Lexical or Word Meaning (Synonymy,Types of

Synonymy,Antonymy,Types of Antonymy,Hiponymy,Homophony,Fi

gurative Meaning)BY SECOND GROUP:

MunaRobiatul Adawiyah

Abdul Hamid ASoni Andianto

SynonymyTwo words are synonymous if they have the same sense, that is, if they have the same values for all their semantic features, or expressions with the same meaning are synonymous.For example : Small = Little

Big = Large

TYPES OF SYNONYMY1. Absolute synonymy if two or more expressions satisfy

the following three conditions: All their meanings are identical.They are synonymous in all context.They are semantically equivalent.Example: caecitis :’typhilitis’ (meaning “inflammation of the blind gut”).2. Partial synonymy which meet the criterion of identity

in meaning but for various reasons fail to meet the conditions of what is usually referred to as absolute synonymy.

3. Near synonymy namely, expressions that are more or less similar,but not identical,in meaning. Example of near synonyms in english the words such as dive and plunge,stream and brook, mist and fog.

ANTONYMAntonyms are words which are in the same sense opposite in meaning.For Example: Good >< Bad

Big >< Small Fast >< Slow

TYPES OF ANTONYMY1.Complementary pairs. Such as: Alive/

dead, present/ absent, awake/ sleep.2.Gradable pairs of antonyms: Hot/cold,

fast/slow, happy/sad.3.Relation synonymy. Such as:

give/receive, buy/sell, teacher/pupil.

HYPONYMYA word whose meaning contains the entire

meaning of other words is called a hyponymy which is known as the superordinate. Example: • A swan and a duck are hyponyms of the superordinate bird.• A mango tree and an oak are hyponyms of the superordinate tree.

HOMOPHONYHomophony is the state or

phenomenon in which two or more different written forms

have the same pronounciation, they are describe as

homophonesExample:

Bare-bear meat-meet

FIGURATIVE MEANING Figurative meaning is the metaphorical, idiomatic, or ironic sense of a word or expression, in contrast to its literal meaning. For example, one expression for a bad excuse is “the dog ate my homework.”