Home Activity Your child is learning about Latin roots. Have your child explain what each Latin root in this lesson means.

DVD•272 Latin Roots

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Center of the Earth

Latin Roots

• Generalization Many words are formed with the Latin roots spec meaning “look,” scrib or scrip meaning “write,” rupt meaning “break,” and ject meaning “throw.”

Word Sort Sort the list words by their Latin root.

ject 1. ___________________

2. ___________________

3. ___________________

4. ___________________

spec 5. ___________________

6. ___________________

7. ___________________

8. ___________________

9. ___________________

scriborscrip 10. ___________________

11. ___________________

12. ___________________

13. ___________________

14. ___________________

15. ___________________

rupt 16. ___________________

17. ___________________

18. ___________________

19. ___________________

20. ___________________

SpellingWords 1. describe 2. interruption 3. inspection 4. scribble 5. respectful 6. bankrupt 7. project 8. injection 9. manuscript 10. suspect

11. subscription 12. spectacular 13. eruption 14. eject 15. abruptly 16. prescribe 17. reject 18. aspect 19. rupture 20. inscribe

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Cause and EffectA cause is what makes something happen. An effect is what happens. An effect may have one or more causes. Sometimes authors will use words like because and so to show cause and effect.

ActivityWhy Oh Why? With a family member, recall an event that happened at home recently. Maybe something spilled, or you did a great job cleaning your room. The event itself is the effect. Now make a list of the causes that brought the event about.

Comprehension Skill

Journey to the Center of the EarthIn Jules Verne’s classic tale of underground adventure, young Harry, his professor uncle, and their guide Hans encounter a raging battle between two multi-headed monsters. The monsters look like combinations of dinosaurs and mammals. The explorers watch in fear and amazement as they realize they are the first to see these incredible creatures.

ActivityWhat Could It Be? Imagine you are exploring the Earth’s core. What kind of animals (or monsters) might you see there? With a family member, draw an imaginary monster and write a few sentences about the beast.

Summary

Family Times DVD•273

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DVD•274 Family Times

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Practice Tested Spelling Words

Words to KnowKnowing the meanings of these words is important to reading Journey to the Center of the Earth. Practice using these words.

Vocabulary Wordsarmor any kind of protective coveringencases covers completely; enclosesextinct no longer existinghideous very ugly; frightful; horribleplunged fell or moved suddenly downward or forwardserpent snake, especially a big snake

Lesson Vocabulary

Comparative and Superlative AdjectivesA comparative adjective is used to compare two people, places, things, or groups. Add –er to most adjectives to make them comparative. For example: Ben is faster than Ellen. A superlative adjective is used to compare three or more people, places, things, or groups. Add –est to most adjectives to make them superlative. For example: Alice is the fastest sprinter on the team. Remember that there is no need to combine the word more with comparative or superlative adjectives in your writing.

ActivityBetter-Best With a family member, write out five statements about people you know—family, friends, teachers, etc. —that use adjectives. For example: My sister is loud. Uncle Steve is funny. Then go back and make all of the adjectives comparative. After that, change them all to superlative adjectives.

Conventions

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Cause and Effect

• Acause(whatmakessomethinghappen)mayhaveseveraleffects.Aneffect (what happens as a result of a cause) may have several causes.

• Sometimescluewordssuchassince, as a result, caused, thus, therefore,andconsequently are usedtoshowcause-and-effectrelationships.

Directions Read the following passage. Then answer the questions below.

Why are people so fascinated with dinosaurs? Young and old

alike, people are interested in the great beasts that once roamed this planet. Museums have been built to showcase what dinosaurs might have looked like, thousands of books have been written on the subject, and many television shows and movies have been made about them.

Are we fascinated by dinosaurs because they are so strange and unlike any animal we know? Is it because many of them were so huge? Maybe it’s because some dinosaurs seem scary, and some people find it thrilling to be scared. Some scien-tists have made their life’s work studying dinosaurs, and maybe that same curiosity is at the heart of all dinosaur fans.

1. What are two causes for people to be fascinated with dinosaurs?

2. What are two effects of people’s fascination with dinosaurs?

3. Using your own experience, what might be the most important reason we like dinosaurs?

4. Why do you think older people and young people are interested in dinosaurs?

5. Write a summary of this passage in one or two sentences.

Home ActivityYourchildreadashortpassageandansweredquestionsaboutcausesandeffects.Withyourchild,discussthereasonsyouthinkdinosaursarefascinating.Askyourchildtosummarizeyourthoughtsondinosaurs.

Comprehension DVD•275

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Author’s PurposeDirections Read the following passage. Then answer the questions below.

In 1912, a German scientist named Alfred Wegener suggested a theory to

explain why the Earth’s continents came to be in the places they are today. According to Wegener’s theory, a large landmass he called Pangaea covered more than half the planet. It drifted apart slowly over many millions of years. One example he uses as

evidence is that the west coast of Africa appears to fit exactly into the east coast of South America. Another example he uses is that the coasts of both countries share many similar fossils of plants and animals, suggesting they were once joined together.

1. What is the author’s purpose for writing this passage?

2. How do you know that this is the author’s purpose?

3. How did the author’s purpose affect your reading rate?

4. Why might Africa and South America have been joined together at one point in time?

5. Write a sentence or two to persuade people to take a vacation on Pangaea.

Home Activity Your child read a short passage and has answered questions about the author’s purpose. Together read an article from the travel section of the newspaper or from a travel book. Ask your child to identify the author’s purpose for the article.

DVD•276 Comprehension

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Center of the Earth

Home Activity Your child learned how to use comparative and superlative adjectives in writing. Ask your child to compare two of his or her favorite book characters using comparative and superlative adjectives.

Comparative and Superlative AdjectivesDirections Write a comparative or superlative form of the adjective in ( ) to make each sentence precise.

1. I think Jules Verne was a writer than Philip K. Dick. (inventive)

2. From childhood, he had been of all when observing how things worked. (happy)

3. He always researched the very scientific ideas. (new)

4. I like his books than those of Charles Dickens. (good)

5. Verne included the details possible in his novels. (realistic)

6. The submarine, motorcar, and navigable airship are just three inventions he anticipated from a

age. (late)

Directions Write a paragraph to persuade a classmate to read one of your favorite books. Include comparative and superlative adjectives.

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives DVD•277

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Home Activity Your child has learned to read, write, and spell words with Latin roots. Challenge your child to think of other words that use these Latin roots.

DVD•278 Latin Roots

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Center of the Earth

Latin Roots

Alphabetize Put the list words in the box below in alphabetical order.

describe interruption respectful bankrupt project injection suspect subscription eject prescribe

Spelling Wordsdescribe interruption inspection scribble respectfulbankrupt project injection manuscript suspectsubscription spectacular eruption eject abruptlyprescribe reject aspect rupture inscribe

Crossword Puzzle Use the clues to find the list words. Write each letter in a box.

Across 1. distinct feature or element 3. burst, split, or break 8. organized or official examination 9. refuse to accept 10. dramatic, sensational in appearance

Down 2. sudden violent outbreak 4. quickly and without warning 5. scratch or cut into a material 6. write carelessly 7. handwritten book or document

1. ___________________

4. ___________________

7. ___________________

9. ___________________

2. ___________________

5. ___________________

8. ___________________

10. ___________________

3. ___________________

6. ___________________

1. 2.

3.

4.

5. 6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

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Comprehension DVD•279

Cause and Effect

• Acause(whatmakessomethinghappen)mayhaveseveraleffects.Aneffect (what happens as a result of a cause) may have several causes.

• Sometimescluewordssuchassince, as a result, caused, thus, therefore,andconsequently are usedtoshowcause-and-effectrelationships.

Directions Read the following passage. Then complete the diagram below.

A good way to understand how a volcano erupts is by shaking a bottle

of soda. The shaking causes pressure to build up inside the bottle. When you open the bottle—splat! The soda bursts out of the top.

Volcanoes work in a similar way. The Earth’s magma, which is a thick liquid

between the crust and the fiery core of the Earth, is like the soda pop. When the tectonic plates that sit below the continents shift and move, it’s like shaking up the soda bottle. After enough pressure builds up, the magma rises to the Earth’s surface, eventually causing volcanoes to erupt.

Cause Effect

1. Volcanoes erupt.

EffectPressure builds inside the bottle.

Effect2.

Cause3. Tectonic plates

Cause4. Magma rises

5. Write a summary of this passage in one or two sentences.

Home Activity Yourchildreadashortpassageandidentifiedcausesandeffects.Basedononeofyourchild’sfavoritemovies,discussthecausesandeffects.

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Home Activity Your child reviewed comparative and superlative adjectives. Reread the selection with your child. Have him or her describe the fighting monsters using comparative and superlative adjectives.

Comparative and Superlative AdjectivesDirections If the adjective forms are correct, write Correct on the line. If they are not correct, write the comparative and superlative forms correctly on the line.

Adjective Comparative Superlative

1. happy more happier most happiest

2. hungry hungrier hungriest

3. beloved beloveder belovedest

4. sad more sadder most saddest

Directions Underline the adjective form in ( ) to complete each sentence correctly.

5. Jules Verne was (most unhappy, most unhappiest) as a stockbroker.

6. He was (happier, more happier) writing plays.

7. However, he was a much (more better, better) novelist than a playwright.

8. He left business and went on to become the (more successful, most successful) writer of his time.

9. He wrote more books than other authors, and they were of (higher, most highest) quality.

10. They were scientifically accurate, but readers found them (entertaininger, more entertaining) than educational.

Directions Write the correct forms of the adjectives in ( ) to complete the sentences.

11. The Earth has three layers. Which layer is ? (thin)

12. The outer layer, called the crust, is the layer of the three. (rigid)

13. The middle layer, called the mantle, contains melted rock and is much than the crust. (hot)

14. The core, in the Earth’s center, is under the pressure of all. (intense)

15. Jules Verne’s idea for a journey to the core is than realistic. (fantastic)

DVD•280 Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

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