insight to action through the use of Business Intelligence tools. We have seen analytics help optimize supply-chain management, marketing and risk management, transforming these disciplines into quantitative domains. Thomas Davenport’s 2007 book Competing on Analytics and the film Moneyball have elevated interest in analytics to the executive levels across industries. Not surprisingly, a cadre of tech-savvy individuals has sought to harness technologies to measure and optimize their own lives. We are seeing an explosion of innovation around self-measurement tools and technologies and believe these developments are relevant for investors both on a personal and professional level.

One of the major shortcomings of Quantified Self solutions is the lack of analytics that users can apply to data collected through Quantified Self devices and tools. For many early adopters in the Quantified Self movement, this has not been considered a hindrance as they are usually technologically savvy enough to handle data processing and analysis. For Quantified Self tools and devices to have widespread adoption, it is imperative that automatic data analysis be an integrated offering.

Tools and devices that can integrate multiple data streams and provide users with better understanding of their behavior and actions will generate a more satisfying user experience, especially for new users not steeped in data analysis and visualization.

Over time it will become imperative for future Quantified Self tools and devices to provide actionable information. In essence, tools should not only track individual behavior but also provide proactive, relevant recommendations that improve the individual’s ability to attain their goals or needs.

For example, most physical activity sensors track individual behavior and provide reports based on aggregated information. By combining real-time sensing and communication systems along with sophisticated data analysis techniques, future physical activity sensors will not just track activities but will also prompt users in real-time so to engage in specific physical activities in order to improve the likelihood of meeting weight loss or sports performance goals.

One of the major shortcomings of

Quantified Self solutions is the lack of analytics

Actionable recommendations will become imperative for

future offerings

We are seeing an explosion of innovation

around self-measurement tools and technologies



Beyond more sophisticated analysis provided by sensor developers, there may also be the need for data aggregation and analysis platforms that help individuals make sense of the variety of data streams they possess. Data aggregation must move beyond the idea of “data dashboards” that just reformat raw data towards increasingly advanced visualizations.

Data aggregators will also need to develop and design analysis components that learn and understand individual behavior patterns. Automatic analysis can then be benchmarked against “gold standard” values or compared to the behavioral patterns of other individuals. Comparison can naturally lead to systems that generate automatic prompts and reminders - to reinforce positive behaviors or diminish negative ones.

Connected systems and devices will be able to communicate directly with each other in order to make use of the correlated and comparable data streams. For example, a physical activity sensor may also connect with a diet tracking application and be able to present an individual with information about what he/she should be eating at the point of purchase in a grocery store or restaurant. The real-time flow of information across devices and services will allow for more complete, engaging experiences that closely match user expectations.

The “Internet of Things” Currently, data are generated by a variety of devices and applications we use in our everyday lives. However, most of this data are not captured, processed or made actionable. Improvements in technology manufacturing, the rise in internet-connected devices, and the improvements in cellular and WiFi connectivity will undoubtedly give rise to a new generation of data streams from devices and services. Consumer excitement regarding the ability to make use of connected devices is evident in wide-spread popularity of new sensor tools and devices.

The Twine from Super Mechanical (supermechanical.com) is a simple device and accompanying web service that allows individuals to set up simple event sensing and alert automation scenarios (eg, send a tweet when laundry is done, email when a plant needs to be watered, etc). Super Mechanical raised over US$500,000 in a Kickstarter campaign that far exceeded the initial funding request (US$35,000).

This idea of simple systems to connect appliances, information and simple sensors has been replicated by many different companies, such as Node by Variable Technologies (variabletech.com). Embedding internet connectivity and opening data streams in manufactured consumer products will also become much more commonplace. Already, we are beginning to see a trend towards this with companies such as Electric Imp producing small-scale WiFi cards that can be used in almost any electric device or product.

This trend is most likely to move beyond the creation of one-off sensors and tools that collect data and information. Connected and embedded sensors will permeate the normal everyday objects we interact with. The adoption of the IPv6 internet addressing standard will expand the number of unique devices addresses that can be connected to the internet from 4.2 billion to 3.4×1038 addresses, allowing virtually unlimited connectivity of devices.

Moving beyond the idea of “data dashboards”

towards increasingly advanced visualizations

Real-time data flow across devices and

services will enable more engaging experiences

Lots of data generated by devices and apps are not

captured or made analyzable

Connected and embedded sensors will permeate the

normal everyday objects

Internet-connected data streams from consumer

products will become more common



Cloud-computing services are changing feedback by aggregating lots of data and enabling analysis that previously would have been impossible. There are specialists that are collecting data to advance their own expertise: the Heart Math Institute knows about heart rates; Zeo knows about sleep; Brain State Technologies knows about brains and Nike Plus knows about aerobic activity.

With the benefits of advances in technology and connectivity, we will see the move beyond the Quantified Self and into the Quantified World. There will be growing need to create analytical models that generate actionable information based on user prompts as well. This information will incorporate data coming from users’ bodies and behaviors as well as data from a growing world of connected devices surrounding us.

We will see the move beyond the Quantified

Self and into the Quantified World

Cloud-computing services are changing feedback

Section 5: Biohacking an upgraded self Blue Books


Biohacking an upgraded self Dave Asprey provides a first-person example of the successes of applying Quantified Self tools and techniques to biohacking. He chronicles many of his findings on his website The Bulletproof Executive (Bulletproofexec.com). In his presentations, Asprey contrasts pictures of himself to illustrate his transformation since he undertook efforts to “hack” his own biology. Asprey was an early entrepreneur selling t-shirts on the web in 1995, weighing 300lbs, working out six days a week and eating 1,800 calories a day. In 1999, Asprey was working out three hours a week and weighed 250lbs. In 2010, he dropped to 200lbs, improved his IQ, vision, hearing and memory, exercising just 15 minutes a week.

Figure 26

The transformation of a biohacker

Source: Dave Asprey

Over the past 15 years he has invested US$250,000, consulted hundreds of top experts and read thousands of scientific papers. His biohacking techniques are based on hard data and personal experience, measuring results with a careful correlation over time and incorporating real-time feedback. Employing systems thinking, the biohacking ethos views the body as hardware and the mind as software. Asprey’s quest to upgrade both body and mind led to spending time with shamans in Peru and meditating in a monastery in Tibet. Along the way came the realization that Buddhists are the best brain hackers - they know things about the brain that others take years to discover.

Meet your exposome One of the important concepts to emerge is the importance of the exposome, which is essentially a master list of every toxin or environmental stimulus your body encounters during your lifetime, from pollution to metabolic byproducts to the environment. In Asprey’s view, the exposome is bigger than the genome, ultimately much more important to the health than the genome - and a lot easier to hack. Controlling and monitoring the toxins the body is exposed to can have a significantly beneficial impact on health and cognitive function; this thinking is emerging and worth monitoring.

Leaner, smarter and more productive

Dave Asprey is a first-person case study of

biohacking and Quantified Self success

Biohacking ethos views the body as hardware and

the mind as software

Controlling and monitoring toxins can

significantly benefit health



The top six biohacks to upgrade body and mind We’ve summarized a few of the best biohacks to improve body and mind. Many of the devices referenced are included elsewhere in this report. We also include Bulletproof Diet graphics as a reference. (Note these techniques are not endorsed or certified by licensed medical practitioners. CLSA/Credit Agricole Securities (USA) and David Asprey assume no liability for results of these suggestions).

Upgrade your head There are a number of things that can benefit brain function. Of primary importance is a diet including plenty of high-quality fats, specifically egg yolks, coconut oil and grass-fed butter - these will help the brain. Other techniques include meditation; fixing (or hacking) sleep using a Zeo (or other device) and using EEG-based neurofeedback, which is the most efficient and powerful biohack of all, although the cost is prohibitive to most people (US$2,500 up to US$20,000 for a full series of training). Results have found an increase of 12 IQ points and a 50% increase in creative output.

Train your heart This does not refer to cardio; too much extended cardio can actually wear your body out. One of the most effective methods is to use heart-rate variability feedback devices like the Heart Math Institute’s EmWave 2. These devices balance a user’s sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Effective use modulates the endocrine and immune function, and increases brain function and executive function. These devices help train for high heart- rate variability, which can be a great predictor of how healthy a user is and how long he/she lives.

Learn to breathe Learning to breathe properly is a simple but highly beneficial practice. Recommended are programs include Art of Living or similar pranayama with 10-second cycles, practiced daily for at least 40 days. Proper breathing can benefit immunity, brain function and reduce stress, and users might consider biofeedback devices.

Learn to use your body A constructive hack is to figure out how to control all the muscles. First learn how to relax then strengthen them. Use galvanic skin response feedback devices, or engage in yoga or other functional equivalent.

Maintain your hardware In Asprey’s experience, much of the conventional wisdom around diets has proven ineffective (or even counterproductive) as limiting your calories tells your body you are starving and induces negative genetic changes. Healthy fat is beneficial, grains are harmful. Asprey eats at least 100 grams of healthy fat per day (including grass-fed butter and grass-fed red meat). The best approach is to choose less toxic food and cook it less. Try to be in ketosis often. Eat happy things that ate healthy stuff (grass-fed beef, in particular). Bind toxins as you go. Exercise at high intensity for short durations.

Take Vitamin D Dave Asprey takes 1,000 IU of Vitamin D for every 25lbs of body weight and notes that those with darker skin should take even more than lighter-skinned people.

We’ve summarized a few of the best biohacks to

improve body and mind

High-quality fats can help brain function

Heart-rate variability feedback devices

are effective

Learning to breathe properly is a simple but

highly beneficial practice

A constructive body hack is to figure out how to control all the muscles

Eat happy things that ate healthy stuff

Asprey takes 1,000 IU of Vitamin D for every 25lbs

of body weight



High-performance nutrition Figure 27

The Bulletproof Diet - Proteins

Source: Bulletproofexec.com

Figure 28

The Bulletproof Diet - Oils and Fats


Figure 29

The Bulletproof Diet - Cooking


Figure 30

The Bulletproof Diet - Veggies and Fruits




Figure 31

The Bulletproof Diet - Grains


Figure 32

The Bulletproof Diet - Dairy


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Life 2.0 - Biohacking and the Quantified Self

Technology

Transcript of Life 2.0 - Biohacking and the Quantified Self