Leveraging Emerging Technologies To Advance Forest … · 2020. 6. 19. · Chemistry in 1974 from,...

Leveraging Emerging Technologies To Advance Forest Biomaterials Business

2012 Members Meeting

The Institute of Paper Science and Technology Georgia Institute of Technology

April 10-11, 2012

IPST Paper Tricentennial Building Atlanta, Georgia

www.ipst.gatech.edu/meeting

http://www.ipst.gatech.edu/news/current/exec.html

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IPST-GT ANTITRUST STATEMENT

INSTITUTE OF PAPER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Antitrust Notice Guidelines for Meetings

As required by law as well as IPST-GT Bylaws, Appendix II, neither Georgia Tech’s Institute of

Paper Science and Technology nor any committee or activity of IPST-GT shall be used for or

include discussions for the purpose of bringing about or attempting to bring about any

understanding or agreement, written or oral, formal or informal, expressed or implied, among

competitors with regard to prices, terms or conditions of sale, distribution, volume of production,

or allocation of territories, customers, or suppliers.

No IPST-GT activity shall involve exchange or collection and dissemination among competitors

of any information regarding prices, pricing methods, costs of production, sales, marketing, or

distribution.

Neither IPST-GT nor any committee thereof shall make any effort to bring about the

standardization of any product for the purpose of or with the effect of preventing the manufacture

or sale of any product not conforming to a specified standard. IPST-GT does not become

involved in or establish any product standards and is precluded from endorsing any product or

process.

The above described discussions and/or actions are expressly prohibited and shall not be

permitted.

Rev. 2/2011

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The Institute of Paper Science and Technology Georgia Institute of Technology

April 10-11, 2012

IPST Paper Tricentennial Building Atlanta, Georgia

www.ipst.gatech.edu/meeting

http://www.ipst.gatech.edu/news/current/exec.html

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

IPST - Georgia Tech Antirust Statement ........................................................................ 2

Table of Contents ........................................................................................................... 5

About IPST .................................................................................................................... 6

Member Companies ....................................................................................................... 7

Welcome ........................................................................................................................ 9

Schedule at a Glance and Speaker Biographies ......................................................... 11

Schedule at a Glance ........................................................................................... 13

Speakers’ Biographies ......................................................................................... 15

Student Poster Session ............................................................................................... 25

Student Poster Abstracts ..................................................................................... 27

IPST Research Faculty, Staff, and Students ................................................................ 37

IPST Faculty / Research ...................................................................................... 39

IPST Support Staff ............................................................................................... 42

Paper Science and Engineering Students ........................................................... 43

IPST Testing Services ................................................................................................. 57

Attendance ................................................................................................................... 65

Attendance by Organization ................................................................................. 67

Registration List ................................................................................................... 69

Membership Options .................................................................................................... 73

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About IPST

The Institute for Paper Science and Technology (IPST) is an industrial research and development center focused on providing solutions to strategic, economic,

and technical challenges facing the forest products and paper industries.

Vision

To be the premier research institute for the cost-competitive transformation of forest biomaterials into value-added products, including traditional and new forest

products, renewable energy, chemicals, advanced materials and pharmaceuticals.

Mission:

Provide members solutions to their strategic, economic, and technical challenges

by building a research collaborative that enables access to world-class research personnel at IPST, across Georgia Tech, and globally.

Strategic Thrusts

Operational Excellence

Biorefining

Forest Biomaterials

Business and Policy

Education

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2012 IPST Member Companies

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Welcome to the 2012 Members Meeting


April 10, 2012

Dear Friends, It is my pleasure to welcome you to the 2012 Members Meeting, “Leveraging Emerging Technologies to Advance Forest Biomaterials Business.”

The conference will highlight IPST’s capabilities and research in three strategic thrusts: Operational Excellence, Biorefining, and New Products from Forest Biomaterials. There will also be sessions on Combined Heat and Power (CHP), and on Novel Coatings. In response to comments we heard during our survey last fall, we will feature presentations on relevant topics by key faculty experts and by students in advanced stages of their graduate research.

You will also have the chance to visit with many of our paper science and engineering graduate students displaying their research at the reception/poster session—a great chance to meet these future industry leaders.

During this conference, our Paper Science and Engineering students and faculty will be presenting work they are conducting to contribute to the industry, mostly sponsored by the IPST endowment. Most of the company-sponsored research is confidential. We hope that the projects you see will intrigue you to take greater advantage of the opportunity for research to advance your companies’ strategies.

As you now know, we are meeting this year in the IPST Paper Tricentennial Building, where you may observe many recent additions and improvements to our facilities. The reception and poster session this evening will be held in the Robert C. Williams Papermaking Museum and our new Green Room, showcasing our industry’s environmental sustainability. We received 2,600 students, teachers, and members of the general public as visitors to the Museum and Green Room in the last year. I am delighted to have you with us as we explore these critical topics, and I look forward to hearing your thoughts.

Norman F. Marsolan Director

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Schedule at a Glance

and

Speaker Biographies

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Schedule at a Glance

DAY ONE April 10--Tuesday

8:00-8:30 Welcome by Norman Marsolan and College of Engineering Dean Gary May

8:30-9:00 IPST Strategic Themes (Norman Marsolan)

9:00-11:30 Operational Excellence Session (Introduction by Norman Marsolan)

A Review of the Poisson's Ratio of Paper (Prateek Verma, PhD Candidate, MSE)

Stress Corrosion Cracking in Pulp & Paper Systems (Lindsey Goodman, PhD Candidate, MSE)

Controlling Scaling & Rejects in Green Liquor Substituted Pulping (Sujit Banerjee, ChBE)

Break (10:05-10:35)

Modeling as a Manufacturing Excellence Tool: A Case Study (Cyrus Aidun, ME)

Panel (Jim Bradbury, Moderator)

11:30-11:45 IPST News (Norman Marsolan)

11:45-12:00 Industry Parnerships at GT (Ken Stewart, GT Sr Advisor for Industry Strategy)

12:00-1:00 Lunch--Members Lounge

1:00-3:00 Biomaterials Session (Introduction by Carson Meredith)

Nanostructured Optical Coatings (Jie Wu, PhD Candidate, MSE)

Hydrogels from Cellulose Nanowhiskers (Rajalaxmi Dash, PhD Candidate, Chem)

Bio-inspired Sensors and Advanced Materials from Renewable Resources (Carson Meredith, ChBE)

Cellulose Nanocrystal - Polymer Composites: Processing Strategies and Impacts on

Polymer Crystallization (Meisha Shofner, MSE)

Panel (Phil Jones, Moderator)

3:00-3:30 Break

3:30-4:30 Novel Coatings Session (Introduction by Victor Breedveld)

Green Barrier Coatings (Yulin Deng, ChBE)

Anti-microbial Microcapsules (Hongzhi Wang, PhD Candidate, ChBE)

Superhydrophobicity and Oleophobicity on Paper Using Plasma Treatments

(Lester Li, PhD Candidate, ChBE)

4:30-5:15 Increasing Value at IPST (Norman Marsolan and Kathleen Bennett)

5:15-6:15 Reception & Poster Session-- Museum and IPST Lobby

6:15-8:00 Dinner in the IPST Members Lounge

Cyber Threats and Defenses (Chris Smoak, GTRI Cyber-Technology and Information Security Lab.)

DAY TWO April 11--Wednesday

8:00-10:00 Biorefining Session (Introduction by Art Ragauskas)

Basics of Biomass (Xianzhi Meng, PhD Candidate, Chem)

Microbial Treatment of Lignin and Upgrading of Pyrolysis Oils (Tyrone Wells, PhD Candidate, Chem)

Biorefining (Art Ragauskas, Chem)

Renewable Chemicals (Chris Jones, ChBE)

Panel (Gopal Goyal, Moderator)

10:00-10:30 Break

10:30-11:00 Combined Heat & Power: A Generator of Green Energy and Green Jobs

Introduction by Marilyn Brown, Public Policy

Gyungwon Kim, PhD Candidate, Public Policy

11:00-12:00 Industry Partnerships, Sponsored Research and Intellectual Property

Terry Stout (Director, Industry Collaborations and Affiliated Licenses) and

Patrick Reed (Senior Licensing Associate)

12:00-12:45 Lunch

12:45-1:20 Advanced Manufacturing (Ben Wang, GT Chief Manufacturing Officer)

1:20-1:50 Closing Comments (Steve Cross, GT EVPR)

1:50-2:00 Wrap-up (N Marsolan)

2:00 Adjourn

2:30-4:00 Optional Tour -- Requires Pre-registration

Georgia Tech's Institute of Paper Science and Technology


Atlanta, GA

April 10-11, 2012

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Speakers’ Biographies

Cyrus K Aidun 404 894 6645 [email protected]

Cyrus K Aidun is Professor of Fluid Mechanics and Biotransport at the G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering., and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience. He obtained his B.S. and M.S. degrees from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and his Ph.D. from Clarkson University in 1985. He joined Cornell University in 1985 as a Postdoctoral Associate. After two years as a Research Scientist at Battelle Laboratories, he joined the Institute of Paper Science and Technology as an Assistant Professor in 1988 where he was promoted

to full professor in 1996. His teaching and research contributions were soon recognized by various honors including the George Olmsted Prize, the National Science Foundation’s (NSF) Young Investigator Award, the L.E. Scriven Inaugural Award, and the Beloit Prize. In 2001, he was invited to become the director of the Particulate and Multiphase Processes program at NSF, where he managed the national funding of research in this area until joining the Woodruff School in July 2003.

Sujit Banerjee 404 894 9709 [email protected]

Dr. Sujit Banerjee, professor of the School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Georgia Tech, recently received the University’s Paper Science and Technology Award which "recognizes a Georgia Tech researcher or research group whose contributions to the field best embody the goals of developing renewable, sustainable products, advancing bio-refining, and achieving breakthrough technologies to enhance industries based on wood fiber, pulp and paper". He received his B.Sc. degree in chemistry in 1969 from the

Indian Institute of Technology at Kharagpur, and his Ph.D. in Physical-Organic Chemistry in 1974 from, Concordia University at Montreal. Dr. Banerjee's research interests are in the areas of environmental engineering and in the development and application of industrial polymers. Dr. Banerjee is involved in pulp and paper research, particularly in paper recycling and in the development of new pulping catalysts.

mailto:[email protected]


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Kathleen M. Bennett 864 354 7228 [email protected]

Kathleen M. Bennett, principal-Kathleen M. Bennett Consulting, LLC, offers extensive experience in the pulp and paper and forest products manufacturing industry with emphasis in strategy, government affairs, communications, environment, and business process development. Current clients include the Institute of Paper Science and Technology at Georgia Tech and the forest industry’s Agenda 2020 Technology Alliance among others. In addition to strategy and communications, she has

special expertise in integrating regulations and other external expectations of industry operations with business and operational goals. She formerly served in senior positions at Bowater Corporation, Georgia-Pacific Corporation, Fort James Corporation, and others, and was a Senate-confirmed Presidential appointee to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. She is a former chair of TAPPI and current member of the TAPPI Foundation Board of Trustees.

Jim Bradbury 715 422 2297 [email protected]

Jim Bradbury is a third-generation papermaker, following his grandfather who retired as paper mill superintendent from Mead Corporation in Chillicothe, Ohio, and his father who started his career as a forester for Macon Kraft in Macon, Georgia. Jim received Bachelor degrees in Pulp and Paper Science and Chemical Engineering in 1988 from North Carolina State University and a Master’s degree in Wood and Paper Science focused on bleaching chemistry, also from NC State in 1991. He received his Ph. D. from the Institute of Paper Science and Technology in

1997, where his thesis investigated sizing reversion. He has worked for the past 15 years as Senior and Principal Research Engineer for the R&D facility of NewPage Corporation in the use and processing of chemical, mechanical and recycled fiber, coated paper product development and project management. At the end of 2011, he was appointed Manager of Pulping Research at NewPage R&D in Wisconsin Rapids.


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Stephen E. Cross 404 894 8885 [email protected]

Dr. Stephen E. Cross is the Executive Vice President for Research of the Georgia Institute of Technology. He also holds faculty appointments as a Professor in the School of Industrial and Systems Engineering and as an Adjunct Professor in the College of Computing and the College of Management. Within Georgia Tech, he serves on the President's Cabinet and on the advisory board for the Georgia Tech-Emory Collaboration for Regenerative

Medicine. He served as a Vice President and Director, Georgia Tech Research Institute, from 2003 until assuming his current position in 2010. Previously, Dr. Cross was a research faculty member at Carnegie Mellon University in the School of Computer Science and the Director of the Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute. Earlier in his career, he was a Program Manager at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and a faculty member at the Air Force Institute of Technology. He is a distinguished alumnus of the College of Engineering of the University of Cincinnati where he received his B.S.E.E. His M.S.E.E. and Ph.D. are from the Air Force Institute of Technology and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign respectively. Dr. Cross is a member of the Defense Science Board.

Rajalaxmi Dash [email protected]

Rajalaxmi Dash is a PhD student in the School of Chemistry and Biochemistry with a major in Polymer chemistry. Currently she is working with Dr. Ragauskas. Her research area is focused on synthesizing innovative cellulosics. She is expecting to graduate in May 2012.

Yulin Deng 404 894 5759 [email protected]

Dr. Yulin Deng, a professor at Georgia Tech’s School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, was recently elected as a Fellow of the International Academy of Wood Science. This election is regarded as a high honor in the wood science community. He received his B.S. in 1982 from Northeast Normal University, China, and his Ph.D. from Manchester University, U.K., in 1992. His research interests are nano-material synthesis and self-assembling, biofuel and biomass materials, colloid and interface science and engineering, polymer synthesis, and

papermaking and paper recycling.




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Lindsey Goodman [email protected]

Lindsey Goodman is a 5th-year Ph.D. candidate in the School of Materials Science and Engineering. For her dissertation, she is studying the mechanism of stress corrosion cracking of carbon steel in bioethanol, and is advised by Dr. Preet Singh. Lindsey is currently working on writing her dissertation and expects to graduate in August 2012. She is looking to start a career in materials and corrosion consulting, and intends to continue teaching and doing STEM education outreach in her free time.

Lindsey is very happy to be a member of the IPST community.

Gopal Goyal 513 248 6415 [email protected]

Gopal C. Goyal is currently managing Fiber Technology Solutions group at International Paper. Gopal did his graduate studies at University of Washington, Seattle, WA, in the chemical engineering and pulp and paper program. After finishing his graduate studies, he worked as a research scientist for Repap Technologies, where he had a key role in starting up the Alcell demonstration plant. He moved to Potlatch Corp’s research and development as a team leader in pulping, bleaching and recovery research. Gopal joined International Paper in 2003 and is currently managing the Fiber

Technology Solutions group. He has over 35 publications and 20 patents. He is also a TAPPI fellow.

Christopher Jones 404 385 1683 [email protected]

Christopher Jones, Ph.D., was named New-Vision Professor of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering at Georgia Tech in 2011. Dr. Jones directs a vigorous research program focused primarily on catalysis and CO2 separation, sequestration and utilization. In 2010 he was honored with the Ipatieff Prize from the American Chemical Society for his work on palladium catalyzed Heck and Suzuki coupling reactions. He earned a BSE degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1995, an MS and Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from California Institute

of Technology in 1997 and 1999. Dr. Jones was selected as a Georgia Tech Outstanding Faculty Research Author in 2011 and was Founding Editor-in-Chief of ACS Catalysis in 2010. He was recently selected to receive the Georgia Tech 2012 Award for Outstanding Achievement in Research Program Development




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J. Philip E. Jones 770 645 3373 [email protected]

J. Philip E. Jones is Director of New Ventures, IMERYS Pigments for Paper, Roswell, Georgia. He has served 2 terms as a member of the Board of Directors of the Technical Association of Pulp & Paper Industries (TAPPI), as well as on the Executive Committee; he is a TAPPI Fellow and past chairman of the TAPPI Research Management Committee. Phil was recently named to receive TAPPI Joachim Distinguished Service Award, which will be conferred later this month. Phil is a former member of the

Board of Executives of the Institute of Paper Science and Technology (IPST) @ Georgia Tech and a previous vice-chair of the Industry Advisory Board of the Sloan Center for Paper Business Industry Studies. He has been a member of the NSF visiting committee to the Nano-fabrication Center at Pennsylvania State University and also on the AF&PA/TAPPI review committee at the Forest Products Lab in Madison WI. He is Co-Chair of the Nano-technology subcommittee of the Agenda 2020 program at AF&PA and a member of the Consultative Board for Advancing Nanotechnology (CBAN) in the Forest Products Industry which interfaces with government agencies such as OSTP, DoE, NSF, USDA and DoD through the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI).

Gyungwon Kim [email protected]

Gyungwon Kim is a doctoral student in School of Public Policy at Georgia Tech and a graduate research assistant working with Dr. Marilyn A. Brown. She received her master degree in City and Regional Planning from Seoul National University in South Korea. Her recent work, "The Employment Impacts of Energy Efficiency: A Case Study of Combined Heat and Power," focused on macroeconomic impact analysis associated with environment and energy efficiency policies, using input-

output model and the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS). This research was partially funded by the Institute of Paper Science and Technology in 2011. She is expected to graduate in 2013.

Lester Li [email protected]

Lester Li is a 3rd-year Ph.D. student in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering advised by Dr. Dennis Hess and Dr. Victor Breedveld. His research concerns modification of the wetting properties of paper through the use of plasma processes. Etching and coating the surface of the paper prevents and controls how both water and oils wet paper. Results of this technique have been applied to biomedical testing applications. He expects to graduate in the Fall of 2013.



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Norman Marsolan 404 894 2802 [email protected]

Norman Marsolan is Director of the Institute of Paper Science and Technology (IPST) at the Georgia Institute of Technology. As director, Dr. Marsolan is responsible for engaging the research capacity of Georgia Tech in the service of IPST member companies and the industry. After twenty years of service, Dr. Marsolan retired from International Paper Company (IP) in 2008, where he last served as director of research & development. Norman held assignments as mill manager and as director of technology manufacturing solutions responsible for the worldwide

support of pulp and paper manufacturing. Dr. Marsolan is a member of the Georgia Tech Strategic Plan Implementation Committee, chair of the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI), and is a member of its board of directors and executive committee. He is an affiliate member of the forest products industry's Agenda 2020 Technology Alliance. Additionally, he previously served on the Georgia Tech IPST Board of Executives.

Gary S. May 404 894 6825 [email protected]

Gary S. May, Georgia Tech alumnus, professor and former chair of Electrical and Computer Engineering, was appointed dean of Georgia Tech’s College of Engineering last July. A native of St. Louis, Missouri, May earned his bachelor’s in electrical engineering at Georgia Tech. For his graduate studies, May pursued both his master’s and doctoral degrees from the University of California, Berkeley. He returned to Tech

as an assistant professor in 1991, achieving full professor status in 2000. May chaired the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering from 2005 until his appointment as Dean.

Xianzhi Meng [email protected] Xianzhi Meng is a student from China who spent two years in Shandong University of Technology in China, then transferred to Bloomsburg University in Pennsylvania to obtain a bachelor’s degree in chemistry in 2010. Xianzhi is currently a Ph.D. student in Dr. Ragauskas’ research group in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and expects to graduate in 2015. Xianzhi’s research area focuses on the fundamentals of biomass recalcitrance, and is currently using a Simons’ Staining technique and NMR cryoporometry to analyze the cellulose accessibility and porosity.


http://www.coe.gatech.edu/

http://www.ece.gatech.edu/


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Carson Meredith 404 385 2151 [email protected]

Carson Meredith, who joined Georgia Tech in 2000, is Professor and J. Carl Pirkle Senior Faculty Fellow in Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, where he was recently appointed to the position of Associate Chair of Graduate Studies. His research interests include polymer interfaces, nano-composites, biomimicry, and sustainable materials. He also serves as the Coordinator for New Forest Biomaterials with IPST and leads a DoD MURI Center focused on biomimicry of natural adhesives and bioluminescent compounds. Carson's group published the cover

article of the journal Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, describing research inspired by novel ways to use pollen and other plant and forest resources.

Patrick Reed 404 385 2542 [email protected]

Patrick Reed is a Senior Licensing Associate in the Office of Technology Licensing at Georgia Tech Research Corporation. He holds a master’s degree in biotechnology from Northwestern University and a bachelor’s degree in biology from the University of Tennessee at Martin. Prior to his work at Georgia Tech, Patrick spent five years in the Intellectual Property Office at the LSU Agricultural Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Patrick came to Georgia Tech in 2006, where he is involved in negotiating

agreements containing intellectual property, facilitating industry center-based IP efforts, and translational research focused activities. He is an active member at the Association of University Technology Managers and a subcommittee chair of AUTM’s New Metrics committee.

Meisha Shofner 404 385 7216 [email protected]

Dr. Meisha Shofner is an Assistant Professor in the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology. Her research concerns designing hierarchically structured polymeric materials and nanocomposites through approaches such as novel processing, polymer crystallization, and nanoparticle assembly and templating. Her research group is employing these methods preferentially to bio-based materials. Dr. Shofner received her B.S. in Mechanical Engineering at

The University of Texas at Austin and her Ph.D. in Materials Science from Rice University. Prior to beginning graduate school, she was employed as a design engineer by FMC in the Subsea Engineering Division, working at two plant locations (Houston, Texas and the Republic of Singapore). Following post-doctoral research training at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dr. Shofner joined the faculty at Georgia Tech in 2005. She is a registered Professional Engineer in Georgia.



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Christopher Smoak 404 407 6979 [email protected]

Christopher Smoak is a Research Scientist in the CyberTechnology and Information Security Laboratory at the Georgia Tech Research Institute. He has more than ten years of security-related experience ranging from building defensible systems to advanced malware and exploitation research. Mr. Smoak directs research efforts geared towards automated, dynamic malware analysis to help detect and mitigate compromises. Within this realm, he has worked to identify common

attack vectors and methodologies utilized to compromise computer systems and operate undetected. He earned a B.S. in Computer Science from the Georgia Institute of Technology and is currently pursuing his M.S. in Information Security. He holds the CISSP certification. Mr. Smoak has been consulted as a subject-matter expert in information security for both televised and print media.

Ken Stewart 404 385 7577 [email protected]

Ken Stewart joined the Georgia Institute of Technology in 2010 as a senior advisor for industry strategy. Stewart came to Georgia Tech after six years in state government where he was appointed by then-Governor Sonny Perdue as Commissioner, Georgia Economic Development—“chief marketing officer of the State”—and also served as director of the Georgia Forestry Commission. Earlier, he served as vice president of Unisource Worldwide, Inc., where he led the company's south-central sales and distribution division in addition to its retail stores and specialty manufacturing businesses. He also held

several management positions at Georgia-Pacific, including director of enterprise development, senior director of strategic planning and analysis of G-P's distribution division, and director of state and local taxes. Stewart also worked for Weyerhaeuser Company and Mississippi Power & Light. Stewart holds a juris doctorate from the Woodrow Wilson College of Law in Atlanta. He is a graduate of Mississippi State University and has served as a company commander in the Army National Guard.

Terry L. Stout 404 385 2174 [email protected]

Terry Stout is Director, Office of Industry Contracts and Affiliated Licenses at Georgia Tech Research Corporation. He holds a BBA degree in Finance from Mercer University and an MBA from Reinhardt University. Terry has an extensive background in university research administration, technology licensing and industry contracts. He joined Georgia Institute of Technology as a Contract Officer in the Industry


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Group Office in 1999. He became Director of Industry Relations at Wake Forest University Health Sciences in 2002 and returned to Georgia Tech in January 2005 as Assistant Director of the Office of Technology Licensing. In August 2011 Terry was promoted to Director of a newly formed division of GTRC dedicated to drafting and negotiating industry contracts and license agreements as well as promoting collaborative partnerships with industry partners. Prior to beginning a career in research administration, Terry held financial positions pertaining to contract negotiations and credit analysis at General Foods and Scientific Atlanta.

Prateek Verma [email protected]

Prateek Verma is doing his Ph.D. under the guidance of Dr. Anselm Griffin and Dr. Meisha Shofner in the School of Materials Science and Engineering. His research area is 'Auxetic Polymer Materials' and he expects to graduate in 2015-16. He has done internships at University of Minnesota, University of Massachusetts-Amherst and University of Akron in the area of Polymer Science as an undergraduate.

Ben Wang 404-385-2068 [email protected]

Ben Wang, Ph.D., is the Eugene C. Gwaltney Jr. Chair in Manufacturing Systems in the College of Engineering and the Georgia Tech chief manufacturing officer. He comes to Georgia Tech from Florida State University where he served as director of the High-Performance Materials Institute. He also served as an assistant vice president for research in engineering and held the following three distinguished professorships: the Simon Ostrach Professor of Engineering, the FSU Distinguished Research Professor, and the U.S. Department of Energy Samuel P.

Massie Chair of Excellence. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Industrial Engineers, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, and the Society for the Advancement of Material and Processing Engineering. Dr Wang joined the Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering (ISyE) faculty on January 1, 2012, and also serves as the new Executive Director of Georgia Tech’s Manufacturing Research Center. Dr Wang earned his bachelor’s in industrial engineering from Tunghai University in Taiwan, and his master’s in industrial engineering and Ph.D. from Pennsylvania State University.


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Hongzhi Wang [email protected]

Hongzhi Wang is currently a Ph.D. candidate working in Dr. Sven Behrens’ research group in the School of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering. His research areas of interest involve emulsion stabilization, novel encapsulation techniques for release control and water treatment, and synthesis and assemble of nano-particles and specialty paper development. He achieved his bachelor and master degree in pulp and

paper engineering from Nanjing Forestry University. His research title is “Design of Functional Double Pickering Emulsion Template Colloidosomes and Fundamentals of Emulsifications with Nano-particles.” Hongzhi expects to graduate in Fall 2013. He interned with National Starch, Ltd, Shanghai, China in 2005 and 2006.

Tyrone Wells [email protected]

Tyrone Wells is a Ph.D. student and PSE fellow in the School of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Georgia Tech working under Dr. Arthur Ragauskas. His work consists of the microbial upgrading of pyrolysis oils and biomass to lipids using oleaginous strains of bacteria. His expected graduation date is December 2013.

Jie Wu [email protected]

Jie Wu is a third-year Ph.D. student in the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology. He received his B.E. Polymer Materials and Engineering degree in 2009 from Donghua University, Shanghai, China. He joined Dr. Carson Meredith’s group at Georgia Tech in October 2009 to pursue his Ph.D. degree, and is expected to graduate in the Spring 2014. His research focuses on nano-structured bio-inspired optical materials with emphasis on renewable

resources. Recently, he received the IPC innovation prize at the Georgia Tech Research and Innovation Conference.




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Student Poster Session

The following are abstracts of the research work currently being conducted by a sampling of the Paper Science and Engineering graduate students. Funding for these students is largely provided by the industry-generated endowment fund. The students are members of a multi-disciplinary education and research program for the pulp and paper industry and are pursuing degrees through the mechanical engineering, chemical and biomolecular engineering, materials science and engineering, and the chemistry and biochemistry schools of the Georgia Institute of Technology.

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Student Poster Abstracts

Thermal Conversion of Biomass and Biomass Components to Biofuel and Bio-Chemicals Author: Haoxi Ben Email: [email protected] Advisor: Art Ragauskas Abstract: Pyrolysis is a promising approach to utilize biomass for bio-fuels. The key challenges for this conversion include three questions: how to improve the yield, how to analyze complicated components, and how to upgrade the properties of pyrolysis products. To find optimal conditions, we have pyrolyzed various whole biomasses (pine wood, pine bark and pine residue) and biomass components (cellulose, lignin and tannin) at different temperatures from 400-600°C. The yields were from 35-74 wt%. We used novel quantitative 13C NMR, 31P NMR and HSQC-NMR techniques, and GPC to analyze the components in the pyrolysis oils to avoid the limitation of normal GC-MS analysis method. Quantitative results of various hydroxy groups and different carbons could be provided. Fingerprint analysis of HSQC-NMR could provide the assignments and semi-quantitative analysis of more than twenty different C-H bonds present in pyrolysis oils. To improve the properties, zeolites were used as additives during the pyrolysis process. After the use of H-ZSM-5 zeolite, the heavy oil has a relatively lower oxygen content, lower acidity and lower molecular weight, which represent a more ideal bio-fuel. One-step conversion of lignin to the gasoline range products (Mw= 70-140 g/mol) was also accomplished. The pyrolysis oils were further upgraded by hydrogen deoxygenation with Ru/C to produce “gasoline-like” totally aliphatic products. The bioconversion of water-soluble part of pyrolysis oil was also examined and various long- chain fatty acids could be produced.

Interactions of Biomass Molecules with Heterogeneous Catalysts in Aqueous and Vacuum Environments Author: John Copeland; Carsten Sievers Email: [email protected] Advisor: Carsten Sievers Abstract: Aqueous phase catalytic processes for biomass conversion are promising because many biomass-derived compounds readily dissolve in water and because water is an abundant, green solvent. The current study aims to identify and understand fundamental interactions of biomass-derived oxygenates on catalysts and supports. Specifically, the interactions of ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, and glycerol with g-Al2O3 and 5 wt% Pt on g-Al2O3 were studied. Transmission IR was used to investigate surface interactions between the various biomass-derived oxygenates and g-Al2O3. Spectra were recorded under varying degrees of vacuum and heating. This analysis showed strong interactions between all molecules and the bridging surface hydroxyls of g-Al2O3, at room temperature and pressure. Removal of surface water by vacuum caused the formation of alkoxide bonds in all of the polyols, except glycerol, which formed these bonds even at room temperature and pressure. Interactions between glycerol dissolved in water and 5 wt% Pt on g-alumina were studied using a flow ATR-IR setup. Upon exposure to glycerol, linear and bridging CO formed on the Pt particles. The CO and carbonyl groups were stable under water flow. Oxygen-saturated water quickly

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oxidized the CO, but not the surface carbonyls, from the surface. Returning to glycerol solution resulted in smaller integrated peak areas for glycerol and bridging CO, but a larger integrated peak area for linear CO. These differences are likely caused by the surface carbonyl species occupying sites on the Pt, changing extinction coefficients in the presence of other surface species and a partially oxidized Pt surface.

Tar Reforming of Biomass-Derived Syngas Author: Jessica Ewbank Email: [email protected] Advisor: Carsten Sievers Abstract: My research focuses on tar-reforming of biomass derived syngas. Syngas derived from biomass offers the chance to produce renewable, carbon-neutral fuels. Tars are currently defined as condensable aromatics and are found in a much higher concentration in biogas than syngas derived from coal. Tar reforming is the bottleneck in utilization of biomass derived syngas. Tars can clog process lines, foul equipment, and hinder further processing of syngas. My work focuses on rational design of catalysts used for this application in order to successfully correlate catalytic activity with tar-reforming capabilities. Tar reforming is being investigated under closely modeled syngas compositions and long on-stream studies are a major focus. My poster will contain a brief introduction to tar reforming of biomass derived syngas. Synthesis methods used to create catalysts for tar reforming will be detailed. The experimental apparatus which is used for reactivity studies is presented. The overall aim and future goals of research are defined.

Biotransformation Potential of Phytosterols in Biological Treatment Systems under Various Redox Conditions Author: Christy Dykstra; Hamilton Giles Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Advisors: Sujit Banerjee and Spyros Pavlostathis Abstract: Phystosterols are known endocrine-disrupting compounds present in untreated and some treated pulp mill wastewaters. They are believed to be partly responsible for the reported endocrine disturbances in fish downstream of pulp mills. Aerated stabilization basins, ASBs, are widely used by the North American pulp and paper industry to biologically treat their wastewater. These treatment systems use a series of open lagoons and tapered aeration to remove effluent chemical oxygen demand and prevent generation of reduced sulfur compounds. Multiple pathways of phytosterol removal and biotransformation are possible in these systems. This research investigates the potential for phytosterols to be biotransformed or otherwise removed from the effluent stream within ASBs. Biotransformation of phytosterols in aerobic, nitrate-reducing, sulfate-reducing and methanogenic systems is explored as well as adsorption/desorption from microbial biomass and wastewater solids.

Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel in High Temperature Ethanolic Environments Author: Stephani Gulbrandsen Email: [email protected] Advisor: Preet Singh


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Abstract: Stress corrosion cracking is known to occur in high temperature ethanol-water environments, but the conditions under which it does and does not occur are unknown. These environments are found in extraction processes, such as organosolv delignification, and range from 100-205°C, typically have 0-60 volume% water, are acidic, and can contain chlorides as contaminants. Slow strain-rate tests were performed to determine threshold stress corrosion cracking environmental parameters for these common constituents. Results indicated that the water content needs to be above 1 volume% (and below 100 volume %) and the temperature above 175-200°C. Once these two conditions are met, either the pHe threshold of less than 4 needs to be satisfied or the chloride concentration needs to be below the threshold value, which is still being determined. Extraction processes that have environments within the stress corrosion cracking regime could be prone to failure.

Purification of Inkjet Ink from Water Using Liquid Phase Electric Discharge Polymerization and Cellulosic Membrane Filtration Author: Alexander Jordan Email: [email protected] Advisor: Jeff Hsieh

Abstract: A method to separate inkjet ink from water was developed using liquid-phase electric

discharge free radical polymerization, then filtration of ink using a 0.8 micron filter cellulose acetate membrane. The electric-discharge polymerization process generates free radicals by stripping off hydrogen atoms from ink molecules. Once the radicals are generated, polymerization takes place and creates very large molecular weight molecules that can be easily separated from water. The mechanism was verified as free radical using small molecule analysis of methanol that had undergone the electric-discharge process. Since 1,2-ethanediol was found in the solution after the discharge process, positive confirmation could be made that the process was free-radical. This technique was very effective in removing ink from water through changing variables such as discharge time; ink concentration; volume of mixture; power of discharge; and pH.

Crystallinity - A Key Parameter for Cellulosic Biomass Hydrolysis Author: Yuzhi Kang; Prabuddha Bansal; Bryan J. Vowell; Matthew J. Realff; Andreas S. Bommarius Email: [email protected] Advisors: Andreas S. Bommarius and Matthew J. Realff Abstract: Our overall research goal is to understand connections between accessibility, hydrolyzability, and reactivity for the prediction of hydrolysis rates in the pretreatment of cellulosic and lignocellulosic substrates. To do this, we have been quantifying the connections between crystallinity, equilibrium adsorption, and reaction rate for these substrates. For example, steam explosion is one of the most effective pretreatment methods in disrupting lignocellulosics structure and enhancing its accessibility. The key operational parameters including temperature, residence time, and acid concentration have pronounced effects on crystallinity index (CrI) of the feedstock. The CrI of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass was calculated from X-ray diffractometry with the method of Least-squares and was found to decrease as pretreatment severity increases. Furthermore, the CrI of cellulose fraction in the steam-pretreated substrate is found to decrease proportionally with cellulose conversion. A series of steam-exploded lignocellulosic samples with varying CrI was generated and the significance of CrI is confirmed by a linear relationship between initial hydrolysis rates and CrI. To more fully explore the connection we have also undertaken experiments with phosphoric acid-swollen Avicel

® at different levels of conversion.

We will present the quantitative trends between the rate of conversion and these underlying

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substrate properties. The present studies provide evidence that the CrI is a key parameter determining the enzymatic hydrolysis rate of cellulosic biomass.

Non-Wood Pulping and Papermaking

Author: Mikhail Levit Email: [email protected] Advisor: Art Ragauskas Abstract: We investigate the possibility to substitute a fraction of agricultural residue for woodchips. The research focuses on chemical and mechanical pulping of blends of agricultural residue and virgin wood. The capabilities and the primary results of the research allow us to evaluate the impact of co-pulping on physical and optical properties of handsheets.

Hysteresis Enabled Biomedical Testing on Superhydrophobic Paper Author: Lester Li Email: [email protected] Advisor: Victor Breedveld Abstract: Fabrication of surfaces with heterogeneous contact angle hysteresis enables extraction of droplet samples from bulk liquid volumes. These surfaces are created by printing high hysteresis wax islands onto low hysteresis superhydrophobic paper. The volume of the sampled droplets depends on the hysteresis of the printed islands, which can be controlled through both physical and chemical means. Physically, hysteresis is modified through the addition of surface roughness. Chemical hysteresis is tuned by changing the active chemical groups present on the wax surface. The observed control of the volume of sampled droplets, which is necessary for quantitative biochemical or chemical assays, extends to scenarios in which multiple droplet samples are extracted simultaneously from a single bulk droplet. The ability to obtain well-defined microliter sample volumes and to extract several samples simultaneously from the same source enables the development of 2D paper based microfluidic devices for biomedical testing.

Cationic Polymer Aided Acceleration of Starch and Fiber Hydrolysis for the Production of Biofuels Author: Kendra Maxwell Email: [email protected] Advisor: Sujit Banerjee Abstract: Improving the efficiency of biofuels production is key to reducing energy usage and costs during the conversion of biomass to ethanol. Experimental results have shown that the addition of positively charged polymer increases the conversion rate of starch and cellulose fiber to glucose during enzymatic hydrolysis. The aim of this study was to determine the major factors which affect the mechanism of starch hydrolysis in the presence of cationic polymers so that optimal production rates could be achieved. A combination of analytical methods including dynamic light scattering, optical imaging, and uv-vis spectroscopy were used to study polyelectrolyte, starch, and enzyme interactions as a function of process conditions.

Experimental results showed that In the presence of the cationic polymers, both the binding of -amylase to cornstarch, and the rate of cornstarch hydrolysis increased. By analogy to previous work on cationic polymer promoted hydrolysis of cellulose, it is proposed that the polymer reduces the charge on the surface of starch through a “charged-patch” mechanism. Because

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both enzyme and substrate are negatively charged, the positively charged polymer reduces the charge repulsion experienced by the approaching enzyme, which leads to stronger enzyme-substrate binding and faster hydrolysis. This method could have significant economic impacts on industrial conversion of starch and fiber to ethanol.

Production of High-Octane Fuels from Pyrolysis Oils Author: Sarah McNew Email: [email protected] Advisor: Carsten Sievers Abstract: My research focuses on understanding chemical engineering principles and reaction mechanisms to design catalysts to upgrade pyrolysis oils by hydrodeoxygenation. These oils can be produced from any kind of organic feedstock including waste streams from the forest products and agricultural industry. However, many compounds in these mixtures are not stable enough to be transported and the resulting mixture contains chemicals that will impede direct use of the mixture as a fuel. I am working on synthesizing sulfur-free heterogeneous catalysts to increase the stability and improve the quality of the bio-crude oil. The synthesis method and composition of the catalysts will be optimized based on characterization with a variety of physico-chemical techniques. Promising catalysts are tested on model compounds and the products are analyzed as the operating conditions of the reaction vary. These catalytic reactions are performed in a continuously operated fixed bed reactor.

Reaction Mechanism Study of Biomass Derived Pyrolysis Oil Upgrading Author: Wei Mu Email: [email protected] Advisor: Yulin Deng Abstract: Lignin has a very complex structure including three basic monomers with over 20 kinds of linkages. The complex structure makes it very hard to decompose. Pyrolysis is one of the most economic ways to break down the lignin. The disadvantage is that the pyrolysis oil derived from this process has very high oxygen content and unsaturated bonds. Therefore, the upgrading of pyrolysis oil is necessary. Pyrolysis oil has two phases; the heavy oil phase (water-insoluble) and the light oil phase (water soluble). In my study, a two-step method to hydrodeoxygenate the heavy oil in aqueous phase is used. After treatment, no aromatic ring and other unsaturated bonds were left. The oil was broken down to monomers with transparent apparent. The C13 NMR study indicated the removal of oxygen occurred in the process. The yield for this process was 33%. The light oil derived from wood achieved 100% yield and fully hydrogenated. The light oil from residual could only be partially hydrogenated but the yield is also 100%. The bark could be fully hydrogenated but the yield is 80%. The reaction mechanisms for all the processes above are discussed.

Role of Pyrolysis Conditions in the Evolution of Biomass Char Morphology and Gaseous Products Author: Gautami Newalkar; Abiola Shitta; Pradeep Agrawal; Kristiina Iisa; Steve Lien; Scott A. Sinquefield; Carsten Sievers Email: [email protected] Advisor: Pradeep Agrawal

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Abstract: A major advantage of biomass gasification is that waste and residue from forest and paper industry can be converted to syngas. Biomass gasification involves pyrolysis and char gasification steps in series. Pyrolysis experiments on pine and switchgrass (particles of 180-250µm) were performed in the Laminar Entrained Flow Reactor (LEFR) and the Pressurized Entrained Flow Reactor (PEFR). Measurements in LEFR were made at a residence time of 4 s

and at 600-1000 ⁰C and PEFR at 5, 10 and 15 bars and 600-1000⁰C and at a residence time of 10 s. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to study the effects of pyrolysis temperature and pressure on char morphology. The results show that with increase in pyrolysis temperature, particles gained more sphericity. The pyrolysis gaseous products tend to trap in the char particles at higher pressures, creating distinct gas pockets. Melting and reconstitution was observed at higher pressure which indicated the presence of an internal skeletal structure. Char morphology and structure is strongly impacted by the increased pressure during devolatilization and is likely to affect char gasification activity.

Cellulose-based Nanocomposite as a Potential Scaffold in Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering Author: Parisa Pooyan; Dr. Dahmen Email: [email protected] Advisor: Hamid Garmestani Abstract: Cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) with its renewable and environmentally benign nature, and its abundance and excellent biocompatibility, could potentially open a new avenue in cardiovascular tissue engineering for small-caliber grafts. Inspired by this bioapplication, we have designed a fully bio-based nanocomposite of aligned CNWs embedded in a matrix of cellulose acetate possessing a controlled biodegradability, 3-D porosity, and non-acidic byproducts as opposed to degradable PLA/PGA. To ensure uniform distribution, CNW were delicately extracted from a multi-stage process and dispersed in a solvent of choice prior to mixing with the matrix to inhibit whiskers flocculation. Comparable to Carbon Nanotubes or Kevlar, CNWs imparts significant strength and directional rigidity to the composite even at 0.2 wt% yet doubles that within a controlled magnetic field of only 0.3T. We believe our fibrous porous aligned nanocomposite could expand the biomedical applications of cellulose-based materials while providing a potential scaffold in vascular tissue engineering.

Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin Model Compounds via Thermal Catalytic Reactions Author: Michael Roy Email: [email protected] Advisor: Yulin Deng Abstract: The production of renewable specialty chemicals and fuel additives is of major importance as the economies of the world continue to grow while fossil resource production declines. At present, roughly one third of biomass entering paper mills is used as a low grade boiler fuel. The majority of this fuel is lignin which is a branched phenolic polymer with base molecular weight near that of gasoline. In this work, I will attempt to hydrodeoxygenate lignin model compounds with Pt/C catalysts in organic and aqueous solvents under hydrogen atmosphere to compare solvent hydrogen solubility effects. In later work, depolymerization of lignin will be assessed to determine operating parameters necessary for the development of a biorefinery.

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Structural Characterization of Lignin in Agave Americana Author: Reichel Samuel*; Hongjia Li

2; Yunqiao Pu

1; Charlie Wyman

2; Art Ragauskas

Email: [email protected] Advisor: Art Ragauskas Abstract:

1BioEnergy Science Center, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Paper

Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 2BioEnergy Science

Center, CE-CERT and Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States *Presenter As part of our efforts to investigating the biomass recalcitrance in Agave, we studied the plant cell wall structure by whole-cell NMR analysis in perdeuterated pyridinium chloride –DMSO d6; and, since the lignin content in Agave is significantly low, in order to get detailed information about various lignin sub-units, we isolated enzymatic lignin from Agave americana leaf (AAL) and heart (AAH) bagasse and it is characterized by

13C NMR,

13C-

1H HSQC NMR and Gel-permeable

Chromatography. Agave Americana lignin is characterized as syringyl-rich with an S/G ratio as 1.75 and 1.20 for AAL and AAH respectively. The lignin side-chain units identified are β-aryl ether, phenyl coumaran, resinol and spirodienone. Based on a semi-quantitative estimation of the side-chain units from the

13C-

1H HSQC spectra, the amounts of resinol and phenyl coumaran

are significantly high in Agave Americana Heart (AAH).

Application of Chemical Imaging to Understand Recalcitrance Author: Jung Seokwon Email: [email protected] Advisor: Art Ragauskas Abstract: Biomass is one of the most abundant potential sustainable sources for fuel and material production. To fully realize this potential, an improved understanding of lignocellulosic recalcitrance must be developed. In an effort to appreciate the underlying phenotypic, biochemical and morphological properties associated with the reduced recalcitrance observed in tension stress-induced reaction wood, we report the increased enzymatic sugar yield and corresponding chemical and ultrastructural properties of Populus tension wood (TW). A series of complementary analytical techniques were used to describe changes occurring as a result of the formation of a gelatinous cell wall layer. Along with bulk analysis by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and

13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), surface

characterization with chemical image can provide spatial and lateral information. Herein, we illustrate the application of chemical imaging technique to understand biomass recalcitrance; time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry ﴾ToF-SIMS﴿; and Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) Microscopy. ToF-SIMS has been applied to achieve the major component images (e.g. cellulose, xylan, and lignins) and their semi-quantitative variation on the surface of poplar stem. The ToF-SIMS images represent excellent cell wall components under submicron scale. 3-D microanalysis combined with surface sputtering also shows lateral distribution of major components of tension wood which can be related to the recalcitrance of biomass. CARS Microscopy has been developed and applied for biomass imaging, and this unique tool is powerful in imaging complex biological systems in-situ, specifically in identifying recalcitrant features evolving in biomass with reference to their processing to biofuels.

Green Nanocellulosic Barriers Author: Sudhir Sharma Email: [email protected] Advisor: Yulin Deng

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Abstract: Packaging materials are used for food stuff, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and other dry goods. Packaging materials provide a barrier against air, water, grease, microbes and odor. Packaging materials currently in use consists of glass, metals (aluminum and tin), petroleum based plastics and paper coated with aluminum, wax and plastic. These materials have various disadvantages; they are unsustainable (metals), fragile (glass), increase cost of transportation (glass) and are not renewable (metals, coated papers). The packaging industry is valued at around $4 Billion currently and is projected to grow at 3% a year. Therefore there is a need to replace conventionally used, unsustainable packaging materials with completely renewable, recyclable, biodegradable packaging materials which can provide the same properties as conventionally used packaging materials. Pure cellulose based packaging material are unheard of since they do not have good barrier properties in the native form. At IPST there have been recent developments in the field of Nanocellulosic barrier materials. Nanocellulosic materials are composed of cellulose fibers of diameter 10-50nm and lengths up to 1000nm. These materials can be easily modified chemically and can be cast into dense coatings. Materials that offer excellent gas barrier properties while being completely renewable, biodegradable, nontoxic and stable have been developed. Additionally, they are lightweight and can help reduce transportation costs and are easily stored. The current focus is to develop materials that offer barrier properties to all the aforementioned elements. The current research is focused on producing a multilayer coating, the top layer of which consists of a self-cleaning hydrophobic and lyophobic layer. The middle layer consists of a dense nanocellulosic layer (which may be modified chemically or by addition of barrier enhancing materials such as clays). The final layer is again an unmodified paper protected by the above two layers.

Effect of Lignin on Cellulose Ultrastructure Change during Dilute Acid Pretreatment Author: Qining Sun; Marcus Foston; Art Ragauskas Email: [email protected] Advisor: Art Ragauskas Abstract: Obtaining a better understanding of the complex mechanisms occurring during lignocellulosic breakdown is critical to the growth of renewable and clean biofuel production. A key step in bioethanol production is pretreatment to reduce cell-wall recalcitrance for downstream processes. We have shown in an earlier study that this pretreatment can cause a decrease in cellulose degree of polymerization, increase in cellulose crystallinity and accompanying increase in the cellulose microfibril dimensions during dilute acid pretreatment, which is similar to that of synthetic polymers. This process could have large implications with respect to enzymatic deconstruction efforts. Therefore, in an effort to understand this phenomenon, poplar with controlled lignin contents are pretreated with dilute sulfuric acid (0.1 M) at 160 ℃ for 15 min and 35 min. Solid-state CP/MAS 13C NMR, GPC, HPLC and FTIR were applied to investigate how cellulose crystallinity and degree of polymerization, along with other chemical signatures of degradation, change during pretreatment as a function of lignin content.

Stability of Acid-Functionalized Activated Carbons Author: Adam Van Pelt Email: [email protected] Advisor: Carsten Sievers Abstract: Activated carbon is acidified using liquid-phase oxidants H2SO4, HNO3, and H2O2 and gas phase oxidants of 300 and 400°C flowing air. The acidified carbons are exposed to

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conditions typical of those in biomass reforming reactions – 200°C, 17 bar liquid water – to determine the effect on acid functional groups imparted in oxidation. It is found that carboxylic groups are removed in large amounts under these conditions, whereas phenolic groups are stable and lactonic and basid group concentrations are increased slightly. Morphological changes under these conditions are found to be negligible. Further investigation into H2SO4-treated carbon indicates that sulfonic acid groups are added in large amounts upon acidification and are partially removed upon exposure to the hot liquid water environment. HNO3 acidification imparts nitro groups on the carbon surface which are completely removed upon exposure to 200 and 225°C liquid water, but only partially removed upon exposure to 150°C liquid water.

Flexible Electronic Papers Fabricated from Microfibrillated Cellulose

Author: Xiaodan Zhang Email: [email protected] Advisor: Yulin Deng Abstract: Cellulose, as the main component of paper, is a polysaccharide consisting of thousands of β -linked glucose unit. Cellulose not only is the most abundant biopolymer in the world but also has excellent mechanical properties. Using paper-based substrate for electronic devices has become a new research focus, because paper has the advantages of being environmental-friendly, transparent and flexible. In my work, first, a paper-based ionic diode consisting of two oppositely charged cellulose nanofibrils sublayers was studied. Paper based solar cell is another electronic device to be studied.

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IPST Research Faculty, Staff and Students

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IPST Faculty/Research

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IPST SUPPORT STAFF

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Paper Science and Engineering Students

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IPST TESTING SERVICES

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• Chemical analysis

• Microscopy-- optical, and scanning and transmission electron microscopes

• Product physical analysis

• Corrosion diagnosis

• Chemical recovery process elements

• Gasification: black liquor gasification pilot plant

• Pulp Analysis: pilot digester; high-shear bleaching mixers with ozone injection; screens for contaminant analysis

For Further Information: www.ipst.gatech.edu/testing_services

Contacts Analytical: Mike Buchanan

404/894-5338 [email protected]

Pulping & Bleaching: Rallming Yang 404/894-7862 [email protected]

Chemical Recovery & Gasification: Scott Sinquefield 404/385-0241 [email protected]

Analytical and Testing Services IPST – Georgia Tech





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IPST Testing Services IPST at Georgia Tech Testing Services include chemical analysis, gasification, microscopy, paper physical analysis, materials analysis, pulp analysis and chemical recovery. Our Testing Services team oversees all activities related to research testing services for both internal and external customers. The multidisciplinary capabilities of the team make it uniquely qualified to address customers' technical needs in the areas of process and product development and quality control. Our professional scientists and engineers work together to provide information and offer solutions required by a rapidly changing market. Where appropriate, testing services personnel will involve faculty and other staff experts to arrive at the best possible solution. Chemical Analysis Laboratory (Mike Buchanan) The activities of the Chemical Analysis Group range from routine testing services to research. Some specific areas of experience include machine deposit, evaporator scale and product contaminant chemical characterization; wood, pulping liquor, pulp and paper chemical analysis; product defect analysis; and methods development. To support this variety of analytical service projects, the group employs numerous instrumental analysis techniques including gas and liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, emission spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis. Classical wet chemistry techniques including titrimetry, gravimetry and calorimetry are also used routinely. Paper Physics Laboratory (Roman Popil) Paper Board/Box Testing at IPST has over 5600 square feet of lab space dedicated to address any paper, board, corrugated board/box and specialty product testing needs in areas of strength, optical, surface, and structural properties. In addition to a full complement of conventional Tappi method testing capabilities, the paper testing group can provide special services in the areas of environmental simulations and accelerated aging. Synergistic collaboration with IPST Chemical Analysis Laboratory provides an unparalleled trouble-shooting capability to address any industry quality or production issue. Three large walk-in environmental chambers cover high and low temperature and humidity conditions. Pulping, Bleaching and Chemical Recovery Laboratory (Rallming Yang, Scott Sinquefield, Steve Lien) The Pulping, Bleaching and Chemical Recovery group at IPST has well equipped laboratories for testing and analysis of raw materials and pulps. Standard methods for chip analysis and most pulp quality tests are available. Special capabilities include a computer-controlled handsheet press with heated platens, a corona discharge instrument for surface modification of paper sheets, and a 50-liter Pfaudler reactor for acid treatment of biomass. Simulations of most pulping and bleaching processes can also be conducted to enable informed decisions about mill operations. Raw materials for pulping studies can be

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prepared with a Carthage chipper and Rader™ or ChipClass™ chip screens. Several pulping systems are available including a multi-unit mini-digester and a digester system with 4 liquor vessels for simulation of new batch and continuous cooking technologies. Almost all bleaching technologies can be performed in our lab in high- shear mixers. Pulp processing capabilities include laboratory screens, Valley Beater, PFI mill, and handsheet-making. In the chemical recovery area, a bench-top evaporator is used to concentrate weak black liquor and determine when soluble scale precipitates. After crystallization, filtered samples of the crystals can be collected for chemical analysis and determination of the crystal species. This information can help diagnose scaling problems in multiple effect evaporators. During an evaporation run, we monitor the particle size distribution of the precipitates and the boiling point rise. We also have the capability to measure liquor viscosity over a range of solids and temperatures. For combustion chemistry, a Laminar Entrained Flow Reactor (LEFR) is used to burn small particles (~100 microns) of black liquor, biomass and other materials. The LEFR allows tight control over temperature, residence time, and gas composition in order to study kinetic rates. A thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) is also used to study gasification and combustion. Gas analysis is performed with a gas chromatograph. Corrosion and Materials Chemistry Laboratory (Professor Preet Singh/ Jamshad Mahmood) Reliable performance of materials is very important for any industrial process, and especially for the manufacture of high-quality products in the chemical and pulp & paper industries. Material selection is generally based on the required material properties, low initial capital investment, and minimum maintenance. Changes in the process parameters to improve products can often lead to higher corrosion susceptibilities of the plant materials. Moreover, with increase in capital cost, there is pressure to extend the life of existing plant equipment beyond its original design life. Corrosion and materials engineers are also playing a key role in selecting, maintaining, and modifying materials for changing needs for every industry. Corrosion science and engineering research includes understanding the basic mechanisms involved in material degradation in given environments and using that knowledge to develop a mitigation strategy against environment-induced failures. The corrosion laboratories at IPST offer materials testing and fatigue testing of duplex steels.

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Other Research Laboratory Capabilities

Green Bioprocessing Laboratory (Professor Art Ragauskas)

Our research program focuses on green chemistry of biopolymers including cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Through the use of green chemistry, biotechnology, and cold plasma, our research group is looking at new ways to synthesize novel biomaterials, biocomposites, and biofuels from nature's renewable biopolymers. An exciting aspect of this research is the development of new nanocellulose- and hemicellulose-based materials. Such innovative research approaches allow researchers to synthesize new biomaterials that could be used for smart-polymers, controlled release, and enhanced barrier properties for health care, packaging, and security applications. Our research program is also renowned for its fundamental oxidative chemistry and structural elucidation of polysaccharides and lignin. Students involved in these studies utilize our state-of-the-art NMR and MS facilities. An active field of research that presents vast opportunities is the use of cellulose to develop new biocomposites. An example of this is the biocomposite being prepared from polysaccharides and polylactic acid, a unique product that exhibits far greater performance than either material alone. This research involves a great deal of physical chemistry at the surface of differing materials including surface grafting reactions, polymer chemistry, and surface analysis employing ESCA, AFM, and SEM. Another area of carbohydrate research lies in the creation of biofuels, which are being developed through the depolymerization of biomass. The substitution of imported hydrocarbons with bio-based fuels and chemicals offers a tremendous opportunity to develop new renewable green chemistry processes that exhibit substantially improved environmental performance properties and net reductions in CO2 emissions. Currently, we are examining unique catalytic chemistries and biotechnologies (i.e., laccase, peroxidase, endoglucanase) in ionic liquids that will convert lignocellulosics into valuable biofuels. Student research is conducted in a multidisciplinary environment with several projects involving collaborative efforts with other groups on campus, nationally, and internationally. Surface Characterization Testing Laboratory (Professor Yulin Deng)

The group’s research interests are nanomaterial synthesis and self-assembling biofuel and biomass-based materials, colloid and surface science and engineering, polymer synthesis, and papermaking and paper recycling. In nanomaterial synthesis and characterization, one-dimensional nanomaterials, including ZnO, TiO2, Mg(OH)2, Au, polyaniline, and two-dimensional nanomaterials with ordered patterns have been some of the research projects. The unique applications of such one- and two- dimensional nanomaterials as a sensor, solar cell and super-capacitors have been studied. The one-dimensional nanomaterials synthesized in our lab have also been used as reinforcement

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materials in polymer nanocomposite material. Cellulose nanowhiskers, which are biodegradable one-dimensional materials, have been used as reinforcement nanomaterials in our high-strength fiber preparation. Hollow-structure inorganic materials, such as TiO2 and polymer materials, such as poly(iso-propyl acrylamide) have been synthesized. These unique nanomaterials can be used in many applications including for example drug delivery and solar cells. Nanocomposites such as polymer/nanoclay hybrids are engineering materials that have great potential in many industries. Recent research indicated that exfoliated nanoclay could be encapsulated in polymer latices. The water-based polymer-nanoclay suspension is a great candidate for painting and paper coating. In biofuel research, the group has been developing a novel pretreatment of lignocellulose for biofuel production. Catalytic depolymerization of lignin, including chemical and photocatalytic conversion of lignin into fuel, is one of the current active research projects within the research group. Nano Visualization Laboratory (Professor Zhong Lin Wang)

We are a leading group in nanoscience and nanotechnology in the Georgia Institute of Technology. Our current research focuses on the fundamental science in the physical and chemical processes in nanomaterials growth, unique properties, fabrication of novel devices, and their unique applications in energy science and biomedical science. Our research is in following directions:

1. Nanogenerators for converting mechanical energy into electricity; 2. Nanopiezotronics and its applications; 3. Nano-enabled technology for solar-cells; 4. Integration of nanosystems with biomedical science and cancer detection; 5. Self-powered nanosystems; 6. Fundamental electron microscopy and its applications; 7. In-situ measurements in TEM

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ATTENDANCE

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ATTENDANCE BY ORGANIZATION

Agenda 2020 Technology Alliance -- Ron Brown

Ashland Hercules Water Technologies – Frank Sutman, Terry Bliss

Domtar – Bruno Marcoccia, Richard Mullen, Harshad Pande

Eka Chemicals – Tony Colasurdo, Danny Haynes, Ken Matthews

Imerys – Phil Jones, Tony Lyons

International Paper – Matt Bovee, Gopal Goyal

Kemira – Scott Rosencrance, Frank Zimmermann

Kimberly-Clark – Malcolm Halls, Chris Luettgen

MeadWestvaco – Lon Rollinson, Dave Turpin

NewPage Corporation – Jim Bradbury

Rayonier – Jian Li, Mark Murguia

Renmatix – Manuk Colakyan, Dan Floyd

SAPPI – Anthony Belanger, Tom Waecker

TAPPI – Larry Montague

UPM-Kymmene – Heikki Ilvespää

USDA, US Forest Service, Forest Products Lab – Ted Wegner

Weyerhaeuser – Amar Neogi

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REGISTRATION LIST

Paul Baer Assistant Professor Georgia Institute of Technology School of Public Policy D. M. Smith Building 685 Cherry Street Atlanta, GA 30332-0345 Tel: 404-894-6822 [email protected] Anthony P. Belanger Research Scientist Sappi Fine Paper North America Technology Center 89 Cumberland Street Westbrook, Maine 04092 Tel: 207-856-3643 [email protected] Kathleen M. Bennett Principal Kathleen M. Bennett Consulting, LLC 1027 Pintail Point Anderson, SC 29626 Tel: 864-354-7228 [email protected] Terry Bliss Research Fellow Ashland Hercules Water Treatment Ashland Water Technologies Group 500 Hercules Road Wilmington, DE 19808-1599 Tel: 302-995-3523 [email protected] Matt Bovee Manager - Papermaking Process Solutions International Paper 6283 Tri-Ridge Blvd. Loveland, OH 45140 Tel: 513-248-6597 [email protected] Jim Bradbury Pulping Research Manager NewPage Corporation 300 N. Biron Drive Wisconsin Rapids, WI 54494 Tel: 715-422-2297 [email protected]

G. Ronald Brown Executive Director Agenda 2020 Technology Alliance 1111 19th Street, NW, Suite 800 Washington DC 20036 Tel: 202-463-2742 [email protected] Marilyn A. Brown Professor Georgia Institute of Technology School of Public Policy D. M. Smith Building 685 Cherry Street Atlanta, GA 30332-0345 Tel: 404-385-0303 [email protected] Manuk Colakyan CTO & Chair of Renmatix Scientific Advisory Board Renmatix Company 1640 Airport Rd., Suite 108 Kennesaw, GA 30144 770-421-0128 [email protected] Tony Colasurdo Marketing Manager Eka Chemicals Inc. 1850 Parkway Place Marietta, GA 30067 Tel: 770-321-5834 [email protected] Dan Floyd Operations Director Renmatix Company 1640 Airport Rd, Suite 108 Kennesaw, GA 30144 Tel: 770-421-0128 [email protected] Gopal C. Goyal Fiber Technology Solutions Manager International Paper 6283 Tri-Ridge Blvd. Loveland, OH 45140 Tel: 513-248-6415 [email protected]





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Malcolm Halls Senior R&E Manager Global Innovation, Health and Wellness Kimberly-Clark 1400 Holcomb Bridge Road, B400 Roswell, GA 30076 Tel: 770-587-7504 [email protected] Danny Haynes Senior Technical Coordinator, Business Development Eka Chemicals 1850 Parkway Place Marietta, GA 30067 Tel: 770-321-4107 [email protected] Heikki Ilvespää Vice President, Technology Development UPM-Kymmene PL 380, Eteläesplanadi 2 FI-00101 Helsinki FINLAND Tel: +358 (40) 8415 472 [email protected] J. Phillip E. Jones Director of Technical Marketing, New Ventures IMERYS 100 Mansell Court E., Suite 300 Roswell, GA 30076 Tel: 770-331-0325 [email protected] Jian Li Principal Scientist Rayonier Rayonier Marketing and Research Center 4474 Savannah Highway Jesup, GA 31545 Tel: 912-588-8000 [email protected] Chris Luettgen Senior R&E Manager Global Manufacturing Support Kimberly-Clark 1400 Holcomb Bridge Road B400/2nd Floor Roswell, GA 30076 Tel: 770-587-7077 [email protected]

Tony Lyons Director of Research IMERYS Pigments for Paper NA 618 Kaolin Road Sandersville, GA 31082-0471 Tel: 478-553-5243 [email protected] Bruno S. Marcoccia Director of Research & Development Domtar 100 Kingsley Park Dr. Fort Mill, SC 29715-6476 Tel: 803-802-8149 [email protected] Norman F. Marsolan Director Institute of Paper Science and Technology Georgia Institute of Technology 500 10th Street, NW Atlanta, GA 30332-0620 Tel: 404-894-2082 [email protected] Ken Matthews Bio-Based Chemicals COP Leader Eka Chemicals Inc. 1850 Parkway Place Marietta, GA 30067 Tel: 770-321-4146 [email protected] Larry N. Montague President and Chief Executive Officer TAPPI 15 Technology Parkway S. Norcross, GA 30092 Tel: 770-209-7227 [email protected] Richard Mullen Vice President Products & Brand Management Domtar 100 Kingsley Park Dr. Fort Mill, SC 29715-6476 Tel: 803-802-8283 [email protected]









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Mark Murguia Principal Scientist Rayonier Rayonier Performance Fibers Marketing and Research Center 4474 Savannah Highway Jesup, GA 31598 Tel: 912-588-8204 [email protected] Amar Neogi Director, Renewal Research & Development Weyerhaeuser P. O. Box 9777 Federal Way, WA 98063-9777 Tel: 253-924-6722 [email protected] Harshad Pande Senior Manager Projects, Research and Development Domtar 395 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West Montreal, QC H3A 1L6 Canada Tel: 514-770-0766 [email protected] Lon Rollinson Director, Corporate Engineering MeadWestvaco Corporation 501 S. 5th Street Richmond, VA 23219-0501 Tel: 804-444-3274 [email protected] Scott Rosencrance R&D Manager Kemira Chemicals 387 Technology Circle NW, Suite 300 Atlanta, GA 30313 Tel: 404-477-6541 [email protected]

Frank J. Sutman Senior Group Leader Ashland Hercules Water Technologies 500 Hercules Road Wilmington, DE 19803 Tel: 302-995-4171 [email protected] David Turpin Vice President, Packaging Materials Technology Center for Packaging Innovation MeadWestvaco 1021 Main Campus Drive Raleigh, NC 27606 Tel: 919-334-3340 [email protected] Tom Waecker Technology Platform Manager Sappi Fine Paper North America Technology Center 89 Cumberland Street Westbrook, Maine 04092 Tel: 207-856- 3714 [email protected] Theodore H. Wegner Interim Director US Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory One Gifford Pinchot Drive Madison, WI 53726 Tel: 608-231-9434 [email protected] Frank Zimmermann Fiber and Wet End Chemistry Team Leader Kemira Chemicals 387 Technology Circle NW, Suite 300 Atlanta, GA 30313 Tel: 404-477-6547 [email protected]






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This is the inside of the back cover

IPST Membership Options Full participation

Directed research Consortium membership

For further information, please contact Norman Marsolan, Director

([email protected])

Leadership and Giving

The Institute of Paper Science and Technology needs the support of our companies, loyal alumni, and friends to realize our vision as the world's leading research and educational enterprise supporting the global forest products and related industries. IPST is in a unique position to help educate the future leaders of the industry and to provide new knowledge and create solutions to the technical, economic and strategic issues facing the industry.

Guide to Giving:

To make a gift by credit card or wire transfer, please contact the Georgia Tech Foundation at (404) 894-6130 or the Office of Development at (404) 894-5544 to inform Georgia Tech of your coming gift to ensure that your transfer is credited properly. Please contact the Director of Gift Accounting to make a gift by credit card. State that your gift is intended for the benefit of the Institute of Paper Science and Technology. To give a gift by cash or check, simply make your check payable to the Georgia Tech Foundation, state that your gift is intended for the benefit of the Institute of Paper Science and Technology, and mail it to this address:

Georgia Tech Foundation 760 Spring Street NW, Suite 400 Atlanta, Georgia 30308

Please include a short note with your check stating that the purpose or designation of your gift is to the Institute of Paper Science and Technology and note the purpose on the memo line of your check. Your gift will be recorded and receipted promptly on behalf of the Institute of Paper Science and Technology. For more information, please visit the website (www.ipst.gatech.edu)

Version for right-hand page; should reverse,

if a left-hand page.


http://www.ipst.gatech.edu/

74

Back cover.

Institute of Paper Science and Technology Georgia Institute of Technology

500 Tenth Street, NW Atlanta, GA 30332-0620

404-894-5700 (phone)

404-385-0522 (fax)

www.ipst.gatech.edu

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