LI jkr pasir mas

7/30/2019 LI jkr pasir mas

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JABATAN KERJA RAYA

JAJAHAN PASIR MAS

Address : Jabatan Kerja Raya Jajahan Pasir

Mas, 17000 Pasir Mas,

Kelantan.

Phone. No : 09-7908040

Logo :


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CHAPTER 1: SITE INVESTIGATIONAims to get potential value bearing land and identify

types of land for each layer under foundation of

construction, land strength of soil and moisture

content.

Most suitable used to design foundation supply

something construction where very important

strength of soil factor because all load focused onthat land.


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SOIL INVESTIGATION SELECTION

Geological condition on site

Design site surface

Type of information that is needed

Cost and time


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SOIL TEST WHICH OFTEN CONDUCTED IN

MALAYSIA

Mackintosh Probe

Wash Boring


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SOIL TEST UNDER LABORATORY

Bearing Test California Size Distribution Analysis

Soil Particle


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CHAPTER 2: FOUNDATION

Defined as part of building structure which it touch

further to land and also act as lowest part located

above those land bear. Built to move basic structure burden such as column,

beam, floor etc to land safely.


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FOUNDATION FUNCTION

Spread building load so that burden altogether can

be borne by building safely.

Prevent building of settle into soil.

To seek stable and flat surface for construction

works later.

Increase building stability with are structure in soils.


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FOUNDATION SELECTION FACTORS

Land physical condition

Building load (live load and dead load)

Economy

Nature and kind of building


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FOUNDATION TYPES

Pad Foundation

Raft Foundation

Band FoundationPile Foundation


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PILE FOUNDATIONIs reinforcement post which aims support one

building.

Knocked and implanted into land and concreted withother reinforcement for building pile cap through

starter bar fitted at him.

His use main function was to move live load or dead

load (his structure is own) into soil uniformly andefficient.


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TEST ON PILE (STATIC LOADING TEST)Made aimed at:

Determine maximum liability capacity obtained by pile.

Ensure pile knocked acceptable from structure aspect.

Determine link between pile depositions with loaded brought.System used was block system kentledge because amounts of

weight hit was double pile work load.

Equipment of necessity to test this is:

Hydraulic Jack and Pressure Gauge

Dial Gauge

Levelling Instrument

Concrete block


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CHAPTER 3: FORMWORK

Was one mould where concrete is poured and

reinforced.

To make up concrete is wanted.Is made from woodwork, steel or plastic


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FORMWORK INSTALLATION WORKSMust be built firmly and strong not to curved or

expand when concrete included in its.

Must be easy to be opened without damaging ordisturb concrete.

Must be cleaned fully and should free from wood

dust, wood shaving, mud dust or other does not

require.Need to be wiped with mould oil that does not leave

diacritical concrete, approved prior reinforcement

housed.


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OPEN FORMWORK

Opened gradually without shaking or shock not to

occurence of damages in structure surface.

Minimum time period for period opening formwork

Mould Place Opening Period

Timber side 4 days

Volley to floor 10 days

Volley to timber 21 days

Column and wall without load 7 days

Floor side (volley no come off) 4 days

Floor which exceeded 3.3m broad 28 days

Timber bottom 28 days


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CHAPTER 4: REINFORCEMENT

Function to bear load tension which acted in

concrete.

Concrete tension combination equivalent to 100% ofhis compressive strength.

Reinforcement designed to take forces tension

transferred or dispersed through surface bond two

that material namely concrete and reinforcement.


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Concrete and reinforcement comparison

Characteristic Concrete Steel

Strength Weak Good

Compressive strength Good Good

Shear strength Good Good

Durable Good Good


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TYPES AND SIZE OF REINFORCEMENTUsual steel reinforcement size available is from

size 10, 12, 16, 20, 25 and 32.

Steel length is in standards long form such as5m or 12m.

Hard Mild Steel

Known with symbol R'.

His outer surface shaped smooth.Used for the construction reinforcement does

not experience strong and common load useis as box link or bunk only.


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CONTINUE

High Tensile Steel

Known with symbol Y'.

His exterior is shaped rough.

Used for construction reinforcement bear load

heavier.

Hard Mild Steel High Tensile Steel


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REINFORCEMENT INSTALLATION

Reinforcement set according to engineering drawing

attached for something that building.

Reinforcement bars which overlap need to be tied strong

with binding wire.

All binder wire end should bend into from formwork

surface.


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CHAPTER 5: CONCRETE

Is additive is made from cement, sand, aggregate

and water follow certain ratio.

His advantage was malleable, achieved of naturalthing, easy formed according to static will, major

protector to reinforcement of rusty and strong from

compression aspect.


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CONCRETE MATERIALS

Cement

Aggregate

Water

Additive


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CONCRETE CAN BE BLEND BY THREE

WAYS

mix by using scoop

mix by use machine mixer

obtain supplies of factory blend completed


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CONCRETE MIXTURE RATIO

Mixture Ratio Grade Use In Structure

1 : 1 : 2 30

Reinforced concrete basis, beamconcrete land reinforced, strict concreteonce, strict concrete column once,concrete column, wall lift, water tank.

1 : 1 : 2 25 Strict concrete once, water tank.

1 : 2 : 4 20Reinforced concrete for column and

beam.

1 : 3 : 6 15 Basis floor.

1 : 5 : 10 10 Site in trench and hard ground work.


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TRANSPORT CONCRETE

Ready mix concrete from factory shall be paid into

concrete lorry.

Concrete must be transported as soon as possible from

tool blend to which place want is poured with fair way to

avoid again casting.

For small task, bucket and

wheelbarrow used and if

possible, mixer tool or readymix should might be close with

building structure to save time

transport. ready mix concrete lorry


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CASTING CONCRETEBefore concrete is poured into formwork, slump test

and cube test performed first.

Concrete should is poured in places is wanted assoon as possible after mix.

Should crammed fully by using vibrator device.


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COMPACTING CONCRETE

Aims to produce captured air inside concrete without

causing isolation materials.

Concrete packing is made by using vibrator device(compacter).


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PRESERVE CONCRETENeeded to assist concrete mix to serve process

hydration.

Important because it can avoid this concrete

surfaces from facing result rift from top layer dryness

concrete.

Concrete is preserved with put wet gunny after fresh

concrete fairly hard and small areas his surface suchas beam and basis.

Whereas for wide surface such as slab should

moisten with water.


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CONCRETE CUBE TEST Concrete cube made at the site building to seek concrete minimum

strength like those resides within stated specification. Tools of necessity to test this is mould, ram rod, spatula,

Preservation Tank and Compressive Machine.

Test made using steel mould measuring 150mm x 150mm x 150mm.

Concrete is poured in three pretty similar layers thick. Every layer

should crammed at least 35 times use ram bar. Concrete accommodated at a suitable place during 24jam before

mould being stripped.

Concrete cube placed within curing tank to process curing. This

process takes time 7, 14 and 21 days.

After 7 days, cube take out from curing tank and put concrete cube

into Compressive Machine to be tested his compressive strength.


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SLUMP TEST

Aimed to ensure concrete having same consistency will

be down with equal distance apart.

Cone filled with four concrete layers and every layer has

to be stamped as much as 25 times.

Then cone need to be pulled on vertically and placed

beside concrete formed.

Reduction value is differentiation difference between high

concrete compared to cone height.

Distance permitted was 2inch namely 50mm with

concrete state fall true.

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