Today, companies like Waymo, Uber, Lyft, Baidu, and Mercedes-Benz are integrating an average of $200,000 worth of sensors into hundreds of conventional cars, seeking to transform them into fully autonomous vehicles (“robotic cars”) that operate on streets worldwide. Waymo, for example, is already offering its services to a select number of users, integrating sensors like LiDAR, radar, cameras, inertial measurement units, and GPS. As a whole, the robotic cars market is expected to exceed 100,000 units by 2023 and surpass 1M by 2032.

The current worldwide automotive market comprises 100M units annually. Little by little though, autonomous functions are reaching new models. Last year, Audi was the first automaker to introduce a commercial car, the Audi A8, with LiDAR. The system was developed and produced by Valeo, the leading

French auto parts maker.

LiDAR technology, which is already used in diverse industries such as aerospace, archaeology, construction, and wind farms, has two huge opportunities ahead: industrial-grade LiDAR for robotic cars, which is happening now; and automotive-grade LiDAR for consumer cars, which will happen in a few years. Yole Développement (Yole) expects the global automotive LiDAR market (system) to reach a market value of $5B by 2023 and $28B by 2032.

This comprehensive report covers market volume and value, from system to components. Also included is a deep understanding of how the market will evolve, and an analysis of the potential business opportunities for each player on the industrial chain.

LIDARS FOR AUTOMOTIVE AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS 2018Market & Technology report - May 2018

AUTONOMOUS DRIVING IS A HUGE OPPORTUNITY FOR LIDAR

Will automotive change the LiDAR market?

KEY FEATURES OF THE REPORT Get the sample of the report on www.i-Micronews.com• Market forecast for automotive LiDAR through 2032 • Market forecast for industrial through 2023• Market forecasts per type of LiDAR (mechanical, MEMS, OPA, etc.), by components (laser sources, mirrors, etc.)• Description of LiDAR applications in automotive, industrial, and scientific segments• Description of LiDAR technologies

OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT• Market trends and forecasts• Key players for LiDAR and LiDAR components• Applications in the automotive, industrial, and scientific segment• Technology trends

(Yole Développement, May 2018)

Automotive and industrial LiDAR system market forecast

AUTOMOTIVE LIDAR’S IMPRESSIVE DIVERSITY

In the past two years, more than $800M has been invested in LiDAR companies. Some companies, despite being created only a few years ago, have received millions in investments. For example, Blackmore, founded in 2016, recently received $18M from BMW and Toyota. And Quanergy, launched in 2012, received $180M in 2017. Such investments testify to LiDAR technologies’

immature. Start-ups, industrial players, Tier-1s, and automotive OEMs are all investing in different approaches with no guarantee of success - but this is the price they must pay for a chance to be part of the automotive-grade market for LiDAR technologies, seen by many as the “Holy Grail”.

On the technology side, the range of offers is equally impressive. Most current products,

such as those proposed by Velodyne, use a macro-mechanical scanning of laser beams at wavelengths between 830 - 940 nm. However, MEMS scanners are expected to be the next evolution of automotive LiDAR, promising to be smaller and cheaper. The next step after this should be the optical phased-array, as proposed by Quanergy, in which no moving part is present - thus becoming even cheaper, smaller, and safer. This technology stems from optical fiber communications.

Some players like Continental and Xenomatix propose flash LiDAR, in which the whole scene

is illuminated simultaneously with no moving part. Other players propose different solutions: Cepton and Luminar have revealed mechanical scanning technologies, while Neptec employs Risley prisms.

Although many players use a wavelength from 830 - 940 nm because corresponding optical components are more widespread, some are investigating the 1550 nm wavelength for which a higher laser power can be used, because the laser maximum’s permissible exposure is roughly 100x higher and also because dust robustness is better. These players include Blackmore,

Neptec, Aeye, and Luminar.

And the diversity continues, with most LiDAR development companies using a direct LiDAR type called pulse LiDAR, in which a pulse of light is sent to the target; the time it takes to return to the photodetector confirms the distance. A few companies are investigating continuous-wave ranging methods which allow for heterodyne detection, and therefore much higher sensitivity. IFM and Benewake are investigating the phase-shift ranging method, while Blackmore and Oryx are investigating the frequency-modulation ranging method.

This report provides a technological analysis of each approach, along with a roadmap, cost breakdown, and penetration estimate for each one. Also include are market forecasts in units and value, per technology type.

LIDARS FOR AUTOMOTIVE AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS 2018

WILL LIDAR REACH THE AUTOMOTIVE MASS-MARKET?

There is no doubt that automotive LiDAR is progressing rapidly today, but alternatives exist. Tesla announced it will not use LiDAR for its autonomous functions, and TuSimple, a Chinese company, is developing autonomous trucks without LiDAR. Also, the recently-released Cadillac Super Cruise relies heavily on maps.

On the technology side, automotive radar is beginning to gain imaging capabilities thanks to beam steering. Vision processing and artificial intelligence are helping cameras to better detect and classify objects and therefore understand three-dimensional space. Infrared cameras might also play a role for night vision. All of these

technologies are improving at an impressive rate, creating a tough competitive space for LiDAR players. As such, it is too early to determine which technologies will feature in autonomous cars, but we’re certain that redundancy and complementarity between sensors will be mandatory for ADAS cars and robotic vehicles to reach their potential.

LiDAR’s expansion into new applications is not limited to automotive. The technology is increasingly used in construction and geographical information systems, and is also a key component for automated guided vehicles, like those that help automate warehouses. Moreover, LiDAR is finding applications in wind measurement, which is mandatory for the development and operation of wind farms. Tens of thousands of megawatts of wind power are added each

LiDAR: from technologies to applications

(Yole Développement, May 2018)

Autonomous driving: LiDAR comparison with other automotive sensing technologies - Who is ‘good enough’?

(Yole Développement, May 2018)

MARKET & TECHNOLOGY REPORT

year, and with wind turbines reaching over 100 m in height, a safe and simple wind velocity measurement solution is needed.

First imagined in the 1930s by E.H. Synge, LiDAR is now available on all scales, from a few grams to several tons. In the future,

it might also be available at a mass-market scale in robot-taxis and in our cars, offering to machines the type of 3D perception that brings them closer to human beings, and instills in them the ability to function autonomously within our world.

Automotive LiDAR technologies roadmap

(Yole Développement, May 2018)

Find more details about

this report here:

COMPANIES CITED IN THE REPORT (non exhaustive list)Aeye, Argo AI, ASCar, Ball Aerospace, Beijing Surestar Technology, Benewake, Blackmore Sensors and Analytics, Blickfeld, Bosch, Cepton Technologies, Continental, Daimler, Denso, Espros Photonics, Excelitas Technologies, Hamamatsu Photonics, Hesai Photonics Technologies, Ibeo Automotive Systems GmbH, ifm electronic, Innoluce BV, Innoviz Technologies, LeddarTech, Leica Geosystems, LeiShen Intelligent System, Leosphere, Lockheed Martin, Lumentum, Luminar Technologies, Micro Photon Devices, Neptec Technologies, Ocular Robotics, Omron, Opsys Tech, Oryx Vision, Ouster, Phantom Intelligence, Philips Photonics, pmdtechnologies AG, Princeton Optronics, Quanergy Systems, Riegl, RoboSense, sdPhotonics LLC, SensL Technologies, SG Micro (SGMICRO), Sick AG, Spectrolab, STMicroelectronics, Strobe, Teledyne Optech, TetraVue, Thorlabs, Topcon, TriLumina, Trimble, Valeo, Velodyne LiDAR, Waymo, XenomatiX, ZF Friedrichshafen, and more!

Table of contents 2Definitions and generalities 4Introduction 13Executive summary 28Patent landscape 39Overview of teardown of LiDAR 43Technology 47

> Mapping of players> Chinese landscape> Lasers> Image formation> Photodetectors

> Processing and computing> Concurrent technologies

Market trends and applications 107> Global market forecasts > Automotive> Industrial> Scientific

Supply chain 161Cost, average selling prices 164Investment and M&A activity 169Conclusions 173Yole Développement presentation 179

TABLE OF CONTENTS (complete content on i-Micronews.com)

AUTHORSDr. Alexis Debray is a Technology & Market Analyst at Yole Développement (Yole). As a member of the MEMS & Sensors Business Unit , Alexis is today engaged in the development of technology & market repor ts as well as the production of custom consulting projects dedicated to the imaging industry.After spending 2 years at the University of Tokyo to develop an exper tise focused on MEMS technologies, Alexis served as a research engineer at Canon Inc. During 15 years he contributed to numerous projects of development, focused on MEMS devices, lingual prehension, and teraher tz imaging devices. Alexis is the author of various scientif ic publications and patents. He is graduated from ENSICAEN and holds a PhD in applied acoustics.

Dr. Guillaume Girardin works as Director, Photonics, Sensing and Display at Yole Développement (Yole), the «More than Moore» market research and strategy consulting company. Guillaume holds a Ph.D. In Physics and Nanotechnology from Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 and a M.Sc. in Technology and Innovation Management from EM Lyon School of Business.

• LeddarVu8: The first off-the-shelf solid state high-definition LiDAR module from LeddarTech

• Sensors for Robotic Vehicles 2018• Radar Technologies for Automotive

2018

RELATED REPORTS

Benefit from our Bundle & Annual Subscription offers and access our analyses at the best available price and with great advantages

Find all our reports on www.i-micronews.com

ORDER FORMLiDARs for Automotive and Industrial Applications 2018

SHIPPING CONTACT

First Name:

Email:

Last Name:

Phone:

PAYMENT

BY CREDIT CARD Visa Mastercard Amex

Name of the Card Holder:

Credit Card Number:

Card Verification Value (3 digits except AMEX: 4 digits):

Expiration date:

BY BANK TRANSFERBANK INFO: HSBC, 1 place de la Bourse,F-69002 Lyon, France, Bank code: 30056, Branch code: 00170Account No: 0170 200 1565 87, SWIFT or BIC code: CCFRFRPP, IBAN: FR76 3005 6001 7001 7020 0156 587

RETURN ORDER BY • FAX: +33 (0)472 83 01 83• MAIL: YOLE DÉVELOPPEMENT, Le Quartz,

75 Cours Emile Zola, 69100 Villeurbanne/Lyon - France

SALES CONTACTS • North America - Steve Laferriere: +13106 008 267

laferriere@yole.fr• Europe & RoW - Lizzie Levenez: + 49 15 123 544 182

levenez@yole.fr• Japan & Rest of Asia - Takashi Onozawa: +81 3 6869 6970

onozawa@yole.fr• Greater China - Mavis Wang: +886 979 336 809

wang@yole.fr• Specific inquiries: +33 472 830 180 – info@yole.fr(1) Our Terms and Conditions of Sale are available at

www.yole.fr/Terms_and_Conditions_of_Sale.aspx The present document is valid 24 months after its publishing date: May 2, 2018

/

ABOUT YOLE DEVELOPPEMENT

BILL TO

Name (Mr/Ms/Dr/Pr):

Job Title:

Company:

Address:

City:

State:

Postcode/Zip:

Country*:

*VAT ID Number for EU members:

Tel:

Email:

Date:

PRODUCT ORDER - REF.YD18016Please enter my order for above named report: One user license*: Euro 5,490 Multi user license: Euro 6,490- The report will be ready for delivery from May 22, 2018- For price in dollars, please use the day’s exchange rate. All reports are

delivered electronically at payment reception. For French customers, add 20% for VAT

I hereby accept Yole Développement’s Terms and Conditions of Sale(1)

Signature:

*One user license means only one person at the company can use the report.

Founded in 1998, Yole Développement has grown to become a group of companies providing marketing, technology and strategy consulting, media and corporate finance services, reverse engineering and reverse costing services and well as IP and patent analysis. With a strong focus on emerging applications using silicon and/or micro manufacturing, the Yole group of companies has expanded to include more than 80 collaborators worldwide covering MEMS and image sensors, Compound Semiconductors, RF Electronics, Solid-state lighting, Displays, software, Optoelectronics, Microfluidics & Medical, Advanced Packaging, Manufacturing, Nanomaterials, Power Electronics and Batteries & Energy Management.The “More than Moore” market research, technology and strategy consulting company Yole Développement, along with its partners System Plus Consulting, PISEO and KnowMade, support industrial companies, investors and R&D organizations worldwide to help them understand markets and follow technology trends to grow their business.

MEDIA & EVENTS• i-Micronews.com website and related @Micronews e-newsletter• Communication & webcast services• Events: TechDays, forums,…More information on www.i-micronews.com

CONTACTSFor more information about :• Consulting & Financial Services: Jean-Christophe Eloy (eloy@yole.fr)• Reports: David Jourdan (jourdan@yole.fr) Yole Group of Companies• Press Relations & Corporate Communication: Sandrine Leroy (leroy@yole.fr)

CONSULTING AND ANALYSIS• Market data & research, marketing analysis• Technology analysis• Strategy consulting• Reverse engineering & costing• Patent analysis• Design and characterization of innovative optical systems• Financial services (due diligence, M&A with our partner)More information on www.yole.fr

REPORTS• Market & technology reports• Patent investigation and patent infringement risk analysis• Teardowns & reverse costing analysis• Cost simulation toolMore information on www.i-micronews.com/reports