Librarianship Embraces Virtual Media Based on Adult Learning Theory

Valerie Hill, PhDTWU School of Library and Information StudiesAdjunct InstructorLISD Librarian

After the Digital Revolution:Emerging Trends and Changing Formats

• Apps & mobile devices• MOOCs• AR & Virtual Worlds• Digital content & curation• Serious gaming

The broken glass metaphor: the structure of knowledge appears broken because the information hierarchy has toppled. The “Gutenberg Parentheses” are closed and the printed word is no longer king.

Print, electronic, digital, virtual, 3D, augmented, mixed reality

Virtual experiences feel life-like through haptic technology. (Hecher et al, 2011)

User-generated Content:“the learning commons” & “the maker-space”

Do you have an online identity?

• Have you uploaded user-generated content (Flickr, Youtube, blog, other)?

• Do you separate your personal/professional identity online?

My research focus:the adoption of virtual worlds for

education and librarianship

Whether you have an

avatar or not, we all

live in virtual w

orlds

today on the net.

Are you comfortable with Web 3.0?

• Do you have an avatar (or does your colleague, friend, child)?

• Have you visited a virtual world?

Constructivism andAdult Learning Theory

Theorists: Knowles, Vygotsky, Dewey, Zemke

1. Adult learners need involvement in a problem-based learning situation (Knowles, Dewey).2. Adult learning is self-directed (Knowles, Zemke).3. Adult learners seek collaboration with others having varying degrees of knowledge and skills (Vygosky's ZPD).4. Adult learners demonstrate prior knowledge and a "readiness to learn“ (Knowles, Zemke).5. Adult learners thrive when actively engaged (Dewey).6. Adult learners are motivated by personal interest (Knowles, Dewey, Zemke).

Lev Vygotsky

• Emphasized the social context of learning• Critical importance of interaction with people,

including other learners and teachers, in cognitive development, his theory is called “social constructivism”

• Zone of proximal development (ZPD)

Malcolm Knowles

Knowles 6 principles of Androgogy1. Adults are self directed and self motivated.2. Adults bring life experiences and knowledge

to learning.3. Adults are goal oriented.4. Adults are relevancy oriented.5. Adults are practical.6. Adult learners like to be respected.

John Dewey “father of experiential education”

• Emphasized active engagement • Personal interest in real life problems• Creative interaction (teacher as a guide or

facilitator)

Ron & Susan Zemke

• Building on Knowles' Androgogy and the theoretical framework of constructivism

• “Window of opportunity" when adults are motivated to learn

• Motivated by personal growth or gain; increased by curiosity

Online Learning and Distance Education

The evolution of online courses across distance: (Blackboard, Virtual Worlds, MOOCs)

Convenience of working online.

Shared “sense of presence”.

Can we deliver content (acquire, create, share) of high quality through virtual worlds?

University of Washington’s iSchool Certificate in Virtual Worlds

Class of 2010

VCARA

San Jose State University School of Library and Information Studies4th Annual VCARA Conference May 2013

3D environments for education & libraries:classes, content delivery, professional development, conventions, book discussions, exhibits

Texas Woman’s University School of Library and Information Studies

Creative Arts & Research Symposium 2008-2012

ACRL Virtual World Interest GroupGridhopping

3D Exhibit Examples

Virtual TexasSpring 2011

Exhibits and Live Tours held at the Community Virtual Library Exhibition Area.

Virtual Texas: A Library Exhibit and Museum

Antiquity Texas Museum built by a native Texan using Library of Congress blueprints.

Touring the Texas Capitol

Virtual Tornado: a Library Exhibit & Simulation

Fall 2011

Teleport to a LIVE simulation withrescue workers, vehicles, and victims.

Museum built by a simulation company (TRP360).

Maya Island Exhibit & Tours CVL Exhibition Area Spring 2012

Museum built by UW Certificate Graduates.

Astronomy in Ancient Civilizations

Summer 2012Museum built by Jo Teeuwisse, an historical consultant in Amsterdam.

Tours for Summer in Berlin 2012July 14th 1pm and August 5th 1pm

Museum of Virtual Media

Tour Wednesday, Jan. 30th, 5-7pm in Second Life.

View machinima videos of 3D exhibits

Balancing

Tradition Innovation

MOOC:massive open onine course

Anne Frank MOOC

Fall 2012Educators met weekly for MOOC office hourson Wed. evenings. Assignments presented in a 3D virtual world.

An example of immersivelearning, where students “enter” the cramped annex where Anne Frank lived in hiding.

New IL Nomenclature

Information Literacy 3.0

Valuing our Physical World

The beautiful question may be addressed in numerous formats: physical, electronic, virtual, or augmented.

“It may be that the great age of libraries is waning, but I am here to tell you that the great age of librarians is just beginning. It’s up to you to decide if you want to be a part of it.”

~T. Scott Plutchak

DiscussionQ&A

Bibliography

Antiquity Texas. (2010). http://antiquitytexas.wordpress.com/about-2/ [accessed December 15, 2012]Dalgarno, Barney, and Mark J. W. Lee. (2010). What are the learning affordances of 3-D virtual environments? British Journal of Educational Technology 41, (1) (01): 10-

32.Dewey, John. (1916). Democracy and education. The Free Press, New York.Dresang, Eliza T. (2005). The information-seeking behavior of youth in the digital environment. Library Trends 54, (2): 178-196.Farley, Kathryn, Michael Nitsche, Jay Bolter and Blair MacIntyre. (2009). Augmenting Creative Realities: The Second Life Performance Project. Leonardo 42, no. 1: 96-7. Hecher, M. M., Möstl, R. R., Eggeling, E. E., Derler, C. C., & Fellner, D. W. (2011). 'Tangible Culture' - Designing virtual exhibitions on multi-touch devices. Information

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British Journal of Educational Technology 41, (1) (01): 33-55. Hill, Valerie, and Hyuk-Jin Lee. (2009). Libraries and immersive learning environments unite in second life. Library Hi Tech 27, (3): 338-56.Hill, Valerie. (2011) “Virtual tornado hits the library”, Learning Technology IEEE, 13 (4), 42-45.Huang, H. (2002). Toward constructivism for adult learners in online learning environments. British Journal Of Educational Technology, 33(1), 27. Jamaludin, Azilawati, Yam San Chee, and Caroline Mei Lin Ho. (2009). Fostering argumentative knowledge construction through enactive role play in second life.

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Photo Credits

Creative Commons photos from:http://photopin.com/http://www.bigfoto.com/http://www.flickr.com/photos/luc/1824234195/ (avatar photo by the hundreds)http://www.flickr.com/photos/ipalatin/2921557412/ (bookshelf photo)http://photopin.com/search/distance-education (VWdistanceed)http://www.flickr.com/photos/daves-f-stop/7255333900/ (librarytradition)http://www.flickr.com/photos/5tein/2176406692/ (distanceed)http://www.flickr.com/photos/jurvetson/2537873504/ (innovation)http://www.flickr.com/photos/gforsythe/8028605773/ (moocblob)http://www.flickr.com/photos/visualpanic/2271636207/ (windowsandlight)http://www.flickr.com/photos/viamoi/2937397649/ (robotwaterleaves)http://www.flickr.com/photos/ecstaticist/3134361265/ (timeflowsriverleaf)