ISSN 0036-8075

25 May 1979

Volume 204, No. 4395

LETTERS Three Mile Island: G. C. Thom; D. A. Bronstein; E. Marshall;H. W. Ibser; C. R. Maness; "Strategy": P. Murtaugh .

EDITORIAL Science and Public Understanding

ARTICLES One Mars Year: Viking Lander Imaging Observations; K. L. Jones et al.

Science and Industry, Challenges of Antagonistic Interdependence:P. F. Drucker...................................

NEWS AND COMMENT

RESEARCH NEWS

BOOK REVIEWS

How to Assess Cancer Risks . . . . ........ ........ .. . . .....

Coral Reefs in Potential Conflict with Oil and Gas Development .

Briefing: Japan-U.S. Cooperation on Energy R & D Agreed to;Different Route Accepted as Way to New Department; U.S.Geological Survey-On the Map for 100 Years; On the Wayto the Forum; Endangered Review Body Seems to Be in the Clear.

More Help for the Mentally Ill ..........................

Viets and Vets Fear Herbicide Health Effects.

Nonnonprofit Chronicle ofHigher Education .

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Toxic Waste Disposal a Growing Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819

New Breed of Telescope Born in Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823

Unification of Elementary Forces and Gauge Theories, reviewed byB. Holstein; Lakes, P. Kilham; Upwelling Ecosystems, M. M. Mullin;Chronometric Explorations of Mind, T. Shallice; Books Received

REPORTS Geothermal Convection Through Oceanic Crust and Sediments in the Indian Ocean:R. N. Anderson, M. A. Hobart, M. G. Langseth.

Stratospheric Wave Spectra Resembling Turbulence: E. M.Dewan.

Effects ofRaw Materials on Biface Manufacture: P. R. Jones.

Direct Marine-Continental Correlation: 150,000-Year Oxygen Isotope-Pollen Recordfrom the North Pacific: L. E. Heusser and N. J. Shackleton .

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PRODUCTS ANDMATERIALS

Power-Line Harmonic Radiation: Can It Significantly Affect the Earth's RadiationBelts?:R. M. Thorne andB. T. Tsurutani ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839

Isolation and Characterization of an Endogenous Type C Virus of Rhesus Monkeys:H. Rabin et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841

,8-Adrenergic-Sensitive Adenylate Cyclase in Secretory Cells of Choroid Plexus:J. A. Nathanson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843

CARNA 5, the Small Cucumber Mosaic Virus-Dependent Replicating RNA,Regulates Disease Expression: H. E. Waterworth, J. M. Kaper,M. E. Tousignant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845

Mortality of the Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus L.): Avian Predation at FiveOverwintering Sites in Mexico: W. H. Calvert, L. E. Hedrick, L. P. Brower. . . 847

Prolactin Receptors in Rana catesbeiana During Development and Metamorphosis:B. A. White and C. S. Nicoll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851

Extrapituitary Action of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone: Direct Inhibition ofOvarian Steroidogenesis: A. J. W. Hsueh and G. F. Erickson . . . . . . . . . . 854

Periodicity of Deoxyribonuclease I Digestion of Chromatin: A. Prunell et al. 855

"Transfer Connections": Specialized Pathways for Nutrient Translocation in aRed Alga?R. Wetherbee ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858

Normal Anterior Endoderm Corrects the Heart Defect in Cardiac MutantSalamanders (Ambystoma mexicanum): L. F. Lemanski, D. J. Paulson,C . S. Hill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860

Intercellular Communication in Pancreatic Islet Monolayer Cultures: AMicrofluorometric Study: E. Kohen et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862

Immunoassay by Differential Pulse Polarography: W. R. Heineman,C. W. Anderson, H. B. Halsall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 865

f3S- and p2-Adrenergic Receptors in Rat Cerebral Cortex Are IndependentlyRegulated: K. P. Minneman et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866

Induction of Differentiation in Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells by TumorPromoters: G. Rovera, T. G. O'Brien, L. Diamond . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 868

Species-Specific Perceptual Processing of Vocal Sounds by Monkeys:S. R. Zoloth et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870

Fluorescent Retrograde Double Labeling: Axonal Branching in the AscendingRaphe and Nigral Projections: D. van der Kooy andH. G. J. M. Kuypers . . . . 873

Binocularity in Kittens Reared with Optically Induced Squint: E. L. Smith III et al.. 875

Testosterone Reduces Refractory Period of Stria Terminalis Neurons in the RatBrain: K. M. Kendrick andR. F. Drewett . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . 877

Physical Factors Affecting the Mutagenicity of Fly Ash from a Coal-Fired PowerPlant: G. L. Fisher, C. E. Chrisp, 0. G. Raabe . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 879

Technical Comment: Estimating Fatness: J. Reeves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881

Centrifugal Freeze Dryer; Liquid Chromatography Module; VideoChartRecorder; Radioiodination for Proteins; Spectrophotometer; MethodsProcessor for Liquid Chromatography; Ultrasonic Cleaner for Pipettesand Glassware;Literature . . . . . ............. .. ..... .... 882

COVER

Predation of a monarch butterfly (Dan-aus plexippus L.) by a black-backedoriole (Icterus abeillei) from a clusteron a tree trunk at a recently discoveredoverwintering site of the monarch but-terfly in Central Mexico. See page 847.[Photographs by George D. Lepp (Da-vis, California) at a 2-second intervalusing a Nikkor 400-millimeter lens,Norman telephoto strobe, and Koda-chrome 64 film]

25 May 1979, Volume 204, Number 4395

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR Scie:THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

. WhiScience serves its readers as a forum for the presenta-

tion and discussion of important issues related to the ad- on a rvancement of science, including the presentation of mi- powernority or conflicting points of view, rather than by pub-lishing only material on which a consensus has been encingreached. Accordingly, all articles published in Science- aliveincluding editorials, news and comment, and book re-views-are signed and reflect the individual views of the alway;authors and not official points of view adopted by the uses.]AAAS or the institutions with which the authors are af-filiated. the ch

Fltorla Bo.d the be1979: E. PETER GEIDUSCHEK, WARD GOODENOUGH, The

N. BRUCE HANNAY, MARTIN J. KLEIN, FRANKLIN A.LONG, NEAL E. MILLER, JEFFREY J. WINE discov1980: RICHARD E. BALZHISER, WALLACE S. BROECK- just fri

ER, CLEMENT L. MARKERT, FRANK W. PUTNAM, BRY-ANT W. ROSSITER, VERA C. RUBIN, MAXINE F. SINGER, muchPAUL E. WAGGONER, F. KARL WILLENBROCK mor o

PubAbber conceiWILLIAM D. CAREY gardin

Editor increaPHILIP H. ABELSON munic.

Editorial Staff noiseManaging Editor Business Manager ofs IROBERT V. ORMES HANS NUSSBAUM of its tAssistant Managing Editor Production Editor researJOHN E. RINGLE ELLEN E. MURPHY quickeNews Editor: BARBARA J. CULLITON qUiCkeNews and Comment: WILLIAM J. BROAD, LUTHER J. technc

CARTER, CONSTANCE HOLDEN, ELIOT MARSHALL,DEBORAH SHAPLEY, R. JEFFREY SMITH, NICHOLAS ForWADE, JOHN WALSH. Editorial Assistant, SCHERRAINE responMACKResearch News: BEVERLY KARPLUS HARTLINE, portan

FREDERICK F. HARTLINE, RICHARD A. KERR, GINA a largeBARI KOLATA, JEAN L. MARX, THOMAS H. MAUGH II,ARTHUR L. ROBINSON. Editorial Assistant, FANNIE with tlGRoomnasoConsulting Editor: ALLEN L. HAMMOND nars 0Associate Editors: ELEANORE BUTZ, MARY DORF- Fellov

MAN, SYLVIA EBERHART, JUDITH GOTTLIEB, RUTHKULSTAD reacheAssistant Editors: CAITILIN GORDON, LOIS SCHMITT, effecti

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LINDA HEISERMAN, JANET KEGG majorLetters: CHRISTINE KARLIKCopy Editor: ISABELLA BOULDIN and teProduction: NANCY HARTNAGEL, JOHN BAKER; YA initiallLI SWIGART, HOLLY BISHOP, ELEANOR WARNER; JEAN

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EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE: 1515 Massachu-setts Ave., NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. Area code tures.202. General Editorial Office, 467-4350; Book Reviews, n467-4367; Guide to Scientific Instruments, 467-4480; ence,News and Comment, 467-4430; Reprints and Per- scientimissions, 467-4483; Research News, 467-4321. Cable:Advancesci, Washington. For "Instructions for Contrib- neitheutors," write the editorial office or see page xi, Science, role in30 March 1979.BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE: Area Code 202. trendsBusiness Office, 467-4411; Circulation, 467-4417. This

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SCIENCE

nce and Public Understandingen tens of thousands of troubled Americans swarm into Washingtonmagnificent May morning to register a civil protest against nucleartechnology, the First Amendment becomes a powerful factor influ-

g the future course of science and its applications. Choice is very muchin the land. This is as it should be, and we can hope that it will nots take a Harrisburg scare to awaken public interest in science and itsBut the right of choice is not sufficient, standing alone. The quality ofoice is at the heart of the matter, and a media event is not necessarilyst instrument for informing the act of choosing.risk is that public opinion may come to equate scientific progress and(ery with "ugly" technology and leave it at that. The matter arises notom a sense of brooding uncertainty about nuclear power, but just asfrom polarized debates about the strategic weapons balance, the ru-of dark doings involving the particle beam weapon, a credibility gapming petroleum shortages, alarms accompanied by reassurances re-g the impacts of carbon dioxide buildup in the atmosphere, and thesing man-machine interface that goes along with advancing telecom-ations sophistication. It is a difficult business to project, above thislevel, an awareness of man's leaping understanding of his universe-behavior, its resources, its possibilities, and its wonders. The joys ofch and discovery, the glimpse of creativity, and the meanings of the-ning journey to knowledge take second place to the trumpeting ofDlogical crisis, real or apparent.more than a decade, the constitution of the AAAS has mandated thensibility "to increase public understanding and appreciation of the im-ice and promise of the methods of science in human progress." That is- and perplexing assignment, and the AAAS to date has tried to meet it'he tools at its disposal: Science, the Annual Meeting, regional semi-inproblems of science and society, Media Fellows and CongressionalNs, and ad hoc projects. It has not been enough. The universe to beed is large, and the exuberance of science and technology outpaces theive reach of these limited initiatives. The time has come to do more.its spring meeting, the Board of Directors unanimously approved anew effort by the AAAS to advance public understanding of sciencejchnology. It takes the form of a new kind of magazine, to be calledly Science 80, for an educated public readership. Grounded on theition and credibility of AAAS, and with exacting standards of editorialnsibility, Science 80 will cover important and exciting developmentsiscoveries in all the sciences as well as medicine and technology, andnt them in clear and readable language. It will go beyond the reportingtnce and technology to examine impacts on people, nations, and cul-It will cover the controversies and public policies that involve sci-and it will describe the process by which new science is created: howists work, and where they get their ideas. At the same time, it will ber an imitation nor a substitute for Science, which has a very differentreporting advances at the frontiers of science and in analyzing the

;and directions that affect the scientific enterprise.s new venture would not be possible if the AAAS were not a nonprofitiation with an implicit social responsibility, or if it were not fortifiedhe editorial and technical strengths to do the job well. The undertakingot be easy, and there are risks that the AAAS understands and ac-But the response to a large mail test has been very strong indeed,Lting that a magazine of this kind published by the AAAS will get arood reception.first issue of Science 80, which will initially be issued bimonthly, ised for the fall of 1979. We hope and believe that the members of thewill have reason to be proud of it and view it as worthy company to

ce, which remains the flagship of the AAAS as it approaches its 100thif publication.-WILLIAM D. CAREY