DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Leveraging temporary deployments toadvance permanent networks:

Bangladesh perspective

Syed Humayun AkhterDhaka University Earth Observatory (DUEO)

Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, BangladeshEmail: shakhter@univdhaka.edu

DUEO

IRIS Workshop, Boston, 18-19 February 2008Out of AfricaAdapting the AfricaArray Model – Building CapacityAround the World

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Dhaka University

GeologyDepartment

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Position of BangladeshPosition of Bangladesh

I n d i aI n d i a

Bay of BengalBay of Bengal

BANGLADESH

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Tectonic SetupTectonic Setup

SeismicitySeismicity

Seismic & GPS NetworkSeismic & GPS Network

Media Coverage & Awareness BuildupMedia Coverage & Awareness Buildup

Future ProgramFuture Program

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

I N D I A P L A T E

E U R A S I A P L A T E

B U R M A P L A T E

Act

ive

Subd

uctio

nZo

ne

Andaman Sea

6 cm

/yr

Tect

onic

set

up o

f Ban

glad

esh

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Landforms:Traditionally the landforms ofBangladesh are divided intothree major units.

Tertiary hills of north-eastSylhet, south-eastChittagong and ChittagongHill tracts –12.6%

Pleistocene Uplands- foundin the marginal and interiorportion of the country –8.3%

Holocene plains includingPiedmont plains, Floodplains, Deltaic plains,Depressed lands andcoastal plains –79.1%

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Regional tectonicand physiographicsetup ofBangladesh andadjoining area.

Area: 147,570 sq.kmPopulation: 150 m230 Rivers 24,140 km

Broad Deltaic plane ofGanges, Brahmaputra& Meghna

Flat and lowtopography

Hills in SE & NE

710 km long coastline

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Schematic section throughBurma Arc/Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta system

Huge subaerially-exposed accretionary prism due toprogradation of GB-D over oceanic crust

km

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Devastating EarthquakesDevastating Earthquakes

Epicenter 8/10/2005

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Source: IRIS.WHDF Weekly Hypocenter Data File -distributed by the USGS NEIS. MHDFMonthly Hypocenter Data File -distributed by the USGS NEIS. ISCCD(limited availability) Bulletin of theInternational Hypocenter Data File -distributed by the USGS.

SEISMICITY MAP OF BANGLADESH

(1964 – Present)

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Seismic zones of Bangladesh

Prepared in 1979 by GeologicalSurvey of Bangladesh;updated incorporating NationalBuilding Code in 1993.

1979

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

2507.1Dhubri Earthquake3 July 1930

1107.5Sylhet Earthquake30 June 1868

300>8.0Chittagong-ArakanCoast Earthquake

2 April 1762

1107.6SrimongalEarthquake

8 July 1918

2508.7Great IndianEarthquake

12 June 1897

507.0Bengal / Manikganj Earthquake

14 July 18853007.5Cachar Earthquake10 Jan 1869

Distance (km)from Dhaka

MagnitudeEarthquakeDate

Major Earthquake Events in Bangladesh

Seven M≥7 earthquakes during 1762-1930 (169 years)No major earthquake in last 78+ years!

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Moderate-damaging earthquake in BangladeshLast 10 years

8 May 1997 earthquake in Sylhet (M=6.0): Wall Cracks.21 Nov. 1997 earthquake at Myanmar Border (M=6.1):Collapse of a building in Chittagong city (18 deaths).22 July 1999 earthquake in Moheshkhali Island (M=5.2):Serious damage and collapse of mud-walled houses, Serious damage to acyclone shelter column.

19 Dec 2001 earthquake near Dhaka city (M=4.2):Panic & Injuries.July 2003 earthquake in Borkhol (M=5.6):Serious damage to brick masonry buildings and mud-walled houses.Major cracks in a building in Chittagong.August 2006 earthquake in Narail (M=4.2):Panic & Injuries.July 2007 earthquake in Borkhol (M=4.8):Panic & Injuries.

31 Dec 1999 earthquake in off-shore Kutubdia Island (M=5.4): Rattled SE Bangladesh and small tidal surge – 4 ft in Cox’s Bazar.

Nov. 2007 earthquake in Bandarban (M=5.2):Panic & Injuries, cracks in buildings.

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA1979

Dhaka city: Rapid urbanizationDhaka city: Rapid urbanizationArea: 1,464 Area: 1,464 sqkmsqkm; Population: 13 million;; Population: 13 million;Population density: 2235/sqkm; PopulationPopulation density: 2235/sqkm; Populationincrease: 3.9% per yearincrease: 3.9% per year

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Arakan segment last ruptured in1762. Produced uplift of 2.7 m onFoul Island, 6.7 m on CheduaIsland, submergence at Chittagongand clastic dikes at Sitakundanticline.

First reported EQ in BD: 1548Ruptured Assam-TripurasegmentNot well-studied, however.

The Sumatran plateboundary continues to thenorth into the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta, one ofthe most populous regionsof the world.

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

1762 Earthquake erupted muds in Sitakund anticline

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Naf River

Bay of Bengal

TEKNAFTEKNAF

MYANMARMYANMAR

Geomorphic terrace may have relation with historic earthquakes

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

North AndamanSubduction

Segment

Potential sites forGREAT

EARTHQUAKE

Chittagong – MyanmarSegment

ShillongSegment

6 cm/yr

2 cm/yr

Assam – Tripura

Segment

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Tsunami Threat at the Bangladesh coastTsunami Threat at the Bangladesh coast

Andaman Sea

SeismicGap

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

SEISMIC & GPS NETWORKIN BANGLADESH

Networks: 21. Dhaka University

-- Participating Universities: 6 Rajshahi University Khulna University Shajalal University of Science & Technology (SUST) Chittagong University Patuakhali University of Science & Technology (PUST)

Seismic Stations -- 6 permanent & 6 temporaryGPS Stations -- 18 continuous

2. Bangladesh Meteorology Department (BMD)Seismic Observatories – 4GPS Stations -- 4

University Consortium --- in progressUniversity Consortium --- in progress

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

SEISMIC & GPS NETWORKIN BANGLADESH

DUEO & L-DEO Collaborative Research ProgramPermanent stations1 Broadband Seismometer at Dhaka University – since 20033 Broadband + 2 Short Period Seismometers to be installed soon

Portable Seismic Array3 Broad Band Seismometers – NE Bangladesh -- February 20073 Short Period Seismometers – NE Bangladesh -- February 2007

Bangladesh Meteorology Department (BMD)6 Broadband Seismometers (2 borehole) -- June 20074 Short Period Seismometers – June 2007

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

SensorsSensors

Data LoggersData Loggers

Seismometer SpecificationsSeismometer Specifications

(a) Broadband -- Guralp, UK, CMG 40T(b) Short Period -- Mark Products, L-43D and L22D(c) Intermediate band -- Kinemetrics, USA, SV1/SH1, T0(d) Broadband -- Geotech Instrument LLC, Dallas, KS-2000, 3 component with120s to 50 Hz nearly flat response to input ground velocity.(e) Short Period -- Geospace LP, HS-10, vertical- or horizontal-componentseismometer with natural period, T0=1s, and nominal gain of 118 V/M/s.

(a) RT130 -- RefTek – 6-channel 24-bit A/D(b) RT72A-08 -- RefTek -- 3-channel 24-bit A/D and 3-channel 16-bit A/D unitwith external SCSI disk drive to store data.(c) RT72A-02 --RefTek -- 6 channel 16-bit A/D, Fixed gain, low noise withexternal SCSI disk drive to store data.(d) RT72A-07/G/IND -- Reftek -- 3 channel 24-bit A/D with external SCSI diskdrive to store data.

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Permanent GPSinstalled 2003

andPermanent Seismic

1 - 2003; 5 - 2008

Continuous GPS2007-2010

Portable Seismic Array

2007

2008-2009DUEO – LDEO Joint Research Program

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

SeismicSeismicObservatoryObservatory(BMD)(BMD)

Seismometer

GPS

Rangpur

SeismicSeismicObservatoryObservatory(DUEO & LDEO)(DUEO & LDEO)

Seismometer

Rajshahi

Khulna

Patuakhali

Sylhet

Dhaka

Chittagong

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Dhaka University Earth Observatory (DUEO) was established inFebruary 2003 in cooperation with Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory(LDEO) of Columbia University, New York, USA with research grantfrom NSF.

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Seismology & Geodesy Lab, Geology Department, Dhaka University

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Near real time seismic data acquisition from BMD Seismic NetworkNear real time seismic data acquisition from BMD Seismic Network

GPS antenna

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

GPS at Sitakund, Chittagong

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Broadband Seismometer at SUST, Sylhet, Bangladesh

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Shor

t Per

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at F

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DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Seismogram of portable seismic array in Sylhet

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

GPS velocity in ITRFGPS velocity in ITRF

Bangladesh GPS SitesRAJS – RajshahiKHUL – KhulnaPUST – PatuakhaliDHAK- DhakaCHIT – ChittagongSUST - Sylhet

NE India GPS SitesTURA – Garo HillsMOPE – MopenMUNN – MunSHIL- ShillongGHTU - GuwahatiGHTY – GuwahatiCSOS- Central ShillongAIWL – Aizawal, TripuraIMPH – ImphalLUMA – Lumami, Naga

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Me

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DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Inauguration ofSeismometer &GPS installationby DU VC Prof.SMA Fayez

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

The DUEO &LDEO expertscompleteSeismometer andGPSinstrumentationtoday (28 February2007)

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

MA

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DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

AJKER KAGOJ Dec. 28, 2004

Bangladesh at high risk from earthquake

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Need f

or

eart

hquake m

ock d

rill Prothom Alo 10 October 2005

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Catastrophic earthquake tovisit Bangladesh?

Magazine on Engineering, Architecture & HousingMagazine on Engineering, Architecture & Housing

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Magazine on Engineering, Architecture & HousingMagazine on Engineering, Architecture & Housing

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Magazine on Engineering, Architecture & HousingMagazine on Engineering, Architecture & Housing

Earthquake & Tsunami How safe is Bangladesh?

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Future ProgramFuture Program1. Form University Consortium for better maintenance of seismometers;

promote research on seismology.2. Arrange workshops and training for academic researchers, government and

NGO personnel.3. Establish near real-time data acquisition using cell-phone technology.4. Send earthquake data in seed format to IRIS DMC.5. Develop web page for disseminating knowledge and creating public

awareness on earthquake.6. Report earthquake event(s) recorded in our network to electronic media,

newspaper and post in the web page.7. Catalogue earthquake data (historical and instrumental) in and around

Bangladesh.8. Prepare National Probabilistic Earthquake Hazard Map.9. Coordinate and collaborate in the emerging field of geodetics and

seismology in Bangladesh.10. Study and model crustal dynamics under the Bengal basin. Since entire

spectrum of earthquake data is a prerequisite, more seismic stations needto be installed.

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Mike Mike StecklerSteckler, LDEO, LDEONanoNano SeeberSeeber, LDEO, LDEOJohn John ArmbrusterArmbruster, LDEO, LDEOWon-Young Kim , LDEOWon-Young Kim , LDEORaymond Raymond WillemannWillemann, IRIS, IRISNational Science Foundation, USANational Science Foundation, USAUniversities in Bangladesh: Dhaka,Universities in Bangladesh: Dhaka,ChittagongChittagong, , RajshahiRajshahi, , KhulnaKhulna, SUST & PUST, SUST & PUST

DUEODUEO, , Department of Geology, University of DhakaDepartment of Geology, University of Dhaka SHASHA

Thank you!Thank you!