• LIEUTENANT GENERAL THE HONOURABLE SIR JULIAN BYNG LIEUTENANT GENERAL THE HONOURABLE SIR JULIAN BYNG VISCOUNT OF VIMYVISCOUNT OF VIMY

• GALLIPOLI EVACUATION, MAY 1916 CO OF 1GALLIPOLI EVACUATION, MAY 1916 CO OF 1STST CDN CORPS CDN CORPS

• ARISTOCRAT, LOVED BY MEN BYNG’S BOYSARISTOCRAT, LOVED BY MEN BYNG’S BOYS

• TRAINED MEN HARD, PROMOTED CAPABLE CANADIAN TRAINED MEN HARD, PROMOTED CAPABLE CANADIAN OFFICERS (FIRED DOLLAR MAGNATES)OFFICERS (FIRED DOLLAR MAGNATES)

• XO WAS CURRIEXO WAS CURRIE

• BOTH PLANNED NEW TACTICSBOTH PLANNED NEW TACTICS

• TACTICS USED AT VIMY UNIQUE, WIN THE BATTLE. AFTER TACTICS USED AT VIMY UNIQUE, WIN THE BATTLE. AFTER HE WAS PROMOTED TO COMMAND BR 3HE WAS PROMOTED TO COMMAND BR 3RDRD ARMY ARMY

• AFTER WAR CDN GOVERNOR GENERALAFTER WAR CDN GOVERNOR GENERAL

• CONSTITUTIONAL CRISIS WITH MACKENZIE KINGCONSTITUTIONAL CRISIS WITH MACKENZIE KING

• GENERAL SIR ARTHUR CURRIEGENERAL SIR ARTHUR CURRIE

• REAL ESTATE DEALER, HIGH SCHOOL TEACHER FROM REAL ESTATE DEALER, HIGH SCHOOL TEACHER FROM VICTORIAVICTORIA

• NO MILITARY EXPERIENCE OTHER THAN MILITIA TRAINING NO MILITARY EXPERIENCE OTHER THAN MILITIA TRAINING (50(50THTH HIGHLAND BATTALION FROM BC) HIGHLAND BATTALION FROM BC)

• GARNET HUGHES CONVINCED FATHER SAM TO HAUL GARNET HUGHES CONVINCED FATHER SAM TO HAUL CURRIE OUT OF RETIREMENT IN 1914CURRIE OUT OF RETIREMENT IN 1914

• BRIG GEN AT ST JULIEN (2BRIG GEN AT ST JULIEN (2NDND BATTALION) BATTALION)

• SEPTEMBER 1915 FIRST CANADIAN DIVISIONSEPTEMBER 1915 FIRST CANADIAN DIVISION

• JUNE 1917 KNIGHTED AND PROMOTED TO COMMAND THE JUNE 1917 KNIGHTED AND PROMOTED TO COMMAND THE CANADIAN CORPSCANADIAN CORPS

• ONLY ROSE SO FAR B/C CDNONLY ROSE SO FAR B/C CDN

• GREAT INNOVATOR TACTICIAN (MOUNT SORREL, VIMY, AND GREAT INNOVATOR TACTICIAN (MOUNT SORREL, VIMY, AND OTHERSOTHERS

• PAY THE PRICE IN SHELLS NOT MENPAY THE PRICE IN SHELLS NOT MEN

• ATTACK ONLY WHEN PREPAREDATTACK ONLY WHEN PREPARED

• CLASHED WITH HUGHES OVER ROSS, GARNETCLASHED WITH HUGHES OVER ROSS, GARNET

• CLASHED WITH HAIG OVER PASCHENDALE, CLASHED WITH HAIG OVER PASCHENDALE, MONS, MONS,

• AFTER WAR COOL RECEPTION BACK HOMEAFTER WAR COOL RECEPTION BACK HOME

• LIBEL TRIALLIBEL TRIAL

• CURRIE WINS, BECOMES PRINCIPAL OF MCGILL CURRIE WINS, BECOMES PRINCIPAL OF MCGILL AND DIED IN 1933 CANADA’S GREATEST AND DIED IN 1933 CANADA’S GREATEST MILITARY HERO OF ALL TIME. UNKNOWNMILITARY HERO OF ALL TIME. UNKNOWN

VIMY TO THE 100 DAYSVIMY TO THE 100 DAYS

• VIMY ONLY VICTORY AT ARRAS OFFENSIVEVIMY ONLY VICTORY AT ARRAS OFFENSIVE

• BRITISH TO SOUTH NO NEW PLAN, SIMILAR TO BRITISH TO SOUTH NO NEW PLAN, SIMILAR TO SOMMESOMME

• DID NOT USE NEW TECHNOLOGY, OR TACTICSDID NOT USE NEW TECHNOLOGY, OR TACTICS

• THUS ARRAS OFFENSIVE NOT THE BREAKING POINT THUS ARRAS OFFENSIVE NOT THE BREAKING POINT OF THE WAR THAT THE ALLIES HAD HOPED IT MAY OF THE WAR THAT THE ALLIES HAD HOPED IT MAY BE THAT EASTERBE THAT EASTER

• B/C OF FLANK GER RETREAT ALONG B/C OF FLANK GER RETREAT ALONG WHOLE FRONTWHOLE FRONT

• BOTH BYNG CURRIE PROMOTED AND BOTH BYNG CURRIE PROMOTED AND KNIGHTED (BYNG TO 3KNIGHTED (BYNG TO 3RDRD ARMY, CURRIE ARMY, CURRIE TO CDN CORPS)TO CDN CORPS)

• SAM WANTS GARNET TO GET FIRST DIVSAM WANTS GARNET TO GET FIRST DIV

• CURRIE REFUSED LEADS TO HATRED CURRIE REFUSED LEADS TO HATRED BTW TWOBTW TWO

• SUMMER OF 1917 NEW OFF PLANNEDSUMMER OF 1917 NEW OFF PLANNED

• HAIG’S CALLED FOR A BREAKOUT IN FLANDERS, HAIG’S CALLED FOR A BREAKOUT IN FLANDERS, (THIRD BATTLE OF YPRES, OR PASCHENDALE) (THIRD BATTLE OF YPRES, OR PASCHENDALE)

• OUTFLANK GERMAN POSITIONS, CUT OFF U-OUTFLANK GERMAN POSITIONS, CUT OFF U-BOAT ENDING BLOCKADE, MARCH TO BERLINBOAT ENDING BLOCKADE, MARCH TO BERLIN

• NEEDED TO END WAR (RUSSIAN, FRENCH NEEDED TO END WAR (RUSSIAN, FRENCH MUTINY, BR ON VERGE OF STARVATION)MUTINY, BR ON VERGE OF STARVATION)

• IN BR A PEACE AT ALL COSTS MOVEMENTIN BR A PEACE AT ALL COSTS MOVEMENT

• HAIG FELT GER WORSE, ONE BIG PUSH COULD HAIG FELT GER WORSE, ONE BIG PUSH COULD WIN, BUT HASN’T CHANGED TACTICS. SAME AS WIN, BUT HASN’T CHANGED TACTICS. SAME AS SOMMESOMME

• STRATEGIC REASONS SOON DISAPPEAR IN MUDSTRATEGIC REASONS SOON DISAPPEAR IN MUD

• SLAUGHTER JUST LIKE SOMMESLAUGHTER JUST LIKE SOMME

• YPRES HIGH WATER TABLE, DRAINED MARSHYPRES HIGH WATER TABLE, DRAINED MARSH

• ATTACK IN RAINY SEASON, BOMBS ATTACK IN RAINY SEASON, BOMBS DESTROYED DRAINAGE SYSDESTROYED DRAINAGE SYS

• DURING BATTLE 4.2 MILLION SHELLS FIREDDURING BATTLE 4.2 MILLION SHELLS FIRED

• PRE-BOMBARDMENT ALERTED GERMANS THAT PRE-BOMBARDMENT ALERTED GERMANS THAT ATTACK COMING, SAFE IN BUNKERSATTACK COMING, SAFE IN BUNKERS

• THE TROOPS HAD TO ATTACK THROUGH MUD THE TROOPS HAD TO ATTACK THROUGH MUD WAIST DEEPWAIST DEEP

• BATTLEFIELD A QUAGMIRE, MEN DIED FOR BATTLEFIELD A QUAGMIRE, MEN DIED FOR MONTHSMONTHS

• HAIG WAS WARNED AGAINST THE ATTACK HAIG WAS WARNED AGAINST THE ATTACK IN JULYIN JULY

• FOCH ADVISED AGAINST THE ATTACK, AS FOCH ADVISED AGAINST THE ATTACK, AS DID BRITISH GENERALS IN THE SECTOR, AND DID BRITISH GENERALS IN THE SECTOR, AND PM LLOYD GEORGE HIMSELFPM LLOYD GEORGE HIMSELF

• HAIG CONVINCED NEEDED, AND HIS PLAN HAIG CONVINCED NEEDED, AND HIS PLAN WOULD WORK TO END WARWOULD WORK TO END WAR

• CDN CORPS NOT HERE EARLY ON, AVOID CDN CORPS NOT HERE EARLY ON, AVOID SLAUGHTERSLAUGHTER

• AUG/SEPT CORPS GIVEN DIVERSIONARY AUG/SEPT CORPS GIVEN DIVERSIONARY TACTIC AT HILL 70 AND LENS (VIMY SECTOR)TACTIC AT HILL 70 AND LENS (VIMY SECTOR)

• HAIG ORDERS DIRECT FRONTAL ASSAULT, HAIG ORDERS DIRECT FRONTAL ASSAULT, CURRIE REFUSES PLAN LIKE VIMYCURRIE REFUSES PLAN LIKE VIMY

• STRONG POINTS THEN MOP UPSTRONG POINTS THEN MOP UP

• CREEPING BARRAGE, SERIES OR RAIDS, FINAL CREEPING BARRAGE, SERIES OR RAIDS, FINAL ASSAULT, HILL 70 TAKEN IN 20 MINUTESASSAULT, HILL 70 TAKEN IN 20 MINUTES

• COUNTER ATTACK USES MUSTARD GAS FOR COUNTER ATTACK USES MUSTARD GAS FOR FIRST TIMEFIRST TIME

• DON’T TAKE LENS BUT HILL 70 MAKES LENS DON’T TAKE LENS BUT HILL 70 MAKES LENS USELESSUSELESS

• MEANWHILE IN PASCHENDALE NOT GOODMEANWHILE IN PASCHENDALE NOT GOOD

• ANZACS, BR NOT DOING WELLANZACS, BR NOT DOING WELL

• NOT STRATEGIC ANYMORE CAN’T OUTFLANK NOT STRATEGIC ANYMORE CAN’T OUTFLANK AND U-BOATS PROTECTEDAND U-BOATS PROTECTED

• STILL HAIG CONTINUED, THOUSANDS LOST IN STILL HAIG CONTINUED, THOUSANDS LOST IN MUDMUD

• BY OCTOBER, HAIG ORDERS IN CDN CORPSBY OCTOBER, HAIG ORDERS IN CDN CORPS

PASCHENDALEPASCHENDALE

• CURRIE GIVEN PLAN REFUSESCURRIE GIVEN PLAN REFUSES

• APPEALS TO HAIG, END THE SLAUGHTER, LET APPEALS TO HAIG, END THE SLAUGHTER, LET GERMANS HAVE MUDGERMANS HAVE MUD

• HAIG REFUSES, CURRIE OVER HIS HEADHAIG REFUSES, CURRIE OVER HIS HEAD

• THREATENED WITH INSUBORDINATION, IN END THREATENED WITH INSUBORDINATION, IN END AGREES BUT SAYS WILL COST 16,000 AND WE’LL AGREES BUT SAYS WILL COST 16,000 AND WE’LL GO ONLY WHEN WE ARE READYGO ONLY WHEN WE ARE READY

• CDNS FIGHT AS UNIT NOT UNDER BR THERE AS CDNS FIGHT AS UNIT NOT UNDER BR THERE AS INCOMPETENT INCOMPETENT

• GOT TIME TO PREPARE, GOT MORE GUNS, GOT GOT TIME TO PREPARE, GOT MORE GUNS, GOT DUCKWALKS, (BR THOUGHT STUPID.)DUCKWALKS, (BR THOUGHT STUPID.)

• CDN SAW MILL TO MAKE CORDUROY ROADSCDN SAW MILL TO MAKE CORDUROY ROADS

PASCHENDALE

THE ROADS

THE CRATERS (IN 2.5 SQUARE KM OVER500,000 CRATERS)

TENS OF THOUSANDSOF MEN DISAPPEAREDIN THIS MUD

• THIS BATTLE WITHIN ONE MILE OF ST THIS BATTLE WITHIN ONE MILE OF ST JULIENJULIEN

• CDN ATTACK END OF OCT 1917, CDN ATTACK END OF OCT 1917, ALREADY 1500 CASUALTIES FROM ALREADY 1500 CASUALTIES FROM SHELLINGSHELLING

• ATTACK IN SMALL STRONG RAIDS ATTACK IN SMALL STRONG RAIDS

• BATTLE DIVIDED INTO 4 STAGES BATTLE DIVIDED INTO 4 STAGES

• STAGE ONE SILENCE MG POSTS AND STAGE ONE SILENCE MG POSTS AND PILLBOXESPILLBOXES

• HINDENBURG ORDERED HOLD AT ALL COSTS. HINDENBURG ORDERED HOLD AT ALL COSTS. (PRUSSIANS)(PRUSSIANS)

• YET BY NOVEMBER THE 12TH THE TOWN OF YET BY NOVEMBER THE 12TH THE TOWN OF PASSCHENDAELE AND THE RIDGE TOO WAS PASSCHENDAELE AND THE RIDGE TOO WAS SECURELY IN CANADIAN HANDS. SECURELY IN CANADIAN HANDS.

• BR ECSTATIC, SEND OFFICER TO ENSURE BR ECSTATIC, SEND OFFICER TO ENSURE (CRIES)(CRIES)

• ““WITH AN ARMY OF SUCH MEN, I COULD GO WITH AN ARMY OF SUCH MEN, I COULD GO ANYWHERE!”ANYWHERE!”

• MID NOVEMBER CDNS RELIEVED 15,564 MID NOVEMBER CDNS RELIEVED 15,564 CASUALTIES, CURRIE NEVER KNEW THE CASUALTIES, CURRIE NEVER KNEW THE REASON WHYREASON WHY

• BR 500,000 MEN VS 250,000 GERMANS FOR BR 500,000 MEN VS 250,000 GERMANS FOR 2.5 SQ KM OF MUD2.5 SQ KM OF MUD

• BATTLE TOO LONG, CAN’T OUTFLANKBATTLE TOO LONG, CAN’T OUTFLANK

• BR ABANDON THE RIDGE IN 1918 (LUDENDORFF BR ABANDON THE RIDGE IN 1918 (LUDENDORFF OFFENSIVE AS NOT WORTH DEFENDING)OFFENSIVE AS NOT WORTH DEFENDING)

• LOSSES IN VAINLOSSES IN VAIN

• SEIGFRIED SASSOON A BRITISH OFFICER:SEIGFRIED SASSOON A BRITISH OFFICER:

• ““I DIED IN HELL, THEY CALLED IT I DIED IN HELL, THEY CALLED IT PASSCHENDAELE. MY WOUND WAS SLIGHT AND I PASSCHENDAELE. MY WOUND WAS SLIGHT AND I WAS HOBBLING BACK; AND THEN A SHELL BURST WAS HOBBLING BACK; AND THEN A SHELL BURST SLICK UPON THE DUCKBOARDS; SO I FELL INTO SLICK UPON THE DUCKBOARDS; SO I FELL INTO THE BOTTOMLESS MUD, AND LOST THE LIGHT”THE BOTTOMLESS MUD, AND LOST THE LIGHT”

• 47,000 BR DISAPPEAR IN MUD47,000 BR DISAPPEAR IN MUD

• CURRIE REFUSED PRAISECURRIE REFUSED PRAISE

• 55THTH DIV NOW BROKEN UP DIV NOW BROKEN UP

• MENIN GATE YPRES MENIN GATE YPRES

• 55,00 NAMES (7,000 CDNS)55,00 NAMES (7,000 CDNS)

• CEREMONIES HELD DAILY CEREMONIES HELD DAILY

LAST POST CEREMONYLAST POST CEREMONY

•LUDENDORFF OFFENSIVELUDENDORFF OFFENSIVE

• 1917 TREATY OF BREST-LITOVSK1917 TREATY OF BREST-LITOVSK

• AMERICANS ENTER WARAMERICANS ENTER WAR

• LUDENDORFF WANTED TO ATTACK NOWLUDENDORFF WANTED TO ATTACK NOW

• 178 DIVISIONS (NUMERICAL SUPREMACY 178 DIVISIONS (NUMERICAL SUPREMACY FOR FIRST TIME)FOR FIRST TIME)

• NEW TACTICS, STORM TROOPERS, NEW TACTICS, STORM TROOPERS, ATTACK STRONG POINTS OPEN BREECH, ATTACK STRONG POINTS OPEN BREECH, FOLLOW UP, FLUIDITY (SIM TO CDN FOLLOW UP, FLUIDITY (SIM TO CDN CORPS)CORPS)

• 2 PRONGED ATTACK, NORTH VS BR 2 PRONGED ATTACK, NORTH VS BR AND SOUTH VS FRAND SOUTH VS FR

• DID NOT ATTACK CENTER (CDN DID NOT ATTACK CENTER (CDN CORPS)CORPS)

• B/C OF CDNS? DEFENSIVE POSITION? B/C OF CDNS? DEFENSIVE POSITION? BOTH! BOTH!

• CDNS IN CENTER OF HUGE SALIENTCDNS IN CENTER OF HUGE SALIENT

• ASSUMED WIPE OUT, CURRIE ASSUMED WIPE OUT, CURRIE SPEECHSPEECH

• TODAY, THE FATE OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE TODAY, THE FATE OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE HANGS IN THE BALANCE. I PLACE MY TRUST IN HANGS IN THE BALANCE. I PLACE MY TRUST IN THE CANADIAN CORPS, KNOWING THAT WHERE THE CANADIAN CORPS, KNOWING THAT WHERE CANADIANS ARE ENGAGED THERE CAN BE NO CANADIANS ARE ENGAGED THERE CAN BE NO GIVING WAY. YOU WILL ADVANCE OR FALL GIVING WAY. YOU WILL ADVANCE OR FALL WHERE YOU STAND FACING THE ENEMY. TO WHERE YOU STAND FACING THE ENEMY. TO THOSE OF YOU WHO WILL FALL I SAY YOU THOSE OF YOU WHO WILL FALL I SAY YOU WILL NOT DIE, BUT STEP INTO IMMORTALITY. WILL NOT DIE, BUT STEP INTO IMMORTALITY. YOUR MOTHERS WILL NOT LAMENT YOUR FATE YOUR MOTHERS WILL NOT LAMENT YOUR FATE BUT WILL BE PROUD TO HAVE BORN SUCH BUT WILL BE PROUD TO HAVE BORN SUCH SONS. YOUR NAMES WILL BE REVERED SONS. YOUR NAMES WILL BE REVERED FOREVER AND EVER BY YOUR GRATEFUL FOREVER AND EVER BY YOUR GRATEFUL COUNTRY AND GOD WILL TAKE YOU UNTO COUNTRY AND GOD WILL TAKE YOU UNTO HIMSELF. I TRUST YOU TO FIGHT AS YOU HAVE HIMSELF. I TRUST YOU TO FIGHT AS YOU HAVE EVER FOUGHT WITH ALL YOUR STRENGTH, EVER FOUGHT WITH ALL YOUR STRENGTH, WITH ALL YOU TRANQUIL COURAGE, WITH ALL WITH ALL YOU TRANQUIL COURAGE, WITH ALL YOUR DETERMINATION. ON MANY A HARD YOUR DETERMINATION. ON MANY A HARD FOUGHT FIELD OF BATTLE YOU HAVE FOUGHT FIELD OF BATTLE YOU HAVE OVERCOME THE ENEMY. WITH GOD’S HELP OVERCOME THE ENEMY. WITH GOD’S HELP YOU SHALL ACHIEVE VICTORY ONCE MORE.YOU SHALL ACHIEVE VICTORY ONCE MORE.

• CDNS NEVER ATTACKEDCDNS NEVER ATTACKED

• SIT CRITICAL, HAIG WANTS TO SIT CRITICAL, HAIG WANTS TO BREAK UP CDN CORPS (FRESH)BREAK UP CDN CORPS (FRESH)

• CURRIE REFUSES, WAR OFFICE, CURRIE REFUSES, WAR OFFICE, BORDEN HIMSELFBORDEN HIMSELF

• DOESN’T HAPPEN, SECOND MIRACLE DOESN’T HAPPEN, SECOND MIRACLE OF MARNEOF MARNE

• GER MUST CONSOLIDATE, BR MUST GER MUST CONSOLIDATE, BR MUST COUNTER (WILL USE FRESH CDN COUNTER (WILL USE FRESH CDN CORPS TO SPEARHEAD)CORPS TO SPEARHEAD)

• CDNS MOVED TO YPRES AS CDNS MOVED TO YPRES AS TRICK (GER MOVE DEFENSES)TRICK (GER MOVE DEFENSES)

• IN SECRET CDNS THEN MARCHED IN SECRET CDNS THEN MARCHED SOUTH TO AMIENS SECTORSOUTH TO AMIENS SECTOR

• FRENCH DELIGHTED (DISCOVER FRENCH DELIGHTED (DISCOVER WHO WE ARE BY THOSE VAN WHO WE ARE BY THOSE VAN DOOS.DOOS.

• AMIENSAMIENS

• AMIENS NOT FULLY DEFENDED AS NEWLY WONAMIENS NOT FULLY DEFENDED AS NEWLY WON

• CURRIE ATTACKS QUICKLY, NO PRE BOMBING, CURRIE ATTACKS QUICKLY, NO PRE BOMBING, JUST CREEPINGJUST CREEPING

• AMIENS HAS 400 NEWEST TANKSAMIENS HAS 400 NEWEST TANKS

• ON AUGUST 8TH THE CANADIAN CORPS ON AUGUST 8TH THE CANADIAN CORPS ADVANCES EIGHT MILESADVANCES EIGHT MILES

• BRITISH HQ STAFF ARRIVE TO VERIFY THE BRITISH HQ STAFF ARRIVE TO VERIFY THE SUCCESS. THEY DO NOT KNOW WHAT TO DO. SUCCESS. THEY DO NOT KNOW WHAT TO DO. (TOO FAR TOO FAST)(TOO FAR TOO FAST)

• ASK CURRIE WHAT TO DO? CURRIE RESPONDS ASK CURRIE WHAT TO DO? CURRIE RESPONDS WITH THE GOING SEEMS GOOD, LET’S GO ONWITH THE GOING SEEMS GOOD, LET’S GO ON

• AUG 9AUG 9THTH ANOTHER 9 KM ANOTHER 9 KM

• 4 GER DIVS WIPED OUT, 17 OTHERS PULLED 4 GER DIVS WIPED OUT, 17 OTHERS PULLED FROM BATTLEFROM BATTLE

• GERMAN INTELLIGENCE OFFICER REFUSED GERMAN INTELLIGENCE OFFICER REFUSED TO BELIEVE CDNSTO BELIEVE CDNS

• AUG 8AUG 8THTH BLACK DAY OF GERMAN ARMY BLACK DAY OF GERMAN ARMY

• LUDENDORFF’S BROTHER IN LAW SAID NOT LUDENDORFF’S BROTHER IN LAW SAID NOT OUR FAULT, CREAM OF FRENCH AND OUR FAULT, CREAM OF FRENCH AND VAUNTED CDN CORPSVAUNTED CDN CORPS

• THOUSANDS OF GERMAN POWSTHOUSANDS OF GERMAN POWS

• AFTER THIS ATTACK THE KAISER BEGINS AFTER THIS ATTACK THE KAISER BEGINS PEACE NEGOTIATIONS PEACE NEGOTIATIONS

• AMIENS PUSHES GER BACK TO HINDENBURG AMIENS PUSHES GER BACK TO HINDENBURG LINELINE

• HERE AMIENS GRINDS TO HALTHERE AMIENS GRINDS TO HALT

• WEATHER ALSO BECAME A LIMITING ISSUEWEATHER ALSO BECAME A LIMITING ISSUE

• THE CANADIANS WERE PULLED FROM THE THE CANADIANS WERE PULLED FROM THE SECTOR TO SPEARHEAD ANOTHER SECTOR TO SPEARHEAD ANOTHER OFFENSIVE FURTHER NORTHOFFENSIVE FURTHER NORTH

• DROCOURT SWITCHDROCOURT SWITCH

• LINE LINKED HINDENBURG TO 1914 LINE AFTER VIMYLINE LINKED HINDENBURG TO 1914 LINE AFTER VIMY

• WAS INCREDIBLY DEEP AND STRONG, CONSIDERED WAS INCREDIBLY DEEP AND STRONG, CONSIDERED IMPREGNABLE THAT’S WHY CDNS GET THE JOBIMPREGNABLE THAT’S WHY CDNS GET THE JOB

• HAIG NEW IF FALLS OUTFLANK GER LINEHAIG NEW IF FALLS OUTFLANK GER LINE

• FOCH VISITS, PRAISES. HOPES TO TAKE BY SPRING FOCH VISITS, PRAISES. HOPES TO TAKE BY SPRING 19191919

• HAIG’S JOB ON LINE AT DROCOURTHAIG’S JOB ON LINE AT DROCOURT

• HAIG CO B/C OF CONNECTIONS. JOB IN HAIG CO B/C OF CONNECTIONS. JOB IN CURRIE’S HANDSCURRIE’S HANDS

• THE SWITCH HAD FIVE DEFENSIVE LINES THE SWITCH HAD FIVE DEFENSIVE LINES

• EACH LINE 1.5 KM DEEP (60M OF BARBED EACH LINE 1.5 KM DEEP (60M OF BARBED WIRE) INTERLOCKING TRENCHES AND WIRE) INTERLOCKING TRENCHES AND PILLBOXES..PILLBOXES..

• CURRIE AGAIN USES NEW TACTICS.CURRIE AGAIN USES NEW TACTICS.

• LAUNCHES ATTACK WITH CREEPING BARRAGE LAUNCHES ATTACK WITH CREEPING BARRAGE AT 3 AM TO ACHIEVE SURPRISEAT 3 AM TO ACHIEVE SURPRISE

• NO SET DIRECTION OF ATTACK, FLOW OF NO SET DIRECTION OF ATTACK, FLOW OF BATTLE DICTATES DIRECTION. GERMANS OFF BATTLE DICTATES DIRECTION. GERMANS OFF BALANCEBALANCE

• CDN CORPS ATTACK IN THRUSTS, GER CDN CORPS ATTACK IN THRUSTS, GER COMMIT RESERVES, ANOTHER DIV COMMIT RESERVES, ANOTHER DIV WOULD THEN PUSH (HILL 70)WOULD THEN PUSH (HILL 70)

• GER CANNOT CONCENTRATE EFFORT, GER CANNOT CONCENTRATE EFFORT,

• ESPRIT DE CORPS OF CDNS ALSO HELPSESPRIT DE CORPS OF CDNS ALSO HELPS

• THIS IS EXEMPLIFIED IN THE VAN DOOSTHIS IS EXEMPLIFIED IN THE VAN DOOS

• OFFICERS IN CRATER (GEORGES VANIER)OFFICERS IN CRATER (GEORGES VANIER)

• ““WE GERMANS DO NOT LIKE YOU WE GERMANS DO NOT LIKE YOU CANADIANS. WE FIND YOU VERY CANADIANS. WE FIND YOU VERY DESPERATE MEN”DESPERATE MEN”

• SWITCH FALLS IN FOUR DAYS, SWITCH FALLS IN FOUR DAYS, NOT MONTHS, GER ARMY NOT MONTHS, GER ARMY OUTFLANKEDOUTFLANKED

• LUDENDORFF TELLS KAISER, LUDENDORFF TELLS KAISER, WAR IS LOST, SUE FOR PEACE WAR IS LOST, SUE FOR PEACE (BED 24 HRS)(BED 24 HRS)

• NO REST FOR CORPS, ONE LINE NO REST FOR CORPS, ONE LINE LEFT… CANAL DU NORDLEFT… CANAL DU NORD

• PARTIALLY COMPLETED CANAL BTW ALLIED AND PARTIALLY COMPLETED CANAL BTW ALLIED AND GERMANSGERMANS

• 100 FT ACROSS; WATER TOO DEEP TO CROSS100 FT ACROSS; WATER TOO DEEP TO CROSS

• BRICK EMBANKMENTS 20 FT HIGHBRICK EMBANKMENTS 20 FT HIGH

• WANTED AQUATIC ASSAULT BY BOATSWANTED AQUATIC ASSAULT BY BOATS

• CURRIE FELT THIS TOO DANGEROUSCURRIE FELT THIS TOO DANGEROUS

• INSTEAD CORPS ATTACK IN ONE SPOT WHERE DRYINSTEAD CORPS ATTACK IN ONE SPOT WHERE DRY

• BR FELT THAT WAS TOO DANGEROUSBR FELT THAT WAS TOO DANGEROUS

• CURRIE WAS ORDERED TO PROCEED WITH THE CURRIE WAS ORDERED TO PROCEED WITH THE ORIGINAL PLANORIGINAL PLAN

• REFUSED, GOES TO BYNG, WAR OFFICE. GETS HIS REFUSED, GOES TO BYNG, WAR OFFICE. GETS HIS PLAN BUT TOLD IF FAILS HE WILL BE FIREDPLAN BUT TOLD IF FAILS HE WILL BE FIRED

• IN THE END THE CANADIANS CROSSED THE IN THE END THE CANADIANS CROSSED THE CANALCANAL

• THE CANADIAN ENGINEERS BUILT BRIDGES THE CANADIAN ENGINEERS BUILT BRIDGES AND SCALING TOWERS UNDER DIRECT AND SCALING TOWERS UNDER DIRECT ENEMY FIRE, DESPITE THE COSTENEMY FIRE, DESPITE THE COST

• THE CANADIAN DETERMINATION TO WIN THE CANADIAN DETERMINATION TO WIN ACHIEVED VICTORYACHIEVED VICTORY

• THE CANAL AND THE GERMAN LINE OF THE CANAL AND THE GERMAN LINE OF DEFENCE FELL BY THE 9TH OF OCTOBER.DEFENCE FELL BY THE 9TH OF OCTOBER.

• CDNS ADVANCED PAST CANAL DU NORD TO DEPTH CDNS ADVANCED PAST CANAL DU NORD TO DEPTH OF 23 MILES CAPTURED 18,000OF 23 MILES CAPTURED 18,000

• MID OCT, GER ARMY IN FULL RETREATMID OCT, GER ARMY IN FULL RETREAT

• GER STILL NOT TOUCHED BY WAR. MANY WANTED GER STILL NOT TOUCHED BY WAR. MANY WANTED INVASIONINVASION

• CURRIE “FINISH THE GERMANS OFF OR WILL BE CURRIE “FINISH THE GERMANS OFF OR WILL BE BACK IN 20 YRS”BACK IN 20 YRS”

• BY NOV 7BY NOV 7THTH BR ON OUTSKIRTS OF MONS (1 BR ON OUTSKIRTS OF MONS (1STST BATTLE)BATTLE)

• HAIG WANTED SYMBOLIC VICTORY TO END WARHAIG WANTED SYMBOLIC VICTORY TO END WAR

• CDN CORPS GIVEN JOB TO RETAKE MONSCDN CORPS GIVEN JOB TO RETAKE MONS

• ATTACK ON NOV 11 1918ATTACK ON NOV 11 1918

• MONSMONS

• MONS NOT LARGE, IMP BATTLEMONS NOT LARGE, IMP BATTLE

• BOTH SIDES JUST WANTED TO SURVIVE, KNEW WAR OVERBOTH SIDES JUST WANTED TO SURVIVE, KNEW WAR OVER

• 11 CDNS DIE RETAKING MONS FOR BR SYMBOLIC VICTORY11 CDNS DIE RETAKING MONS FOR BR SYMBOLIC VICTORY

• THE LAST CANADIAN SOLDIER TO DIE IN WWI WAS KILLED THE LAST CANADIAN SOLDIER TO DIE IN WWI WAS KILLED BY A SNIPER’S BULLET AT 10:57 AM ON NOVEMBER 11BY A SNIPER’S BULLET AT 10:57 AM ON NOVEMBER 11THTH

• THREE MINUTES LATER THE WAR WAS OVER AND PRIVATE THREE MINUTES LATER THE WAR WAS OVER AND PRIVATE GEORGE PRICE WAS THE LAST CANADIAN TO DIE IN THE GEORGE PRICE WAS THE LAST CANADIAN TO DIE IN THE WAR. PROBABLY THE LAST ON THE WESTERN FRONTWAR. PROBABLY THE LAST ON THE WESTERN FRONT

• HE IS BURIED NEAR MONS BESIDE THE FIRST BRITISH HE IS BURIED NEAR MONS BESIDE THE FIRST BRITISH CASUALTY OF THE WAR WHO DIED IN 1914 ALSO IN MONS.CASUALTY OF THE WAR WHO DIED IN 1914 ALSO IN MONS.

• WAR ENDS AT 11 AMWAR ENDS AT 11 AM

• MCNAUGHTON FURIOUS “WHY END NOW, ALL IS GOING MCNAUGHTON FURIOUS “WHY END NOW, ALL IS GOING GOOD… WE’LL JUST HAVE TO SEND OUR SONS TO FINISH GOOD… WE’LL JUST HAVE TO SEND OUR SONS TO FINISH THIS IN 25 YEARS”THIS IN 25 YEARS”

• IN THE END OVER 619,000 CANADIANS SERVED IN THE GREAT IN THE END OVER 619,000 CANADIANS SERVED IN THE GREAT WARWAR

• 66,655 DIED66,655 DIED

• TO GIVE COMPARISON OF HOW THE CANADIANS CORPS DID IN TO GIVE COMPARISON OF HOW THE CANADIANS CORPS DID IN WWI LOOK AT CHART BELOW FOR THE LAST 100 DAYS OF THE WWI LOOK AT CHART BELOW FOR THE LAST 100 DAYS OF THE WARWAR

• UNITED STATES EXPEDITIONARY FORCEUNITED STATES EXPEDITIONARY FORCE• 650,000 MEN650,000 MEN• ACTIVE 47 OF LAST 100 DAYSACTIVE 47 OF LAST 100 DAYS• ADVANCED 34 MILESADVANCED 34 MILES• CAME IN CONTACT WITH 46 ENEMY DIVISIONSCAME IN CONTACT WITH 46 ENEMY DIVISIONS• TOOK 16,000 POWSTOOK 16,000 POWS• CAPTURED 468 GUNSCAPTURED 468 GUNS• SUFFERED 100,000 CASUALTIESSUFFERED 100,000 CASUALTIES

• THE CANADIAN CORPSTHE CANADIAN CORPS• 105,000 MEN105,000 MEN• ACTIVE 100 OF LAST 100 DAYSACTIVE 100 OF LAST 100 DAYS• ADVANCED 86 MILESADVANCED 86 MILES• CONTACTED 47 ENEMY DIVISIONSCONTACTED 47 ENEMY DIVISIONS• TOOK 32,000 POWSTOOK 32,000 POWS• CAPTURED 623 ENEMY GUNSCAPTURED 623 ENEMY GUNS• SUFFERED 45,000 CASUALTIESSUFFERED 45,000 CASUALTIES