The word Linguistics has been derived from Latin word “Lingua which means language” & “Ics stands for science.In its most general sense,it is the scientific study of language.

Linguistics

The levels of Linguistics are1)Phonetics2)Phonology3)Morphology4)Lexicology5)Syntax6)Semantics7)pragmatics

The scientific study of production, transmission and reception of speech sounds is called phonetics. There are three sub-levels of phonetics.1)Articulatory phonetics: It deals with the study of production of speech sounds.2)Acoustics phonetics: It deals with the study of physical transmission of speech sounds.3)Auditory phonetics: It deals with the the study of reception and perception of speech sounds.

Phonology is the study of the sound patterns of language. It is concerned with how sounds are organized in a language. phonology examines what occurs to speech sounds,When they are combined to form a word and how these speech sounds interact with each other. For example,In English, /p/ sound is a phoneme because it is the smallest unit of sound that can make a difference of meaning if, for example,we replace the initial sound of bill, till or dill making the pill.

Morphology is the study of word formation and structure . It studies how words are put together from their smaller parts and the rules governing this process. For example, Black board Mean ing ful

Lexicology is the study of words . We study word formation and word classes. Lexeme is the smallest unit of lexis . For example, Be been beingGo went gone goes going

Syntax is the study of sentence . Grammatical study of words is also known as syntax. Under line structureSubject verb objectAli hits the ballTransformational process The ball was hit by Ali.

Semantics is the study of meaning of any written or spoken piece of a language. For example,

Use of one’s language in certain situation’s is called pragmatics. For example,At home we speak Urdu or English.At office we speak English or Urdu.With friends we speak Saraiki or Punjabi.With relatives native language.

Ijaz HussainM.A.ENGLISH (1st semester)

Presented To:Sir Yasir Jamshaid

Special thanx:To Abeer Arif and all my dear classmates for their kind cooperation