Hyper-V Storage Senthil Rajaram Senior PM Microsoft Corporation.
Levitators A new concept for elevators in tall buildings © 2007, Rajaram Pejaver Patent Pending...
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Transcript of Levitators A new concept for elevators in tall buildings © 2007, Rajaram Pejaver Patent Pending...
Levitators
A new concept for elevators in tall buildings
© 2007, Rajaram PejaverPatent Pending
Press the <Page Down> key to advancePress the <Back space> key to replay a slide
What does it do?
1. Improves elevator service in existing buildings without adding banks of elevators
2. Reduces floor space needed by elevators in new tall skyscrapers
3. Allows for unique building shapes in new architecture
Product application: Existing buildings
Examples of target buildings– Office buildings– Hotels– High rise Apartments
Typical height of building is 10–20 stories
Its not possible to add new elevator shafts to building
Levitators will increase passenger capacity threefold and reduce wait times.
Product application: New skyscrapers
More and more tall buildings are being built– China has 5 of the 10 tallest buildings– Malaysia and Taipei have one each in top 10– Canada is building new residential skyscrapers
More than 30% of floor space in skyscrapers is consumed by elevators!
Taipei 101 in Hong Kong has more than 57 elevator shafts!!
Levitators will reduce the number of elevator shafts and increase its utilization
Taipei 101
Today’s technology
Limited to one elevator car per shaft
Based on counterweights
A solution: multiple cars per shaft!
The Thyssen Twin is an example of such a system.
But cars are limited to the upper or lower portion of a shaft.
But, what if the lower car needs to go all the way to the top?
Two elevator cabs, one moving down and the other moving up, share the left shaft.
Lower cab shifts to the adjoining shaft and carries on.
The system in operation
Rule: # of cars going up equals # of cars going down
1
3
6 7
2
5
4
Car 1 needs to go all the way down
Car 6 needs to go all the way up
Cars 1 & 5 are moving down
Cars 6 & 7 are moving up
Cars 1 & 2 are moving down
Cars 6 & 4 are moving up
Cars 1 & 2 are moving down
Cars 6 & 5 are moving up
Cars 1 & 2 are moving down
Cars 6 & 5 are moving up
Car 7 is moving left
Car 3 is moving down
Car 7 is moving up
Press Backspace (or PageUp) to play this again
And see the Java based interactive simulator.
How does it all work?First, the Drive Assembly
Endless loop around two pulleys One side constantly moves up at a
steady speed and the other side moves down
A third track (middle) is stationary and acts as the guide rail for cars
Cars clamp on to the track moving in the desired direction: up, down or stationary.
Floor 1
Floor 2
Floor 19
Floor 20
Positioning of Drive Assemblies in each shaft: Front and Top views
Shaft
Drive Assembly
Clamp
Clamp
There are 4 Drive Assemblies per shaft. Car is clamped on to upward moving track. Yellow dots indicate location of clamp. There are 8 clamp points for each car.
Clamp
Car
Top View of car in a
shaft
Door
What else?Next, the Clamp Runner
Clamp runners slide horizontally. They are installed in pairs at the top and bottom of cars. A clamp is mounted at each end. The upper runner is shown in operation. The lower runner operates independently.
Clamp runners can slide right and engage
or slide left and engage
and return to the center position.
Clamp operation
Caliper
Runner
Upward moving Drive Track
Fluid
Car at restCar moving up
Clamps are mounted at the ends of each runner.
Car transitions from being stationary to moving up when the clamp is engaged.
Clamp action is controlled for smooth starts.
Pad
Piston
Press Backspace to play this again
Car at rest
Shaft
Car
Drive Assembly
Clamp
Clamp
Car is clamped on to the stationary tracks. Note yellow dots on upper runner clamping on to the center tracks.
The stationary tracks act as guide rails to stabilize the car while it is in motion.
Note: Not drawn to scale
Stopped
Car moving downwards
Shaft
Car
Drive Assembly
Clamp
Clamp
Car is clamped on to downward moving track and is moving down.
The upper runner is unused.
Note yellow dots on downward moving tracks.
Transition: Start of upward motion
2. Lower Runner moves left over upward moving track
3. Lower runner clamps on to upward moving track
4. Upper runner releases stationary track
5. Car starts to move upwards
Stopped
1. Car is stopped. Upper runner is clamped to the stationary tracks. Lower runner is not being used.
Transition: Coming to a halt
2. Upper runner clamps on to stationary tracks
3. Lower runner releases upward moving track
4. Car comes to a halt
Stopped
1. Car is initially moving up. Lower runner is clamped to upward moving tracks. Upper runner is over the stationary tracks.
Transition: Switching Shafts
1. Clamp extends to adjoining shaft
2. Clamp locks up
3. Cab shifts
4. Clamp unlocks
5. Clamp retracts
Counterbalancing Cars
Figure 2a– 2 cars balance each
other on same drive Figure 2b
– 2 cars balance each other on different drives
– Shafts are mechanically linked
Figure 2c– 4 cars balance each
other on different drives Figure 2c
Figure 2a
Figure 2b
Multiple Drive Zones
Problem: Drive assembly limitation– A single span of drive assembly is not
suitable for tall buildings.
Solution: Stacked drive segments – Allows for shorter drive segments– Optional: express & local speeds
Details: Car switches drives– Both segments serve the same shaft– Segments are mechanically linked– No horizontal car motion
Transition Zone
Slanted & Curved shafts
Car AMoving up
Clamp Runner
Clamp Runner
Clamp Runner
Clamp Runner
Car BStopped
and alignedwith door
Clamp Runner
Clamp Runner
Ele
vato
r d
oorw
ay in
lan
ding
Clamp Runner
Clamp Runner
Future extensions
Tilting cars during horizontal acceleration
– Reduces passenger discomfort
Moving horizontally between elevator banks
Personal sized elevator cars– Faster transit with fewer stops
Splicing cars together to form a larger car
Express drive zones
Key Innovations
Elevator system without counterweights Drive assembly for elevators Clamp assembly and clutch mechanism Use of extension arm in elevators to facilitate
arbitrary transfer between adjacent shafts Statistical counterweight balancing algorithm Control system for collision avoidance and car
trajectory Operation in slated & curved shafts Multiple drive zones and express zones
Main issues & obstacles
Need to rework the US Elevator Code– Shared by Canada, and now China– Europe, Mid East & India may be easier
Build a scaled prototype– Seeing is believing !
Design production model, while maintaining– current safety margins– operating efficiencies – passenger comfort
Project Timeline
Task Start Date End Date
Patent search Jan 07 July 07
Patent application July 07 July 09
Engineering design Oct 07 Dec 08
Find venture funding July 08 July 09
Assemble project team Jan 09 July 09
Develop scaled prototype July 09 Jan 11
Product development Jan 11 …